954:), with maximums ranging from β24.8 Β°C (β12.6 Β°F) in December to β62 Β°C (β80 Β°F) in May, mean ranging from β30.4 Β°C (β22.7 Β°F) in December to β65.3 Β°C (β85.5 Β°F) in May and minimums ranging from β36.1 Β°C (β33.0 Β°F) in December to β68.7 Β°C (β91.7 Β°F) in May. The annual average air temperature is β54.5 Β°C (β66.1 Β°F). The station has never recorded a temperature above freezing; the warmest temperature recorded was β5.4 Β°C (22.3 Β°F) in January. Temperatures can fall below β80 Β°C (β112 Β°F) in winter, and the coldest recorded temperature was β84.6 Β°C (β120.3 Β°F) in August 2010; one of the coldest temperatures ever recorded on Earth.
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outside world, having no transportation and limited communication for 9 months and live a prolonged period in complete darkness, at an altitude almost equivalent to 4000m at the equator. This creates physiological and psychological strains on the crew. Concordia station is particularly useful for the study of chronic hypobaric hypoxia, stress secondary to confinement and isolation, circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, individual and group psychology, telemedicine, and astrobiology. Concordia station has been proposed as one of the real-life Earth-based analogues for long-duration deep-space missions.
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5786:{Chadid, M., Vernin, J., Preston, G., Zalian, C., Pouzenc, C., Abe, L., A., Aristidi, E., Liu, L.~Y. and Trinquet, H.}, title = "{First Detection of Multi-shocks in RR Lyrae Stars from Antarctica: A Possible Explanation of the Blazhko Effect}", journal = {Astronomical Journal}, keywords = {hydrodynamics, methods: observational, stars: atmospheres, stars: oscillations, stars: variables: general, techniques: photometric}, year = 2014, month = nov, volume = 148, eid = {88}, pages = {88}, doi = {10.1088/0004-6256/148/5/88}, adsurl = {
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radio, spare batteries and a full fleece suit, with only the eyes at times visible. Italian
Glaciologist Emanuele Salvietti had to take snow samples every day one kilometre from the base. As he had to walk (because no vehicle operates at these temperatures), he built a full face mask, with only a pipe to breathe. The slightest mistake would lead to certain injury, as astronomer Agabi Karim explained: "Burns on the cheeks and eyelashes glued to the lens of the telescope," after exposure to the freezing cold.
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5773:{Chadid, M., Vernin, Chapellier, E., Trinquet, H. and Bono, G.}, title = "{First Antarctica light curve. PAIX monitoring of the Blazhko RR Lyrae star: S Arae}", journal = {AP}, keywords = {techniques: spectroscopic, methods: data analysis, techniques: photometric, shock waves, stars: variables: RR Lyrae, stars: atmospheres}, year = 2010, month = jun, volume = 516, eid = {L15}, pages = {L15}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201014857}, adsurl = {
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5747:{Vernin, J., Chadid, M., Aristidi, E., Trinquet, H. and van der Swaelmen, M.}, title = "{First single star scidar measurements at Dome C, Antarctica}", journal = {AP}, keywords = {atmospheric effects, site testing, turbulence, instrumentation: detectors, methods: data analysis, methods: observational}, year = 2009, month = jun, volume = 500, pages = {1271-1276}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/200811119}, adsurl = {
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881:. This is significantly worse than most major observatory sites, but similar to other observatories in Antarctica. However, Lawrence et al. consider other features of the site and conclude that "Dome C is the best ground-based site to develop a new astronomical observatory". Note however that this was written before whole-atmospheric seeing measurements had been made at Dome C.
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3404:(path that the sun follows in the sky if photographed at precisely the same time every week through the course of a year) was imaged for the first time ever in Antarctica by Adrianos Golemis during the 10th winterover mission at Concordia Station (2013β2014). The resulting composite exposure image was selected as
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In
September 2005 the highest temperature was β48 Β°C, with an average in August of β60.2 Β°C and a record of β78.6 Β°C on 1 September. At these temperatures, trips outside had to be performed with the utmost care. Those going outside travelled at least in pairs and were equipped with a
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drilling by field teams of several nations. In the 1990s, Dome C was chosen for deep ice core drilling by the
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA). Drilling at Dome C began in 1996 and was completed on December 21, 2004, reaching a drilling depth of 3270.2 m, 5 m above bedrock. The
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Concordia
Station shares many stressor characteristics similar to that of long-duration deep-space missions, in particular extreme isolation and confinement, and therefore serves as a useful analogue platform for research relevant to space medicine. During the winter, the crew are isolated from the
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gives a new insight to cope with unresolved stellar enigma and stellar oscillation challenges and offers a great opportunity to benefit from an access to the best astronomical site on Earth βDome Cβ. Indeed, Chadid, Vernin, Preston et al. implement, for the first time from the ground, a new way to
5760:{Giordano, C., Vernin, J., Chadid, M. and Aristidi, E. and Trinquet, H.}, title = "{Dome C Site Characterization in 2006 with Single-Star SCIDAR}", journal = {PASP}, year = 2012, month = may, volume = 124, pages = {494-506}, doi = {10.1086/665667}, adsurl = {
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Thanks to the Single Star Scidar SSS, Vernin, Chadid and
Aristidi et al. and Giordano, Vernin and Chadid et al. finally demonstrated that most of the optical turbulence is concentrated within the first 30 m atmospheric level at Dome C. The rest of the atmosphere is very quiet with a
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68:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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While the station has been in use for summer campaigns since
December 1997, the first winterover (February to October) was only made in 2005. During this period, the station is inaccessible, requiring total autonomy.
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Abdelkrim Agabi; Eric
Aristidi; Max Azouit; Eric Fossat; Francois Martin; Tatiana Sadibekova; Jean Vernin; Aziz Ziad (2006). "First whole atmosphere night-time seeing measurements at Dome C, Antarctica".
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Concordia
Station has been identified as a suitable location for extremely accurate astronomical observations. The transparency of the Antarctic atmosphere permits the observation of stars even when the
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The
Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets (ASTEP) programme is composed of two telescopes: a 10 cm refractor installed in 2008, and a 40 cm telescope installed in 2010 and upgraded in 2022.
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have been spotted overflying the station, 1,200 km away from their nearest food sources. It is believed that these birds have learned to cross the continent instead of circumnavigating it.
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typical for the coastal regions of
Antarctica because of its elevated location and its relative distance from the edges of the Antarctic Plateau. Typical wind speed in winter is 2.8 m/s.
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905:, pulsations and their evolutionary properties with long uninterrupted and continuous precision observations over 150 days, and without the regular interruptions imposed by the
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The eleventh wintering is taking place from February 2015 to November 2015 with a team of 13 people (six French, five Italian, one British and one Swiss):
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In 1996, a French-Italian team established a summer camp at Dome C. The two main objectives of the camp were the provision of logistical support for the
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The fourth winter took place from 31 January 2008 to 8 November 2008 with a team consisting of thirteen winter-overs (seven French and six Italian):
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The fifth wintering took place from February 2009 to November 2009 with a team of twelve people (eight French, three Italian and one British):
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Dome C is situated on top of the Antarctic Plateau. No animals or plants live at a distance of more than a few tens of kilometers from the
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The third winter ran from February to November 2007 with a team of wintering composed of fourteen people (eight French and six Italian):
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The fifteenth winter began on February 13, 2019, with thirteen overwintering (five French, six Italian, one Danish and one Australian):
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The second winter was conducted from February to November 2006 with a team of ten wintering (six French, four Italian and 1 American):
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The climate at Dome C where Concordia Station is located is frigid all year round, being one of the coldest places on Earth. It has a
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The thirteenth winter began on February 9, 2017, with thirteen overwintering (five French, seven Italian, one Belgian Canadian):
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The record temperature for this winter was measured at β80 Β°C on 5 September 2006 at 2:37 ET was renewed several times.
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seeing measured with a DIMM Differential Image Motion Monitor placed on top of an 8.5 m high tower is 1.3 Β± 0.8
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The twentieth winter began on 31st January 2024, with thirteen overwintering (seven French, five Italian and one Swiss):
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The fourteenth winter began on February 6, 2018, with thirteen overwintering (five French, seven Italian, one Austrian):
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The eighteenth winter began on 7 February 2022, with thirteen overwintering (six French, six Italian and one Swedish):
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The average temperature was β65 Β°C and the minimum temperature recorded was β81.9 Β°C reached on September 5.
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The nineteenth winter began on 7 February 2023, with twelve overwintering (six French, five Italian and one German):
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The seventeenth winter began on January 31, 2021, with twelve overwintering (five French, six Italian, one British):
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The eighth wintering took place with a team of 13 people (seven French, four Italian, one Russian and one British):
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The sixteenth winter began on February 7, 2020, with twelve overwintering (seven French, four Italian, one Dutch):
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The twelfth winter began on February 10, 2016, with twelve overwintering (five Italian, six French, one Dutch):
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is 1,670 km (1,040 mi) away. The facility is also located within Australia's claim on Antarctica, the
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The tenth wintering took place with a team of 13 people (six French, five Italian, one Russian and one Greek):
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The first winter began in mid-February 2005, with thirteen wintering (eleven French people and two Italians):
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In 1992, France built a new station on the Antarctic Plateau. The program was later joined by Italy in 1993.
