Collegiate secret societies in North America

1229:. The society was originally called the "Society of Societies" whose original intentions were to hold students accountable and enrich the lives of their peers and professors by calling out bad behavior, taking hooded walks called "CHI Walks" and hosting a bonfire at the end of each academic year called "CHI burning" where senior members would reveal themselves to campus. Today, CHI represents something very different and works on behalf of the college to represent the Longwood spirit—the blue and white spirit. Members make their presence known by leaving small "droppings" or tokens around campus, writing letters to Longwood students, faculty, and staff that celebrate their achievements, and the members of CHI "commend" members during their annual "CHI Burning" which remains to this day. The mark of the society can be found on the sidewalks of the campus, where their symbol (a simple geometric version of Ruffner Hall) is painted in blue. Students, faculty, and staff do not step on these symbols as a means of paying respect to the society, the Longwood spirit, and the preservation of said spirit. The physical presence of CHI can also be found on campus because the society has donated generously to many campus fundraising campaigns, and donated the CHI Fountain, located at the center of campus, which along its top stone, reads the public motto of the society. 1016:. While generally considered a secret society by the student body, the Stewards have claimed to be a predominantly alumni-built organization. The original organization was founded in 1982, eventually going public in 1988. The Stewards would continue to operate until the mid-1990s when the organization broke apart and the original group became defunct. Following this schism, the organization formed The Second and later the Third Stewards Societies, although the groups are not connected organizationally. The organization would put out public addresses in 2001 and 2020, claiming several service activities and defending their existence. In 2013, and 2020, the Stewards were the subject of a series of leaks, indicating that undisclosed members of the organization were part of student government. The group has been criticized for pushing a 461:. It still embraces the same basic tenets as established by its founders, led by John Logan Marshall in 1929. Tiger Brotherhood promotes high standards of social and ethical conduct while recognizing in its members an earnest devotion to Clemson, coupled with the integrity of character commensurate with a typical Clemson gentleman. The organization embodies an unequaled cross-section representation of the Clemson community. Students, faculty, and staff all work with the bonds of brotherhood to champion a closer relationship. One for all and all for one, with Clemson and its many traditions and undying spirit as the central focus, today provides a viable, flexible, and continuing forum for ideas and unending service to Clemson. For 90 years it has remained surrounded by an air of mystery. 1764:

Inductees may not be members of other societies. Officers include Princeps (chief officer), Quaestor, and Scriptor. The purpose of the Order is to promote friendship, goodwill, and social fellowship among its members. The Order of the Gorgon's Head was one of two "junior orders" established at the university in the 1890s. The two orders had written agreements that they would not attempt to recruit freshmen or sophomores. Each order had a lodge (the Gimghouls later built a castle), where members gathered for meetings and events. Each had secret rituals based on myths. Those of the Order of the Gorgon's Head centered on the myth of the Gorgons, three monstrous sisters prominent in ancient Greek and Roman lore.

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belonged to ThurtenE and membership varied from 4 to 14, before finally settling on a consistent 13. Members made themselves known at the end of their senior year during graduation by wearing a small skull pin and having the number “13” listed next to their names in Washington University's yearbook "The Hatchet". In recent years, the 13 new members are revealed when pieces of paper listing the names and the honorary symbol are posted around campus. ThurtenE found its purpose in 1935 when it was approached by the Chancellor to rescue the floundering student circus from the senior honorary, which had merged with another group. Since 1935, ThurtenE has held the

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in black. The society's colors are red, gold, and black, and they often commend members of the community with letters, tokens of achievement, and other gifts. Princeps, meaning "leader" in Latin, also awards paper cutout versions of their symbol, the seven, to students who achieve both Dean's List and President's List. Those who achieve Dean's List receive a black seven and those who achieve President's List receive a red seven. Princeps also recognizes students with wooden sevens, and the senior members of the society reveal themselves on graduation morning on the front steps of Lancaster Hall, home to the President's Office, at 7:07

1899:, founded 1963, who are only seen in public in purple robes and hoods and who seek to "safeguard vigilantly the University traditions". The A.N.G.E.L.S. Society started sometime in the late 1900s is known to place white roses and letters on doors of those mourning, needing encouragement, or showing "kind behavior" to others. They are known to promote a stronger community of kindness throughout the university, completing many acts of service for students and faculty. Many of the secret societies listed contribute to the university either financially or through awards or some other form of recognition of excellence at the university. 651: 479:, the first secret honor society on record is the Skull and Scroll Society founded in 1908. Members of the Skull and Scroll wore white hats with a black skull and scroll added to them. The Gorgon's Head was founded in 1912 and chose people for traits such as character, distinguished service, and achievement. Its members wore black hats with a golden emblem. These two organizations competed with each other until 1934 when they merged to create the Konosioni senior honor society, now called Tredecim Senior Honor Society. Tredecim is no longer a secret society but is now seen as a leadership society. 735:. This society keeps the strictest silence about its membership and mission. As such, its members are not well-known on campus. The secrecy around this group drove Samantha Lachman to investigate the society in 2013. Her subsequent article, "Trasked with Secrecy", revealed many of the secrets of the group. She discovered the names of several prominent members, that the red roses & white carnations sometimes found at the base of the James B. Duke statue on West Campus are their calling card, and even that they have uninhibited access to the Duke University Chapel for their Initiation Rites. 1831:

Convention in February 1806, the members of Philomathic voted to split into two societies, Clariosophic and Euphradian. Two blood brothers picked the members for the new groups like choosing sides for an impromptu baseball game. John Goodwin became the first president of Clariosophic. Other early presidents include Stephen Elliott, Hugh S. Legaré, George McDuffie, and Richard I. Manning. The Society was reactivated in 2013 and became co-ed. The membership process and society roster are secretive and closed to the public. Members are identified by a key insignia on their diplomas.

1716:, and Rollins Society each use the Tap Day ceremony after the year to reveal the members who were initiated over the past year. Missouri is one of the few remaining institutions in which the local Omicron Delta Kappa and Mortar Board chapters carry out much of their work in secrecy. The Jefferson Society, which attempted to take part in Tap Day and was denied, claims to have been around since 1862. In addition to Tap Day activities, several of the societies maintain a public presence during some athletic events. QEBH is the caretaker of the Victory Bell, along with Nebraska's 1162:

per semester who have outstanding college careers and fulfill the organization's 8 supposed core values: Loyalty, Benevolence, Service, Justice, Integrity, Intellect, Character, and Spirit. However, this is not their only known function, IN8 also provides philanthropic gifts to the university. The sundial located by the Quad, which is a famous landmark for many of the students, was donated by the group. IN8 hosts a website bearing their emblem which states “The IN8 Foundation is a benevolent charitable organization supporting the James Madison University community.”

