665:
644:
686:
2883:
623:
586:
372:
574:
562:
237:
409:
360:
464:
Moths tend to have stout and hairy or furry-looking bodies, while butterflies have slender and smoother abdomens. Moths have larger scales on their wings which makes them look more dense and fluffy. Butterflies on the other hand possess fine scales. This difference is possibly due to the need for
76:
Although the rules for distinguishing these groups are not absolute, one very good guiding principle is that butterflies have thin antennae and (with one exception) have small balls or clubs at the end of their antennae. Moth antennae can be quite varied in appearance, but in particular lack the
72:
group, the moths, which comprise the rest of the
Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and
261:. Most butterflies have thin slender filamentous antennae which are club shaped at the end. Moths, on the other hand, often have comb-like or feathery antennae, or filamentous and unclubbed. This distinction is the basis for the earliest taxonomic divisions in the Lepidoptera: the
504:
family of butterflies, which are nocturnal and feature superposition eyes. In most cases where one species is found to be using the opposite type of eye than expected, it is because they are active during the opposite time of day than is normal for other butterflies or moths.
318:
which is a filament arising from the hindwing and coupling (matching up) with barbs on the forewing. The frenulum can be observed only when a specimen is in hand. There is only one known species of butterfly with a frenulum, which is the male regent skipper
546:
Moths usually rest with their wings spread out to their sides. Butterflies frequently fold their wings above their backs when they are perched although they will occasionally "bask" with their wings spread for short periods (several types of
493:. This is due to the superposition eye's adaptations for low light environments suiting the nocturnal moths, and the apposition eye's superior resolution and potential for colour vision benefiting the more diurnal butterflies.
607:) because the adults often rest with their wings folded vertically. These moths have thin bodies and large wings like many butterflies but may be distinguished easily by structural differences in their antennae (e.g.
390:
sometimes form butterfly-style pupae, hanging on twigs or tree bark, although usually they create flimsy cocoons out of silk webbing and leaf bits, leaving the pupa exposed. The plume winged moths of the family
428:
Most butterflies have bright colours on their wings. Nocturnal moths on the other hand are usually plain brown, grey, white or black and often with obscuring patterns of zigzags or swirls which help
685:
643:
923:
Yack, Jayne; Stephanie E. Johnson; Sarah G. Brown; Eric J. Warrant (14 November 2007). "The eyes of
Macrosoma sp. (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea): a nocturnal butterfly with superposition optics".
664:
622:
448:
moths, such as the giant silk moths, are nocturnal but often have bright colours and striking patterns on their wings. A few butterflies are also plain-coloured, like the
2829:
596:
Most moths also occasionally fold their wings above their backs when they are in a certain spot (like when there is no room to fully spread their wings).
608:
831:
325:. Some moths have a lobe on the forewing called a jugum that helps in coupling with the hindwing. Butterflies lack these structures.
2822:
432:
them from predators as they rest during the day. However, many day-flying moths are brightly coloured, particularly if they are
979:
774:"What is the difference between a butterfly and a moth? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress)"
371:
225:, or the skippers, often considered as butterflies, have significant morphological differences from butterflies and moths.
2815:
585:
857:
751:
77:
club end. The divisions are named by this principle: "club-antennae" (Rhopalocera) or "varied-antennae" (Heterocera).
2882:
573:
884:
807:
797:
555:, may hold their wings either flat, or folded, or even in-between (the so-called "jet plane" position) when perched.
399:
butterfly. A few skipper butterfly larvae also make crude cocoons in which they pupate, exposing the pupa a bit. The
349:. Most butterfly caterpillars, on the other hand, form an exposed pupa made from a hardened protein, also termed a
2796:
741:
Scoble, MJ 1995. The
Lepidoptera: form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: The Oxford University Press; 404 p.
561:
405:
butterfly larvae make a flimsy cocoon for pupation and they pupate near the ground surface between debris.
