729:
PSA will usually require the seller to provide due diligence information to the seller in a timely manner and limit the buyer's time to terminate the deal based on its due diligence review findings. If the buyer terminates the transaction within the due diligence timeframe, the escrow deposit is commonly returned to the buyer. If the buyer has not terminated the agreement pursuant to the PSA contingencies, the escrow deposit becomes non-refundable and failure to complete the purchase will result in the escrow deposit funds to be transferred to the seller as a fee for failure to close. The parties will proceed to close the transaction in which funds and title are exchanged.
477:
1728:
38:
584:
1754:
704:(PSA) is drafted. Not all commercial property transactions utilize a Letter of Intent although it is common. A PSA is a legal agreement between the seller and a single interested buyer which establishes the terms, conditions and timeline of the sale between the buyer and seller. A PSA may be a highly negotiated document with customized terms or may be a standardized contract similar to those used in residential transactions.
1741:
1040:
187:– This category includes pad sites on highway frontages, single tenant retail buildings, inline multi-tenant retail, small neighborhood shopping centers, larger community centers with grocery store anchor tenants, lifestyle centers that blend both indoor and outdoor shopping, "power centers" with large anchor stores such as Best Buy, PetSmart, OfficeMax, and
728:
contracts, zoning and legal uses, physical and environmental condition, traffic patterns and other relevant information to the buyer's purchase decision specified in the PSA. In competitive real estate markets, buyers may waive contingencies in order to make an offer more appealing to a buyer. The
715:
phase, where the buyer makes a more detailed assessment of the property. Purchase and sale agreements will generally include clauses which require the seller to disclose certain information for buyer's review to determine if the terms of the agreement are still acceptable. The buyer may have the
531:
The timing of cash inflows and outflows is important to know in order to project periods of positive and negative cash flows. Risk is dependent on market conditions, current tenants, and the likelihood that they will renew their leases year-over-year. It is important to be able to predict the
554:. In 2024, office leasing volume rose to its highest level since 2020, but roughly 60% of active office leases went into effect prior to the pandemic. In Europe, approximately half of the €960 billion of debt backed by European commercial real estate is expected to require
532:
probability that the cash inflows and outflows will be in the amounts predicted, what is the probability that the timing of them will be as predicted, and what the probability is that there may be unexpected cash flows, and in what amounts they might occur.
700:. Letters of Intent are used to outline the major terms of an offer in order to avoid unnecessary costs of drafting legal documents in the event the parties do not agree to the terms as drafted. Once a Letter of Intent is signed by both parties, a
484:
Cash inflows and outflows are the money that is put into, or received from, the property including the original purchase cost and sale revenue over the entire life of the investment. An example of this sort of investment is a real estate fund.
684:
will market a property on behalf of the seller. Brokers representing buyers or buyers' representatives identify property meeting a set of criteria set out by the buyer. Types of buyers may include an owner-user, private investor,
558:
in the next three years, according to
PropertyMall, a UK‑based commercial property news provider. Additionally, the economic conditions surrounding future interest rate hikes; which could put renewed pressure on
693:. The buyer or its agents will perform an initial assessment of the physical property, location and potential profitability (if for investment) or adequacy of property for its intended use (if for owner-user).
732:
When a deal closes, post-closing processes may begin, including notifying tenants of an ownership change, transferring vendor relationships, and handing over relevant information to the asset management team.
154:
on levels 2–10, with retail on floor 1. When space allocated to multiple functions is significant, these buildings can be called multi-use. Local authorities commonly maintain strict regulations on
203:
Miscellaneous – This catch all category would include any other nonresidential properties such as hotel, hospitality, medical, and self-storage developments, as well as many more.
716:
right to terminate the transaction and/or renegotiate the terms, often referred to as "contingencies". Many purchase agreements are contingent on the buyer's ability to obtain
570:, not to mention social benefits of an efficient real estate sector. It is estimated that commercial property is responsible for securing around 4 million jobs across Europe.
197:
Land – This category includes investment properties on undeveloped, raw, rural land in the path of future development. Or, infill land with an urban area, pad sites, and more.