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Crouzet, Nicolas; Guillot, Tristan; Agabi, Karim; Rivet, Jean-Pierre; Bondoux, Erick; et al. (2009).
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5518:"A minimalist photo taken from space reveals the incredible isolation of Antarctic researchers on Earth"
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The seventh wintering took place with a team of 14 people (seven French, six Italian and one British):
5601:"In the Cornucopia of the European Project of Ice Coring in Antarctica: the oldest Antarctic ice core"
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Concordia Station is the third permanent, all-year research station on the Antarctic Plateau besides
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Daban, Jean-Baptiste; et al. (2010). Stepp, Larry M; Gilmozzi, Roberto; Hall, Helen J (eds.).
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The ninth wintering took place with a team of 15 people (nine French, five Italian and one Greek):
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Jon S. Lawrence; Michael C. B. Ashley; Andrei Tokovinin; Tony Travouillon (16 September 2004).
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Humidity is low and it is also very dry, with very little precipitation throughout the year.
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5802:"ASTEP South: An Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets around the celestial South pole"
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This Wintering took place with a team of thirteen (six French, six Italian and one Czech):
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Frozen face of wintering personnel (Christophe Mozer) during first Dome C winterover (2005)
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5824:"ASTEP 400: a telescope designed for exoplanet transit detection from Dome C, Antarctica"
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5892:"Le climat Γ Dome C (en Β°C et mm, moyennes mensuelles 1971/2000 et records dupuis 1990)"
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output and a delta loop antenna located a few hundreds of meters away from the station.
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6207:, blog by Cyprien Pouzenc, Laboratoire Fizeau (Nice, ex-LUAN), Observatoire Sirene
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performed the first scientific experience towards a site qualification at Dome C.
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Albane Barbero: glaciologist, atmospheric chemistry, meteorological maintenance,
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blog by Guillaume Dargaud, ISAC (Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima)
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Thomas Antonio Massimo Pagano: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
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blog by Eric Aristidi, LUAN (Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice)
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Mario Salza: Station Leader, Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
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The main part of the summer camp at Dome C (Concordia) Station in January 2005
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6037:"WAPONLINE > News & Information > Archive 2014 > February 2014"
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Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series
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Part of a traverse, which was bringing fuel, food, and other supplies from
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5603:(Press release). Alfred-Wegener-Institut. 13 January 2005. Archived from
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Automated Astrophysical Site-Testing International Observatory (AASTINO)
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5674:"Exceptional astronomical seeing conditions above Dome C in Antarctica"
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Cyprien Verseux: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry, Station Leader,
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is at an elevation angle of 38Β°. Other advantages include the very low
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Gabriele Carugati: Station Leader, Glaciologist, Atmosphere Chemistry
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Stanislas Grabowski: Boilermaker, Welder and Multipurpose Technician,
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age of the oldest recovered ice is estimated to be ca. 900,000 years.
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8884:
8268:
7860:
7705:
7668:
7663:
7613:
5382:
4642:
Rodolfo Canestrari: Atmospheric Science and Climate, Station Leader,
4370:
Alessandro Mancini: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
4284:
3643:
Alessandro Fausto: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
3382:
1422:
890:
878:
618:
336:
3381:
station: Paride Legovini operated from there on a weekly basis with
743:
Most of the cargo is moved to Dome C by traverse (called raid) from
9317:
9201:
9025:
9019:
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8818:
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5790:, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} }
5777:, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} }
5764:, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} }
5751:, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} }
5650:
5403:
5398:
3401:
2794:
Alexander Kumar: Station physician and ESA biomedical research MD,
1568:
851:
793:
9058:
6170:
6147:
5985:"Follow MSS13 Adrianos Golemis to the Antarctic Concordia Station"
5302:
Andrea Traverso: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
5110:
Andrea Traverso: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
4548:
Alberto Salvati: Atmospheric Science and Climate, Station Leader,
4094:
Mario Giorgioni: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
2780:
Erick Bondoux: station leader, electronic technician for science,
407:
9349:
8928:
8787:
8020:
6148:
Official website IPEV Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor
5021:
4764:
Massimiliano CatricalΓ : Station Leader, Electronics for Science,
4740:
David Tosolini: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
4698:
Quentin Perret: Boilermaker, Welder and Multipurpose Technician,
4478:
Luca Ianniello: Information and Communications Technology (ICT),
4244:
Massimiliano CatricalΓ : Electronics for Science, Station Leader,
4211:
4120:
3914:
3713:
Henri van den Hove: Plumbing and Heating Engineering Technician,
3708:
3504:
Giampietro Casasanta: Glaciology and Atmospheric Remote Sensing,
1404:
6139:
6083:
896:
Launched in 2007, PAIX the first robotic multi-color Antarctica
731:
65:
9225:
9032:
7389:
6062:
6014:
5378:
5364:
5354:
5283:
5269:
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5213:
5199:
5185:
5105:
5077:
5049:
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4927:
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4857:
4843:
4829:
4787:
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4707:
4679:
4609:
4595:
4543:
4529:
4515:
4501:
4473:
4431:
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4393:
4365:
4351:
4337:
4225:
4176:
4134:
4089:
4047:
4033:
4019:
3981:
3953:
3939:
3925:
3886:
3830:
3807:
Andrea Tosti: Information and Communications Technology (ICT).
3778:
3750:
3736:
3722:
3680:
3600:
3555:
3546:
Benoit Joncheray: Plumbing and Heating Engineering Technician,
3527:
3499:
3471:
3443:
3370:
3356:
3342:
3328:
3286:
3263:
Paride Legovini: Physicist, Electronic technician for science,
3258:
3244:
3202:
3150:
3136:
3094:
3066:
3052:
3038:
3024:
3010:
2996:
2982:
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2887:
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2831:
2817:
2789:
2751:
2737:
2723:
2681:
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2625:
2611:
2559:
2517:
2475:
2447:
2419:
2391:
2367:
2353:
2325:
2311:
2297:
2283:
2269:
2241:
2189:
2119:
2091:
2077:
2049:
2035:
2021:
1980:
1924:
1896:
1882:
1868:
1840:
1826:
1812:
1771:
1757:
1729:
1701:
1673:
1645:
1612:
1594:
1580:
1562:
1550:
1540:
1522:
1508:
1494:
1462:
1448:
1416:
874:
678:
474:
419:
267:
240:
150:
Concordia Research Station at Dome Circe, Charlie or Concordia.
5274:
Frederic Sergent: Technical Chief, Electric Central Mechanic,
5068:
Damien Pessieau: Plumbing and Heating Engineering Technician,
4080:
Florentin Camus: Plumbing and Heating Engineering Technician,
9354:
8835:
8076:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7201:
6436:
5870:"New year's mission to start new phase of exoplanet research"
5393:
5311:
5227:
5171:
5157:
5143:
5119:
5091:
5063:
5035:
4993:
4913:
4885:
4871:
4815:
4801:
4773:
4749:
4693:
4665:
4651:
4637:
4623:
4557:
4487:
4459:
4445:
4379:
4356:
Julien Le Goff: Plumbing and Heating Engineering Technician,
4323:
4309:
4295:
4267:
4253:
4239:
4187:
4162:
4148:
4103:
4075:
4061:
4005:
3967:
3900:
3872:
3858:
3844:
3816:
3802:
3764:
3666:
3652:
3638:
3624:
3569:
3513:
3485:
3457:
3429:
3406:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) on 23 September 2015
3314:
3300:
3272:
3230:
3216:
3178:
3164:
3122:
3108:
3080:
2915:
2901:
2873:
2845:
2765:
2709:
2695:
2667:
2639:
2583:
2545:
2531:
2503:
2489:
2461:
2433:
2255:
2227:
2213:
2175:
2161:
2147:
2133:
2105:
2063:
1994:
1966:
1952:
1938:
1910:
1854:
1743:
1715:
1687:
1659:
1480:
1434:
926:
910:
855:
508:
478:
254:
3793:
Simone Chicarella: Electronics for Science, Station Leader,
893:, and the overall seeing is somewhat around 1.0 arcseconds.
9108:
8869:
3930:
Alexis Robin: Plumbing and Heating Engineering Technician,
863:
5545:"What life is like in the most remote corner of the world"
4984:
Davide Carlucci: Station Leader, Electronics for Science,
9259:
8922:
4024:
Coline Bouchayeur: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
3377:
During the 2014 Antarctic winter Concordia was an active
847:
482:
5799:
4614:
Fabio Borgognoni: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
4577:
4066:
Filippo Cali' Quaglia: Atmospheric Science and Climate,
3434:
Yannick Marin: Technical Manager and Electrical motors,
438:
and 1,200 km (750 mi) inland from the Italian
5959:"Vivi con noi la XXIX Spedidione italiana in Antartide"
5621:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
4947:
4932:
Julien Witwicky: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
4755:
3987:
3784:
6084:"Vivi con noi la XXX Spedizione italiana in Antartide"
5125:
4408:
Camille BrΓ©ant: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
4399:
4258:
Giuditta Celli: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
4193:
3755:
Simonetta Montaguti: Atmospheric Science and Climate,
3169:
Simonetta Montaguti: atmospheric science and climate,
2934:
Sebastien Aubin: glaciologist, atmospheric chemistry,
2728:
Ilann Bourgeois: atmospheric chemistry, glaciologist,
511:
and the construction of a permanent research station.