2791:
52:. Other taxonomic schemes have been proposed, the most common putting the butterflies into the suborder
551:
tend to frequently rest with their wings spread when in sunlight). However, some butterflies, like the
2807:
359:
972:
3179:
342:
773:
2368:
548:
290:
84:
3004:
1238:
1230:
1221:
965:
693:
629:
8:
3064:
2384:
2159:
2151:
778:
552:
466:
321:
672:
412:
876:
302:
often have an angle to the tip of the antenna, with the clubs hooked backwards like a
3138:
1729:
940:
922:
890:
880:
803:
453:
258:
241:
614:
3148:
2954:
2891:
2710:
2201:
1760:
932:
872:
698:
3153:
3143:
3074:
3044:
3019:
2279:
1955:
1832:
1708:
1700:
1666:
1640:
1632:
1299:
1270:
1264:
1255:
1066:
1060:
1048:
702:
538:, fly during both day and night in search of the females, which are flightless.
3158:
3104:
3054:
2979:
2929:
2500:
2287:
1965:
1890:
1856:
1814:
1739:
1724:
1367:
527:
957:
936:
315:
3173:
3128:
3034:
3029:
2989:
2984:
2969:
2934:
2904:
2872:
2728:
2653:
2561:
2508:
2487:
2479:
2350:
2230:
2222:
1942:
1824:
1819:
1809:
1588:
1580:
1567:
1559:
1530:
1491:
1359:
1304:
1291:
1282:
1207:
1199:
1190:
1152:
1146:
1134:
898:
392:
338:
281:
200:
57:
37:
500:
and
Sytomidae families of moths, both of which have apposition eyes, or the
486:
3089:
3039:
3014:
2919:
2867:
2747:
2715:
2697:
2645:
2577:
2537:
2337:
2329:
2295:
2180:
2172:
1993:
1983:
1970:
1924:
1916:
1903:
1895:
1882:
1840:
1801:
1791:
1768:
1747:
1716:
1679:
1671:
1658:
1538:
1486:
1032:
944:
894:
655:
449:
334:
303:
299:
213:
92:
29:
395:
also pupates without a cocoon and the pupa resembles the chrysalis of the
272:
There are, however, exceptions to this rule and a few moths (the families
80:
The following families of
Lepidoptera are usually considered butterflies:
48:(butterfly moths). In this taxonomic scheme, moths belong to the suborder
3133:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3079:
3049:
3009:
2944:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2846:
2705:
2663:
2587:
2582:
2553:
2521:
2416:
2357:
2193:
2117:
2109:
2096:
2088:
2059:
2009:
1934:
1848:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1755:
1546:
1481:
1409:
1388:
1380:
1330:
1109:
1103:
1091:
989:
718:
604:
600:
535:
534:
or sunset moths. A few species, such as the male
European/North American
523:
490:
445:
387:
285:
236:
222:
194:
149:
137:
123:
116:
41:
17:
408:
3099:
3059:
2962:
2939:
2862:
2837:
2771:
2679:
2671:
2624:
2608:
2595:
2569:
2545:
2529:
2450:
2437:
2429:
2408:
2400:
2316:
2308:
2251:
2243:
2209:
2067:
2001:
1988:
1960:
1947:
1869:
1496:
1438:
1343:
677:
650:
501:
497:
482:
437:
429:
401:
273:
188:
182:
169:
143:
110:
104:
3094:
3084:
3069:
3024:
2974:
2854:
2838:
2723:
2629:
2466:
2458:
2376:
2051:
2038:
2022:
1874:
1864:
1650:
1517:
1509:
1465:
1351:
1020:
1008:
634:
531:
519:
441:
383:
350:
277:
162:
155:
69:
45:
21:
658:
moth holds its wings like a butterfly but lacks the knobbed antennae
637:), the day-flying Madagascan sunset moth, has butterfly-like colours
496:
There are several exceptions to this rule, such as with the diurnal
440:
species evolved to locate their mates visually and not primarily by
2996:
2616:
2392:
2138:
2130:
2075:
2030:
1687:
1605:
1473:
1338:
1321:
1174:
1026:
799:
The
Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide
481:
Despite appearances, butterflies and moths have different types of
470:
433:
396:
382:
There are many exceptions to this rule, however. For example, the
130:
98:
88:
53:
2924:
2637:
2269:
2261:
1978:
615:
Examples of exceptions to the general moth/butterfly distinctions
205:
174:
465:
moths to conserve heat during the cooler nights, or to confound
2842:
2687:
1014:
1002:
295:
858:"Adaptations for Nocturnal Vision in Insect Apposition Eyes"
228:
The other families of the
Lepidoptera are considered moths.
