423:, the company that had printed the Comoran passports in September 2017, hoping he would give evidence. Semlex said Karaziwan would be available for questioning in November, but he did not attend for questioning. In 2018, the commission published a report that found that the UAE had informed the Comoros authorities in 2013 that hundreds of passports had been sold outside the Bidoon program. The report accused former Comoran presidents Ahmed Abdullah Sambi and Ikililou Dhoinine with "involvement in systematic fraud" and called for criminal action against the pair. The report claimed that thousands of passports had been sold outside official channels by 'mafia networks' and up to $ 100 million in revenues from the sale of passports was not received by the government and had gone missing. The report also claimed Ahmed Abdullah Sambi and Bachar Kiwan embezzled $ 105 million and $ 29 million respectively from the passport sales scheme. The state was found to have suffered $ 971 million in lost revenue due to mismanagement and corruption, about 80% of gross domestic product.
176:
240:
266:"Taken at face value, CGH is a limited-funding promoter with a long-term vision of the Comoros as a Gulf tourist destination. Given years of stagnant economic growth, it is unsurprising that President Sambi's government would welcome these investors. Even the active promotion to force through the economic citizenship law could be viewed in terms of investment promotion and assurances. Still, something does not add up and it is worth investigating whether CGH's growing influence in the Comoros is completely benign."
1212:
1249:
214:
483:, and other directors of Comoro Gulf Holdings were tried for high treason, embezzlement and money laundering of Comorian public funds allegedly diverted from the economic citizenship program. Sambi was found guilty and sentenced to life in imprisonment, former Vice President Mohamed Ali Soilihi was sentenced to 20 years, and Bashar Kiwan was sentenced to 10 years.
210:, the former Comoran minister responsible for promoting foreign investment, praised the expected $ 100 million from wealthy Gulf investors in support of the prospective law. In a Comoran parliament debate in July 2008, the parliament rejected the proposed economic citizenship law, claiming that it would be equivalent to auctioning off Comorian nationality.
297:(stateless resident) populations. According to ex-President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi, the UAE pledged to $ 200 million in exchange for the naturalisation of 4,000 Bidoon families who would obtain Comorian citizenship documents. In 2014, Mazen Al-Jarrah Al-Sabah, assistant undersecretary for citizenship and passport affairs at the Kuwaiti
259:, US diplomatic officials in Comoros asked their colleagues in the Gulf for more information on Bachar Kiwan, whose company, Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH) "actively and openly lobbied for a controversial 'economic citizenship law' that appeared to be rejected, then was passed at the National Assembly."
270:
Ahmed
Abdallah Sambi worked closely with Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH) during his presidency (2006 - 2011), during which the company monopolized investment and development in Comoros, controlling major portions of the media, banking, tourism, travel and construction industries. In 2007, Sambi appointed
301:
announced in an interview that the
Kuwaiti government was negotiating with Comoros to offer its Bedoon citizenship in exchange for economic benefits. He said that the process would start as soon as a Comoros embassy was opened in Kuwait in the next few months. The plan was ultimately scrapped after
463:
In August 2018, Comoros authorities charged former president Ahmed
Abdullah Sambi and Bachar Kiwan with corruption, embezzlement of public funds and forgery related to the sales of Comoros passports. Sambi was jailed, and in September 2018 appealed to the Supreme Court to be granted unrestricted
405:
said that the "vast majority of people who secured passports (outside the official program) are of
Iranian origin or are working for Iran," a situation which had "created problems for Comoros with regard to our partners in the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates".
236:, Sheikh Sabah Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah and Mohammed Abdulaziz Al-Otaibi, in which "deputies received laptops and other gifts." After passage of the law, the former secretary-general of the Comoros parliament, Aboubacar Said Salim, was hired by Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH).
434:
The parliamentary inquiry found that more than 2,800 Comoros diplomatic passports had been issued since 2008, which was unusually high for a country with a population of about 800,000. In the same period, at least 184 diplomatic passports were sold to non-Comorans.