434:, 1,100 km (680 mi) inland from Australia's
6220:
5775:
http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2010A%26A...516L..15C}
5749:
http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2009A%26A...500.1271V}
4600:
Dennis Appere: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
4520:
Inès Ollivier: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
3863:
Laura Caiazzo: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
3769:
Nicole Hueber: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
3462:
Roxanne Jacob: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
3411:
3319:
Olivier Haye: Technical Chief, plumbing and heating,
3155:
Antonio Litterio: electronic technician for science,
2892:
Mattia Bonazza: glaciologist, atmospheric chemistry,
2358:
Jonathan Zaccaria: radio, computer, science support,
1901:
Federico Miliacca: computers and telecommunications,
509:
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA)
5834:(Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III): 77334T.
5246:
Manon Mastin: Glaciologist and Atmospheric Chemist,
3606:
2864:
Roberto D'Amato: informatician, telecommunications,
2565:
1585:
Jean-François Jurvilliers: multipurpose technician,
61:
6308:
6140:
Official website of the Italian Antarctic Programme
5951:
5788:
http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2014AJ....148...88C}
5260:Giovani Rosario: Plumbing and Heating Engineering,
5096:Damien Till: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
4792:Angelo Galeandro: Atmospheric Science and Climate,
4384:Julien MoyΓ©: Glaciology and Atmospheric Chemistry,
2771:
2003:
1627:
57:
a machine-translated version of the French article.
8414:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
6076:
5762:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PASP..124..494G}
5454:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
5441:
5439:
4492:Vivien Koutcheroff: Plumbing and Technical Chief,
3958:Alfonso Ferrone: Atmospheric Science and Climate,
3685:Floris van den Berg: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
3184:
3099:Elio Padoan: glaciologist, atmospheric chemistry,
2964:
2373:
2195:
1794:
1386:
4506:Wenceslas Marie Sainte: Electronics for Science,
2742:Pascal Robert: technician seismology, magnetism,
9499:
6171:Chronicles from Concordia - winter over ESA blog
5569:Salam, Alex (2009). "The coldest job on earth".
5436:
3615:Vitale Stanzione: Station Leader, Glaciology,
3591:RΓ©mi Puaud: Electrical Engineering Technician,
3347:Igor Petenko: Atmospheric science and climate,
3291:Tommaso Nicosia: Computer, telecommunications,
2987:Evangelos Kaimakamis: ESA biomedical research,
2973:Anne-Marie Courant: station leader, physician,
2948:Igor Petenko: atmospheric science and climate,
2180:Jean-François Vanacker: station leader, radio,
1453:Pascal Bordais: radio, electronics, computers,
8655:
3905:Carole Dangoisse: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
3071:Bruno Epifania: computer, telecommunications,
2658:Paolo Perfetti: computer, telecommunications,
1636:Minh Ly Pham Minh: station leader, physician,
86:accompanying your translation by providing an
48:Click for important translation instructions.
35:expand this article with text translated from
9089:
8641:
8092:
7804:
6294:
6105:"Concordia: al via la 18a Campagna Invernale"
5012:Sascha Freigang: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
4202:Nadja Albertsen: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
2452:Boris Padovan: computer, telecommunications,
778:
5830:. Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III.
5288:Jessica Studer: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
4726:Nicholas Smith: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
4464:Sylvain Guesnier: Chief of the power plant,
1957:Pietro di Felice: station leader, engineer,
473:. It is jointly operated by scientists from
98:{{Translated|fr|Base antarctique Concordia}}
4848:Hannes Hagson: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
4562:Stijn Thoolen: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
3996:Moreno Baricevic: Electronics for Science,
3235:Adrianos Golemis: ESA biomedical research,
2686:Domenico Romano: astronomer, glaciologist,
9096:
9082:
8648:
8634:
8099:
8085:
7818:
7811:
7797:
6301:
6287:
6205:5th Winterover at Concordia Station (2009)
6196:2nd Winterover at Concordia Station (2006)
6187:1st Winterover at Concordia Station (2005)
5884:
5872:. University of Birmingham. 6 January 2022
3877:SΓ©bastien Jullien-Palletier: Electrician,
3657:Luciano Milano: Electronics for Science,
1617:National Antarctic Research Program β PNRA
9103:
5632:
5593:
5232:Quentin Lecoutey: Mechanic and Vehicles,
3518:Benoit Laurent: Electronics for Science,
3015:Christophe Leroy Dos Santos: astronomer,
2588:Eoin MacDonald: ESA biomedical research,
2260:Caroline Jullian: atmospheric chemistry,
168:
6055:
5977:
5754:
5218:Mario Lecca: Physics of the Atmosphere,
4656:Giuseppina Canestrelli: Medical Doctor,
2382:Jean-François Vanacker: station leader,
1390:
810:
730:
406:
231:
9533:Research institutes established in 2005
6003:
5665:
5325:List of research stations in Antarctica
4712:Jean-François Roques: Technical Chief,
2836:Alessandro Bambini: electrotechnician,
2574:Andrea Cesana: station leader, doctor,
2522:Lorenzo Moggio: atmospheric chemistry,
2204:Massimiliano Faiella: technical chief,
450:is 560 km (350 mi) away. The
245:
9500:
9340:Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition
9323:Mars Analogue Research Station Program
5542:
4628:Marco Buttu: Electronics for Science,
2438:Arthur Le Forestier: technical chief,
2288:Eric Lotz: station leader, physician,
9077:
8629:
8080:
7792:
7220:
6789:
6320:
6282:
6063:"IZ3SUS - Callsign Lookup by QRZ.COM"
5821:
5741:
5568:
4578:Seventeenth winter-over (DC17 β 2021)
3560:Lorenzo Moggio: Atmospheric physics,
2396:Ales Rybka: ESA biomedical research,
2330:Alex Salam: ESA biomedical research,
854:sky emission, the high percentage of
792:In the 1970s, Dome C was the site of
8605:
5611:
5473:from the original on 22 October 2022
5204:Julien Laurancy: Electrotechnician,
5134:Marco Buttu: Electronic of Science,
4948:Nineteenth winter-over (DC19 β 2023)
4756:Eighteenth winter-over (DC18 β 2022)
3988:Fourteenth winter-over (DC14 β 2018)
3785:Thirteenth winter-over (DC13 β 2017)
3305:Daniele Tavagnacco: Astrophysicist,
2644:Sergeant Frederic: technical chief,
1439:Christophe Mozer: powerhouse chief,
804:
17:
6029:
5126:Twentieth winter-over (DC20 β 2024)
4890:Frederic Sergent: Technical Chief,
4400:Sixteenth winter-over (DC16 β 2020)
4300:Gianluca Ghiselli: Medical Doctor,
4275:: Atmospheric Science and Climate,
4194:Fifteenth winter-over (DC15 β 2019)
2808:Barbara Grolla: nurse anesthetist,
1985:Alessandro Iacomino: glaciologist,
1485:Claire Le Calvez: technical chief,
759:at 1,200 kilometres (750 mi).
598:National Antarctic Research Program
498:University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis
13:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8692:
6132:Official website Concordia Station
5040:Vincent Morel: Electrotechnician,
4450:Loredana Faraldi: Medical Doctor,
3699:Georges Karakasidis: Electrician,
3629:Elvio Lazzarini: Medical Doctor,
3412:Eleventh winter-over (DC11 β 2015)
3193:Bruno Limouzy: Electrical motors,
2166:Riccardo Schioppo: climatologist,
1720:Shaun Deshommes: technical chief,
545:The last take-off in February 2015
14:
9544:
9513:2005 establishments in Antarctica
9120:List of crewed Mars mission plans
6122:
5340:AmundsenβScott South Pole Station
4998:StΓ©phane Fraize: Medical Doctor,
4342:Bertrand Laine: Technical Chief,
3727:Olivier Leloir: Technical Chief,
3607:Twelfth winter-over (DC12 β 2016)
3277:Julien Ribet: Electrotechnician,
2850:Stephane Calvo: technical chief,
2756:Angelo Galeandro: meteorologist,
2566:Seventh winter-over (DC07 β 2011)
2424:Alessandro Bambini: electrician,
2152:Lucia Sabbatini: astrophysicist,
1845:Maurizio Busetto: climatologist,
1615:(under contract with the Italian
521:
467:AmundsenβScott South Pole Station
181:Location of Condordia Station in
9224:
9057:
8767:
8604:
8595:
8594:
8354:
6266:
6254:
6242:
6230:
5543:Akshat, Rathi (14 August 2015).