73:
Rhopalocera, Jugatae and
Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.
2411:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
346:
25:
530:. There are however exceptions, including the spectacular
2632:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
832:"What are the differences between butterflies and moths?"
752:"What are the differences between butterflies and moths?"
2619:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
444:
as their drab nocturnal cousins. Several species of
2070:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
419:) - note the feathered antennae and fat furry body
257:The most obvious difference is in the feelers, or
252:
103:Blues and coppers or gossamer-winged butterflies,
802:. Calif.: Stanford University Press. p. 94.
485:. Though not universal, moths very commonly have
3171:
1145:
676:has clubbed antennae like other moths of family
469:by bats, whereas butterflies are able to absorb
288:) have clubbed antennae. Some butterflies, like
1059:
987:
1263:
1102:
248:) - note the clubbed antennae and slender body
2823:
1198:
973:
1132:
489:, while butterflies equally commonly favour
231:
119:which contain the following 13 subfamilies:
423:
386:form an exposed pupa which is underground.
309:
2830:
2816:
2419:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
980:
966:
508:
265:("clubbed horn", the butterflies) and the
60:and ignoring a classification for moths.
2598:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
1046:
599:A sometimes confusing family can be the
459:
407:
235:
158:(including the owls as tribe Brassolini)
2395:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
855:
791:
789:
3172:
2511:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
1089:
377:Butterflies typically form a chrysalis
209:s) (formerly the family Limenitididae)
2811:
1172:
1171:
1131:
1088:
1045:
961:
925:Arthropod Structure & Development
795:
735:
856:Greiner, Birgit (16 December 2005).
786:
20:involves their differentiation into
829:
513:
13:
2033:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
1950:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
541:
14:
3191:
1354:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
719:The English moths and butterflies
591:Typical butterfly resting posture
126:(formerly the family Libytheidae)
2881:
865:International Review of Cytology
684:
663:
642:
621:
584:
579:Alternative moth resting posture
572:
560:
370:
358:
32:group, often given the suborder
1370:(African primitive ghost moths)
754:. Copyright © Australian Museum
341:made of silk within which they
253:Shape and structure of antennae
165:(formerly the family Satyridae)
16:A common classification of the
1674:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
916:
849:
823:
766:
744:
133:(formerly the family Danaidae)
1:
2572:(Kentish glory and relatives)
1391:(New Zealand primitive moths)
877:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)50001-4
728:
365:Moths typically form a cocoon
68:While the butterflies form a
28:. Butterflies are a natural
2718:(oriental swallowtail moths)
1996:(planthopper parasite moths)
567:Typical moth resting posture
476:
294:from the forests of central
269:("varied horn", the moths).