93:(stateless) residents of those countries. Additionally, thousands of passports were alleged to have been sold outside formal channels by 'mafia' networks, to individuals including Iranians who were involved in sectors that had been targeted by
459:
in
Comoros as part of their investigation into passport sales. The parliamentary inquiry had concluded that former president Sambi's nephew "was able to go and print as many passports as he wanted" at Semlex's printing facility in Belgium.
418:
was elected president and in 2017 set up a parliamentary commission of inquiry to investigate the program providing citizenship to the UAE and Kuwait for the Bidoon. The commission summoned Albert
Karaziwan, the owner and CEO of
104:
had been sold to 52,000 foreigners, and that the government should have received $ 260 million in revenues, a sum equivalent to 40% of its gross domestic product. To date, large amounts of cash cannot be accounted for.
293:
After passage of the economic citizenship law, Bachar Kiwan marketed the opportunity to purchase
Comorian passports en masse to the governments of Kuwait and the UAE, for distribution to their local
1024:
134:, Syrian-French businessman Bachar Kiwan, and several other associates were formally charged with corruption and embezzling public funds in connection with the Comoros passport sales scheme.
232:
The new law was passed in
November 2008 after a number of "fact-finding" missions by Comoran politicians to Kuwait and the UAE organized by Comoro Gulf Holdings partners Bachar Kiwan,
58:. Proceeds from the program were intended to finance development in the country but were instead embezzled by the perpetrators of the scheme, which include Syrian fugitive businessman
20:
228:, Sheikh Sabah Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah, and Mohammed Al-Otaibi, pictured during a dinner with members of the Comoran parliament at the Sheraton Hotel, Kuwait City, in October 2008.
455:
said the searches were in connection to a case of possible money laundering and corruption. In May 2018, Comoros law enforcement officials raided the offices of
776:
657:
1200:
822:
1157:
1178:
681:
202:
would have discretion to grant citizenships. Promises of an investment of more than $ 100 million on behalf of wealthy Gulf investors were made by
1004:
989:
940:
744:
887:
51:
721:
1424:
97:, prompting concerns amongst diplomats and security officials in the west that the program was used by Iranians to evade sanctions.
1329:
452:
698:
430:"There was money that never reached the treasury. We need the money back from the people who profited – including the foreigners."
1193:
965:
916:
796:
541:
63:
1335:
256:
191:
74:
1393:
124:
1444:
1208:
1186:
1105:
849:
505:
604:
1341:
298:
206:, a Kuwait-registered firm operated by Bashar Kiwan, to sell the legislation to Comoran lawmakers. In 2008,
1270:
1129:
468:
199:
180:
131:
1419:
175:
1230:
203:
1439:
1429:
1388:
1025:"The controversial plan to give Kuwait's stateless people citizenship of a tiny, poor African island"
631:
564:
248:
195:
70:
873:
1398:
78:
402:
94:
77:
by the perpetrators as an opportunity to draw inbound investment into the
Comoros from wealthy
89:
as a deal to sell
Comoran citizenships en masse so they could be freely distributed among the
1434:
1304:
860:
244:
221:
187:
153:
program. Sambi was found guilty and sentenced to life in imprisonment, former Vice President
59:
1372:
1364:
1309:
480:
394:
233:
225:
217:
186:
The origin of the Comoros passport sales scheme can be traced to French-Syrian businessman
150:
142:
138:
101:
82:
777:"Inside the $ 100 Million Scheme to Send the Middle East's Most Unwanted People to Africa"
8:
1280:
472:
239:
154:
149:, embezzlement and money laundering of Comorian public funds allegedly diverted from the
983:
934:
1056:
506:"Exclusive: Comoros passport scheme was unlawful, abused by 'mafia' networks - report"
112:, a Belgian biometric document-maker owned and operated by Syrian-Belgian businessman
1275:
1032:
971:
961:
922:
912:
675:
398:
24:
656:
Bussche (Apache), Mark Anderson (OCCRP), Khadija Sharife (OCCRP) and Steven Vanden.
