Comparative mythology

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developed. To an extent, all theories about mythology follow a comparative approach—as scholar of religion Robert Segal notes, "by definition, all theorists seek similarities among myths". However, scholars of mythology can be roughly divided into particularists, who emphasize the differences between myths, and comparativists, who emphasize the similarities. Particularists tend to "maintain that the similarities deciphered by comparativists are vague and superficial", while comparativists tend to "contend that the differences etched by particularists are trivial and incidental".

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Ascended Master Teachings, etc.—which propound the idea of a whole series of subtle planes or worlds or dimensions which, from a center, interpenetrate themselves and the physical planet in which we live, the solar systems, and all the physical structures of the universe. This interpenetration of planes culminates in the universe itself as a physical structured, dynamic and evolutive expression emanated through a series of steadily denser stages, becoming progressively more material and embodied.

1425: 3367: 2587: 998:. He compares collections of mythologies and reconstructs increasingly older levels, parallel to but not necessarily dependent on language families. The most prominent common feature is a storyline that extends from the creation of the world and of humans to their end. This feature is found in the northern mythologies of Eurasia and the Americas (" 3092:, which provided a link between the cosmos with the conditions and events on earth. For these, the astrological practice was not mere divination because it also served as the foundation for their spiritual culture and knowledge-systems used for practical purposes such as the calendar (see Mesoamerican calendric shamans) and medicine (e.g. 1132:

often set in a dim and nonspecific past that historian of religion Mircea Eliade termed in illo tempore ('at that time'). Creation myths address questions deeply meaningful to the society that shares them, revealing their central worldview and the framework for the self-identity of the culture and individual in a universal context.

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society in which it is told, a creation myth is usually regarded as conveying profound truths – metaphorically, symbolically, historically, or literally. They are commonly, although not always, considered cosmogonical myths – that is, they describe the ordering of the cosmos from a state of chaos or amorphousness.

1849:" in Greek mythology are not merely oversized humanoid figures but monstrous beings embodying chaos and disorder. Giants are usually depicted as beings with human appearance, but of prodigious size (though not always so) and great strength common in the mythology and legends of many different cultures. 3175:

The concept of an underworld is found in almost every civilization and "may be as old as humanity itself". Common features of underworld myths are accounts of living people making journeys to the underworld, often for some heroic purpose. Other myths reinforce traditions that entrance of souls to the

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Usually large to gigantic, serpent-like legendary creatures that appear in the folklore of many cultures around the world. Beliefs about dragons vary drastically by region, but dragons in western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depicted as winged, horned, four-legged, and capable

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Chaos (Ancient Greek: χάος, romanized: kháos) (aka Primordial Chaos, Primordial Void) is the mythological void state preceding the creation of the universe (the cosmos) in Greek creation myths. In Christian theology, the same term is used to refer to the gap or the abyss created by the separation of

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Creation myths often share a number of features. They often are considered sacred accounts and can be found in nearly all known religious traditions. They are all stories with a plot and characters who are either deities, human-like figures, or animals, who often speak and transform easily. They are

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Comparative approaches to mythology held great popularity among eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scholars. Many of these scholars believed that all myths showed signs of having evolved from a thought which interpreted nearly all myths as poetic descriptions of the sun's behavior. According to this

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are examples. The origins of the earliest constellations likely go back to prehistory. People used them to relate stories of their beliefs, experiences, creation, or mythology. Different cultures and countries adopted their own constellations, some of which lasted into the early 20th century before

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The comparative study of mythologies reveals the trans-national motifs that unify spiritual understanding globally. The significance of this study generates a "broad, sympathetic understanding of these 'stories' in human history". The similarities of myths remind humanity of the universality in the

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examined the structure of a myth in terms of the abstract relationships between its elements, rather than their order in the plot. In particular, Lévi-Strauss believed that the elements of a myth could be organized into binary oppositions (raw vs. cooked, nature vs. culture, etc.). He thought that

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The concept may be found in religious and esoteric teachings—e.g. Vedanta (Advaita Vedanta), Ayyavazhi, shamanism, Hermeticism, Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Kashmir Shaivism, Sant Mat/Surat Shabd Yoga, Sufism, Druze, Kabbalah, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, Rosicrucianism (Esoteric Christian), Eckankar,

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In various mythologies, a group of "anti-gods" or adversarial beings oppose the main pantheon of gods, They embody chaos, destruction, or primal forces and are often considered demons or evil gods/divinities due to their opposition to divine order, symbolizing a struggle between cosmic order and

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A creation myth (or cosmogonic myth) is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. While in popular usage the term myth often refers to false or fanciful stories, members of cultures often ascribe varying degrees of truth to their creation myths. In the

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theory, these poetic descriptions had become distorted over time into seemingly diverse stories about gods and heroes. However, modern-day scholars lean more toward particularism, feeling suspicious of broad statements about myths. A recent exception is the historical approach followed in E.J.

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underworld requires a proper observation of ceremony, such as the ancient Greek story of the recently dead Patroclus haunting Achilles until his body could be properly buried for this purpose. Persons having social status were dressed and equipped in order to better navigate the underworld.

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defined comparative mythology as "the systematic comparison of myths and mythic themes drawn from a wide variety of cultures". By comparing different cultures' mythologies, scholars try to identify underlying similarities and/or to reconstruct a "protomythology" from which those mythologies

3144:, are found in cultures throughout the world. Spirits are thought to travel between worlds, or layers of existence in such traditions, usually along an axis such as a giant tree, a tent pole, a river, a rope or mountains. In Greek mythology, after death, people either go to Tartarus or 2864:

recension. Jubilees depicts spirits (distinct from angels) who act in a morally ambivalent manner, sometimes aiding, and other times causing harm to humans. Among other points of similarity, these spirits and jinn are created by God, associated with fire, have a leader (Quranic

3025:) have created structured reference systems to identify connections between myths from different cultures and regions. Some comparative mythologists look for similarities only among hero stories within a specific geographical or ethnic range. For example, the 2812:

in Christian traditions, although issues with this view are that jinn are not identified as "angels" and that descriptions of angels do not involve their flying up the sky to eavesdrop on heavenly secrets (unlike jinn who do so in the 72nd Surah of the

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from different cultures in an attempt to identify shared themes and characteristics. Comparative mythology has served a variety of academic purposes. For example, scholars have used the relationships between different myths to trace the development of

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The concept of an otherworld in historical Indo-European religion is reconstructed in comparative mythology. Its name is a calque of orbis alius (Latin for "other Earth/world"), a term used by Lucan in his description of the Celtic Otherworld.

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is a giant cannibalistic demon, feeding on fellow demons and humans alike. He is depicted as having unblinking bulging eyes, long talons, and yellow tusks that protruded past his lips. The myth of Baxbaxwalanuksiwe, in Hamatsa society of the

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Some scholars look at the linguistic relationships between the myths of different cultures. For example, the similarities between the names of gods in different cultures. One particularly successful example of this approach is the study of

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In various Indo-European mythologies, a group of anti-gods are usually featured as primeval, even malevolent beings associated with chaos, evil, and the wild nature. These are frequently portrayed as enemies of the gods, be they Greek

2808:, have been compared to earlier Jewish and Christian ideas of supernatural beings or preternatural creatures, especially those of angels, spirits, and demons. One question has concerned the degree to Quranic jinn might be compared to 1249:

A protoplast, from ancient Greek πρωτόπλαστος (prōtóplastos, "first-formed"), in a religious context initially referred to the first human or, more generally, to the first organized body of progenitors of mankind in a creation myth.

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King of Bashan, the Nephilim, the Anakim, and the giants of Egypt mentioned in 1 Chronicles 11:23. The first mention of the Nephilim is found in Genesis 6:4; attributed to them are extraordinary strength and physical proportions.