762:. In 2021, Ducemus was accused of attempting to manipulate Emory's student government elections by a member of its legislature, which led to a trial presided by the student judicial council. The accusatory plaintiff claimed that members of the secret society, who allegedly held positions in student government and various student organizations, attempted to sway the elections in their favor and secure positions for their members. The student judicial council ruled in the plaintiff's favor and disqualified the allegedly Ducemus-backed candidates. 2007:

societies, three junior societies, two sophomore societies, and two freshman societies. All the societies were independent, all had their traditions, and each class-year pair or trio shared common traits appropriate to their class year; the freshmen societies were rambunctious and owned little real property, the sophomore and junior ones were progressively more elaborate, (the sophomore ones regularly maintained live theater in their halls), and the senior ones were extremely small and elite, and with quite expensive property and celebrations.

671:'s Office of Residential Life states that the earliest senior societies on campus date to 1783 and "continue to be a vibrant tradition within the campus community". Six of the eight senior societies keep their membership secret, while the other societies maintain secretive elements. According to the college, 25% of the senior class members join a senior society. The college's administration tracks membership and tapping lists, and differs from that of Yale's, though there are historical parallels between the two colleges' societies. 4496: 4316: 4100: 3302: 2252: 5741: 5526: 1888:(formerly Zeta), which was founded in 1892, the IMP Society, reformulated in 1913 after the Hot Feet were banned in 1908, and Eli Banana, are still active at the university today. The Thirteen Society was founded on February 13, 1889. After an unknown period of inactivity, they reemerged in 2004. Currently, The Thirteen Society operates as a mainly honorary society for those who demonstrate "unselfish service to the University and excellence in their respective fields of activity." 5983: 5891: 4811: 4285: 4254: 4162: 4070: 2746: 5279: 4651: 4589: 4408: 4378: 3240: 2870: 2160: 1640: 1170:

grievances against people or things they encounter. This society was founded in 2019 by Emily Chavez, Casey Brewer, and Angilxander Lonzon, and they were known as Bumi, Mort, and Appa, respectively. When they graduated, they revealed themselves and passed the society down to new people. It is believed that whenever a member of Missed Connections graduates, they will reveal themselves to the James Madison University community and further pass their position to a new person.

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leaders to become members during their senior year, organize social and service activities throughout the year, and maintain an extensive network of successful and notable alumni. In addition, there are several other groups called "secret societies". These groups generally denote a social club that is independent of any official organization. For this reason, the society is not regulated by the university and is not accountable to a national organization.

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money to the university and for upholding the school’s historic values. They have been criticized for their secrecy and many of their activities include running around dressed in all black and masks late at night as well as drawing their symbol all over campus. They have been known to run through the Sorority houses, talking in high voices and attempting to wake everyone in the houses up.

1040:, a biblical figure said to be the forefather of a race of giants. Although not founded as a secret society, Anak has kept its activities and membership rosters confidential since 1961. Membership is made public upon a student's graduation or a faculty member's retirement. The Anak Society's membership comprises at least 1,100 Georgia Tech graduates, faculty members, and honorary members. 1206:

and service to Loyola. In the spirit of Jesuit ideals, the Society serves as an advisor to the University executives by identifying and communicating issues of significance. As engaged members of the community, the Society empowers students across the University to live the magis.” While the society is acknowledged to exist, they members and overall selection process remains elusive.

921:, although many are rumored to exist. Quaternion, which dates back to 1903, taps four juniors and four seniors each year in the late winter or early spring. The selection process is guarded but is thought to be controlled by current Quaternions currently in residence at the school. The initiation ritual and all group meetings take place in the Old College, the original building where 1001:. The Jesuits were hostile to college fraternities and societies that tried to form at Georgetown like at other colleges in the 19th century because they could not control them, but the hostility had waned by 1920. One century later, Georgetown has several fraternities and sororities, independent of the university, and a few all-male, all-female, and co-ed secret societies. 708:

Throughout the 1960s, both societies faced charges of elitism and struggled to tap students at an increasingly hostile university. In 1968, the White Duchy disbanded, and in 1971, the Order of the Red Friars was disbanded by alumni who determined that the group had outlived its usefulness. However, rumors surrounding its continued, albeit modified, form exist today.

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eight letters to students and faculty who have significantly impacted their society to let them know that their work does not go unnoticed. In addition, in 2003, they donated a human sundial, a spot in the middle of campus where a person stands on a particular month’s mark and casts a shadow on plaques six or seven feet away that designates the time.”

1327:) based on class standing and extracurricular involvement. These groups were temporarily governed by a "Hat Society Council" which was made up of representatives from each organization from 1948 to 1958. Hat societies were involved in University life passing down traditions (called "freshmen customs") for first-year students, forming honor guards for 1884:, founded circa 1905. Two decades before, there had been a chapter of the Mystical 7 society at Virginia, which may have been an inspiration. Nothing is known about the Seven Society except for their philanthropy to the university; members are revealed at their death. A few other societies flourished around the turn of the 20th century, such as the 1778:. In 2012, the society gifted $ 888.88 to the Student Enrichment Fund, a student-created fund allowing students to apply for grants to attend off-campus events such as speeches, conferences or other academic or extracurricular opportunities. The significance of the digit '8' comes from the symbol for infinity that resembles an eight on its side. 1524:, outlawed secret societies because he believed they were “undemocratic.” Davis required groups to stop “all official activities.” However, Smith College Special Collections says, “records indicate that both organizations continued unofficially until the mid-1960s” with available documentation ceasing during the 1965–1966 academic year. 969:, displayed prominently in the center of campus. The Order takes its oath from a plaque located on the front of the hippo statue, which reads, "Art for wisdom, Science for joy, Politics for beauty, and a Hippo for hope." The Order has a ritual book, which is passed down from year to year and the main aim of the group is to enact 1182:. Most of these societies were founded around the 1890s at the beginning of the university and played a significant role in the early development of the student body. This includes the Cane Club, The Ananias Society, The Senior Society, The Ubiquiteers, the Tau Club, and the De Gang. These historic secret societies are either 1563:. Founded in 1923 by student leaders organizing Dad's Day, the group of students decided to create a leadership honorary society. Florida Blue Key eventually came to hold the responsibility of organizing Homecoming, Gator Growl, the Miss UF Beauty Pageant, and the Florida Blue Key High School Speech & Debate Tournament. 778:. Burning Spear was founded on July 14, 1993. Though not much is publicly available on the dealings of the organization, members often cite the provision of political, professional, and financial support of FSU community members and efforts that strengthen the university's traditions as two of their most basic ambitions. 860:, the organization is said to exist in some form to this day under the name The Second Sodality, at which point it transitioned to being more identifiable as a secret society: hiding membership, meeting at odd times, and communicating through codes and riddles. The chapel atop the administration building, now known as 1818:, an all-male secret society founded in 1925 that is one of the oldest student organizations on campus. The three pillars of Tejas are scholarship, leadership, and friendship, representing a desire to attract and mold male student leaders on campus. Its membership process is secretive and closed to the public. 2006:

encompasses organizations with many shared but not identical characteristics. The oldest surviving undergraduate secret societies at Yale parallel various 19th-century fraternal organizations. In the traditional Yale system, societies were organized by class year. There were two, (then three), senior

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Chapter of Chimes Junior Honorary, founded in 1948 as a women's group, is a group of juniors who share values of scholarship, leadership, and service. Each class works together for one year on programming for Wash U's campus, the internal Chapter, and the chosen partner philanthropy, with the freedom

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are largely unknown. Cadaver has been in continuous operation since its founding in 1957. The Cadavers have a bridge that bears their name, connecting the main campus to Wilson Field, as well as their symbol in many prominent places throughout the campus. Cadavers are known for donating large sums of

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was founded in 1896 by Darius Eatman, Edward Kidder Graham, Ralph Henry Graves, Samuel Selden Lamb, Richard Henry Lewis Jr., and Percy DePonceau Whitaker. Membership has always been limited to male members of the junior, senior, professional, and post-graduate classes along with male faculty members.