7:
2792:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
2379:(American moth-butterflies)
2340:(Old World butterfly-moths)
2319:(picture-winged leaf moths)
1069:(mandibulate archaic moths)
526:while most butterflies are
63:
56:and then the "superfamily"
10:
3196:
2290:(tropical fruitworm moths)
1827:(case-bearers, case moths)
1591:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
1346:(swift moths, ghost moths)
298:, lack the club ends. The
212:the tropical longwings or
115:Brush-footed butterflies,
2953:
2890:
2879:
2853:
2787:
2768:
2740:
2696:
2662:
2607:
2540:(American silkworm moths)
2520:
2499:
2478:
2449:
2428:
2371:(swallowtail butterflies)
2349:
2328:
2307:
2278:
2260:
2242:
2221:
2192:
2171:
2150:
2129:
2108:
2087:
2050:
2041:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
2021:
1933:
1915:
1800:
1750:(false diamondback moths)
1738:
1699:
1661:(burrowing webworm moths)
1649:
1631:
1627:
1604:
1579:
1558:
1529:
1508:
1464:
1437:
1408:
1379:
1329:
1320:
1290:
1281:
1254:
1229:
1220:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1167:
1141:
1127:
1098:
1084:
1055:
1041:
997:
937:10.1016/j.asd.2006.07.001
710:
232:Morphological differences
122:the snout butterflies or
97:Whites or yellow-whites,
2532:(Australian lappet moth)
1541:(pigmy, or midget moths)
796:Scott, James A. (1992).
716:Wilkes, Benjamin (1749)
701:to mimic the poisonous
424:Colouration of the wings
328:
310:Wing-coupling mechanisms
242:tiger longwing butterfly
154:the morphos and owls or
1362:(miniature ghost moths)
549:Swallowtail butterflies
509:Behavioural differences
417:Thaumetopoea pityocampa
178:s and leaf butterflies)
109:Metalmark butterflies,
2741:Superfamily unassigned
2162:(bristle-legged moths)
1711:(ribbed cocoon makers)
1520:(Andean endemic moths)
1476:(fairy longhorn moths)
420:
249:
3005:Acanthopteroctetoidea
2648:(prominents, kittens)
2183:(fringe-tufted moths)
1239:Acanthopteroctetidae
1231:Acanthopteroctetoidea
703:pipe vine swallowtail
460:Structure of the body
411:
291:Pseudopontia paradoxa
239:
3065:Schreckensteinioidea
2160:Schreckensteiniidae
2152:Schreckensteinioidea
2141:(false burnet moths)
2012:(slug, or cup moths)
1570:(Gondwanaland moths)
1549:(white eyecap moths)
1307:(archaic bell moths)
694:Callosamia promethea
630:Chrysiridia rhipheus
40:(true butterflies),
2845:- Superfamilies of
2490:(sack bearer moths)
2212:(false plume moths)
2204:(many-plumed moths)
2062:(little bear moths)
2004:(slug caterpillars)
1859:(long-horned moths)
1843:(grass-miner moths)
1241:(archaic sun moths)
779:Library of Congress
322:Euschemon rafflesia
904:on 9 February 2013
673:Paysandisia archon
654:sp., a day-flying
487:superposition eyes
421:
413:Pine processionary
314:Many moths have a
250:
142:the glasswings or
3167:
3166:
3139:Heterobathmioidea
2805:
2804:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2732:
2719:
2683:
2675:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2620:
2599:
2591:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2512:
2491:
2470:
2462:
2441:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2362:
2341:
2320:
2299:
2298:(fruitworm moths)
2291:
2234:
2213:
2205:
2184:
2163:
2142:
2121:
2100:
2099:(metalmark moths)
2079:
2078:(clearwing moths)
2071:
2063:
2042:
2034:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1974:
1951:
1907:
1899:
1886:
1885:(concealer moths)
1878:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1787:
1764:
1761:Glyphipterigidae
1751:
1730:Roeslerstammiidae
1720:
1712:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1662:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1571:
1550:
1542:
1521:
1500:
1477:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1277:
1276:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1216:
1215:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1147:Heterobathmioidea
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1070:
836:Australian Museum
452:butterfly or the
246:Heliconius hecale
36:, which includes
3187:
3149:Micropterigoidea
2955:Microlepidoptera
2885:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2731:(geometer moths)
2730:
2717:
2711:Pseudobistonidae
2681:
2673:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2618:
2597:
2589:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2510:
2489:
2468:
2460:
2439:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2361:
2354:
2339:
2318:
2297:
2289:
2232:
2211:
2203:
2182:
2161:
2140:
2119:
2098:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2040:
2032:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1972:
1949:
1905:
1897:
1884:
1876:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1833:Cosmopterigidae
1826:
1785:
1762:
1749:
1718:
1710:
1709:Bucculatricidae
1689:
1681:
1673:
1660:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1590:
1569:
1548:
1540:
1519:
1498:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1435:
1434:
1390:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1327:
1326:
1306:
1288:
1287:
1261:
1260:
1240:
1227:
1226:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1153:Heterobathmiidae
1143:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1068:
1067:Micropterigidae
1061:Micropterigoidea
1057:
1056:
1043:
1042:
982:
975:
968:
959:
958:
949:
948:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
903:
897:. Archived from
862:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
830:Britton, David.