4168:. By as-Samarqandi, Abu l-Lait. Studia Culturae Islamicae (in Arabic and English). Vol. 52. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. p. 243. 2908:

Other similarities between Jewish and Muslim tradition include that of ritual exorcism and negotiations with these beings (including asking for their religion, sex, name, and intention). The treatment of possession by jinn

1680:(an "idle god"), although this term is also used more broadly, to refer to any god who does not interact regularly with humans. In many myths, the Supreme Being withdraws into the heavens after the creation of the world. 1400:, reveal striking similarities in their core elements, including divine warnings, ark construction, and the preservation of righteousness, highlighting the universal themes that thread through diverse religious beliefs. 3287:

In numerous mythologies and religions, and thus tying within the Orbis Alius motif proper is the concept of an afterlife, wherein a purported existence by which the essential part of an individual's identity or their

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The underworld is the supernatural world of the dead in various religious traditions and myths, located below the world of the living. Chthonic is the technical adjective for things of the underworld.

2961:. In fact, ancient and traditional societies have often justified their customs by claiming that their gods or mythical heroes established those customs. For example, according to the myths of the 2761:

It is a common belief among indigenous people of the tropical lowlands of South America that waters at the edge of the world-disc are encircled by a snake, often an anaconda, biting its own tail.

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heaven and earth. In Norse mythology, Ginnungagap (old Norse: ; "gaping abyss", "yawning void") is the primordial void mentioned in the Gylfaginning, the Eddaic text recording Norse cosmogony.

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Human cannibalism features in the myths, folklore, and legends of many cultures and is most often attributed to evil characters or as extreme retribution for some wrongdoing. Examples include

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and stars where they eavesdrop on heavenly secrets. Still lacking is the repulsion of these eavesdropping spirits by heavenly defense mechanisms found in Islam; here, Crone draws attention to

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There are also accounts of giants in the Hebrew Bible. Some of these are called Nephilim, a word often translated as giant although this translation is not universally accepted. They include

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tells of a sky god who has abandoned mankind to lesser divinities. In the mythologies of highly complex cultures, the supreme being tends to disappear completely, replaced by a strong

3194:, a plane is conceived as a subtle state, level, or region of reality, each plane corresponding to some type, kind, or category of being. Also known as a plane or realm of existence. 2609: 3351:

was a range of eschatological beliefs that cataclysmic or transformative events would occur on or around 21 December 2012, pursuant to the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the

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Many cultures have stories about divine figures whose death creates an essential part of reality. These myths seem especially common among cultures that grow crops, particularly

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The theft of fire for the benefit of humanity is a theme that recurs in many world mythologies. A few examples include: in Greek mythology, according to Hesiod, the Titan

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Cultures around the world tell stories about a great flood. In many cases, the flood leaves only one survivor or group of survivors. For example, both the Babylonian

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mythology. Scholars have found striking similarities between the mythological and religious terms used in different cultures of Europe and India. For example, the

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Creation myths develop in oral traditions and therefore typically have multiple versions; found throughout human culture, they are the most common form of myth.

4835:(Jordan Lectures in Comparative Religion, 1996–1997: School of Oriental and African Studies University of London). 1999. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 3438: 3320:" event, wherein a final battle between good and evil takes place to create a new world, and/or a total cataclysmic event will usher an end to humanity (see 1595:

Many mythological beliefs mention a place that sits at the center of the world and acts as a point of contact between different levels of the universe. This

1207:, (Genesis 2:7) "And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul". In 4503: 2029:

of breathing fire, whereas dragons in eastern cultures are usually depicted as wingless, four-legged, serpentine creatures with above-average intelligence.

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battle the Giants, often depicted as a cataclysmic struggle between order and chaos. This motif has parallels in various mythologies, especially within the

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32:17, have been compared to jinn. For example, the story of Solomon being replaced by the evil jinn-king is well known in both Quranic exegesis and the

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or uroborus is an ancient symbol depicting a serpent or dragon eating its own tail. The Ouroboros entered western tradition via Greek magical tradition.

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of Greek mythology, a woman who became a child-eating monster after her children were destroyed by Hera, upon learning of her husband Zeus' trysts. In

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Numerous examples exist throughout history of a human couple being the progenitors of the entire human species. This would include, but not limited to

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In the Aitareya Brahmana, a Vedic text of the early 1st millennium BCE, the nature of the Vedic rituals is compared to "a snake biting its own tail."

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The Qur'an Seminar Commentary / Le Qur'an Seminar: A Collaborative Study of 50 Qur'anic Passages / Commentaire collaboratif de 50 passages coraniques

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have identified images, themes, and patterns that appear in the myths of many different cultures. They believe that these similarities result from

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where both eavesdropping activities of demons and heavenly defense systems against them are combined. Similar statements are also found in the

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One on one epic battles between these beasts are noted throughout many cultures. Typically they consist of a hero or god battling a single to

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Patton, Laurie; Doniger, Wendy (eds.), Myth and Method (Studies in Religion and Culture). 1996. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia

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Some scholars propose that myths from different cultures reveal the same, or similar, psychoanalytic forces at work in those cultures. Some

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the myth's purpose was to "mediate" these oppositions, thereby resolving basic tensions or contradictions found in human life or culture.

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features such a story, in which the supreme god withdraws from the earth, leaving man to search for him. Similarly, the mythology of the

2755:, one of the three children of Loki and Angrboda, which grew so large that it could encircle the world and grasp its tail in its teeth. 2076: 4712: 4485: 4166:

Islamic Concept of Belief in the 4th/10th Century. Abu l-Lait as-Samarqandi's commentary on Abu Hanifa (died 150/767) al-Fiqh al-absat

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Most human civilizations - India, China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Maya, and Inca, among others - based their culture on complex systems of

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are two distinct groups of gods who initially waged a war against each other, but eventually reconciled and formed a united pantheon

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Dickson, K. "Bibliography-in-Progress of Texts on Myths & Comparative Mythology". 11/12/09. Purdue University. 17 December 2009

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Crone, Patricia (2016). "QS 32 Q 37:6–11: Crone". In Azaiez, Mehdi; Reynolds, Gabriel Said; Tesei, Tommaso; Zafer, Hamza M. (eds.).

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Ross, Robert M., Greenhill, Simon J., Atkinson, Quentin D. "Population structure and cultural geography of a folktale in Europe".

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Bilu, Yoram. "The Moroccan Demon in Israel: The Case of 'Evil Spirit Disease.'" Ethos, vol. 8, no. 1, 1980, pp. 24–39. JSTOR,

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also feature both death and rebirth. Some scholars have noted similarities between polytheistic stories of dying gods and the

4579: 3252: 3006: 2666:) is ubiquitous in myth and legend, depicting a battle of a culture hero deity with a chaos monster, often in the shape of a 2122: 1605:

or other mythical object. For example, many myths describe a great tree or pillar joining heaven, earth, and the underworld.

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Giants also often play similar roles in the mythologies and folklore of other, non Indo-European peoples, such as in the

1284:: mānava) means 'of Manu' or 'children of Manu'. The Manusmriti is an ancient legal text and constitution among the many 1009:

Mythological phylogenies also are a potentially powerful way to test hypotheses about cross-cultural relationships among

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brothers established all of the Karadjeri's customs, including the position in which they stand while urinating. In the

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Tortchinov, Evgueni. "Cybele, Attis, and the Mysteries of the 'Suffering Gods': A Transpersonalistic Interpretation".

1904:, the serpent of chaos, whose attempts to devour the sun god represent the ongoing battle between order and disorder. 5071: 4701: 4199: 1060: 1042:

have a common plot structure, in which certain events happen in a predictable order. In contrast, the anthropologist

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indigenous tribe, tells of a man-eating giant, who lives in a strange house with red smoke emanating from its roof.