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Palladia Secret Society was founded in the early 1960s as the highest honor a woman can attain at the University of Georgia. Palladia inducts approximately twelve women each fall and has an extensive network of alumni, including administrators at the University of Georgia and prominent female leaders

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on campus happenings. The society originated in 1958 and was initially the work of class of 1960 graduates Martha Tams Barthold, Jean Wentworth Bush Guerin, Alice Taylor Holmes and Thomasine Wilson. The tradition was passed down to young women (and later men) from subsequent classes and has waxed and

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The third-oldest and second-longest consistently operating secret society at Longwood is Princeps, which was founded in 1992 on the premise of promoting citizen leadership and academic excellence. The society is represented by the number seven, with a seven-point crown above the number, most commonly

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Final clubs are secretive about their election procedures, and they have secret initiations and meetings. However, there is little secrecy about who is a member. They are larger than secret societies generally, with approximately forty students per club. Guests are admitted under restrictions. "Punch

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quoted Associate Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of Students, Sue Wasiolek T'r76, claiming that "the Old Trinity Club has died, or at least in terms of its original manifestation. The way it manifests today is very different than when it was at its finest." It is said that students do not

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Society (1827); many continue today as American collegiate social fraternities (and, later, sororities). Sigma Phi remains the oldest continuously operating national collegiate secret society; it may have declined the founding members of Skull & Bones a charter before they formed their society. A

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was the sciences and engineering college of Yale University, and it also had a fraternal culture that differed in some respects from the humanities campus. Many societies have owned meeting halls, with different accommodations. Following the example of Skull & Bones, the halls are often referred

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Each of the societies had a link in the class year before and after it; that is, members of one freshman society would all get elected to the same sophomore society year after year, and so on so that there were two or three parallel sets of linked societies. From time to time, there would be a coup,

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is a literary society founded in 1806 at the University of South Carolina, then known as South Carolina College. It was formed after the splitting of the Philomathic Society, which had been formed within weeks of the opening of the college in 1805 and included virtually all students. At the Synapian

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debating societies. Phi's membership is secretive and difficult to discern because no more than ten active "Phis" exist at one time: Phis usually receive offers at the end of their third year. As an adaptation to Princeton's stringent anti-society rules, each active class does not meet the preceding

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The IN8 Foundation was mentioned in The Insider's Guide to the Colleges, 2009. Writing on student involvement at James Madison University, Insider Guides states that IN8 is “Not necessarily the most popular but one of the most famed among these is IN8, JMU’s secret society. Every year, it gives out

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There are also several strongly rumored secret societies with less documentation including The Magnolia Society, which has formed within the past decade and taps men and women from all classes into something like an elitist supper club. Magnolians, as they are called, can be identified only on their

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in 1954. Membership is reserved to about thirty members of the Fordham College at Rose Hill senior class "recommended by their prominence and influence in extracurricular endeavors during their first three college years, having contributed in a significant and preeminent way to the vibrant spirit of

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This process lasted from the 1840s to the 1910s. This system kept Yale out of the more typical intercollegiate college fraternity system, although some regular college fraternities were created out of the Yale system. Yale-type class societies also extended across northeastern colleges. This system

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ThurtenE was formed in 1904 as a secret society of junior men chosen for their leadership, character, and participation in campus activities. Not much is known about the founding of the group or its selection process from the early years other than the fact that only the members themselves knew who

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Many secret societies exist as honoraries on one campus and may have been actual meeting societies at one time, kept alive by one or two dedicated local alumni or an alumni affairs or dean's office person, who see to it that an annual initiation is held every year. Some of these state that they are

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There are typical attributes of the Yale societies. They are often restricted by class year, especially the senior class. They usually have fifteen members per class year. They "tap" their members, mostly on the same "Tap Night", and a member is off-limits to recruitment by another secret society,

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was the last military academy to outlaw secret societies, doing so in 1998. The stated reason for doing so was controversy regarding hazing and abuse of cadets. Before the ban, Norwich was home to a handful of long-standing secret societies such as the Old Crow Society, Night Riders, and Skull and

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has had a few secret societies The Green and Grey Society, named after the school’s colors, was established in 1989. The school selects “a small number of men and women from the senior class who demonstrated excellence in academic, personal, and spiritual integration and a commitment to leadership

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Founded for members who value friendship and privacy to enjoy the arts together, the Blue Jay Supper Society is the only active secret society with open applications at Johns Hopkins. The supper society looks for brilliant misfits and creative types, and accepts applications from undergraduate and

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The second secret society at James Madison University is called Missed Connections. This society is known for its Instagram page that posts anonymous messages from students at James Madison University. These messages can range from talking about acts of kindness that they experienced on campus, to

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has two known secret societies. The first is called IN8 (pronounced /ɪˈneɪt/). The name references the college's founding in 1908 and the emblem of the organization consists of an infinity sign with an ‘I’ and ‘N’ embedded within the curve. Most notably, IN8 is known for its laud of eight students

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was founded in 1913 with the initial purpose of promoting school spirit. Later, the group changed its mission to focus more on fostering loyalty to Duke University. The Order, as it was colloquially known, was semi-secret. This is because the selection of new members, known as tapping, was held on

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In the early twentieth century, Cornell students belonged to sophomore, junior, and senior societies, as well as honorary societies for particular fields of study. Liberalization of the 1960s spelled the end of these organizations as students rebelled against the establishment. The majority of the

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One key concept in distinguishing secret societies from traditional fraternities and sororities is that, on campuses that have both kinds of organizations, one can be a member of both. That is, membership is not mutually exclusive. Usually, being a member of more than one traditional fraternity or

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Senior Society was founded in 1922. None of these societies was intended to be secret, in that their undergraduate and alumni membership were and continue to be publicly known, they share many of the characteristics of undergraduate secret societies of the time; they tap a diverse group of campus

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football game each year. The Friars Chapter of Mortar Board exchanges a gavel with Nebraska (The Black Masque Chapter of Mortar Board) at each MU-UNL football game, symbolizing the rivalry between the Universities. Mystical Seven and Oklahoma's Pe-et Society were likewise entrusted with the Peace

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was founded in May 1925 by the Order of the Red Friars as an organization for outstanding females. From 1925 on, new members were tapped into the order by the seven members of the White Duchy from the previous year. Members were known by the white carnation they wore on specific days of the year.