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
793:
784:
783:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
748:
742:
739:
699:Batesian mimicry
688:
667:
646:
625:
588:
576:
564:
514:Time of activity
374:
362:
203:(especially the
44:(skippers), and
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3180:Lepidopterology
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3154:Mnesarchaeoidea
3144:Lophocoronoidea
3124:Agathiphagoidea
3075:Simaethistoidea
3045:Gracillarioidea
3020:Copromorphoidea
2949:
2886:
2877:
2849:
2836:
2806:
2801:
2797:Lists by region
2775:
2774:is not a clade.
2770:Note: division
2752:
2736:
2692:
2658:
2603:
2564:(Dryandra moth)
2556:(Brahmin moths)
2516:
2495:
2474:
2445:
2424:
2355:
2353:
2345:
2324:
2303:
2288:Copromorphidae
2280:Copromorphoidea
2274:
2256:
2238:
2217:
2188:
2167:
2146:
2125:
2120:(tortrix moths)
2104:
2083:
2046:
2017:
1973:(flannel moths)
1956:Himantopteridae
1929:
1911:
1857:Lecithoceridae
1851:(twirler moths)
1796:
1734:
1719:(Douglas moths)
1701:Gracillarioidea
1695:
1682:(bagworm moths)
1667:Arrhenophanidae
1645:
1633:Simaethistoidea
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1596:
1575:
1554:
1525:
1504:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1389:Mnesarchaeidae
1381:Mnesarchaeoidea
1375:
1368:Prototheoridae
1312:
1300:Aenigmatineidae
1273:
1265:Lophocoronoidea
1246:
1212:
1177:
1155:
1137:
1135:Heterobathmiina
1115:
1110:Agathiphagidae
1104:Agathiphagoidea
1094:
1072:
1051:
1037:
993:
986:
955:
953:
952:
921:
917:
907:
905:
901:
887:
860:
854:
850:
840:
838:
828:
824:
814:
812:
810:
794:
787:
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
750:
749:
745:
740:
736:
731:
725:
713:
706:
689:
680:
670:The day-flying
668:
659:
647:
638:
626:
617:
592:
589:
580:
577:
568:
565:
544:
542:Resting posture
518:Most moths are
516:
511:
491:apposition eyes
479:
462:
426:
378:
375:
366:
363:
331:
312:
255:
234:
129:the danaids or
66:
12:
11:
5:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3159:Neopseustoidea
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Eriocranioidea
3126:
3121:
3119:
3117:Basal lineages
3113:
3112:
3107:
3105:Yponomeutoidea
3102:
3100:Whalleyanoidea
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Pterophoroidea
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Palaephatoidea
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Lasiocampoidea
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:Lasiocampidae
2505:
2503:
2501:Lasiocampoidea
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2244:Whalleyanoidea
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:Pterophoridae
2227:
2225:
2223:Pterophoroidea
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:Megalopygidae
1968:
1966:Somabrachyidae
1963:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1906:(timber moths)
1901:
1898:(flower moths)
1893:
1891:Pterolonchidae
1888:
1880:
1877:(mompha moths)
1872:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1835:(cosmet moths)
1830:
1825:Coleophoridae
1822:
1817:
1815:Batrachedridae
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1786:(ermine moths)
1784:Yponomeutidae
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1740:Yponomeutoidea
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1725:Gracillariidae
1722:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1690:(fungus moths)
1685:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1641:Simaethistidae
1637:
1635:
1622:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:Palaephatidae
1564:
1562:
1560:Palaephatoidea
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1432:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1360:Palaeosetidae
1357:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:Neopseustidae
1302:
1296:
1294:
1292:Neopseustoidea
1285:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:Lophocoronidae
1269:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:Eriocranioidea