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YALÇINKAYA, Mustafa. "İLÂHİ DİNLERİN CİN KAVRAMI ALGISI: GENEL BİR YAKLAŞIM." PEARSON JOURNAL 5.7 (2020): 170-183.

1112:, this engraving shows humans and a tiger doomed by the flood futilely attempting to save their children and cubs. 962:

This suggests that the Greeks, Romans, and Indians originated from a common ancestral culture, and that the names

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global flood that wiped out humanity and of a man who saved the Earth's species by taking them aboard a boat

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in which a group of younger, more civilized gods conquers and/or struggles against a group of older gods.

1097: 991: 940: 929: 670: 635: 4267:"Historicizing Ontologies: Qur'ānic Preternatural Creatures between Ancient Topoi and Emerging Traditions" 3140:

Comparable religious, mythological or metaphysical concepts, such as a realm of supernatural beings and a

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The creation of man from clay is a theme that recurs throughout numerous world religions and mythologies.

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A Neocomparative Examination of the Orpheus Myth As Found in the Native American and European Traditions

5023: 3768:"Exploring Parallels between Noah in Abrahamic Traditions and Manu in Hinduism: A Comparative Analysis" 1450:

Many myths feature a god who dies and who often returns to life. Such myths are particularly common in

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in Jubilees), and suffer a similar fate. Jinn have also been compared to preternatural beings called

1419: 1369: 1165: 325: 1002:") while it is missing in the southern mythologies of Subsaharan Africa, New Guinea and Australia (" 4684: 4116: 2646: 1854: 1846: 1073:

in many different cultures. They argue that these stories reflect the different expressions of the

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https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175646/http://journals.sfu.ca/pgi/index.php/pacificamyth/index

4535:"A Cosmic Hunt in the Berber sky : a phylogenetic reconstruction of Palaeolithic mythology". 2917:, etc.) differs from that of traditional Jewish cure of spirit possession associated with ghosts ( 1628:

all had myths featuring a Cosmic Tree whose branches reach heaven and whose roots reach hell. The

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and his followers, who sought to overthrow God's divine authority. This epic battle, depicted in

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The New Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumezil

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https://web.archive.org/web/20160206045638/http://www.sbec.be/index.php/publications/ollodagos

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predicts the end of the world when the final avatar of Vishnu comes to cleanse the Earth.

225: 8: 3476: 3461: 3185: 2842: 2417: 2190: 2169: 2013: 1973: 1938:, usually considered a demon god, marking the establishment of a unified Chinese state. 1235:

molded figures from the yellow earth, giving them life and the ability to bear children.

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Some scholars look for underlying structures shared by different myths. The folklorist

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Creation and Contemplation The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background

857:, to propose common origins for myths from different cultures, and to support various 370: 290: 4575: 4286: 4247: 4206: 4195: 4169: 4098: 3787: 3767: 3558: 3528: 3523: 3141: 2993: 2958: 2950: 2527: 2453: 2381: 2291: 2273: 2262: 1985: 1972:

refers to the celestial conflict described in Christian and Islamic texts, where the

1923: 1789: 1696:", the creator of the universe, disappears after creating primordial deities such as 1693: 1529: 1497: 1352: 1312:

steals the heavenly fire for humanity, enabling the progress of civilization. In the

1286: 1220: 1184: 1175: 1144: 994:. An approach which is both historical and comparative was recently proposed by E.J. 917: 559: 547: 492: 390: 380: 375: 333: 270: 193: 173: 168: 158: 143: 121: 101: 67: 43: 4973:. Edited by Juha Pentikäinen. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 1996. pp. 267–278. 4814: 527: 5012: 4897:

Sacrificed Wife / Sacrificer's Wife: Women, Ritual and Hospitality in Ancient India

4508:"Polyphemus (Aa. Th. 1137). "A phylogenetic reconstruction of a prehistoric tale". 4278: 3779: 3443: 3397: 3372: 3321: 3217: 3065: 2857: 2805: 2590: 2568: 2531: 2446: 2246: 2153: 2133: 1927: 1838: 1785: 1681: 1625: 1460: 1455: 1086: 1036: 785: 640: 564: 542: 537: 532: 487: 448: 443: 420: 363: 343: 320: 300: 280: 265: 116: 111: 81: 63: 4967:

Mythology as an areal problem in the Altai-Sayan area: the sacred holes and caves

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Leslau, Charlotte and Wolf Leslau. "The Creation of the World A Myth of Uganda".

4600: 4489:"Un ours dans les étoiles: recherche phylogénétique sur un mythe préhistorique". 3486: 3428: 3418: 3391: 3348: 3329: 3205: 3201: 3116: 3010: 2946: 2801: 2719: 2538: 2374: 2336: 2309: 2228: 1916: 1881: 1834: 1796: 1777: 1763: 1758: 1548: 1540: 1381: 1373: 1365: 1333: 1277: 1208: 1074: 944: 866: 780: 579: 517: 405: 395: 385: 358: 350: 295: 230: 220: 213: 203: 136: 126: 86: 3783: 3660:

E.J.M. Witzel, "The Origins of the World's Mythologies, New York : OUP 2012

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Many cultures have myths describing the origin of their customs, rituals, and

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Northup, Lesley. "Myth-Placed Priorities: Religion and the Study of Myth".

4498:"Le motif de Pygmalion : origine afrasienne et diffusion en Afrique". 3221: 2969: 2809: 2793: 2723: 2630: 2549: 2545: 2460: 2217: 2096: 1830: 1820: 1689: 1676: 1651: 1590: 1493: 1473: 1385: 1357: 1254: 1204: 730: 4857:

Mitra-Varuna: An Essay on Two Indo-European Representations of Sovereignty

4474:. Trans. Stanley Lombardo. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1993. 4282: 4140: 3149: 4955: 4890:

The Ravenous Hyenas and the Wounded Sun: Myth and Ritual in Ancient India

3548: 3518: 3513: 3503: 3433: 3305: 3260: 3229: 3225: 3056: 3002: 2998: 2667: 2356: 2257: 2126: 2088: 1912: 1781: 1721: 1602: 1528:, whose murdered corpse sprouts into the people's staple food crops. The 1368:

where Manu saves the Earth from the deluge by building an ark as well as

1150: 1039: 913: 612: 4086: 3325: 3060: 1992:, reinforcing the ultimate triumph of divine order over chaos and evil. 4942:(Mythologiques Volume Four). 1990. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 3563: 3508: 3452: 3341: 3311: 3165: 3129: 2977: 2636: 2060: 2040: 1792:, an older and more primitive divine race, and establish cosmic order. 1657: 1597: 1586: 1582: 1566: 1345: 1309: 1258: 1200: 1171: 1056: 956: 948: 905: 901: 763: 602: 3344:, the site of the final battle as accorded by the Book of Revelation. 1280:

refers to the archetypal man. In Sanskrit the term for 'human', मानव (

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Splitting the Difference: Gender and Myth in Ancient Greece and India

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Taylor, Archer. "The Biographical Pattern in Traditional Narrative".