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The University of Chicago has never had a substantial number of active secret societies; indeed, shortly after the university's founding, the faculty of the university released a resolution suggesting that the exclusionary structure of many such societies made them antithetical to the democratic

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was passed up for membership and decided to create his own, rival society. The Old Trinity Club is the most visible society on campus today, as its members are seen walking around campus wearing black graduation gowns and sunglasses on certain days of the year. They follow a set pattern, holding

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The Panhellenic sororities also have a secret society known as Trust of the Pearl, which inducts five accomplished sorority women each spring. The Sphinx Club is the oldest honorary society at the University of Georgia, recognizing students, faculty, staff, and alumni who have made significant

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Throughout its existence, Florida Blue Key has been caught in numerous scandals concerning its control over UF's student government. The organization paid $ 85,000 in a settlement to Charles Grapski for defamation in the 1995 UF student government elections. The subsequent trial determined that

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that, "In addition to the regular fraternities, there are Eastern college societies which draw members from only one of the undergraduate classes, and which have only a few features of the general fraternity system." From Wesleyan, the practice spread more widely across the Northeast, with full

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is known for one secret society, the Oval Club. Founded in 1907, the Oval Club was founded to "promote student unity and cooperation, develop cultural leaders and preserve traditions of the University of Washington". Records for Oval Club meetings have been kept by the University of Washington

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to follow their path for the year. Each member has a name assigned to them that represents an aspect of what they bring to the Honorary (such as intrepidity or flair). Their main campus program is Chimes Week, which explores a particular theme. Like ThurtenE, Chimes has been co-ed since 1991.

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Lock & Chain was created in 1904 by six sophomore men. Since then, the honorary has expanded to 15 members from different backgrounds. Students are chosen during the spring from the freshman class based on academic merit, extracurricular involvement, leadership capabilities and roles, and

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Phoenix, (formerly known as Adara) holding to astrological roots, was formed in the late 1970s by the women leaders on campus. In the early 1980s, they joined the tower society and occupied the sixth floor of the tower just below Michigamua. Phoenix, alongside Order, is now co-ed. Phoenix was

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in 1876. At the turn of the 20th century, Rutgers had developed two full sets of class year societies based on the Yale model, down to the freshman societies such as the Chain and Bones and Serpent and Coffin. The senior class societies at Rutgers included the Brotherhood of the Golden Dagger

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It is from this class society's historical base and the desire to emulate the best-known of all the class societies, Skull & Bones, that senior societies in particular began to spread nationally between 1900 and 1930. Junior, sophomore, and freshman class societies also are to be found at

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A.O.H’s color was green and the Orangemen’s was orange. The Orangemen wore cloaks with orange hoods and also had orange hats in which they paraded around campus. A.O.H. also had activities including giving out special names to new members. According to Smith College Special Collections, both

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way to or from a "happening" by the sweetgrass rose they wear on their breast. The Black Swan or Paladin Brotherhood was a darker organization rumored to have operated on and off from the late 1940s to the mid-1980s, utilizing the unfinished attic of Judson dormitory for occult rituals.

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or sororities, literary societies, honorary groups, and pre-professional fraternal can have similarly secret rituals but do not keep their membership secret. Some secret societies have kept their membership secret until graduation; others never reveal membership until death. Some, like

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from ever becoming full four-year institutions at Yale. They remained junior class societies there. There were sophomore and freshman societies at Yale as well. A stable system of eight class societies (two competing chains of four class societies each) was in place by the late 1840s.

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spirit of the university. Nevertheless, The Society of the Owl and Serpent was founded in 1896 and was active for over 70 years. The Society voted to officially disband in 1968 as a sign of its "counterculture" values, electing to donate its office space to the student radio group

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in early spring that informs students when Tap Night is taking place and when students should expect to receive formal offers (usually one week before official Tap Night). Tap Night is typically held on a Thursday in mid-April; for the Class of 2024, Tap Night was April 20, 2023.

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brought together student leaders from all parts of the university to create The Order of the Hippo as a way to support fellowship, make GW a better university, and behave in slightly frivolous ways. The secret society was named after a bronze statue of a hippo, also known as the

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waned in activeness over the years. Its 3.5 in × 8.5 in (89 mm × 216 mm) postings, known as "burgers", typically contain three lines, with the center one being most prominent. They are glued to surfaces around campus using a figure eight shape.

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sorority is not considered appropriate, because that member would have divided loyalties. However, typically, there is no issue with being a member of a secret society and a fraternity, because they are not considered similar organizations or competing organizations.

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is the best-known such example, where it originally operated on a secret chapter basis, and sometime after its secrets were made public in the 1830s, Phi Beta Kappa continued as an honorary. The membership of these groups is not secret but their rituals may be.

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personal qualities through an application and interview process. New members can be seen around campus wearing chains across their chests. Lock & Chain sponsors various events throughout the year and does community engagement and philanthropic programming.

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had secret societies from the 1890s until the 1960s. Two of these societies, the Orangemen and the Ancient Order of Hibernians (A.O.H.) were both founded in 1890 and carried out a rivalry throughout their existence at the college. A.O.H. was a parody of the

711:

Two current secret societies - the Trident Society and the Old Trinity Club - are both thought to have been founded in the wake of the disbanding of the Order of the Red Friars. The Old Trinity Club is rumored to have started when an editor-in-chief of the

298:. The second-oldest Latin-letter society, the P.D.A. Society ("Please Don't Ask"), in 1776 refused entry to John Heath, then a student at the college; rebuffed, he in the same year established the first Greek-letter secret society at the college, the 257:. Many societies also limit their membership to a specific numerical limit in a class year. Extensive mortuary imagery is associated with many secret societies, maintaining a pretense of great seriousness, and clubhouses are often called "tombs". 1237:

am, where they appear from within the crowd or from the building wearing a red sash with their symbol, the 7 and crown, stitched on the sash which drapes across their body. Membership selection for this society, just like CHI, remains a secret.

695:

in broad daylight. As the years went on, the rites of tapping became more elaborate; in the final and most traditional form of the rite, a red-hooded and robed figure publicly tapped new men into membership on the steps of the chapel. President

7297: 611:. The Nacoms and Sachems are senior societies of fifteen members each. Though efforts have been made by the university's student body to force them to abolish their secrecy and register with the administration, efforts have been unsuccessful. 2022:

In the past century, the size of Yale has allowed for a wider variety of student societies, including regular college fraternity chapters, and other models, so it can be challenging to categorize the organizations. There are societies like

1943:

is one of Washington and Lee's "oldest, continuous social organizations". While membership information is not necessarily anonymous, the group's purpose and inner workings remain a secret. The group has long had a connection to President

8803: 1567:

Florida Blue Key "has historically undertaken a political function in connection with student government affairs." The political machine that Florida Blue Key controls to dominate student government has been given the name "The System."

436:

and Dartmouth. Other class societies existed at Brown, Harvard, Syracuse, Colgate, Cornell, and other Northeastern institutions. At universities such as Colgate University, these secret societies have evolved and morphed over the years.