1193:
1179:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1096:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
998:
995:
994:
985:
984:
977:
970:
962:
951:
950:
915:
885:
848:
822:
808:
785:
765:
743:
733:
732:
730:
727:
723:
722:
712:
709:
708:
707:
690:
683:
681:
669:
662:
660:
648:
641:
639:
627:
620:
616:
613:
594:
593:
590:
583:
581:
578:
571:
569:
566:
559:
543:
540:
515:
512:
510:
507:
478:
475:
461:
458:
425:
422:
380:
379:
376:
369:
367:
364:
357:
330:
327:
311:
308:
254:
251:
233:
230:
219:
218:
217:
216:
210:
197:
193:the nymphs or
191:
185:
179:
166:
161:the browns or
159:
152:
146:
140:
134:
127:
113:
107:
101:
95:
65:
62:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3192:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Galacticoidea
3033:
3031:
3030:Epermenioidea
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:Tischerioidea
2988:
2986:
2985:Nepticuloidea
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Andesianoidea
2968:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:Mimallonoidea
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Calliduloidea
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2873:Papilionoidea
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2773:
2767:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2716:Epicopeiidae
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2654:Oenosandridae
2652:
2650:
2646:Notodontidae
2644:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:Apatelodidae
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2488:Mimallonidae
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2480:Mimallonoidea
2477:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2461:(snout moths)
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:Papilionidae
2367:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2352:
2351:Papilionoidea
2348:
2342:
2338:Callidulidae
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2330:Calliduloidea
2327:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2296:Carposinidae
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2252:Whalleyanidae
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2233:(plume moths)
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2181:Epermeniidae
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2173:Epermenioidea
2170:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2039:Dudgeoneidae
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:Epipyropidae
1992:
1990:
1989:Cyclotornidae
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1943:Heterogynidae
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1917:Galacticoidea
1914:
1908:
1904:Xyloryctidae
1902:
1900:
1896:Scythrididae
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1883:Oecophoridae
1881:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1870:Metachandidae
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:Elachistidae
1839:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1820:Blastobasidae
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Autostichidae
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1763:(sedge moths)
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:Acrolepiidae
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1717:Douglasiidae
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1672:Eriocottidae
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1659:Acrolophidae
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1603:
1593:
1589:Tischeriidae
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1581:Tischerioidea
1578:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:Nepticulidae
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1531:Nepticuloidea
1528:
1522:
1518:Andesianidae
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1510:Andesianoidea
1507:
1501:
1499:(yucca moths)
1495:
1493:
1492:Incurvariidae
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:Neotheoridae