4337: 3403: 3337: 3272: 3248: 3213: 3108: 3089: 3026: 2965: 2962: 2894: 2830: 2745: 2739: 2715: 2428: 2302: 2284: 2212: 2194: 2144: 2118: 1958: 1908: 1858: 1725: 1574: 1525: 1521: 1484:(though a mortal) has often been compared to Osiris and the myths of 1451: 1409: 1384:. The flood narratives, spanning across different traditions such as 735: 4780: 4571:

Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and genies from Arabia to Zanzibar

4433:. Trans. Philip Mairet. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. 4235: 3605:

USES OF COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY: Essays on the Work of Joseph Campbell

1866: 1424: 986:, which referred to the sky-god or, to give an English cognate, the 4236:"Familiar spirits in the Qurʾān: retracing the origins of the jinn" 3014: 2778: 2727: 2679: 2553: 2513: 2468: 2464: 2388: 2325: 1961:, the sun goddess, who symbolizes the restoration of cosmic order. 1729: 1709: 1578: 1489: 1397: 1291: 1066: 1010: 1003: 999: 850: 800: 768: 2861: 1297: 979: 4634:

Antichrist: Two Thousand Years of the Human Fascination with Evil

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Unlike the typical English notion of giants as gigantic humans, "

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Tehrani, Jamshid J., "The Phylogeny of Little Red Riding Hood",

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https://web.archive.org/web/20140630101827/http://www.jgmf.org/

4650:.Trans. Laurence Scott. Texas: University of Texas Press, 1968. 3333: 3233: 3100: 2918: 2902: 2889: 2838: 2821:). Instead, scholar Patricia Crone points to the demons of the 2781:) in bird-like form, with typical rooster feet, as depicted in 2711: 2699: 2675: 2486: 2482: 2410: 2392: 2347: 2320: 2298: 2092: 2009: 1989: 1935: 1889: 1885: 1633: 1617: 1509: 1481: 1469: 1389: 1317: 1224: 1212: 1188: 1069:

thinkers have identified stories similar to the Greek story of

795: 5006: 4180: 3071: 1945:, the conflict between gods and evil forces is highlighted by 1555:

all tell of a cosmic giant who is killed to create the world.

975: 4215: 3498: 3293: 3052: 3034: 2866: 2814: 2695: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2343: 2253: 2180: 1977: 1870: 1862: 1816: 1804: 1769: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1537: 1533: 1517: 1442: 1393: 971: 900:

Comparative mythologists come from various fields, including

703: 4935:(Mythologiques Volume Three). 1978. New York: Harper and Row 4801:

Aryan Idols. Indo-European Mythology as Science and Ideology

2893:, supernatural creatures mentioned twice in the Tanakh, at 920:, and they have used a variety of methods to compare myths. 892:'s reconstruction of many subsequent layers of older myths. 5051: 3282: 2989: 2789: 2730:

of Chinese mythology. Many other examples exist worldwide.

2707: 2687: 2671: 2509: 2504: 2316: 2235: 2149: 2140: 1954: 1901: 1697: 1637: 1552: 1266: 1196: 1108:'s illustrated edition of the Bible. Based on the story of 963: 845: 22: 5011:

New Comparative Mythology / Nouvelle Mythologie Comparée,

4928:(Mythologiques Volume Two). 1973. New York: Harper and Row 4548:

Oedipus Ubiquitous: The Family Complex in World Literature

5027: 3772:

International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews

3263:

settlers interpretation of their respective description.

2856:

Counterparts to Quranic jinn have been identified in the

2751:

In Norse mythology, the Ouroboros appears as the serpent

1667: 1437: 4777:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

4510:

Nouvelle Mythologie Comparée / New Comparative Mythology

4414:

Dimmitt, Cornelia, and J. van Buitenen, eds. and trans.

4309: 4297: 3120:

today's constellations were internationally recognized.

2586: 1988:, results in the expulsion of Satan and his demons from 1480:

are examples of the dying god, while the Greek myths of

1458:

compared these dying god myths in his multi-volume work

1336:

who recovered fire which had been hidden from humanity.

4921:

Volume One). 1990. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

4681:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Biological Sciences

2703: 2500: 1996: 1897: 1364:. Similar stories of a single flood survivor appear in 4775:

Watkins, Calvert. "Indo-European and Indo-Europeans".

4619:. Trans. Claire Jacobson. New York: Basic Books, 1963. 4318: 4157: 3266: 3148:

while the Norse believed in going to either Valhalla,

1636:, where a prophetic oracle lived. The story goes that 4947:

Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship

4885:. København: i kommission Hos Ejnar Munksgaard. 1949. 3439:

Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas

4588:

Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I".

3362: 2980:

of their ancestors escaping enslavement from Egypt.

1892:, who is often represented with monstrous forms. In 1320:

teach early humanity use of tools and fire. Per the

5052:

International Association for Comparative Mythology

4445:. Trans. Philip Mairet. NY: Harper & Row, 1967. 4439:. Trans. Willard Trask. NY: Harper & Row, 1963. 4164:Hans Daiber. "Introduction, text, and commentary". 3860: 3858: 3078:

List of astrological traditions, types, and systems

978:(cf. English Tues-day) evolved from an older name, 4873:. 1977. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 4425:Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return 3123: 3107:have existed since antiquity. For the zodiac, the 4962:. 1987. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 4824:The Implied Spider: Politics and Theology in Myth 4657:. July 2000. University of Georgia. 21 June 2008 4626:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973. 3607:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 6–7. 2744:Originating in ancient Egyptian iconography, the 1976:leads the faithful angels in a rebellion against 1670:who has cut off contact with humanity. Historian 1294:and is believed to be a discourse given by Manu. 5058: 5038:The Journal of Germanic Mythology and Folklore, 5013:http://nouvellemythologiecomparee.hautetfort.com 4852:. 1986. Berkeley: University of California Press 4845:. 1983. Berkeley: University of California Press 3855: 3033:tried to identify a common structure underlying 2829:and describe their activity of ascending to the 1159: 1116: 4458:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 3617:Segal, "The Romantic Appeal of Joseph Campbell" 2983: 1884:describes the conflict between the gods led by 1524:, tells of a miraculously conceived girl named 1298:Acquisition of fire for the benefit of humanity 4762:International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 4729:Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary 4574:. New York, NY & London, UK: I.B. Tauris. 4451:. Princeton University Press: Princeton, 2004. 4418:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978. 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 4546:Johnson, Allen, and Douglass Price-Williams. 2610: 1957:, culminating in his escape and the birth of 1810: 822: 4983:. 1991. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 4866:. 1978. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 4826:. 1998. New York: Columbia University Press 4550:. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. 4526:"Les mythes évolueraient par ponctuations". 4038: 4036: 3778:(9). Genesis Global Publication: 2919–2925. 3656: 3654: 2634: 4779:. 4th ed. 2000. Bartleby.com. 21 June 2008 4030:Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, p. 138 3765: 3577: 3072:Astrological traditions, types, and systems 2670:or dragon. A few notable examples include: 2651: 1949:’s struggle against the malevolent goddess 1203:molded men out of water and earth. Per the 1027:Claude Lévi-Strauss's approach to mythology 16:Comparison of myths from different cultures 4707:"The Romantic Appeal of Joseph Campbell". 4405: 4221: 2783:Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae 2686:, both of which are from Greek mythology, 2617: 2603: 829: 815: 4990:. 2010. New York: Oxford University Press 4975:https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110811674.267 4899:. 1996. New York: Oxford University Press 4808:The Myth Of The Western Magical Tradition 4787:The South African Archaeological Bulletin 4772:. Texas: University of Texas Press, 1999. 4609:. 2008. Indiana University. 21 June 2008 4033: 3651: 3099:Closely tying in with Astrology, various 2020:List of dragons in mythology and folklore 1632:believed in the centre of the universe - 4892:. 1991. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 4793: 4449:Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy 4233: 3642: 2940: 2768: 1733: 1423: 1096: 4882:Asiatic Influences in American Folklore 4567: 4557:. Trans. Marcus Dods and George Reith. 4324: 4163: 2003: 5059: 5001:Journals about comparative mythology: 4988:The Origins of the World's Mythologies 4655:Creation Stories from around the World 4653:Railsback, Bruce. "Pan Gu and Nü Wa". 4264: 4084: 3633: 3602: 3259:. The phrase possibly originated with 3179: 4979:White, David Gordon, Doniger, Wendy, 4726: 4463:Graves, Robert. "Jungian Mythology". 4303: 4189: 3007:Aarne-Thompson classification systems 2645: 1666:Many cultures believe in a celestial 1503: 959:have linguistically identical names. 4949:. 1999. University of Chicago Press. 4803:. 2006. University of Chicago Press. 3598: 3596: 3040: 1692:belief system. In Greek mythology, " 1229:Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era 4456:Frankfort, Henri. "The Dying God". 4227: 3747:Dimmitt and van Buitenen, pp. 71–74 3299: 3267:Afterlife (including Reincarnation) 1138: 13: 4338:http://www.jstor.org/stable/640134 3472:Parallelomania and parallelophobia 3023:The Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations 14: 5088: 5045: 4744:Journal of the Folklore Institute 4702:University of Massachusetts Press 3593: 2924: 1930:was a decisive clash between the 1061:Psychoanalytic literary criticism 1050: 1023:Structuralist theory of mythology 955:, and the Indian (Vedic) sky-god 4908:. 1995. New York: Schocken Books 4676:. London: Watts & Co., 1911. 4480:"Mythes, langues et génétique". 3766:Anzer Ayoob (1 September 2023). 3678:Ross and al. 2013; Tehrani 2013. 3365: 3353:Mesoamerican Long Count calendar 2585: 2075: 1454:mythologies. The anthropologist 1219:, made Ganesh from her skin. In 4785:Woolley, Leonard. "The Flood". 4382: 4369: 4356: 4343: 4330: 4258: 4133: 4109: 4078: 4054: 4045: 4024: 4011: 3999: 3986: 3973: 3960: 3947: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3897: 3884: 3871: 3843: 3834: 3821: 3805: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3714: 3702: 3693: 3681: 3318:End of the world (civilization) 3124:Orbis Alius (other earth/world) 2561: 1843:Indo-European mythology family. 1643: 1238: 5032:Mythological Studies Journal, 4971:Shamanism and Northern Ecology 4770:Inca Myths: The Legendary Past 4648:The Morphology of the Folktale 4091:Journal of Religion and Health 3672: 3663: 3620: 3611: 3424:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature 3328:shows the end of the world in 3047:Human cannibalism in mythology 2945:Ancient Roman relief from the 1745:Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem 1715: 1: 4731:. Princeton University Press. 4694:. Blackwell Publishing, 2000. 4427:. NY: Harper & Row, 1959. 4265:Grasso, Valentina A. (2023). 3570: 3292:continues to exist after the 3159: 2112:Proto-Indo-European mythology 2032: 1558: 1339: 1160:Creation of mankind from clay 1117:Creation of the earthly realm 1077:in those cultures. Likewise, 1016: 923: 895: 872: 4051:Hesiod, especially pp. 64–87 3708:Johnson and Price-Williams, 2984:Structure of hero narratives 2733: 1888:and the chaotic sea goddess 1403: 992:Proto-Indo-European religion 930:Proto-Indo-European religion 7: 5007:http://compmyth.org/journal 4933:The Origin of Table-Manners 4859:. 1988. New York:Zone Books 4683:, vol. 280 no. 1756, 2013. 4590:Youngstown State University 4561:. New Advent. 23 June 2008 4472:Works and Days and Theogony 4443:Myths, Dreams and Mysteries 4406:Decharneux, Julien (2023). 3784:10.55248/gengpi.4.923.92514 3603:Golden, Kenneth L. (1992). 3358: 2953:being suckled by a she-wolf 2186:Saint George vs. the Dragon 1674:calls this supreme being a 1432:impression showing the god 934:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion 10: 5093: 5024:Studia Mythologica Slavica 4843:The Destiny of the Warrior 4636:. NY: HarperCollins, 1994. 4399: 4085:Kelsey, Morton T. (1974). 3336:mythology, the end of the 3309: 3303: 3276: 3270: 3204:encompasses concepts from 3183: 3163: 3127: 3081: 3075: 3044: 2987: 2934: 2928: 2737: 2038: 2017: 2007: 1814: 1811:Anti-gods and Gigantomachy 1719: 1649: 1572: 1564: 1413: 1407: 1343: 1332:(3:9.5), speaks of a hero 1301: 1242: 1191:is created by the goddess 1169: 1163: 1148: 1142: 1120: 1054: 1020: 927: 4806:Clifton, Dan Salahuddin, 4521:, 30(1), 2013b: 115–118. 4493:, 20 (1), 2012b: 91–106. 4416:Classical Hindu Mythology 4271:Journal of Late Antiquity 4234:Falconer, Joshua (2019). 4066:worldviewpublications.org 2949:showing the infant twins 2845:18b) and the 8th-century 1512:. One such myth from the 1420:Descent to the underworld 1166:Creation of man from clay 1092: 859:psychoanalytical theories 5072:Anthropology of religion 4864:The Meaning of Aphrodite 4850:The Plight of a Sorcerer 4739:. London: Gresham, 1905. 4641:Religious Studies Review 4568:Lebling, Robert (2010). 4491:Préhistoire du Sud-Ouest 4340:. Accessed 21 Apr. 2023. 