1299:
448:
113:
47:
415:
207:
120:
975:
926:
1413:
1036:
1238:
1082:
955:
906:
827:
658:"The Optimist Without Borders: Inside the Semlex CEO's Empire of Influence"
565:"Ex-Comoros president charged with graft in connection to passports scheme"
476:
456:
444:
420:
146:
109:
39:
243:
Comoros ex-President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi with French-Syrian businessman
1130:"Police search offices of Belgian company supplying passports to Africa"
100:
In 2018, the Comoros government announced in an official statement that
213:
157:
was sentenced to 20 years, and Bashar Kiwan was sentenced to 10 years.
35:
1248:
781:
726:
632:"Comoros says abuse of passports-for-cash scheme worries Gulf allies"
546:
823:"The bizarre scheme to transform a remote island into the new Dubai"
722:"Comores : l'ancien président Sambi jugé pour «haute trahison»"
171:
Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH) and 2008 Comoros Economic Citizenship Law
81:
investors, but after its passage was promoted to the governments of
19:
1009:
703:
1158:"Comoros Ex-Leader Held Over Passport Sales Demands Lawyer Access"
1211:
401:, passport sales to Iranians continued. Comoran Foreign Minister
137:
From 21 to 24 November 2022, Ahmed Abdullah Sambi, Bashar Kiwan,
55:
43:
69:
The 2008 Comoros Economic Citizenship bill that established the
957:
Offshore citizens : permanent temporary status in the Gulf
908:
Offshore citizens : permanent temporary status in the Gulf
745:"Comoros ex-president Sambi jailed for life for 'high treason'"
605:"As sanctions bit, Iranian executives bought African passports"
464:
access to his lawyer to defend himself in the corruption case.
294:
288:
90:
86:
393:, more than 300 Comoros passports were sold to Iranians while
443:
In January 2018, Belgian police searched the headquarters of
271:
Kiwan to the post of Honorary Consul of Comoros for Kuwait.
542:"Comoros ex-presidents embroiled in passport sale scandal"
198:
scheme in which his close associate, Comoros ex-President
1057:"Kuwait's stateless Bidun 'offered Comoros citizenship'"
699:"Comoros Ex-leader Refuses To Attend High Treason Trial"
1369:
Comoros United Company for Publishing and Distributing
426:
According to Foreign Minister Souef Mohamed El Amine:
1106:"How to make millions selling passports to Africa"
1411:
850:"Gulf Investment Group Influence in the Comoros"
119:The program was suspended by Comoros President
821:Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (11 November 2015).
1194:
680:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
655:
1201:
1187:
1087:Carnegie Endowment For International Peace
988:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
939:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
820:
16:Scandal of the sales of Comorian passports
774:
108:The passports were printed in Belgium by
1002:
409:
238:
212:
174:
18:
1083:"The Politics of Kuwait's Bidoon Issue"
302:being criticized by Kuwaiti lawmakers.
73:program was originally marketed to the
1412:
1080:
1330:Federal prosecutor's office (Belgium)
1182:
1152:
1150:
1100:
1098:
1096:
844:
842:
840:
838:
816:
814:
812:
810:
775:Salisbury, Peter (19 November 2015).
770:
768:
766:
764:
739:
737:
716:
714:
693:
691:
311:Comoros passports bought by Iranians
130:In August 2018, Comoros ex-president
1336:Assembly of the Union of the Comoros
953:
904:
626:
624:
599:
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595:
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591:
589:
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559:
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536:
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500:
498:
496:
447:in Brussels, as well as the home of
397:was president. Under his successor,
95:international sanctions against Iran
1394:2016 Comorian presidential election
1003:Kinstler, Linda (8 November 2015).
389:According to documents reviewed by
125:2016 Comorian presidential election
13:
1147:
1093:
835:
807:
761:
734:
711:
688:
54:launched by the government of the
14:
1456:
1425:Political scandals in the Comoros
1081:Weiner, Scott (20 October 2017).