1690:

for senior women, Thadstek for freshman, and sophomore men, Tomb and Key for freshman, and sophomore men, and Kappa Kappa whose membership composition was unknown. During this period of rapid expansion of secret societies, a network of

1331:

as they went on to the field, and recognizing leaders, scholars, and athletes in the Penn State community. The three remaining senior societies no longer operate publicly but continue to serve the university in a variety of functions.

407:

Kappa Sigma Theta, Phi Theta Psi, Delta Beta Xi, Delta Sigma Phi, were all sophomore societies at Yale, and the two large freshman societies of Delta Kappa and Kappa Sigma Epsilon lived until 1880. Delta Kappa established chapters at

996:

in 1534. When the Jesuits were suppressed by the Pope in 1773, they stayed organized secretly in Maryland. In 1789, the suppressed Jesuits helped staff Georgetown College, later Georgetown University, for its founder, Archbishop

682:

has hosted several secret societies. The Tombs was founded in 1903. Its members were known to tie bells around their ankles. Details regarding its purpose, selection of members, and the importance of the bells are still unknown.

1695:

inter-fraternity organizations also established itself on campus with no purpose other than socializing and mischief-making. This network, known commonly as the "Greek Underworld" included organizations such as Seven Equals,

8773: 6878: 1036:(Georgia Tech) in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1908, Anak's purpose is "to honor outstanding juniors and seniors who have shown both exemplary leadership and a true love for Georgia Tech". The society's name refers to 6575: 1410:

are not fraternities, nor are they secret societies by any standard measure, but they are often seen as being tenuously analogous. The 21 Club, an all-male drinking society, is a notorious Princeton secret society.

1725:

Pipe trophy that was awarded to the winner of the biennial Missouri-Oklahoma football match. Omicron Delta Kappa previously served as the caretaker of the Indian War Drum trophy awarded to the winner of the annual

306:). The Phi Beta Kappa society had a rudimentary initiation and maintained an uncertain level of secrecy. Those secrets were exposed in the mid-1830s by students at Harvard University acting under the patronage of 10973: 6390: 1792:

Senior societies at the University of Pennsylvania are smaller than their Greek counterparts and tend to vary in degree of secrecy. There are three senior honorary societies. The Sphinx Senior Society and the

1773:

reported the first of two donations to campus entities by a secret society named Infinity. In 2011, the society gifted $ 888.88 to the Eve Carson Scholarship fund, which honors the late Student Body President

379:

is a highly successful junior class society, founded at Yale in 1844. None of the 51 chapters the parent chapter spawned operates as a junior society, but DKE did come from the class society system. Likewise,

1307:(1912). Penn State has seen several different honorary societies with varying levels of publicity and activity. In 1907, the first "hat" society, so-named because of such organizations' emblematic headwear, 1414:

Princeton also has a long tradition of underground societies. While secret society membership is relatively public at some schools, Princeton's historical secret society rolls are very secretive because of

4238: 1707:

It is currently home to at least six secret honor societies that still participate in an annual public Taies Day ceremony at the end of each spring semester. QEBH, Mystical Seven, LSV, Alpha Xi chapter of

1043:

The society was influential in the history of Georgia Tech. Anak played a major role in establishing several of Georgia Tech's most active student organizations – including Georgia Tech's yearbook, the

197:

Some collegiate secret societies are referred to as "class societies", which restrict membership to one class year. Most class societies are restricted to the senior class and are therefore also called

2059:

to as tombs. A series of articles on Dartmouth and Yale secret-society architecture provides an overview of the buildings. Societies that own tombs or halls are sometimes known as "landed' societies.

8846: 7281: 2668: 9239:

Powell's inclusion in the Sigma Society is acknowledged by Chief Justice William Rehnquist: Rehnquist, William H "A tribute to Lewis F. Powell Jr." Washington and Lee Law Review. 01 February 2011.

8321: 6938: 7515: 1135:). It is the oldest academic lodge in North America, its membership is restricted to males with a Harvard affiliation, and it operates in the building of Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, overlooking 731:

For years, there were rumors of a secret society called "TS" on campus, as a continuation of the Order of the Red Friars' original mission. Only recently has it come to light that "TS" stands for

902:

in 1904, Pi Kappa Phi operated "sub-rosa", or under the rose of secrecy, for much of the twentieth century to hide their activities from the university's Baptist administrators. During this time

8811: 9093: 8138: 6909: 5325: 7469: 910:

operated respectively as "The Centaur" and "The Knights Eternal" while a fourth organization, "The Robert E. Lee Fraternity" was concurrently active which would go on to merge with today's

1972:: ThurtenE, Lock & Chain, and Chimes. Instead of "secret societies", they are called Honoraries because of the public nature of their members and their purposes within the community. 1517:

organizations limited membership to twelve from each class year. A.O.H. held initiations for new members in the fall of their first year of college. The Orangemen also held initiations.

1625: 9864: 8987: 7765: 8751: 3470: 1756:, a secret society headquartered at the Gimghoul Castle. The order was founded in 1889 and is open to male students (rising juniors and higher), and faculty members by invitation. 1595:

contributions to the university, the State of Georgia, and the nation. Membership in this organization is not secret; however, all business and happenings of the organization are.

1476:

has had several secret societies on campus. One of which, a likely hoax, claims to be established in 1834. Students associated with these societies were allegedly involved in the

1446:

Another society is the exclusively female Foxtail Society, founded in 1974 soon after Princeton began admitting women in 1969. The society was founded in response to the lack of

8781: 6313:

Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. A descriptive analysis of the fraternity system in the Colleges of the United States, with a detailed account of each fraternity

6293:

Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. A descriptive analysis of the fraternity system in the Colleges of the United States, with a detailed account of each fraternity

6264:

Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. A descriptive analysis of the fraternity system in the Colleges of the United States, with a detailed account of each fraternity

3593: 1760: 501:, was home to the first known secret collegiate society in the United States, the F.H.C. Society (founded in 1750). The initials of the society stand for a Latin phrase, likely 1583:

which annually inducts five fraternity men, all leaders of the Greek Fraternity system. Likewise, the highest achievement a male can attain at the university is claimed by the

9291: 7210: 6870: 4269: 6567: 5540: 4893: 3624: 107: 2019:

has not survived the introduction of regular fraternities and other changes. The senior-class societies continue to prosper today without any of the lower-class societies.

8725: 5449: 5202: 4177: 10965: 8473: 6382: 5905: 5480: 2947: 1896: 10893: 7407: 1628:, known as "the Vulcans", occupied the fifth floor of the Union Tower though were not formally a part of the tower society. They draw their heritage from the Roman god 440:

Theta Nu Epsilon spread to about 120 colleges and universities, but many of its chapters operated as three-year societies where a class-year society was inappropriate.

8573: 7708: 4857: 872: 704: 9980: 7131: 4697: 1892: 391:

established a senior society, Skull & Serpent (1865), and a second society, originally a chapter of Skull and Bones, but then independent as a sophomore society,

10299: 8083: 1450:

open to women. While admittance numbers have changed over the years, Foxtail selects anywhere from 10 to 15 women to become members at the end of their junior year.