3296:of their physical body. 3059:mythology and religion, 2976:, the Israelites have a 1767:(gods) battle the older 1316:, the fallen angels and 1265:of Norse mythology, and 1089:of every person's mind. 5005:Comparative Mythology, 4871:Violence and the Sacred 4727:Sinai, Nicolai (2023). 4617:Structural Anthropology 4087:"The Mythology of Evil" 4062:"The Mythology of Evil" 3387:Development of religion 3316:Many myths mention an " 3290:stream of consciousness 2947:Cathedral of Maria Saal 2764: 2710:of Egyptian mythology, 5028:http://sms.zrc-sazu.si 4938:Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 4931:Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 4924:Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 4914:The Raw and the Cooked 4911:Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 4737:Celtic Myth and Legend 4717:Untitled book review. 4615:Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 4141:"Giants - Crystalinks" 3729:Segal, untitled, p. 88 3355:(aka Mayan calendar). 2954: 2786: 2661:struggle against chaos 2647:[ˈkaːɔsˌkampf] 2635: 1934:and the tribal leader 1932:Yellow Emperor Huangdi 1826:chaos, good and evil. 1747: 1740:The Fall of the Titans 1712:(Hell), among others. 1447: 1436:being tortured in the 1416:Dying-and-rising deity 1199:. In Greek mythology, 1113: 791:Religion and mythology 5067:Comparative mythology 4960:Comparative Mythology 4794:Selected bibliography 4698:Theorizing About Myth 4539:, 15, 2013d: 93–106. 4537:Les Cahiers de l'AARS 4484:, 247, 2012a: 25–26. 4460:21.3–4(1958): 141–51. 4283:10.1353/jla.2023.0007 3628:Theorizing About Myth 3304:Further information: 3277:Further information: 3208:, such as notions of 3164:Further information: 3128:Further information: 3076:Further information: 3045:Further information: 3031:Johann Georg von Hahn 2988:Further information: 2944: 2877:in inscriptions from 2835:Zoroastrian cosmology 2772: 2702:of Indian mythology, 2633:dragon. The motif of 2364:Zoroastrian mythology 2085:Comparative mythology 2039:Further information: 2008:Further information: 1815:Further information: 1750:Many cultures have a 1737: 1720:Further information: 1650:Further information: 1601:is often marked by a 1427: 1273:from Chinese mythos. 1245:Protoplast (religion) 1100: 1055:Further information: 1021:Further information: 844:is the comparison of 842:Comparative mythology 754:Comparative mythology 54:Aboriginal Australian 4981:Myths of the Dog-Man 4903:Lévi-Strauss, Claude 4895:Jamison, Stephanie, 4888:Jamison, Stephanie, 4753:, November 13, 2013. 4746:1.1–2(1964): 114–29. 4719:History of Religions 4692:Hero Myths: A Reader 4530:, 252, 2013c: 8–12. 4528:Mythologie française 4482:Mythologie Française 3699:Lévi-Strauss, p. 224 3382:Comparative religion 3247:is a concept of the 3245:happy hunting ground 2860:, especially in its 2823:Testament of Solomon 2694:of Norse mythology, 2476:Babylonian mythology 2004:Dragons and serpents 1966:Abrahamic traditions 1833:is a motif found in 1276:In Hindu mythology, 951:, the Roman sky-god 759:Comparative religion 721:Legendary progenitor 199:Continental Germanic 4926:From Honey to Ashes 4799:Arvidsson, Stefan, 4765:17.2(1998): 149–59. 4713:religion-online.org 4502:, 23, 2012c: 49–59 4145:www.crystalinks.com 3477:Religious pluralism 3462:Abram Smythe Palmer 3414:Claude Lévi-Strauss 3186:Plane (esotericism) 3180:Plane (esotericism) 2881:as well as broader 2825:who are subdued by 2796:creatures in early 2418:Canaanite mythology 2170:Christian mythology 2014:Serpent (symbolism) 1829:In particular, The 1044:Claude Lévi-Strauss 1035:proposed that many 508:Proto-Indo-European 4855:Dumezil, Georges, 4848:Dumezil, Georges, 4815:web.ics.purdue.edu 4810:. 1998. C&GCHE 4789:8.30(1953): 52–54. 4721:32.1(1992): 88–90. 4664:2020-02-15 at the 4611:copyediting-1.info 4599:2012-12-27 at the 4467:5.2(1952): 245–57. 4431:Images and Symbols 4351:Cosmos and History 4306:, p. 183–186. 4224:, p. 227–228. 3968:Images and Symbols 3942:Images and Symbols 3866:Cosmos and History 3457:Germaine Dieterlen 3192:esoteric cosmology 2955: 2851:Theodore bar Konai 2798:pre-Islamic Arabia 2787: 2521:Japanese mythology 2494:Egyptian mythology 2400:Romanian mythology 2202:Albanian mythology 2052:a Mythology series 1984:and alluded to in 1943:Japanese mythology 1909:Nartian traditions 1894:Egyptian mythology 1748: 1504:Creative sacrifice 1448: 1114: 1104:, frontispiece to 1087:unconscious levels 881:C. Scott Littleton 709:Legendary creature 425:Pacific Northwest 4986:Witzel, Michael, 4965:Tátar, Maria M. " 4862:Friedrich, Paul, 4735:Squire, Charles. 4700:. Massachusetts: 4688:Segal, Robert A. 4670:Robertson, John. 4646:Propp, Vladimir. 4643:32.1(2006): 5–10. 4581:978-0-85773-063-3 4555:The First Apology 4519:Rock Art Research 4465:The Hudson Review 3840:Frankfort, p. 141 3559:Three-legged crow 3529:Miraculous births 3142:realm of the dead 3041:Human cannibalism 2951:Romulus and Remus 2627: 2626: 2528:Susanoo no Mikoto 2454:Chinese mythology 2382:Persian mythology 2292:Hurrian mythology 2274:Hittite mythology 2263:Dobrynya Nikitich 1986:Islamic tradition 1982:Revelation 12:7-9 1974:archangel Michael 1924:Chinese mythology 1911:, along with the 1878:Mesopotamian myth 1498:Jesus of Nazareth 1428:Ancient Sumerian 1353:Epic of Gilgamesh 1221:Chinese mythology 1185:Epic of Gilgamesh 1176:Miraculous births 1145:Chaos (cosmogony) 974:and the Germanic 918:religious studies 839: 838: 5084: 4906:Myth and Meaning 4839:Dumezil, Georges 4829:Doniger, Wendy, 4732: 4585: 4437:Myth and Reality 4411: 4393: 4386: 4380: 4377:Myth and Reality 4373: 4367: 4364:Myth and Reality 4360: 4354: 4347: 4341: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4205: 4187: 4178: 4177: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4031: 4028: 4022: 4019:Myth and Reality 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3994:Myth and Reality 3990: 3984: 3981:Myth and Reality 3977: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3905:Myth and Reality 3901: 3895: 3892:Myth and Reality 3888: 3882: 3879:Myth and Reality 3875: 3869: 3862: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3832: 3829:The Masks of God 3825: 3819: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3600: 3591: 3590:Littleton, p. 32 3588: 3493:Specific motifs: 3444:Helena Blavatsky 3375: 3373:Mythology portal 3370: 3369: 3368: 3322:Extinction event 3300:End of The World 3253:Native Americans 3251:associated with 3218:personifications 2858:Book of Jubilees 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2619: 2612: 2605: 2591:Mythology portal 2589: 2572: 2565: 2532:Yamata no Orochi 2247:Slavic mythology 2134:Jewish mythology 2079: 2070: 2047: 2046: 1928:Battle of Zhuolu 1682:Baluba mythology 1626:Germanic peoples 1461:The Golden Bough 1456:Sir James Frazer 1211:, the mother of 1139:Primordial Chaos 867:human experience 831: 824: 817: 786:Pseudo-mythology 698:Related concepts 19: 18: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5057: 5056: 5048: 4993:Wise, R. Todd, 4945:Lincoln, Bruce 4796: 4711:. 22 June 2008 4709:Religion Online 4666:Wayback Machine 4630:McGinn, Bernard 4601:Wayback Machine 4592:. 22 June 2008 4582: 4553:Justin Martyr. 4421:Eliade, Mircea 4402: 4397: 4396: 4387: 4383: 4374: 4370: 4361: 4357: 4348: 4344: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4263: 4259: 4232: 4228: 4222:Decharneux 2023 4220: 4216: 4202: 4188: 4181: 4162: 4158: 4149: 4147: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4125: 4123: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4083: 4079: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3978: 3974: 3965: 3961: 3952: 3948: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3902: 3898: 3889: 3885: 3876: 3872: 3863: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3826: 3822: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3487:Samael Aun Weor 3429:Myth and ritual 3419:Joseph Campbell 3392:Georges Dumezil 3371: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3349:2012 phenomenon 3330:Norse mythology 3314: 3308: 3302: 3285: 3275: 3269: 3206:Norse mythology 3202:Norse cosmology 3188: 3182: 3170: 3162: 3134: 3126: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3049: 3043: 3011:Joseph Campbell 2996: 2986: 2968:, the mythical 2939: 2933: 2927: 2802:Islamic culture 2767: 2742: 2736: 2722:mythology, and 2720:Judeo-Christian 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2642: 2623: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2566: 2562: 2539:Aztec mythology 2337:Hindu mythology 2310:Greek mythology 2229:Norse mythology 2107: 2065: 2064: 2045: 2037: 2026: 2016: 2006: 1917:Aztec mythology 1882:The Enuma Elish 1835:Greek