5304:
5290:
5276:
5262:
5248:
5234:
5220:
5206:
5192:
5178:
5164:
5150:
5136:
5112:
5098:
5084:
5070:
5056:
5042:
5028:
5014:
5000:
4986:
4972:
4958:
4934:
4920:
4906:
4892:
4878:
4864:
4850:
4836:
4822:
4808:
4794:
4780:
4766:
4742:
4728:
4714:
4700:
4686:
4672:
4658:
4644:
4630:
4616:
4602:
4588:
4564:
4550:
4536:
4522:
4508:
4494:
4480:
4466:
4452:
4438:
4424:
4410:
4386:
4372:
4358:
4344:
4330:
4316:
4302:
4288:
4277:
4260:
4246:
4232:
4218:
4204:
4180:
4169:
4155:
4141:
4139:Alberto Razeto: Medical Doctor,
4127:
4113:
4096:
4082:
4068:
4054:
4040:
4026:
4012:
3998:
3974:
3960:
3946:
3932:
3918:
3907:
3893:
3879:
3865:
3851:
3837:
3823:
3821:Didier L'HΓ΄te: Technical Chief,
3809:
3795:
3771:
3757:
3743:
3729:
3715:
3701:
3687:
3673:
3659:
3645:
3631:
3617:
3593:
3579:
3562:
3548:
3534:
3520:
3506:
3492:
3478:
3464:
3450:
3436:
3422:
3393:XK2100L transceiver with a 150W
3363:
3349:
3335:
3321:
3307:
3293:
3279:
3265:
3251:
3237:
3223:
3209:
3195:
3171:
3157:
3143:
3129:
3115:
3101:
3087:
3073:
3059:
3057:Yannick Marin: technical chief,
3045:
3043:Jean Gabriel Coll: electrician,
3031:
3017:
3003:
2989:
2975:
2950:
2936:
2922:
2908:
2894:
2880:
2866:
2852:
2838:
2824:
2810:
2796:
2782:
2772:Eighth winter-over (DC08 β 2012)
2758:
2744:
2730:
2716:
2702:
2688:
2674:
2660:
2646:
2632:
2630:Alessandro Giusto: electrician,
2618:
2604:
2590:
2576:
2552:
2538:
2524:
2510:
2496:
2482:
2480:Daniele Karlicek: glaciologist,
2468:
2454:
2440:
2426:
2412:
2398:
2384:
2360:
2346:
2332:
2318:
2304:
2290:
2276:
2262:
2248:
2234:
2220:
2206:
2182:
2168:
2154:
2140:
2126:
2112:
2110:Patrick LeRoy: technical chief,
2098:
2084:
2070:
2056:
2042:
2028:
2014:
2004:Fourth winter-over (DC04 β 2008)
1987:
1973:
1959:
1945:
1931:
1917:
1903:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1819:
1805:
1778:
1764:
1750:
1736:
1722:
1708:
1694:
1680:
1666:
1652:
1638:
1628:Second winter-over (DC02 β 2006)
1605:
1587:
1573:
1555:
1533:
1527:Abdelkarim Agabi (Karim Agabi):
1515:
1501:
1487:
1473:
1455:
1441:
1427:
1409:
809:
539:
500:and Pr. Giorgio Dall'Oglio from
247:
233:
167:
160:
144:
22:
6310:Research stations in Antarctica
6216:COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Map
6097:
5933:"89625: Concordia (Antarctica)"
5925:
5907:"89625: Concordia (Antarctica)"
5899:
5862:
5815:
5793:
5780:
5767:
5190:Fanny Larcher: Medical Doctor,
4038:Andre Bourre: Technical Chief,
3835:Aldo Clemenza: Medical Doctor,
3448:Antonietta Roveran: Physician,
3185:Tenth winter-over (DC10 β 2014)
2965:Ninth winter-over (DC09 β 2013)
2822:Guillaume Bouchez: astronomer,
2374:Sixth winter-over (DC06 β 2010)
2196:Fifth winter-over (DC05 β 2009)
2096:Daniele Frosini: glaciologist,
2026:Laurent Bonnardot: biomedical,
1817:Jean-Pierre Pillisio: plumber,
1795:Third winter-over (DC03 β 2007)
1678:Lucia Agnoletto: seismologist,
1387:First winter-over (DC01 β 2005)
960:Dome C does not experience the
9166:Austere Human Missions to Mars
9015:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
8742:German Space Operations Center
8106:
6321:
5562:
5536:
5510:
5485:
5335:List of airports in Antarctica
4806:Thomas Gasparetto: Astronomy,
4778:Fabien Farge: Medical Doctor,
4328:Thibault Gillet: Electrician,
4111:: ESA Biomedical Research MD,
3389:radio equipment consists in a
2550:Sylvain Lafont: glaciologist,
2082:Laurent Fromont: electrician,
1873:Nicolas Le Parc: electrician,
1803:François Jeanneaux: engineer,
1748:JosΓ© Dos Santos: electrician,
1403:Michel Munoz: station leader,
1377:
909:. PAIX achieves astrophysical
762:
496:In 1995, Pr. Jean Vernin from
456:Australian Antarctic Territory
96:You may also add the template
1:
9287:Mars Design Reference Mission
5430:
5330:List of Antarctic field camps
5176:Vincent Deloupy: Astronomer,
4970:Rudy Bunel: Technical Chief,
4862:Alessia Nicosia: Glaciology,
4820:Nicolas Girard: Electrician,
4670:Charles Delgrange: Mechanic,
2714:Vivien Koutcheroff: plumber,
2602:Djamel Mekarnia: astronomer,
2316:Cyprien Pouzenc: astronomer,
2302:Denis Petermann: astronomer,
2068:SΓ©bastien Denamur: mechanic,
2040:Zalpha Challita: astronomer,
1971:Benedict Cuisset: technical,
1915:Djamel MΓ©karnia: astronomer,
1887:Christophe Choley: mechanic,
1513:Jean-Louis Duraffourg: chef,
1499:Michel Galland: electrician,
787:
634:10,725 ft / 3,269 m
310:3,233 m (10,607 ft)
9270:Space Exploration Initiative
9212:Vision for Space Exploration
9171:Mars Piloted Orbital Station
8998:European Retrievable Carrier
5809:Astronomy & Astrophysics
5026:Jacopo Lucini Paioni: Chef,
4586:CΓ©dric Albert: Electrician,
3532:Markus Wildi: Astrophysics,
3490:Guillaume Poirot: Mechanic,
3221:Tindari Ceraolo: Physician,
3001:Helene Faradji: astronomer,
2508:Jean-Marie Moysan: plumber,
2246:Laura Genoni: glaciologist,
2124:Fabrizio Martinet: plumber,
1929:Runa Briguglio: astronomer,
1859:Yvan Levy: technical chief,
1776:Marius Aiyenero: scientist,
820:appears to contradict itself
800:
526:Airport in Antarctic Plateau
7:
8941:International Space Station
6211:COMNAP Antarctic Facilities
6011:"Paride Legovini's Website"
5456:. August 2017. p. 73.