687: 2175: 513:, was perhaps the most famous member of the F.H.C. Society. The best opinion is that the society did not survive the British invasion of Virginia at the end of the 509:(two renderings of "brotherhood, humaneness, and knowledge"), but is publicly nicknamed the Flat Hat Club. William & Mary alumnus and third American president, 6317: 9925: 7322: 5845: 5756: 1866: 1217:

currently has three secret societies, the oldest of which is CHI, founded on October 15, 1900, by members from three of Longwood's four sorority Alpha chapters--

8287: 6847: 5171: 3408: 3255: 10780: 9210: 11245: 10190: 9164: 3501: 2015:, a junior society that is now a national traditional fraternity, was created in reaction to a botched election process to the junior class societies in 1844. 1541: 7791: 5815: 1997: 849: 286:. Though the letters stand for a Latin phrase, the society is informally and publicly referred to as the "Flat Hat Club"; its most prominent members included 10557: 8415: 5263: 4208: 918: 833: 559:

forced several societies to disappear, many were revived during the 20th century. Some of the secret societies known to currently exist at the college are:

9768: 1679:

was founded in 1907 and has become the second best-known society on campus. Some have suggested that Missouri's Mystical Seven was modeled after Virginia's

8594: 4666: 488: 154: 10843: 8881: 8309: 6930: 10347: 9253: 5875: 755: 599:(1898 and 1915, respectively). St. Anthony Hall is now a traditional fraternal organization and literary society that has ten other chapters, notably at 126: 7372: 6546: 6333: 6273: 4421: 4362: 3878: 2916: 1183: 10943: 9103: 8258: 7733: 7188: 5387: 4795: 2792: 2011:

and one society would break the pattern, forcing the other societies to likewise change election strategies, or cause the creation of a new society.

384:

started as a Yale sophomore society and now has 68 chapters (although, again, none of Alpha Sigma Phi's chapters have remained sophomore societies).

49: 9552: 9529: 8130: 6901: 133: 11024: 6521: 5601: 2885: 1255: 9320: 8386: 210:

There is no strict rule on the categorization of secret societies, although a secret membership role is key. Secret societies can have ceremonial

11240: 9431: 8226: 7656: 7049: 7020: 6967: 5017: 2637: 10496: 10215: 10027: 9240: 7992: 7234: 7095: 11217:

A late 19th-century contemporary account of fraternal societies at two Connecticut Universities: Yale & Wesleyan (courtesy of Google Books)

6755:

The Historical Legacy of a Secret Society at Duke University (1913-1971): Cultural Hegemony and the Tenacious Ideals of the "Big Man on Campus"

3809: 3694: 2267: 2236: 1852: 1787: 1029: 825: 34: 1671:

sophomore society was founded under the guidance of faculty member Luther DeFoe. DeFoe also served as a mentor to the founding members of the

1485:

was dissolved in the 1960s after complaints of elitism. In 1982 the name was revived for the university-sanctioned senior-year honor society.

140: 10617: 9001: 1633: 1614:

Order of Angell, known as "Order", is an evolved version of a previous society Michigauma. It was inspired by the rituals and culture of the

11199: 9817: 8544: 7769: 7686: 6415: 11002: 9706: 6676: 5109: 4511: 1431: 1259: 1147: 560: 219: 10416: 8747: 6817: 9135: 8717: 6496: 4277: 4246: 4154: 3686: 2390: 1749: 856:, under whose guidance the Parthenian Sodality was, was first founded in Rome in 1584. Though no longer held to the Roman sodality after 194:

makes a significant effort to keep affairs, membership rolls, signs of recognition, initiation, or other aspects secret from the public.

122: 9581: 8182: 364:(1883), among students in the senior class. But the prestige of the senior societies was able to keep the very influential fraternities 10269: 3870: 10475: 10112: 9838: 8444: 7624: 7259: 6651: 6195: 4331: 9764: 6792: 4062: 9283: 7956: 6731: 929:

in 1851. Upon initiation, Quaternions are given lifetime access to this building which houses the controls for the 59 bell Burnside

663: 4429: 1726: 10914: 9507: 10049: 9662: 9603: 4924: 3993: 2823: 8965: 8040: 8018: 540:, on December 5, 1776, as a secret literary and philosophical society. Additional chapters were established in 1780 and 1781 at 8498: 7571: 845: 8465: 7920: 7712: 894:

The most notable of these early secret societies was called The Star and Lamp; it is known today on more than 100 campuses as

11183: 11164: 11145: 11119: 11088: 11069: 10885: 9075: 9037: 8924: 8613: 8355: 7844: 7403: 4370: 1615: 790: 10325: 9461: 9057: 9019: 8906: 8696: 8569: 7152: 4604: 11235: 10165: 9972: 8105: 7123: 4542: 3316: 2699: 1447: 1391: 10291: 8073: 6359: 2205: 1632:. The group that used to do its tapping publicly is known for its long black robes and its financial contributions to the 147: 8671: 6767: 6475: 6027: 3447: 2761: 2035:(i.e. reciprocal exclusivity). The normal pattern now is that a group of secret societies places an advertisement in the 1407: 861: 533: 387:

The development of class societies spread from Yale to other campuses in the northeastern States. Seniors at neighboring

7895: 6442: 6311: 6291: 6262: 1064:

projects, most notably in peacefully integrating Georgia Tech's first African-American students in 1961, preventing the

9956: 9917: 8638: 7318: 6871:"Constitutional Council Orders New SGA Elections, Recommends that BBA Council Begin Impeachment Procedures Against Lee" 5913: 5457: 5364: 3355: 1969: 794: 10730: 8279: 6839: 45: 10788: 10387: 9206: 7463: 4123: 2110:(1956). Yale's Buildings and Grounds Department lists the societies with halls in its online architectural database. 1328: 173: 71: 10194: 9451:"Four Years at Yale", Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, '69, (New Haven, Conn.: Charles Chatfield & Co.), 1871, pgs. 87–105. 9156: 8523: 7799: 7074: 4339: 1604: 1513:

Irish organization, which dates back to 1795 Ireland. A.O.H. did ask for official recognition but was turned down.