mythology 1823: 1813: 1797:Norse mythology 1759:Hindu mythology 1732: 1718: 1664: 1648: 1593: 1571: 1563: 1506: 1422: 1412: 1406: 1382:Aztec mythology 1374:Norse mythology 1366:Hindu mythology 1348: 1342: 1306: 1300: 1247: 1241: 1209:Hindu mythology 1178: 1168: 1162: 1153: 1147: 1141: 1125: 1119: 1095: 1085:present in the 1075:Oedipus complex 1063: 1053: 1029: 1019: 983: 936: 926: 898: 875: 835: 806: 805: 781:Lower mythology 749: 741: 740: 699: 691: 690: 626: 618: 617: 593: 585: 584: 435:Plains Indians 326:Native American 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5090: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5055: 5054: 5047: 5046:External links 5044: 5043: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5021: 5015: 5009: 4999: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4977: 4963: 4953: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4922: 4909: 4900: 4893: 4886: 4874: 4869:Girard, René, 4867: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4836: 4827: 4820:Doniger, Wendy 4817: 4811: 4804: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4783: 4773: 4766: 4756: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4715: 4705: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4627: 4622:Littleton, C. 4620: 4613: 4603: 4586: 4580: 4565: 4559:Church Fathers 4551: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4496: 4487: 4477:d'Huy, Julien 4475: 4468: 4461: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4419: 4412: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4381: 4368: 4355: 4342: 4329: 4327:, p. 120. 4317: 4308: 4296: 4277:(1): 162–163. 4257: 4226: 4214: 4200: 4179: 4156: 4132: 4108: 4077: 4053: 4044: 4032: 4023: 4010: 3998: 3985: 3972: 3959: 3946: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3896: 3883: 3870: 3854: 3842: 3833: 3820: 3815:; Tortchinov, 3804: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3738:Woolley, p. 52 3731: 3722: 3720:Graves, p. 251 3713: 3701: 3692: 3680: 3671: 3662: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3619: 3610: 3592: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3539:Mother goddess 3536: 3531: 3526: 3524:Hero's journey 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3449:Marcel Griaule 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3360: 3357: 3301: 3298: 3271:Main article: 3268: 3265: 3210:time and space 3184:Main article: 3181: 3178: 3161: 3158: 3125: 3122: 3113:Chinese Zodiac 3105:constellations 3073: 3070: 3042: 3039: 3037:hero stories. 2994:Hero's journey 2985: 2982: 2929:Main article: 2926: 2925:Founding myths 2923: 2885:demonologies. 2766: 2763: 2738:Main article: 2735: 2732: 2684:Lernaean Hydra 2625: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2573: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2542: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2524: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2507: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2421: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2367: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2350: 2340: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2330:Lernaean Hydra 2323: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2295: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2277: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2260: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2232: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2215: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2188: 2183: 2173: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2156: 2147: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2115: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2081: 2080: 2072: 2071: 2056: 2055: 2036: 2031: 2005: 2002: 1812: 1809: 1761:, the younger 1717: 1714: 1662:Urmonotheismus 1647: 1642: 1630:ancient Greeks 1565:Main article: 1562: 1557: 1505: 1502: 1408:Main article: 1405: 1402: 1378:Inca mythology 1344:Main article: 1341: 1338: 1326:Vedic Sanskrit 1324:collection of 1322:ancient Indian 1302:Main article: 1299: 1296: 1243:Main article: 1240: 1237: 1164:Main article: 1161: 1158: 1143:Main article: 1140: 1137: 1121:Main article: 1118: 1115: 1094: 1091: 1052: 1051:Psychoanalysis 1049: 1033:Vladimir Propp 1018: 1015: 996:Michael Witzel 981: 925: 922: 897: 894: 890:Michael Witzel 878:Anthropologist 874: 871: 837: 836: 834: 833: 826: 819: 811: 808: 807: 804: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 777: 776: 766: 761: 756: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 739: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 717: 716: 706: 700: 697: 696: 693: 692: 689: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 667: 666: 661: 653: 648: 646:Feral children 643: 638: 633: 627: 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 556: 555: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 479: 478: 473: 468: 467: 466: 461: 453: 452: 451: 446: 441: 433: 432: 431: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 367: 366: 361: 353: 348: 347: 346: 341: 336: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 140: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 35: 30: 29: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5089: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940:The Naked Man 4937: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4919:Mythologiques 4916: 4915: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4877:Hatt, Gudmund 4875: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4788: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4768:Urton, Gary. 4767: 4764: 4763: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4673:Pagan Christs 4669: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4607:Copyediting-L 4604: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4566: 4564: 4563:newadvent.org 4560: 4556: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4410:. De Gruyter. 4409: 4404: 4403: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4359: 4352: 4346: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4321: 4312: 4305: 4300: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4201:9783110444797 4197: 4193: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4048: 4042:Squire, p. 47 4039: 4037: 4027: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3982: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3906: 3900: 3893: 3887: 3880: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3859: 3852: 3846: 3837: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3675: 3669:Watkins 47–48 3666: 3657: 3655: 3648:Northup, p. 8 3645: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3614: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3576: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3554:Theft of fire 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3534:Multiple suns 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3482:Structuralism 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3467:Panbabylonism 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3398:Hamlet's Mill 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3363: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3280: 3279:Reincarnation 3274: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3257:United States 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3193: 3187: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3084:Constellation 3079: 3069: 3067: 3066:Kwakwaka'wakw 3062: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3019:Georges Polti 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2978:founding myth 2975: 2974:Old Testament 2971: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2937:National myth 2932: 2931:Founding myth 2922: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2810:fallen angels 2807: 2803: 2800:and later in 2799: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2780: 2777:אַשְמְדּאָי ( 2776: 2771: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2570: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2267:Zmey Gorynych 2264: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2191:Saint Michael 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2097:dragonslayers 2094: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2024:Snake worship 2021: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970:War in Heaven 1967: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839:Olympian gods 1836: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1786:Olympian