5447:Antarctic Station Catalogue
5317:
4534:Bastien Prat: Electrician,
3577:: ESA Biomedical Research,
3361:Xavier Joffrin: Astronomy,
3333:Cecile Lenormant: Chemist,
2878:Bruno Limouzy: mecanician,
2616:Eric Aristidi: astronomer,
2466:Christophe Rouy: mechanic,
2274:Alexander Leluc: mechanic,
2012:Erick Bondoux: astronomer,
1943:Giuseppe Soriani: surgeon,
1692:Eric Aristidi: astronomer,
1650:Michele Impara: computers,
1230:Mean daily minimum Β°C (Β°F)
1090:Mean daily maximum Β°C (Β°F)
971:Climate data for Concordia
514:The new all-year facility,
10:
9549:
7221:
6790:
5054:Domenico Mura: Astronomy,
4436:Andrea Ceinini: Mechanic,
4125:Jacques Rattel: Mechanic,
3671:Bertrand Bonnefoy: Chef,
3249:Pierre Pejoine: Mechanic,
3127:Olivier DelanoΓ«: Plumber,
3029:Yann Reinert: astronomer,
2344:Eric Tragin: electrician,
1734:Elyseo D'Eramo: mechanic,
1706:Omar Cerri: glaciologist,
1369:
970:
935:
779:Human biology and medicine
488:
416:Concordia Research Station
60:Machine translation, like
9432:
9389:
9363:
9302:
9233:
9222:
9184:
9158:
9137:
9128:
9115:
9053:
9041:Tethered Satellite System
8990:
8914:
8907:
8862:
8827:
8811:
8804:
8755:
8732:European Astronaut Centre
8724:
8690:
8666:
8590:
8543:
8442:
8406:
8363:
8352:
8307:
8256:
8179:
8114:
7826:
7227:
7216:
6796:
6785:
6694:
6666:
6643:
6605:
6582:
6463:
6435:
6402:
6374:
6331:
6327:
6316:
5939:. OGIMET. 31 January 2023
5350:Concordia Subglacial Lake
4918:Pierre Supiot: Mechanic,
4314:Daniele Giambruno: Chef,
4216:Damien Beloin: Mechanic,
2536:Rosa Forgittoni: doctor,
2410:Karim Agabi: astronomer,
2232:William Frinot: plumber,
1299:
1229:
1159:
1089:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
698:
695:
690:
686:
677:
638:
627:
617:
607:
593:
585:
580:
550:
538:
531:
401:Institut Polaire Français
394:
369:
361:
353:
345:
335:
327:
319:
314:
306:
291:
277:
261:
227:
192:
155:
143:
134:
127:
37:the corresponding article
9518:France and the Antarctic
8674:European Astronaut Corps
8264:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
5735:15 February 2006 at the
5493:"AT03 Concordia Station"
5389:Dumont d'Urville Station
4956:Claude Blanc: Mechanic,
4273:Meganne Louise Christian
4052:Marco Buttu: Astronomy,
4010:Remi Bras: Electrician,
3891:Yuri de PrΓ : Astronomy,
3741:Gaetan Quere: Mechanic,
2920:GΓ©rard GuΓ©rin: plumber,
2700:Andrea Ballarini: chef,
2138:Roberto Rainis: doctor,
1762:Miguel Ravoux: plumber,
818:This article or section
745:Dumont d'Urville Station
739:to Dome C (January 2005)
737:Dumont d'Urville Station
212:75.099780Β°S 123.332196Β°E
9523:Italy and the Antarctic
9250:Martian Piloted Complex
8847:European Service Module
8737:Columbus Control Centre
7561:Pole of Inaccessibility
5913:. OGIMET. 18 March 2022
5896:Retrieved on 2014-12-12
5082:Luca Rago: Glaciology,
4684:Simone Marcolin: Chef,
4230:Ivan Bruni: Astronomy,
3972:Paul Serre: Chemistry,
3944:Pol Monfort: Mechanic,
3849:Simone Marcolin: Chef,
3085:Simon Reuze: mechanic,
2672:David Colin: mechanic,
2218:Domenico Fasano: chef,
858:-free time and the low
662:75.103278Β°S 123.35825Β°E
107:For more guidance, see
9508:Outposts of Antarctica
9482:Mars atmospheric entry
9003:Hubble Space Telescope
8718:
8711:
8704:
8697:
7820:Airports in Antarctica
6156:IPEV Concordia Station
4904:Marco Smerilli: Chef,
4153:Marco Smerilli: Chef,
3207:Giorgio Deidda: Chef,
2906:Giorgio Deidda: chef,
2494:Giorgio Deidda: chef,
2054:Giorgio Deidda: chef,
1664:LoΓ―c Le Bechec: chef,
1567:Jean Elegoet: vehicle
1396:
740:
412:
263:Location in Antarctica
217:-75.099780; 123.332196
9528:Human analog missions
9472:Mars orbit rendezvous
9414:Mars Excursion Module
9371:Caves of Mars Project
9197:Constellation program
9063:European Space Agency
8863:Retired and cancelled
8768:Concordia winterovers
8717:
8710:
8703:
8696:
6161:16 March 2011 at the
3113:Luigi Vailati: chef,
1831:Carlos Marsal: chef,
1394:
828:for more information.
734:
667:-75.103278; 123.35825
471:Geographic South Pole
452:Geographic South Pole
410:
109:Knowledge:Translation
80:copyright attribution
9477:Terraforming of Mars
9440:Colonization of Mars
8828:Planned and proposed
8756:Earth-based research
6872:St. Kliment Ohridski
5424:List of Mars analogs
5409:Neumayer Station III
5162:Sergio Cosma: Chef,
4422:Elisa Calmon: Chef,
1467:Emanuele Salvietti:
1421:Roberto Dicasilati:
1020:Record high Β°C (Β°F)
921:fields, challenging
481:and regularly hosts
9445:Exploration of Mars
9150:SpaceX Mars program
9008:Faint Object Camera
8778:European Space Camp
8577:Robert Falcon Scott
8234:South magnetic pole
8192:Antarctic Peninsula
8187:Biogeographic realm
7122:Gabriel de Castilla
5840:2010SPIE.7733E..4TD
5701:10.1038/nature02929
5693:2004Natur.431..278L
5643:2006PASP..118..344A
3476:Luca Ficara: Chef,
3391:Rohde & Schwarz
1599:Guillaume Dargaud:
1545:StΓ©phane Beausire:
1300:Record low Β°C (Β°F)
1160:Daily mean Β°C (Β°F)
755:flying from DDU or
658: /
328: β’ Winter
320: β’ Summer
208: /
8908:Mission highlights
8719:
8712:
8705:
8698:
8515:Telecommunications
8429:Territorial claims
7981:Princess Elisabeth
7881:King George Island
6860:Princess Elisabeth
5730:FAQ by the authors
5607:on 3 January 2006.
5497:Airport Nav Finder
1397:
901:study the stellar
741:
502:University of Rome
465:(Russian) and the
413:
88:interlanguage link
9495:
9494:
9404:Crewed Mars rover
9345:Concordia Station
9281:The Case for Mars
9220:
9219:
9071:
9070:
9049:
9048:
8903:
8902:
8747:Concordia Station
8660:human spaceflight
8623:
8622:
8582:Ernest Shackleton
8510:Research stations
8455:Antarctic English
8424:National programs
8419:Military activity
8393:COVID-19 pandemic
8350:
8349:
8219:Floristic Kingdom
8124:Antarctic sea ice
8074:
8073:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7322:Drescher Ice Camp
7212:
7211:
6781:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6707:Comandante Ferraz
6427:Profesor Escudero
6417:General O'Higgins
5848:10.1117/12.854946
5726:on 25 March 2006.
5687:(7006): 278β281.
5579:10.1136/bmj.b2453
5524:. 11 January 2017
5463:978-0-473-40409-3
5419:Zucchelli Station
1374:
1373:
889:of about 0.3-0.4
843:
842:
773:south polar skuas
757:Zucchelli Station
729:
728:
725:
724:
612:Antarctic Plateau
516:Concordia Station
440:Zucchelli Station
424:Antarctic Plateau
405:
404:
272:Antarctic Plateau
175:Concordia Station
129:Concordia Station
120:
119:
49:
45:
9540:
9244:The Mars Project
9228:
9207:Inspiration Mars
9192:Aurora programme
9135:
9134:
9098:
9091:
9084:
9075:
9074:
9061:
8912:
8911:
8809:
8808:
8679:ISS contribution
8650:
8643:
8636:
8627:
8626:
8608:
8607:
8598:
8597:
8572:James Clark Ross
8544:Famous explorers
8358:
8177:
8176:
8101:
8094:
8087:
8078:
8077:
7941:Novolazarevskaya
7921:McMurdo Williams
7813:
7806:
7799:
7790:
7789:
7773:
7603:
7586:
7574:
7557:
7535:
7493:
7361:Dakshin Gangotri
7345:
7218:
7217:
6787:
6786:
6625:Novolazarevskaya
6493:Dumont d'Urville
6329:
6328:
6318:
6317:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6280:
6279:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6226:
6203:
6194:
6185:
6177:
6169:
6154:
6146:
6138:
6130:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6107:. Italiantartide
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6043:on 13 April 2014
6039:. Archived from
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6017:on 15 March 2014
6013:. Archived from
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5991:on 15 March 2014
5987:. Archived from
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5965:on 15 March 2014
5961:. Archived from
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5806:
5797:
5791:
5784:
5778:
5771:
5765:
5758:
5752:
5745:
5739:
5727:
5725:
5719:. Archived from
5678:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5636:
5634:astro-ph/0510418
5627:(840): 344β348.