194:
Multifamily – This category includes apartment complexes or high-rise apartment buildings. Generally, anything larger than a fourplex is considered commercial real estate.
473:
are cash inflows, outflows, timing of cash flows, and risk. The ability to analyze these elements is key in providing services to investors in commercial real estate.
968:
542:
According to Real
Capital Analytics, a New York real estate research firm, more than $ 160 billion of commercial properties in the United States are now in
535:
The total value of commercial property in the United States was approximately $ 6 trillion in 2018. The relative strength of the market is measured by the
711:
deposit, which may be refundable under certain conditions, to a title company office or held by a brokerage in escrow. The transaction moves to the
1712:
856:"Green Buildings in Commercial Mortgage‐Backed Securities: The Effects of LEED and Energy Star Certification on Default Risk and Loan Terms"
177:– This category includes single-tenant properties, small professional office buildings, downtown skyscrapers, and everything in between.
1667:
648:
1173:
1044:
620:
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696:
If it is determined the prospective investment meets the buyer's criteria, they may signal their intent to move forward with a
17:
1072:
1672:
627:
601:
31:
979:
563:, complicate loan refinancing, and impede debt servicing could cause major dislocation in commercial real estate markets.
953:
1697:
720:
financing and buyer's satisfactory review of specific due diligence items. Common due diligence items include property
1495:
1178:
667:
634:
1780:
752:
536:
200:
Industrial - This category includes warehouses, large R&D facilities, cold storage, and distribution centers.
616:
108:
containing more than a certain number of units qualifies as commercial property for borrowing and tax purposes.
1652:
1632:
1097:
605:
1758:
566:
However, the contribution to Europe's economy in 2012 can be estimated at €285 billion according to EPRA and
1662:
1606:
1211:
1611:
1601:
1168:
757:
701:
1268:
1158:
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1065:
768:
933:
1128:
686:
476:
89:
902:
1744:
1410:
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641:
594:
1510:
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1236:
842:
403:
158:, and have the authority to designate any zoned area as such; a business must be located in a
1571:
1551:
1525:
1515:
1475:
1343:
1304:
1206:
1163:
1153:
1138:
1118:
804:"Commercial Leisure Property Valuation: A Comparison of the Case Studies in UK and Lithuania"
789:
784:
742:
147:
1732:
1485:
1415:
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1221:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1058:
762:
747:
27:
Buildings or land intended to generate a profit, either from capital gain or rental income
8:
1642:
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1294:
1199:
721:
690:
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65:
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543:
290:
155:
135:
93:
1616:
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914:
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815:
697:
105:
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1427:
324:
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174:
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188:
143:
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85:
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573:
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339:
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272:
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69:
820:
803:
1702:
1556:
1378:
1373:
1246:
1081:
918:
903:"Expected Returns and Expected Growth in Rents of Commercial Real Estate"
779:
555:
547:
480:
Graph showing the increase in price of commercial real estate in the US.
365:
302:
180:
61:
1021:
997:
1657:
1530:
608: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
551:
470:
461:. Residential income property may also signify multifamily apartments.
437:
347:
260:
240:
184:
101:
539:
which is composed of eight economic drivers and is calculated weekly.
37:
449:
399:
395:
264:
127:
97:
707:
Once a PSA is executed, the buyer is commonly required to submit an
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1309:
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441:
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119:
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Commercial real estate is commonly divided into five categories:
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725:
708:
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224:
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131:
77:
1050:
1398:
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81:
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801:
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413:
244:
802:
Maliene, V.; Deveikis, S.; Kirsten, L.; Malys, N. (2010).
574:
Commercial property transaction process (deal management)
527:
Capital expenses and tenant leasing costs Costs upon sale
808:
International
Journal of Strategic Property Management
457:
Of these, only the first five are classified as being
146:). In urban locations, a commercial building may
1772:
165:
162:or area zoned at least partially for commerce.
1713:List of housing markets by real estate prices
1066:
64:(buildings or land) intended to generate a
1753:
1073:
1059:
819:
668:Learn how and when to remove this message
1002:Real Property, Probate and Trust Journal
995:
934:"Commercial Real Estate and the Economy"
475:
36:
776:(Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate)
14:
1773:
966:
931:
900:
853:
498:Fees: Parking, vending, services, etc.