1350:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Lophocoronina
1253:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Acanthoctesia
1219:
1209:
1208:Eriocraniidae
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1114:
1112:(kauri moths)
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
991:
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
964:
963:
960:
956:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
900:
896:
892:
888:
886:9780123646545
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
859:
852:
837:
833:
826:
811:
809:9780804720137
805:
801:
800:
792:
790:
781:
780:
775:
769:
753:
747:
738:
734:
726:
721:
720:
715:
714:
704:
700:
696:
695:
687:
682:
679:
675:
674:
666:
661:
657:
653:
652:
645:
640:
636:
632:
631:
624:
619:
618:
612:
610:
606:
603:(such as the
602:
597:
587:
582:
575:
570:
563:
558:
557:
556:
554:
550:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
506:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
483:compound eyes
474:
472:
468:
457:
455:
451:
450:cabbage white
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
418:
414:
410:
406:
404:
403:
398:
394:
393:Pterophoridae
389:
385:
373:
368:
361:
356:
355:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
326:
324:
323:
317:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:Apoprogonidae
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
247:
243:
238:
229:
226:
224:
215:
211:
208:
207:
202:
201:Limenitidinae
198:
196:
192:
190:
186:
184:
180:
177:
176:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
151:
147:
145:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
120:
118:
114:
112:
108:
106:
102:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
74:
71:
61:
59:
58:Papilionoidea
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:Papilionoidea
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
3090:Tortricoidea
3040:Gelechioidea
3015:Choreutoidea
2920:Geometroidea
2892:Larger Moths
2868:Hesperioidea
2748:Millieriidae
2729:Geometridae
2698:Geometroidea
2682:(gold moths)
2640:(tuft moths)
2590:(saturniids)
2588:Saturniidae
2578:Eupterotidae
2562:Carthaeidae
2554:Brahmaeidae
2548:(silk moths)
2469:(grass moth)
2440:(teak moths)
2417:Nymphalidae
2403:(metalmarks)
2385:Hesperiidae
2118:Tortricidae
2110:Tortricoidea
2097:Choreutidae
2089:Choreutoidea
2060:Brachodidae
2010:Limacodidae
1984:Anomoeotidae
1925:Galacticidae
1849:Gelechiidae
1802:Gelechioidea
1792:Ypsolophidae
1769:Heliodinidae
1547:Opostegidae
1487:Heliozelidae
1339:Anomosetidae
1283:Neopseustina
1033:Holometabola
1031:Superorder:
1025:Infraclass:
954:
931:(1): 11–22.
928:
924:
918:
906:. Retrieved
899:the original
868:
864:
851:
839:. Retrieved
835:
825:
813:. Retrieved
798:
777:
768:
756:. Retrieved
746:
737:
724:
717:
692:
671:
649:
628:
598:
595:
545:
517:
495:
480:
467:echolocation
463:
427:
416:
400:
388:Spongy moths
381:
343:metamorphose
335:caterpillars
332:
320:
313:
304:crochet hook
289:
271:
266:
262:
256:
245:
227:
220:
214:Heliconiinae
204:
173:
93:Papilionidae
85:Swallowtails
79:
75:
70:monophyletic
67:
49:
33:
30:monophyletic
15:
3134:Hepialoidea
3110:Zygaenoidea
3080:Thyridoidea
3050:Hyblaeoidea
3010:Alucitoidea
2945:Sphingoidea
2915:Drepanoidea
2910:Cimelioidea
2900:Bombycoidea
2855:Butterflies
2847:Lepidoptera
2706:Sematuridae
2680:Cimeliidae
2674:(hook-tips)
2672:Drepanidae
2664:Drepanoidea
2596:Sphingidae
2583:Phiditiidae
2570:Endromidae
2546:Bombycidae
2530:Anthelidae
2522:Bombycoidea
2438:Hyblaeidae
2430:Hyblaeoidea
2409:Lycaenidae
2401:Riodinidae
2358:butterflies
2317:Thyrididae
2309:Thyridoidea
2210:Tineodidae
2202:Alucitidae
2194:Alucitoidea
2068:Castniidae
2002:Dalceridae
1948:Zygaenidae
1935:Zygaenoidea
1779:Plutellidae
1774:Lyonetiidae
1756:Bedelliidae
1497:Prodoxidae
1482:Cecidosidae
1344:Hepialidae
1331:Hepialoidea
1049:Zeugloptera
990:Lepidoptera
609:bipectinate
605:winter moth
601:Geometridae
536:spongy moth
524:crepuscular
456:butterfly.