gods 1783: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1752:creation myth 1746: 1743:(1596–98) by 1742: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1672:Mircea Eliade 1669: 1668:supreme being 1663: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514:Wemale people 1511: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430:cylinder seal 1426: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1347: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314:Book of Enoch 1311: 1305: 1304:Theft of fire 1295: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1287:Dharmaśāstras 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263:Ask and Embla 1260: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1123:Creation myth 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 988:divine father 985: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:Indo-European 935: 931: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 893: 891: 885: 882: 879: 870: 868: 862: 860: 856: 852: 847: 843: 832: 827: 825: 820: 818: 813: 812: 810: 809: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 775: 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264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 191: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 77: 73: 69: 65: 62: 60: 57: 55: 52: 50: 47: 45: 42: 40: 37: 36: 33: 28: 27: 24: 21: 20: 5000: 4997:, 1998. UMI. 4994: 4987: 4980: 4970: 4959: 4956:Puhvel, Jaan 4946: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4889: 4880: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4842: 4830: 4823: 4807: 4800: 4786: 4781:bartleby.com 4776: 4769: 4759: 4750: 4743: 4736: 4728: 4718: 4708: 4697: 4691: 4680: 4671: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4633: 4623: 4616: 4606: 4589: 4570: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4415: 4407: 4389: 4384: 4376: 4371: 4363: 4358: 4350: 4345: 4332: 4325:Lebling 2010 4320: 4311: 4299: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4217: 4191: 4165: 4159: 4148:. Retrieved 4144: 4135: 4124:. Retrieved 4120: 4111: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4069:. Retrieved 4065: 4056: 4047: 4026: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3993: 3988: 3980: 3975: 3967: 3962: 3957:, p. 259–260 3954: 3949: 3941: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3886: 3881:, pp. 99–100 3878: 3873: 3865: 3850: 3845: 3836: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3797:29 September 3795:. Retrieved 3775: 3771: 3761: 3756:Urton, p. 36 3752: 3743: 3734: 3725: 3716: 3709: 3704: 3695: 3688: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3644: 3635: 3627: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3492: 3491: 3409:Eliphas Lévi 3396: 3346: 3324:, aka ELE). 3315: 3286: 3242: 3232:, including 3222:anthropogeny 3200: 3196: 3189: 3174: 3171: 3166: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3117:Hindu Zodiac 3103:systems and 3098: 3087: 3050: 2997: 2970:Bagadjimbiri 2956: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2888: 2887: 2883:late antique 2874: 2855: 2846: 2788: 2782: 2774: 2760: 2757: 2750: 2743: 2724:Yu the Great 2631:polycephalic 2628: 2563: 2550:Quetzalcoatl 2546:Tezcatlipoca 2461:Yu the Great 2089:sea serpents 2084: 2068:Drachenkampf 2067: 2059: 2041: 2033: 2027: 1994: 1963: 1940: 1921: 1906: 1875: 1869:or Persian ( 1851: 1831:Gigantomachy 1828: 1824: 1821:Gigantomachy 1794: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1749: 1738: 1708:(Water) and 1690:polytheistic 1677:deus otiosus 1675: 1665: 1653:Deus otiosus 1652: 1645:Deus otiosus 1644: 1596: 1594: 1591:Tree of life 1567: 1559: 1530:Chinese myth 1507: 1474:Mesopotamian 1459: 1452:Near Eastern 1449: 1441: 1386:Mesopotamian 1358:Hebrew Bible 1351: 1349: 1307: 1285: 1275: 1255:Adam and Eve 1252: 1248: 1239:First Humans 1205:Hebrew Bible 1182: 1179: 1154: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1106:Gustave Doré 1101: 1064: 1030: 1008: 1004:Gondwanaland 987: 961: 937: 899: 886: 876: 863: 841: 840: 753: 731:Culture hero 575:West African 513:Proto-Uralic 355:Californian 311:Mesopotamian 5077:Mythography 5017:Ollodagos, 4659:gly.uga.edu 4353:, pp. 21–34 4117:"- Savitri" 4097:(1): 7–18. 3916:Railsback, 3907:, pp. 104–5 3849:Robertson, 3811:Frankfort, 3549:Swan maiden 3519:Golden Rule 3514:Earth diver 3504:Cosmic Hunt 3434:Mythography 3306:Eschatology 3261:Anglo-Saxon 3230:nine worlds 3226:eschatology 3003:Antti Aarne 2999:Folklorists 2899:Deuteronomy 2753:Jörmungandr 2692:Jörmungandr 2668:sea serpent 2443:Baʿal Hadad 2434:Baʿal Hadad 2425:Baʿal Hadad 2240:Jörmungandr 2127:Sea serpent 1913:Quinametzin 1857:), Celtic ( 1788:defeat the 1782:Titanomachy 1773:(demons). 1722:Titanomachy 1716:Titanomachy 1603:sacred tree 1328:hymns, the 1151:Ginnungagap 1040:fairy tales 914:linguistics 330:Algonquian 316:Micronesian 209:Anglo-Saxon 32:Mythologies 5061:Categories 4594:as.ysu.edu 4390:Hero Myths 4304:Sinai 2023 4211:3110444798 4150:2024-09-18 4126:2024-09-18 4121:savitri.in 4071:2024-09-18 3996:, p. 93–98 3827:Campbell, 3571:References 3564:World tree 3509:Cosmic Man 3453:Jean Rouch 3342:Armageddon 3312:Apocalypse 3310:See also: 3167:Underworld 3160:Underworld 3131:Otherworld 3082:See also: 2963:Australian 2935:See also: 2637:Chaoskampf 2567:Christian- 2407:Făt-Frumos 2375:Aži Dahāka 2061:Chaoskampf 2042:Chaoskampf 2034:Chaoskampf 2018:See also: 1955:underworld 1865:), Norse ( 1861:), Hindu ( 1837:where the 1778:Greek myth 1658:Sky father 1612:, ancient 1598:axis mundi 1587:World tree 1583:Mount Meru 1573:See also: 1568:Axis mundi 1560:Axis mundi 1549:Norse myth 1547:, and the 1541:Vedic myth 1438:Underworld 1414:See also: 1360:tell of a 1346:Flood myth 1340:Flood myth 1334:Mātariśvan 1310:Prometheus 1259:Abrahamism 1201:Prometheus 1172:Cosmic Man 1170:See also: 1149:See also: 1110:Noah's Ark 1102:The Deluge 1083:archetypes 1057:Archetypes 1017:Structural 957:Dyauṣ Pitṛ 949:Zeus Pater 928:See also: 924:Linguistic 906:literature 896:Approaches 873:Background 764:Euhemerism 570:Vietnamese 503:Polynesian 498:Philippine 476:Talamancan 306:Melanesian 276:Lusitanian 246:Indonesian 107:Cantabrian 72:Lithuanian 4512:1, 2013a 4366:, pp. 6–8 4291:1942-1273 4252:0393-6805 4103:0022-4197 3955:Shamanism 3792:2582-7421 3404:Carl Jung 3273:Afterlife 3249:afterlife 3214:cosmogony 3150:Folkvangr 3109:Mazzaroth 3090:astrology 2966:Karajarri 2895:Psalm 106 2831:firmament 2794:invisible 2746:Ouroboros 2740:Ouroboros 2734:Ouroboros 2716:Leviathan 2571:mythology 2469:Gong Gong 2371:Θraētaona 2303:Ullikummi 2285:Illuyanka 2213:Kulshedra 2195:Herensuge 2145:Leviathan 2119:Perkwunos 1959:Amaterasu 1859:Fomorians 1726:Theomachy 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In: 4751:PlosOne 4704:, 1999. 4400:Sources 4392:, p. 12 4388:Segal, 4021:, p. 94 3983:, p. 93 3970:, p. 44 3944:, p. 40 3868:, p. 20 3831:, p. 44 3687:Propp, 3639:Leonard 3626:Segal, 3255:in the 3238:Midgard 3154:Helheim 3146:Elysium 3094:I Ching 2879:Palmyra 2871:Mastema 2847:Scolion 2827:Solomon 2819:al-Jinn 2806:beliefs 2779:Ašmodai 2655: 2643:German: 2353:Krishna 2281:Tarhunt 2209:Drangue 2159:Gabriel 2093:dragons 2010:Dragons 1953:in the 1951:Izanami 1947:Izanagi 1871:Daevas) 1867:Jötnar) 1780:of the 1776:In the 1704:(Sky), 1686:Hereros 1545:Purusha 1486:Zagreus 1434:Dumuzid 1394:Islamic 1330:Rigveda 1217:Parvati 1195:out of 1183:In the 1071:Oedipus 1037:Russian 968:Jupiter 953:Jupiter 910:history 686:Sources 671:Objects 659:Culture 655:Heroes 641:Deities 560:Tibetan 493:Persian 391:Guarani 381:Choctaw 376:Chilote 334:Abenaki 271:Lugbara 251:Italian 236:Hittite 226:Guanche 174:Finnish 159:English 144:Chinese 122:Cornish 102:Catalan 68:Latvian 44:Arabian 4578: 4500:Sahara 4379:, p. 8 4289: 4250: 4240:Henoch 4209: 4198: 4172: 4101: 4007:passim 3918:passim 3851:passim 3817:passim 3813:passim 3790: 3710:passim 3689:passim 3236:, and 3234:Asgard 3224:, and 3115:, and 3101:zodiac 3017:) and 2919:Dybbuk 2915:shedim 2903:Talmud 2890:Shedim 2839:Talmud 2712:Yahweh 2700:Vritra 2676:Typhon 2569:Basque 2487:Tiamat 2483:Marduk 2447:Tannin 2411:Balaur 2393:Zahhak 2357:Kāliyā 2348:Vritra 2321:Typhon 2299:Teshub 2177:Christ 2154:Tannin 1990:Heaven 1968:, the 1936:Chiyou 1926:, the 1890:Tiamat 1886:Marduk 1863:Asuras 1855:Giants 1847:giants 1817:Giants 1799:, the 1790:Titans 1784:, the 1770:asuras 1728:, and 1706:Pontus 1702:Uranus 1660:, and 1634:Delphi 1618:Mayans 1589:, and 1538:Indian 1536:, the 1510:tubers 1482:Adonis 1478:Tammuz 1470:Osiris 1464:. 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