191:that usually house many indoor stores.
1054:
954:"US Office Market Dynamics - Q2 2024"
854:An, Xudong; Pivo, Gary (2018-01-03).
208:Categories of Commercial Real Estate
76:income. Commercial property includes
1740:
606:adding citations to reliable sources
577:
488:Cash inflows include the following:
32:Commercial Building (disambiguation)
41:A commercial office/retail building
24:
1698:Undergraduate real estate programs
932:AMADEO, KIMBERLY (July 31, 2018).
901:Plazzi, Alberto (26 August 2010).
795:
25:
1792:
1496:Investment rating for real estate
1032:
998:"A Primer on Real Estate Options"
969:"Real estate in the real economy"
518:Initial investment (down payment)
1752:
1739:
1727:
1726:
1038:
582:
521:All operating expenses and taxes
1080:
907:The Review of Financial Studies
753:Commercial Information Exchange
593:needs additional citations for
537:US Commercial Real Estate Index
524:Debt service (mortgage payment)
1653:Graduate real estate education
1098:Tertiary sector of the economy
989:
960:
946:
925:
894:
847:
836:
510:Tax credits (e.g., historical)
357:multifamily housing buildings
13:
1:
996:Gosfield, Gregory G. (2000).
829:
464:
1607:Real estate investment trust
1212:Extraterrestrial real estate
495:Operating expense recoveries
166:Types of commercial property
7:
1612:Real property administrator
1602:Real estate investment club
758:Commercialrealestate.com.au
736:
702:purchase and sale agreement
10:
1797:
1269:Private equity real estate
29:
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1544:
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1217:International real estate
1187:
1106:
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769:International real estate
689:, capital investment, or
469:The basic elements of an
354:Multifamily (apartments)
1411:Real estate transaction
1300:Real estate development
872:10.1111/1540-6229.12228
843:Investopedia Definition
514:Cash outflows include:
404:automobile repair shops
100:, and garages. In many
1781:Commercial real estate
1511:Real estate derivative
1471:Effective gross income
1237:Healthcare real estate
1045:Commercial real estate
967:Gareth, Lewis (2012).
698:letter of intent (LOI)
481:
122:purposes, and include
50:commercial real estate
42:
18:Commercial real estate
1668:Industry trade groups
1572:Exclusive buyer agent
1526:Real estate valuation
1516:Real estate economics
1476:Gross rent multiplier
1305:Real estate investing
1207:Corporate Real Estate
860:Real Estate Economics
821:10.3846/ijspm.2010.04
790:Real estate economics
785:Real estate investing
743:Corporate real estate
617:"Commercial property"
479:
40:
1486:Highest and best use
1452:Economics, financing
1416:Real estate contract
1310:Real estate flipping
1279:Residential property
1222:Lease administration
1174:United Arab Emirates
1047:at Wikimedia Commons
765:, a document used in
763:Estoppel certificate
748:Class A office space
722:financial statements
691:private equity firms
602:improve this article
459:commercial buildings
112:Commercial buildings
106:residential property
30:For other uses, see
1466:Capitalization rate
1461:Asset-based lending
1295:Property management
1200:Commercial building
1195:Commercial property
209:
90:multifamily housing
80:, medical centers,
54:investment property
46:Commercial property
1693:Real estate trends
1597:Real estate broker
1567:Chartered Surveyor
1521:Real estate bubble
1501:Mortgage insurance
1334:Adverse possession
1257:Luxury real estate
1232:Garden real estate
919:10.1093/rfs/hhq069
501:Proceeds from sale
482:
291:convenience stores
207:
136:convenience stores
118:that are used for
43:
1768:
1767:
1406:Property abstract
1389:Land registration
1349:Concurrent estate
1274:Real estate owned
1264:Off-plan property
1242:Vacation property
1227:Niche real estate
1043:Media related to
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334:medical centers,
156:commercial zoning
148:combine functions
88:, retail stores,
16:(Redirected from
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1592:Property manager
1491:Home equity loan
1394:Leasehold estate
1354:Conditional sale
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978:. Archived from
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913:(9): 3469–3519.