1427: 865: 837: 798: 433: 283: 190:. They vary greatly in their level of secrecy and the degree of independence from their universities. A collegiate 10549: 8407: 813:, the first president of Fordham, and many Fordham students and alumni were involved with Tammany Hall, including 10860: 10676: 10248: 10005: 8836: 6058: 5271: 3840: 2079: 1435:

class that selected it until the First of June (after their first Reunions and before graduation). 1.6... is the

1033: 470: 361: 9378: 8598: 7743: 249:

There are several common traits among these societies. For example, many societies have two-part names, such as

10840: 8871: 7346: 5518: 111: 10580:"utdailybeacon.com | The editorially independent student newspaper at the University of Tennessee, since 1906" 9261: 6598: 9896: 7382: 5794: 5395: 5333: 5241: 4519: 3601: 3347: 3078: 2522: 1980:, which is the largest and oldest student-run Carnival in the nation. The society has been co-ed since 1991. 1924: 1811: 1721: 1292: 818: 10646: 7453: 6543: 6330: 6270: 1891:

New societies have periodically appeared at the university during the 20th century. The most notable is the

1131:, members of the Harvard Square & Compass Club, and members of the Harvard Masonic Club (which included 10759: 9067: 9029: 8916: 8250: 6988: 6156: 6097: 5117: 3139: 2738: 2368: 2360: 1477: 1092: 957: 841: 564: 494: 413: 11214: 10939: 10701: 7184: 6705: 9560: 9537: 4300: 2055: 1895:, a secret group that rewards contributions to the university and which was founded before 1970; and the 1580: 1502: 888: 11032: 10445: 6529: 218:, passwords), formal secrets (the 'true' name of the society, a motto, or society history). Traditional 10587: 9423: 9312: 9184:

Sigma plaque located outside of the Science Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia

8466:"University of Florida Senior Speaks Out Against Student Government Practices in Troubling Viral Video" 8378: 5702: 4573: 3531: 3263: 2800: 2329: 2083: 1916:

Library's Special Collection dating up to 1963, and membership is publicly acknowledged for Oval Club.

1198: 926: 608: 10144: 9349: 8218: 7648: 7041: 7012: 6959: 10504: 10219: 10035: 9865:"Coffin and Keys: A Secret Society "Solely for the Betterment" of UNR, or something more Unsettling?" 7984: 7230: 7099: 6655: 4986: 3931: 3900: 3787: 2091: 1676: 998: 961: 899: 891:

which banned social organizations of all kinds. This drove students to seek such groups underground.

421: 10995:"Torch and Shield New Coed Society: University Women Form Club Rivaling Golden Bear of Men Students" 10827: 10380:"Order of the Grail-Valkyries of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Records, 1920-2007" 1426:), a society dating to 1929 when members of the Whig society splintered off after the merger of the 1419:

ban on clandestine organizations and his threat to expel secret fraternity members from Princeton.

241:

honoraries; others seek to perpetuate the image of a continuing active society where there is none.

7455:

The Insider's Guide to the Colleges, 2009: Students on Campus Tell You What You Really Want to Know

5210: 4216: 3817: 2831: 2491: 1908: 1506: 1179: 1158: 1079: 829:

Fordham." They have a robust alumni network with regular reunions and influence in the university.

775: 53: 10609: 10322:"Order of the Golden Fleece of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Records, 1904-2019" 1178:

Through the years, many secret societies, senior societies, and other groups have been founded at

692: 325:

to different colleges and universities likely sparked the creation of such competing societies as

9809: 7678: 6244: 6185: 5632: 5418: 5179: 4994: 3286: 2893: 1686:

Other secret societies followed, including Society of the Hidden Eye for junior, and senior men,

1584: 1057: 966: 655: 529: 100: 10994: 9703: 6680: 6637: 6411: 650: 10525: 10408: 10262:"Myskania Records, 1915-1984 - M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections & Archives" 9810:"Auburn University Sesquicentennial Lecture Series - Auburn University: A Photographic History" 8939: 8867: 8832: 6813: 6127: 6005: 5853: 5823: 5764: 5548: 5488: 5086: 4870: 4772: 4710: 4458: 4185: 3908: 3663: 3632: 3509: 3386: 3017: 2298: 2183: 2095: 1858: 970: 857: 498: 417: 9127: 1548:

fraternity, existed on the campus in the early 1900s and has since made a resurgence in 2023.

11109: 10814: 9589: 8174: 6759: 6258: 5733: 5694: 5025: 4901: 4308: 3478: 3294: 3201: 2955: 2483: 2398: 1794: 1576: 1560: 1061: 981: 771: 396: 11220: 10261: 6205: 10467: 9842: 8947: 8877: 8842: 8436: 7616: 7255: 4054: 2730: 1827: 1717: 1498: 1404: 1263: 1046: 853: 623: 604: 11157:

Fleshing Out Skull & Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society

10103: 6788: 8: 7948: 7947:

Guerin, Jean Wentworth Bush; Barthold, Martha Tams; Holmes, Alice Taylor (June 5, 2023).

6727: 5936: 4932: 4834: 4674: 4001: 3939: 3439: 3108: 2676: 2606: 2275: 2012: 1928: 1709: 1247: 1214: 1202: 993: 933:

inside Furman's bell tower. Famous Quaternions have included U.S. Secretary of Education

903: 875:, operating in the 1930s and 1940s but there is no evidence of its continued existence. 588: 518: 514: 395:(1870), which began to drastically increase the number of campuses with class societies. 388: 376: 330: 8494: 6238: 10918: 10352: 10057: 9495: 8045: 7592: 6630: 5883: 5671: 4826: 4643: 4581: 4400: 4392: 3748: 3232: 2862: 2583: 2544: 2152: 2103: 1769: 1629: 1473: 1311:, was formed; similar societies expanded and included dedicated groups for women (e.g. 1279: 1270:(from 1832 to the 1940s); and the Andiron Club. Only Red Dragon Society still exists. 1251: 1143: 1132: 1124: 1097: 1075: 942: 786: 627: 619: 596: 556: 476: 458: 9655:"Wrapped in Mystery: A guide to secret—and not-so-secret—student organizations at UVA" 9654: 9607: 789:

was long accused of being involved with secret societies and covert activities due to

728:

take society seriously, viewing it more as a social fraternity than a secret society.

11179: 11160: 11141: 11129: 11115: 11084: 11065: 11058: 9952: 9071: 9033: 8961: 8920: 8050: 8014: 7860:

Kay, Leslie (30 April 1965). "Top Penn Staters Honored By University Hat Societies".

7840: 7459: 7289: 6035: 5640: 5609: 5140: 4803: 4612: 4550: 4146: 4032: 3416: 3324: 3170: 2986: 2769: 2707: 2645: 2614: 2452: 2213: 2028: 1977: 1945: 1753: 1742: 1377: 1341: 1226: 911: 907: 884: 668: 635: 425: 307: 287: 10966:"A secretive 90-year-old fraternity is among groups suspended from Clemson's campus" 7563: 6383:"A secretive 90-year-old fraternity is among groups suspended from Clemson's campus" 11134:

Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power

11105: 10079: 9760: 9053: 9015: 8902: 7928: 6161: 5725: 5510: 5426: 4955: 4488: 4092: 4024: 3562: 3193: 3100: 2075: 2024: 1949: 1668: 1644: 1556: 1267: 1005: 989: 985: 802: 747: 743: 592: 510: 392: 291: 215: 8617: 8343: 7490: 1877:, were very public, incurring the wrath of the administration for public reveals. 1056:

newspaper, and Tech's Student Government Association – as well as several lasting

11111:

America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones

10847: 10321: 10193:. University of Missouri–Columbia Department of Religious Studies. Archived from 9710: 9473: 9462:"Tombs and Taps: An inside look at Yale's Fraternities, Sororities and Societies" 9063: 9025: 8912: 8692: 8131:"Fight on Class Societies – Rutgers Follows Princeton's Lead Against Club System" 7738: 7516:"After JMU Missed Connections' identity reveal, admins discuss future of account" 7215: 7160: 6763: 6550: 6337: 6277: 6066: 5975: 5967: 5944: 5578: 5570: 5356: 5302: 5294: 5148: 5055: 4963: 4741: 4635: 4480: 4115: 3970: 3756: 3725: 3570: 3539: 3047: 2924: 2552: 2514: 2460: 2429: 2337: 2306: 2071: 2063: 2003: 1956: 1936: 1701: 1608: 814: 751: 732: 679: 631: 600: 409: 381: 365: 347: 343: 265:

Some historic secret societies are now considered honorary or senior societies.