5615:
5609:
5608:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5472:
5451:
5443:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2018:
2017:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1593:
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1590:
1579:
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1576:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1521:
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1518:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1491:
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1479:
1477:
1476:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1415:
1413:
1412:
968:
967:
917:measurements of
838:
835:
829:
813:
812:
805:
688:
687:
681:
673:
672:
670:
669:
668:
663:
659:
656:
655:
654:
651:
573:
572:
562:
543:
533:Concordia Skiway
529:
528:
432:Dumont D'Urville
302:
300:
257:
253:
251:
250:
243:
239:
237:
236:
223:
222:
220:
219:
218:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
171:
170:
164:
148:
125:
124:
99:
93:
66:Google Translate
47:
43:
26:
25:
18:
9548:
9547:
9543:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9538:
9537:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9491:
9428:
9391:
9385:
9359:
9306:
9298:
9235:
9229:
9216:
9180:
9154:
9130:
9124:
9111:
9102:
9072:
9067:
9045:
8986:
8899:
8858:
8823:
8805:Spacecraft used
8800:
8751:
8720:
8688:
8662:
8654:
8624:
8619:
8586:
8556:Richard E. Byrd
8539:
8500:Protected areas
8438:
8402:
8359:
8346:
8303:
8257:Bodies of Water
8252:
8241:West Antarctica
8197:East Antarctica
8175:
8110:
8105:
8075:
8070:
8031:Thiel Mountains
7916:McMurdo Phoenix
7822:
7817:
7787:
7778:
7767:
7753:World Park Base
7731:Little Rockford
7597:
7580:
7568:
7551:
7529:
7487:
7339:
7223:
7208:
6909:Julio Ripamonti
6894:GonzΓ‘lez Videla
6806:Almirante Brown
6792:
6773:
6690:
6662:
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6578:
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6422:Presidente Frei
6398:
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5723:
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5367:(also known as
5320:
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3385:IA/IZ3SUS. The
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2015:
2013:
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1988:
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1960:
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1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
962:katabatic winds
945:ice cap climate
938:
919:stellar physics
866:content of the
839:
833:
830:
824:Please see the
823:
814:
803:
790:
781:
765:
679:
666:
664:
660:
657:
652:
649:
647:
645:
644:
628:Elevation
600:
576:
570:
565:
554:
546:
534:
527:
524:
491:
390:
378:
377:
298:
296:
284:
278:Administered by
270:
248:
246:
244:
234:
232:
216:
214:
210:
207:
202:
199:
197:
195:
194:
188:
187:
186:
185:
179:
178:
177:
176:
172:
151:
139:
130:
123:
116:
115:
114:
97:
91:
50:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
9546:
9536:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9447:
9442:
9436:
9434:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9395:
9393:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9383:
9378:
9376:Mars Institute
9373:
9367:
9365:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9336:
9335:
9330:
9320:
9314:
9312:
9300:
9299:
9297:
9296:
9295:
9294:
9284:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9239:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9188:
9186:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9147:
9145:Mars Base Camp
9141:
9139:
9132:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9101:
9100:
9093:
9086:
9078:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9054:
9051:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9043:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9029:
9017:
9012:
9011:
9010:
9000:
8994:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8983:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8949:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8931:
8918:
8916:
8915:Space stations
8909:
8905:
8904:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8866:
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8859:
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8856:
8851:
8850:
8849:
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8806:
8802:
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8799:
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8759:
8757:
8753:
8752:
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8728:
8726:
8722:
8721:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8670:
8668:
8664:
8663:
8653:
8652:
8645:
8638:
8630:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8602:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8566:Ui-te-Rangiora
8563:
8561:Douglas Mawson
8558:
8553:
8551:Roald Amundsen
8547:
8545:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8490:Gateway cities
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8450:Antarctica Day
8446:
8444:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8410:
8408:
8404:
8403:
8401:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8369:
8367:
8361:
8360:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8322:
8320:Microorganisms
8317:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8284:List of rivers
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8214:Extreme points
8211:
8210:
8209:
8204:
8194:
8189:
8183:
8181:
8174:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8142:
8141:
8136:
8134:Climate change
8126:
8120:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8104:
8103:
8096:
8089:
8081:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7816:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7793:
7784:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7760:Joint Stations
7757:
7756:
7755:
7745:
7744:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7726:Little America
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7609:United Kingdom
7606:
7605:
7604:
7592:
7587:
7575:
7566:Salyut Station
7563:
7558:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7477:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7377:
7376:
7375:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7268:
7267:
7266:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7202:Elichiribehety
7194:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7163:United Kingdom
7160:
7159:
7158:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7141:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7090:Leningradskaya
7082:
7081:
7080:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7046:
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7350:
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7338:
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7330:
7328:
7327:Georg Forster
7325:
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7320:
7319:
7318:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
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7293:Arturo Parodi
7291:
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7288:Aguirre Cerda
7286:
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7276:King Baudouin
7274:
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7180:United States
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7128:
7127:Juan Carlos I
7125:
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7119:
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7095:Molodyozhnaya
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6919:Union Glacier
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6697:
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6687:
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6682:
6679:
6677:
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6668:United States
6665:
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6650:
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5990:
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5539:
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5513:
5498:
5494:
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5465:
5459:
5455:
5452:(catalogue).
5448:
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5360:
5356:
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5348:
5346:
5345:Casey Station
5343:
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3419:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3379:amateur radio
3372:
3360:
3358:
3346:
3344:
3332:
3330:
3318:
3316:
3304:
3302:
3290:
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2998:
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2201:
2191:
2179:
2177:
2165:
2163:
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2149:
2137:
2135:
2123:
2121:
2109:
2107:
2095:
2093:
2081:
2079:
2067:
2065:
2053:
2051:
2039:
2037:
2025:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1984:
1982:
1970:
1968:
1956:
1954:
1942:
1940:
1928:
1926:
1914:
1912:
1900:
1898:
1886:
1884:
1872:
1870:
1858:
1856:
1844:
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1830:
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1816:
1814:
1802:
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1792:
1787:
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1761:
1759:
1747:
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1733:
1731:
1719:
1717:
1705:
1703:
1691:
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1677:
1675:
1663:
1661:
1649:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1602:
1601:climatologist
1598:
1596:
1584:
1582:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1530:
1526:
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1470:
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1452:
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1438:
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1424:
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1406:
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1400:
1393:
1384:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1352:
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1342:
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1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1292:
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1237:
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1197:
1192:
1187:
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1172:
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1158:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
974:
969:
965:
963:
958:
955:
953:
950:
946:
943:
933:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
894:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
837:
827:
821:
816:
807:
806:
798:
795:
785:
776:
774:
770:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
738:
733:
720:
717:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
702:
693:
689:
685:
682:
676:
671:
643:
641:
637:
633:
631:
626:
622:
620:
616:
613:
610:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
552:
549:
542:
537:
530:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Casey Station
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
409:
400:
397:
393:
386:
383:
381:Human biology
380:
379:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
309:
305:
294:
290:
287:
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
264:
260:
256:
242:
230:
226:
221:
193:Coordinates:
191:
184:
163:
154:
147:
142:
138:
133:
126:
110:
106:
103:
95:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
52:
46:
40:
38:
33:You can help
29:
20:
19:
16:
9399:Mars habitat
9381:Mars Society
9344:
9304:Mars analogs
9279:
9242:
9234:20th-century
9176:Mars to Stay
9129:21st-century
9031:
9024:
8975:
8968:
8961:
8954:
8921:
8834:
8792:
8746:
8684:ISS research
8480:Firefighting
8465:Demographics
8388:Colonization
8383:World War II
7901:Marble Point
7871:Fossil Bluff
7845:
7759:
7747:
7690:
7619:Port Lockroy
7608:
7578:Sodruzhestvo
7512:Druzhnaya IV
7502:Druzhnaya II
7480:Soviet Union
7479:
7473:Sarie Marais
7448:South Africa
7447:
7435:
7418:
7401:
7379:
7373:Giacomo Bove
7367:
7355:
7316:
7299:
7282:
7270:
7258:
7242:Belgrano III
7231:
7196:
7179:
7168:Fossil Bluff
7162:
7150:
7133:
7116:
7084:
7078:Law-RacoviΘΔ
7072:
7060:
7054:Machu Picchu
7048:
7036:
7024:
7012:
7000:
6983:
6971:
6959:
6947:
6930:
6904:Jorge Boonen
6878:
6866:
6854:
6842:
6800:
6761:
6749:
6738:South Africa
6737:
6725:
6713:
6701:
6559:
6547:
6535:
6523:
6516:
6511:
6505:Neumayer III
6499:
6487:
6482:
6470:
6412:Captain Prat
6184:(in English)
6176:(in English)
6168:(in English)
6137:(in Italian)
6129:(in Italian)
6109:. Retrieved
6099:
6087:. Retrieved
6078:
6066:. Retrieved
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6041:the original
6031:
6019:. Retrieved
6015:the original
6005:
5993:. Retrieved
5989:the original
5979:
5967:. Retrieved
5963:the original
5953:
5941:. Retrieved
5936:
5927:
5915:. Retrieved
5910:
5901:
5886:
5874:. Retrieved
5864:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5808:
5795:
5782:
5769:
5756:
5743:
5721:the original
5684:
5680:
5667:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5605:the original
5595:
5570:
5564:
5552:. Retrieved
5538:
5526:. Retrieved
5521:
5512:
5500:. Retrieved
5496:
5487:
5475:. Retrieved
5372:
5369:Dome Charlie
5368:
5295:
5129:
4951:
4759:
4581:
4403:
4197:
3991:
3788:
3610:
3539:
3415:
3399:
3376:
3188:
2968:
2775:
2569:
2377:
2199:
2007:
1999:
1798:
1790:
1631:
1622:
1469:glaciologist
1398:
1381:
959:
956:
951:
939:
931:
903:oscillations
895:
883:
872:
844:
831:
819:
791:
782:
766:
753:Basler BT-67
742:
586:Airport type
559:
515:
513:
506:
495:
492:
485:scientists.
460:
415:
414:
84:edit summary
75:
42:
34:
15:
9467:Mars cycler
9419:Mars lander
9275:Mars Direct
9265:Ride Report
8977:Tranquility
8934:Interkosmos
8890:Soyuz TMA-M
8796:Airbus A310
8568:(legendary)
8475:Field camps
8373:Expeditions
8299:Weddell Sea
8279:Lake Vostok
8274:Lake Mercer
8146:Ice shelves
8056:Wolf's Fang
8046:WAIS Divide
7911:McMurdo Ice
7866:Enigma Lake
7768: [
7598: [
7581: [
7569: [
7552: [
7544:Pionerskaya
7530: [
7497:Druzhnaya I
7488: [
7441:Dobrowolski
7402:New Zealand
7349:Neumayer II
7340: [
7310:Port Martin
7066:Dobrowolski
7013:New Zealand
6848:Vechernyaya
6726:New Zealand
6658:King Sejong
6645:South Korea
6341:Belgrano II
6202:(in French)
6193:(in French)
6153:(in French)
6145:(in French)
6111:13 February
5894:. Benfxmth.