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321:office buildings
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175:Office buildings
134:buildings (e.g.
124:office buildings
78:office buildings
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985:on 2013-05-17.
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299:grocery stores
295:big-box stores
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277:movie theaters
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144:shopping malls
142:' stores, and
68:, either from
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1454:and valuation
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1438:Torrens title
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1423:Real property
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723:
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714:
713:due diligence
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694:
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680:Typically, a
672:
669:
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658:February 2024
650:
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640:
636:
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629:
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622:
619: –
618:
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613:Find sources:
607:
603:
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591:This section
589:
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579:
571:
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564:
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553:
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478:
474:
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462:
460:
451:
447:
446:poultry farms
443:
439:
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431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
409:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:machine shops
389:
386:
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382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
361:
360:
356:
353:
352:
349:
345:
341:
340:nursing homes
337:
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312:
308:
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296:
292:
288:
287:retail stores
285:
282:
281:
278:
274:
273:movie studios
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:sports venues
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:public houses
230:
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75:
71:
70:capital gains
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
1757:
1745:
1731:
1678:Land banking
1577:Land banking
1562:Buyer broker
1536:Rental value
1359:Conveyancing
1194:
1169:Saudi Arabia
1005:
1001:
991:
980:the original
975:
962:
948:
937:
927:
910:
906:
896:
863:
859:
849:
838:
814:(1): 35–48.
811:
807:
731:
706:
695:
687:acquisitions
679:
664:
655:
645:
638:
631:
624:
612:
600:Please help
595:verification
592:
565:
541:
534:
530:
513:
507:Depreciation
504:Tax Benefits
487:
483:
468:
456:
410:Agricultural
378:universities
366:cram schools
348:dispensaries
303:supermarkets
181:Retail Shops
169:
111:
110:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
1703:Urban decay
1557:Buyer agent
1379:Foreclosure
1374:Encumbrance
1247:Arable land
1159:Puerto Rico
1107:By location
1082:Real estate
866:(1): 7–42.
780:Real estate
556:refinancing
548:foreclosure
438:dairy farms
362:Educational
261:truck stops
241:restaurants
221:Hospitality
185:Restaurants
102:U.S. states
92:buildings,
62:real estate
1658:Green belt
1531:Remortgage
1315:Relocation
1114:Bangladesh
830:References
628:newspapers
561:valuations
552:bankruptcy
471:investment
465:Investment
450:fish farms
396:warehouses
384:Industrial
331:Healthcare
265:nightclubs
150:, such as
128:warehouses
120:commercial
98:warehouses
1643:Filtering
1633:Companies
1552:Appraiser
1433:Severance
1129:Indonesia
1014:0034-0855
888:158506082
880:1080-8620
442:pig farms
400:workshops
388:factories
336:hospitals
311:showrooms
309:, shops,
216:Examples
116:buildings
94:farm land
1775:Category
1733:Category
1638:Eviction
1582:Landlord
1384:Land law
1149:Pakistan
1093:Property
1022:20782208
737:See also
718:mortgage
422:orchards
374:colleges
253:stadiums
213:Category
1746:Commons
1663:Indices
1545:Parties
1344:Closing
1288:Sectors
939:Dotdash
642:scholar
544:default
434:stables
426:ranches
370:schools
344:clinics
152:offices
140:big box
1751:
1738:
1725:
1683:People
1617:Tenant
1443:Zoning
1164:Russia
1154:Panama
1139:Turkey
1119:Canada
1020:
1012:
886:
878:
726:vendor
709:escrow
682:broker
644:
637:
630:
623:
615:
418:fields
317:Office
283:Retail
249:diners
229:motels
225:hotels
132:retail
130:, and
82:hotels
74:rental
66:profit
1626:Other
1399:Lease
1188:Types
1144:Kenya
1134:Italy
1124:China
1018:JSTOR
983:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
884:S2CID
774:OOCRE
649:JSTOR
635:books
568:INREV
550:, or
430:barns
414:farms
245:cafes
86:malls
60:, is
1364:Deed
1010:ISSN
976:EPRA
876:ISSN
621:news
492:Rent
237:bars
114:are
1325:Law
915:doi
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816:doi
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