621:
582:
554:
523:
493:
190:, who in 2006 began to lobby the
179:Comoran ex-President (2006-2011)
52:citizenship by investment program
1247:
1210:
1122:
1074:
1049:
1017:
996:
947:
898:
880:
789:
1217:Comoros passport sales scandal
649:
438:
32:Comoros passport sales scandal
1:
1342:Ministry of Justice (Comoros)
1235:Lica International Consulting
486:
467:From 21 to 24 November 2022,
282:
160:
123:following his victory in the
132:Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi
50:scheme in connection with a
7:
1358:Banque FĂ©derale de Commerce
249:Said Mohamed Cheikh stadium
10:
1461:
1365:Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH)
1231:Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH)
960:. Cambridge. p. 221.
911:. Cambridge. p. 220.
453:Belgian federal prosecutor
286:
204:Comoro Gulf Holdings (CGH)
1445:Corruption in the Comoros
1389:Corruption in the Comoros
1381:
1351:
1322:
1289:
1263:
1256:
1245:
1223:
196:citizenship by investment
194:to enact a controversial
165:
141:, and other directors of
75:Comoran National Assembly
71:citizenship by investment
1399:Comorian nationality law
277:
1005:"Passports to paradise"
305:
257:leaked diplomatic cable
888:"Aboubacar Said Salim"
868:Cite journal requires
797:"Citizenship for sale"
451:. A spokesman for the
432:
403:Souef Mohamed El Amine
268:
252:
229:
183:
27:
1305:Muhammad Bashar Kiwan
428:
410:Parliamentary inquiry
287:Further information:
264:
242:
216:
188:Muhammad Bashar Kiwan
178:
22:
1373:Al-Balad (newspaper)
1361:Comoro Gulf Aviation
1352:Assets and financing
1310:Majd Bahjat Suleiman
1271:Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
954:Lori, Noora (2019).
905:Lori, Noora (2019).
730:. November 21, 2022.
707:. November 22, 2022.
469:Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
395:Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
299:Ministry of Interior
262:The US cable added:
218:Comoro Gulf Holdings
200:Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
181:Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
151:economic citizenship
143:Comoro Gulf Holdings
102:Comorian citizenship
1281:Mohamed Ali Soilihi
894:. 12 December 2008.
892:Africa Intelligence
801:Africa Intelligence
473:Mohamed Ali Soilihi
312:
192:Comoros legislature
155:Mohamed Ali Soilihi
64:Comorian Presidents
1420:Financial scandals
1344:(Criminal charges)
310:
253:
230:
184:
28:
1407:
1406:
1318:
1317:
1276:Ikililou Dhoinine
967:978-1-108-63256-0
918:978-1-108-63256-0
855:. 5 January 2009.
550:. 4 October 2018.
399:Ikililou Dhoinine
387:
386:
25:Comorian passport
23:Front cover of a
1452:
1440:Money laundering
1430:Bribery scandals
1300:Albert Karaziwan
1261:
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1214:
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538:
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449:Albert Karaziwan
313:
309:
114:Albert Karaziwan
48:money laundering
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1377:
1347:
1332:(Investigation)
1314:
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1029:Washington Post
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869:
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848:
847:
836:
819:
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803:. 10 July 2008.
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494:
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441:
416:Azali Assoumani
412:
308:
291:
285:
280:
274:
168:
163:
145:were tried for
121:Azali Assoumani
62:and two former
56:Comoros Islands
38:, public funds
17:
12:
11:
5:
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870:|journal=
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319:Number issued
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208:Said Attoumani
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15:
9:
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1162:Bloomberg.com
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481:Majd Suleiman
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234:Majd Suleiman
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220:executives
1414:Categories
1257:Key people
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642:2022-09-30
614:2022-07-29
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516:2022-07-29
487:References
283:The Bedoon
255:In a 2009
161:Background
36:corruption
1338:(Inquiry)
1224:Companies
1037:0190-8286
984:cite book
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782:VICE News
727:Le Figaro
547:France 24
414:In 2016,
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676:cite web
1382:Related
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166:Origin
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278:Sales
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1033:ISSN
990:link
972:OCLC
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874:help
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