5554:12 November
5528:28 February
4572:Netherlands
3575:Beth Healey
3542:Switzerland
1547:boilermaker
1378:Winterovers
915:time-series
834:August 2021
771:. However,
763:Environment
749:Twin Otters
665: /
653:123Β°21β²30β³E
640:Coordinates
446:. Russia's
365:Operational
292:Established
215: /
203:123Β°19β²56β³E
44:(June 2012)
9502:Categories
9487:Mars flyby
9433:Miscellany
9424:Mars rover
8725:Facilities
8378:Heroic Age
8229:South Pole
8139:Heat waves
8108:Antarctica
8026:South Pole
8011:Siple Dome
7590:Sovetskaya
7453:Borga Base
7337:Neumayer I
7237:Belgrano I
7156:ITU PolReC
6914:RisopatrΓ³n
6476:Eco-Nelson
6445:Great Wall
6366:San MartΓn
6322:Year-round
5943:1 February
5937:ogimet.com
5911:ogimet.com
5876:28 January
5502:15 October
5477:16 January
5431:References
5373:Dome Circe
5359:Dome Argus
1529:astronomer
923:photometry
898:Photometer
891:arcseconds
879:arcseconds
868:atmosphere
788:Glaciology
650:75Β°06β²12β³S
428:Antarctica
384:Glaciology
370:Activities
315:Population
200:75Β°05β²59β³S
183:Antarctica
9409:Mars suit
9236:proposals
9131:proposals
8948:programme
8885:Soyuz-TMA
8773:Euro-MARS
8530:Transport
8269:Lake CECs
8246:ice sheet
8202:ice sheet
8171:Volcanoes
8161:Mountains
8116:Geography
8066:Zucchelli
7996:Rumdoodle
7951:O'Higgins
7926:Mid Point
7861:Dome Fuji
7846:Concordia
7765:Weddell-1
7716:Ellsworth
7706:East Base
7684:Station W
7679:Station V
7674:Station T
7669:Station P
7664:Station O
7659:Station N
7654:Station J
7649:Station G
7644:Station F
7639:Station E
7634:Station D
7629:Station C
7624:Station B
7614:South Ice
7468:SANAE III
7390:Dome Fuji
7259:Australia
7247:Ellsworth
7232:Argentina
7006:Zucchelli
6965:Maldonado
6836:Primavera
6816:DecepciΓ³n
6801:Argentina
6653:Jang Bogo
6553:Vernadsky
6541:Arctowski
6517:Concordia
6488:Concordia
6450:Zhongshan
6376:Australia
6351:Esperanza
6333:Argentina
6249:Geography
5856:122313435
5573:: b2453.
5383:Dome Fuji
4285:Australia
3383:call sign
1423:physician
1370:Source:
1365:(β120.3)
1350:(β101.2)
1345:(β115.4)
1340:(β120.3)
1335:(β116.1)
1330:(β116.0)
1325:(β111.3)
826:talk page
801:Astronomy
692:Direction
619:Time zone
399:Concordia
387:Astronomy
337:UN/LOCODE
307:Elevation
102:talk page
39:in French
9392:concepts
9390:Hardware
9364:Advocacy
9318:MARS-500
9202:Mars One
9020:Spacelab
8956:Columbus
8951:Modules
8880:Soyuz-TM
8819:Soyuz-MS
8783:MARS-500
8657:European
8600:Category
8505:Religion
8407:Politics
8325:Wildlife
8294:Ross Sea
8156:Glaciers
8001:SANAE IV
7986:Progress
7936:Neumayer
7896:Marambio
7696:Brockton
7595:Vostok I
7463:SANAE II
7429:Maudheim
7332:Filchner
7190:Shirreff
7105:Russkaya
7100:Progress
7037:Pakistan
6994:Gondwana
6884:Carvajal
6867:Bulgaria
6826:Melchior
6821:Matienzo
6743:SANAE IV
6630:Progress
6356:Marambio
6159:Archived
6068:12 April
6047:12 April
6021:16 March
5995:16 March
5969:16 March
5917:18 March
5733:Archived
5709:15372024
5659:15833099
5587:79621954
5468:Archived
5404:Law Dome
5399:Ice core
5318:See also
3402:analemma
1569:mechanic
1360:(β50.6)
1355:(β79.4)
1315:(β97.6)
1310:(β76.0)
1305:(β57.6)
1295:(β70.5)
1290:(β33.0)
1285:(β51.2)
1280:(β75.6)
1275:(β85.4)
1270:(β86.4)
1265:(β86.8)
1260:(β86.4)
1255:(β91.7)
1250:(β85.7)
1245:(β74.9)
1240:(β53.9)
1235:(β35.5)
1225:(β61.1)
1220:(β22.7)
1215:(β38.7)
1210:(β62.0)
1205:(β75.1)
1200:(β79.1)
1195:(β79.8)
1190:(β80.1)
1185:(β85.5)
1180:(β79.4)
1175:(β65.2)
1170:(β41.1)
1165:(β24.0)
1155:(β51.9)
1150:(β12.6)
1145:(β26.5)
1140:(β48.6)
1135:(β65.4)
1130:(β72.0)
1125:(β73.1)
1120:(β74.0)
1115:(β79.6)
1110:(β73.3)
1105:(β55.7)
1100:(β28.7)
1095:(β12.8)
1065:(β22.5)
1060:(β15.7)
1055:(β13.7)
1050:(β22.4)
1045:(β19.3)
1040:(β27.2)
852:infrared
794:ice core
699:Surface
608:Location
594:Operator
78:provide
9450:Fiction
9350:HI-SEAS
9159:Passive
8970:Harmony
8929:Euromir
8788:MELiSSA
8667:General
8610:Commons
8525:Tourism
8470:Economy
8443:Society
8365:History
8335:Mammals
8224:Islands
8180:Regions
8151:Geology
8129:Climate
8051:Wilkins
8021:Sky Blu
7991:Rothera
7976:Plateau
7966:Pegasus
7831:Bharati
7736:Plateau
7721:Hallett
7522:Lazarev
7485:Druzhba
7458:SANAE I
7407:Hallett
7317:Germany
7305:Charcot
7271:Belgium
7197:Uruguay
7073:Romania
6984:Germany
6972:Finland
6960:Ecuador
6941:Taishan
6889:Collins
6855:Belgium
6843:Belarus
6767:Artigas
6762:Uruguay
6681:McMurdo
6592:Bharati
6572:Rothera
6548:Ukraine
6500:Germany
6455:Qinling
6361:Orcadas
6346:Carlini
6223:Portals
6089:2 April
5836:Bibcode
5717:4388419
5689:Bibcode
5639:Bibcode
5022:Germany
4212:Denmark
4121:Austria
3915:Belgium
3709:Belgium
1786:America
1405:plumber
1320:(β108)
1085:(22.3)
1080:(15.1)
1070:(β9.6)
1035:(11.3)
1025:(22.3)
936:Climate
860:aerosol
696:Length
680:Runways
623:(UTC+8)
589:Private
581:Summary
489:History
422:on the
395:Website
297: (
228:Country
100:to the
82:in the
41:.