446:Saturniidae
347:pupal stage
286:Sematuridae
263:Rhopalocera
223:Hesperiidae
221:The family
195:Nymphalinae
150:Calinaginae
138:Tellervinae
124:Libytheinae
117:Nymphalidae
42:Hesperiidae
34:Rhopalocera
22:butterflies
18:Lepidoptera
3060:Pyraloidea
2963:Monotrysia
2940:Noctuoidea
2863:Hedyloidea
2839:Arthropoda
2772:Monotrysia
2630:Noctuidae
2625:Euteliidae
2609:Noctuoidea
2467:Crambidae
2459:Pyralidae
2451:Pyraloidea
2387:(skippers)
2377:Hedylidae
1961:Lacturidae
1875:Momphidae
1680:Psychidae
1191:Dacnonypha
1019:Subclass:
1009:Arthropoda
729:References
697:moth uses
678:Castniidae
656:callidulid
651:Tetragonus
502:Hedyloidea
498:Zygaenidae
430:camouflage
402:Parnassius
384:hawk moths
333:Most moth
300:hesperiids
274:Castniidae
267:Heterocera
189:Apaturinae
183:Biblidinae
170:Charaxinae
144:Ithomiinae
111:Riodinidae
105:Lycaenidae
50:Heterocera
3095:Urodoidea
3085:Tineoidea
3070:Sesioidea
3025:Cossoidea
2997:Ditrysian
2975:Adeloidea
2724:Uraniidae
2617:Erebidae
2393:Pieridae
2139:Urodidae
2131:Urodoidea
2076:Sesiidae
2052:Sesioidea
2031:Cossidae
2023:Cossoidea
1865:Lypusidae
1688:Tineidae
1651:Tineoidea
1474:Adelidae
1466:Adeloidea
1173:Suborder
1133:Suborder
1092:Aglossata
1090:Suborder
1047:Suborder
1021:Pterygota
1001:Kingdom:
815:April 27,
705:butterfly
691:The male
635:Uraniidae
532:Uraniidae
520:nocturnal
477:Eye types
442:pheromone
351:chrysalis
345:into the
278:Uraniidae
163:Satyrinae
156:Morphinae
89:birdwings
46:Hedylidae
3174:Category
2925:Immoidea
2638:Nolidae
2262:Immoidea
1322:Exoporia
1175:Glossata
1027:Neoptera
1007:Phylum:
1003:Animalia
992:families
945:18089084
895:16861062
871:: 1–46.
841:25 March
758:June 29,
553:skippers
471:sunlight
436:. These
316:frenulum
259:antennae
131:Danainae
99:Pieridae
64:Taxonomy
54:Ditrysia
2843:Insecta
2270:Immidae
1979:Aididae
1015:Insecta
1013:Class:
988:Extant
528:diurnal
438:diurnal
337:spin a
206:Adelpha
175:Prepona
2999:micros
2688:Doidae
943:
908:11 May
893:
883:
806:
711:Online
415:moth (
397:pierid
339:cocoon
296:Africa
284:, and
902:(PDF)
861:(PDF)
454:baron
434:toxic
329:Pupae
26:moths
941:PMID
910:2012
891:PMID
881:ISBN
843:2024
817:2011
804:ISBN
760:2010
199:the
187:the
181:the
168:the
148:the
136:the
87:and
24:and
933:doi
873:doi
869:250
611:).
522:or
3176::
2841:-
939:.
929:36
927:.
889:.
879:.
867:.
863:.
834:.
788:^
776:.
473:.
353:.
306:.
280:,
276:,
240:A
91:,
2831:e
2824:t
2817:v
2360:)
2356:(
1620:a
1618:i
1616:s
1614:y
1612:r
1610:t
1608:i
1606:D
1457:a
1455:i
1453:s
1451:y
1449:r
1447:t
1445:o
1443:n
1441:o
1439:M
1430:a
1428:r
1426:u
1424:e
1422:n
1420:o
1418:r
1416:e
1414:t
1412:e
1410:H
981:e
974:t
967:v
947:.
935::
912:.
875::
845:.
819:.
782:.
762:.
633:(
244:(
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