9460:novels
9255:Aelita
9185:Former
9138:Active
8963:Cupola
8875:Hermes
8854:Skylon
8812:Active
8793:Zero-G
8207:shield
8166:Tundra
8061:Vostok
7971:Petrel
7956:Palmer
7906:Mawson
7891:Maitri
7886:Kohnen
7876:Halley
7711:Eights
7549:Pobeda
7436:Poland
7424:Norway
7419:Norway
7395:Mizuho
7300:France
7264:Wilkes
7252:Sobral
7222:Closed
7151:Turkey
7134:Sweden
7085:Russia
7061:Poland
7042:Jinnah
7025:Norway
6989:Kohnen
6953:Mendel
6936:Kunlun
6924:Yelcho
6831:Petrel
6811:CΓ‘mara
6791:Summer
6750:Turkey
6702:Brazil
6695:Others
6686:Palmer
6635:Vostok
6607:Russia
6597:Maitri
6567:Halley
6536:Poland
6524:Norway
6483:France
6464:Europe
6394:Mawson
6273:France
5854:
5715:
5707:
5681:Nature
5657:
5585:
5549:Quartz
5522:Quartz
5460:
5379:Dome F
5365:Dome C
5355:Dome A
5309:
5284:France
5281:
5270:France
5267:
5256:France
5253:
5242:France
5239:
5225:
5214:France
5211:
5200:France
5197:
5186:France
5183:
5169:
5155:
5141:
5117:
5106:France
5103:
5089:
5078:France
5075:
5061:
5050:France
5047:
5033:
5019:
5008:France
5005:
4991:
4980:France
4977:
4966:France
4963:
4942:France
4939:
4928:France
4925:
4911:
4900:France
4897:
4883:
4869:
4858:Sweden
4855:
4844:France
4841:
4830:France
4827:
4813:
4799:
4788:France
4785:
4771:
4747:
4733:
4722:France
4719:
4708:France
4705:
4691:
4680:France
4677:
4663:
4649:
4635:
4621:
4610:France
4607:
4596:France
4593:
4569:
4555:
4544:France
4541:
4530:France
4527:
4516:France
4513:
4502:France
4499:
4485:
4474:France
4471:
4457:
4443:
4432:France
4429:
4418:France
4415:
4394:France
4391:
4377:
4366:France
4363:
4352:France
4349:
4338:France
4335:
4321:
4307:
4293:
4282:
4265:
4251:
4237:
4226:France
4223:
4209:
4185:
4177:France
4174:
4160:
4146:
4135:France
4132:
4118:
4101:
4090:France
4087:
4073:
4059:
4048:France
4045:
4034:France
4031:
4020:France
4017:
4003:
3982:France
3979:
3965:
3954:France
3951:
3940:France
3937:
3926:Canada
3923:
3912:
3898:
3887:France
3884:
3870:
3856:
3842:
3831:France
3828:
3814:
3800:
3779:France
3776:
3762:
3751:France
3748:
3737:France
3734:
3723:France
3720:
3706:
3692:
3681:France
3678:
3664:
3650:
3636:
3622:
3601:France
3598:
3584:
3567:
3556:France
3553:
3528:France
3525:
3511:
3500:France
3497:
3483:
3472:France
3469:
3455:
3444:France
3441:
3427:
3371:France
3368:
3357:Russia
3354:
3343:France
3340:
3329:France
3326:
3312:
3298:
3287:France
3284:
3270:
3259:France
3256:
3245:Greece
3242:
3228:
3214:
3203:France
3200:
3176:
3162:
3151:France
3148:
3137:France
3134:
3120:
3106:
3095:France
3092:
3078:
3067:France
3064:
3053:France
3050:
3039:France
3036:
3025:France
3022:
3011:France
3008:
2997:Greece
2994:
2983:France
2980:
2958:Russia
2955:
2944:France
2941:
2930:France
2927:
2913:
2899:
2888:France
2885:
2871:
2860:France
2857:
2843:
2832:France
2829:
2818:France
2815:
2801:
2790:France
2787:
2763:
2752:France
2749:
2738:France
2735:
2724:France
2721:
2707:
2693:
2682:France
2679:
2665:
2654:France
2651:
2637:
2626:France
2623:
2612:France
2609:
2595:
2581:
2560:France
2557:
2543:
2529:
2518:France
2515:
2501:
2487:
2476:France
2473:
2459:
2448:France
2445:
2431:
2420:France
2417:
2403:
2392:France
2389:
2368:France
2365:
2354:France
2351:
2337:
2326:France
2323:
2312:France
2309:
2298:France
2295:
2284:France
2281:
2270:France
2267:
2253:
2242:France
2239:
2225:
2211:
2190:France
2187:
2173:
2159:
2145:
2131:
2120:France
2117:
2103:
2092:France
2089:
2078:France
2075:
2061:
2050:France
2047:
2036:France
2033:
2022:France
2019:
1992:
1981:France
1978:
1964:
1950:
1936:
1925:France
1922:
1908:
1897:France
1894:
1883:France
1880:
1869:France
1866:
1852:
1841:France
1838:
1827:France
1824:
1813:France
1810:
1783:
1772:France
1769:
1758:France
1755:
1741:
1730:France
1727:
1713:
1702:France
1699:
1685:
1674:France
1671:
1657:
1646:France
1643:
1613:France
1610:
1595:France
1592:
1581:France
1578:
1563:France
1560:
1551:welder
1541:France
1538:
1523:France
1520:
1509:France
1506:
1495:France
1492:
1478:
1463:France
1460:
1449:France
1446:
1432:
1417:France
1414:
1075:(1.4)
1030:(8.8)
976:Month
949:KΓΆppen
913:bands
887:seeing
875:median
718:1,497
715:4,910
712:01/19
475:France
420:Dome C
362:Status
357:Annual
354:Period
341:AQ CON
268:Dome C
252:
241:France
238:
9455:films
9355:NEEMO
9328:FMARS
8991:Other
8946:ELIPS
8842:Orion
8836:DC4EU
8763:AMASE
8615:Index
8535:Women
8485:Flags
8460:Crime
8398:Years
8340:Krill
8330:Birds
8315:Flora
8041:Union
8036:Troll
8016:Sitry
8006:Showa
7841:Casey
7772:]
7748:Other
7741:Siple
7602:]
7585:]
7573:]
7556:]
7539:Oasis
7534:]
7492:]
7412:Vanda
7385:Asuka
7380:Japan
7368:Italy
7356:India
7344:]
7283:Chile
7185:Lenie
7173:Signy
7117:Spain
7110:Soyuz
7018:Vanda
7001:Italy
6931:China
6879:Chile
6731:Scott
6719:Showa
6714:Japan
6620:Mirny
6584:India
6529:Troll
6512:Italy
6437:China
6404:Chile
6389:Davis
6384:Casey
6261:Italy
5852:S2CID
5805:(PDF)
5724:(PDF)
5713:S2CID
5677:(PDF)
5655:S2CID
5629:arXiv
5583:S2CID
5471:(PDF)
5450:(PDF)
5394:EPICA
5312:Italy
5298:Swiss
5228:Italy
5172:Italy
5158:Italy
5144:Italy
5120:Italy
5092:Italy
5064:Italy
5036:Italy
4994:Italy
4914:Italy
4886:Italy
4872:Italy
4816:Italy
4802:Italy
4774:Italy
4750:Italy
4694:Italy
4666:Italy
4652:Italy
4638:Italy
4624:Italy
4558:Italy
4488:Italy
4460:Italy
4446:Italy
4380:Italy
4324:Italy
4310:Italy
4296:Italy
4268:Italy
4254:Italy
4240:Italy
4188:Italy
4163:Italy
4149:Italy
4104:Italy
4076:Italy
4062:Italy
4006:Italy
3968:Italy
3901:Italy
3873:Italy
3859:Italy
3845:Italy
3817:Italy
3803:Italy
3765:Italy
3667:Italy
3653:Italy
3639:Italy
3625:Italy
3570:Italy
3514:Italy
3486:Italy
3458:Italy
3430:Italy
3315:Italy
3301:Italy
3273:Italy
3231:Italy
3217:Italy
3179:Italy
3165:Italy
3123:Italy
3109:Italy
3081:Italy
2916:Italy
2902:Italy
2874:Italy
2846:Italy
2766:Italy
2710:Italy
2696:Italy
2668:Italy
2640:Italy
2584:Italy
2546:Italy
2532:Italy
2504:Italy
2490:Italy
2462:Italy
2434:Italy
2256:Italy
2228:Italy
2214:Italy
2176:Italy
2162:Italy
2148:Italy
2134:Italy
2106:Italy
2064:Italy
1995:Italy
1967:Italy
1953:Italy
1939:Italy
1911:Italy
1855:Italy
1744:Italy
1716:Italy
1688:Italy
1660:Italy
1481:Italy
1435:Italy
1363:β84.6
1358:β45.9
1353:β61.9
1348:β74.0
1343:β81.9
1338:β84.6
1333:β82.3
1328:β82.2
1323:β79.6
1313:β72.0
1308:β60.0
1303:β49.8
1293:β57.0
1288:β36.1
1283:β46.2
1278:β59.8
1273:β65.2
1268:β65.8
1263:β66.0
1258:β65.8
1253:β68.7
1248:β65.4
1243:β59.4
1238:β47.7
1233:β37.5
1223:β51.7
1218:β30.4
1213:β39.3
1208:β52.2
1203:β59.5
1198:β61.7
1193:β62.1
1188:β62.3
1183:β65.3
1178:β61.9
1173:β54.0
1168:β40.6
1163:β31.1
1153:β46.6
1148:β24.8
1143:β32.5
1138:β44.8
1133:β54.1
1128:β57.8
1123:β58.4
1118:β58.9
1113:β62.0
1108:β58.5
1103:β48.7
1098:β33.7
1093:β24.9
1073:β17.0
1068:β23.1
1063:β30.3
1058:β26.5
1053:β25.4
1048:β30.2
1043:β28.5
1038:β32.9
1033:β11.5
1028:β12.9
1015:Year
942:polar
927:Space
925:from
911:UBVRI
856:cloud
479:Italy
255:Italy
62:DeepL
9333:MDRS
9309:list
9109:Mars
8870:CSTS
8520:Time
8308:Life
7701:Byrd
7144:Wasa
7139:Svea
7049:Peru
6977:Aboa
6755:TARS
6113:2022
6091:2015
6070:2014
6049:2014
6023:2014
5997:2014
5971:2014
5945:2023
5919:2022
5878:2022
5832:7733
5705:PMID
5556:2018
5530:2023
5504:2018
5479:2023
5458:ISBN
5381:(or
5357:(or
3400:The
1083:β5.4
1078:β9.4
1023:β5.4
1012:Dec
1009:Nov
1006:Oct
1003:Sep
1000:Aug
997:Jul
994:Jun
991:May
988:Apr
985:Mar
982:Feb
979:Jan
873:The
864:dust
862:and
721:Ice
630:AMSL
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