250: 229: 224: 10169: 8109: 11137: 9098: 8996: 6351: 6189: 6181: 5997: 5047: 4450: 4084: 3962: 3848: 3779: 3717: 3162: 2978: 2421: 2107: 2087: 2067: 1697: 1416: 1365: 1361: 1222: 1013: 810: 759: 714: 549: 537: 429: 357: 322: 311: 299: 266: 254: 10357: 8663: 8175:"Collection: Ancient Order of Hibernians records | Smith College Finding Aids" 6753: 6467: 11229: 10409:"Osiris (Society: Massachusetts Institute of Technology) | MIT ArchivesSpace" 7942: 7940: 7938: 7891: 7377: 7293: 6446: 6200: 5233: 5078: 3131: 2575: 1940: 1932: 1881: 1680: 1639: 1545: 1521: 1510: 1493: 1482: 1462: 1369: 1337: 1136: 1052: 934: 697: 568: 522: 315: 303: 279: 278:

The first collegiate secret society recorded in North America is that of the

9094:"Noted For Eccentricity, Mysteriousness: Societies Beneficial to University" 8642: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7915: 7913: 1278:

Secret societies are banned in all military academies in the United States.

797:

sentiments against the Irish and Italian immigrants it historically served.

10722: 9230:"Sigma Initiation Washington's Birthday", Ring-tum Phi, 2 March 1910, p. 4. 6089: 2854: 2244: 1798: 1713: 1466: 1436: 1190:

graduate students as well as alumni. Membership is capped at 150 globally.

1128: 1105: 1065: 1017: 938: 922: 895: 806: 576: 339: 295: 10379: 10233: 9889:"CWEST Alumni Network: Cincinnati Women in Excellence and Spirit Together" 9466:

Light & Truth: The Yale Journal of Opinion and Investigative Reporting

8519: 7935: 1372:. It is known for gluing small sheets of paper around campus with cryptic 8545:"Op-Ed: Disbanding Phoenix — secret societies don't belong on our campus" 7971: 7910: 5663: 4733: 3655: 3378: 1874: 1870: 1687: 1254:, which only takes both "distinguished" male and female seniors from the 1218: 1120: 1101: 369: 8944:

History of the University of Virginia: The Lengthening Shadow of One Man

8873:

History of the University of Virginia: The Lengthening Shadow of One Man

8838:

History of the University of Virginia: The Lengthening Shadow of One Man

8693:"Inventory of the Order of Gimghoul Records, 1832-2006 (bulk 1940-1997)" 7350: 7282:"Secret society is again at center of an uproar on Georgetown U. campus" 7070: 1834: 227:

at Yale, have published their membership lists in the yearbooks and the

10105:

The Tides of Tradition: Culture and Reform at the University of Alabama

5786: 3039: 3009: 2099: 2043: 1862: 1815: 1775: 1505:, which dates back to 1500s Ireland. The Orangemen was a parody of the 1109: 1100:

does not have secret societies in the usual sense, though it does have

1009: 211: 10864: 10668: 10348:"Golden service brought to light; Order played a historic role at UNC" 10001: 9947:

Hammond, Karen T. (Feb 1996). "Harpur College: Setting the Standard".

1458: 719:

their arms in symbols in the air and routinely stopping and shouting "

10002:"Friars Senior Society of the University of Pennsylvania (Home Page)" 9949:

From Vision to Excellence: A Popular History of Binghamton University

9370: 9254:"Cadaver Society: Lack "class and character" (Letters to the Editor)" 9196:"History of W&L Secret Clubs", Ring-tum Phi, 4 October 1966, p.2. 9157:"The Class of 1958: Setting the standard for involvement with the UW" 6702:"Halls, Tombs, and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth" 6119: 3070: 2144: 2113: 1885: 572: 334: 11210:"Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth" 9496:"These are Charities? The Seamy Side of Yale's Most Exclusive Clubs" 7837:

This is Penn State: An Insider's Guide to the University Park Campus

7539: 6902:"Let's take a look at Burning Spear, Florida State's secret society" 973:

around GW's campus to create a better environment for all students.

548:. With nearly 300 chapters across the country and no longer secret, 89: 10809:

Brownstein, Sandra. "Revival of the 'Society of the Golden Rose'?".

9207:"Journalism and Mass Communications: Washington and Lee University" 8078: 6606: 3224: 1692: 1540:

The University of Chicago currently has one active secret society,

1537:

and use its remaining funds for the purchase of an FM transmitter.

930: 9951:. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company/Publishers. p. 55. 9888: 1869:, had secret initiations but public membership; some, such as the 1737: 1008:, or The Stewards at Georgetown is an anonymous, all-male service 10841:

Reminiscences of a Well-Rounded Man, 1926-31: Malcolm F. McGregor

10638: 10080:"The Iron Cross Society of the University of Wisconsin - Madison" 7649:"Guide to the Records of the Andiron Club of New York City MC 19" 7428: 7319:"Anonymous Twitter Account Vows To Unmask Secret Society Members" 1912: 1544:. The Iron Key Society, formerly the university's chapter of the 1481:(1898–1940), Casque and Dagger (1901), and Cap and Skull (1900). 642:

societies disappeared or became inactive in a very short period.

552:

has grown to become the nation's premier academic honor society.

545: 536:

founded the nation's first collegiate Greek-letter organization,

404:

systems soon in place at Brown, Rutgers, and other institutions.

326: 10751: 10579: 10292:"Pitt News Fires Editor For Secret Society Conflict Of Interest" 8570:"Maneater | Secret societies reveal new members on Tap Day" 1865:

society in 1878. Early secret societies, such as Eli Banana and

1622:

disbanded in March 2021 via a vote of an overwhelming majority.

1116:

Season" and the "Final Dinner" are analogous to "Tap" at Yale.

356:

Skull & Bones aroused competition on campus, bringing forth

11209: 10907: 8804:"Mystique of secret societies no secret among college students" 8614:"Halloween: Secret Society In Chapel Hill Owns Gimghoul Castle" 6701: 6443:"Shhh! The Secret Side to the College's Lesser Known Societies" 1396: 1354: 1071: 11176:

Skulls and Keys: The Hidden History of Yale's Secret Societies

10697: 10249:

Men of METRO directory listing at the University of Cincinnati

9765:"Yale's Extracurricular & Social Organizations: 1780-1960" 9553:"Yale's Lost Landmarks: Delta Kappa Epsilon "Tomb", 1861-1927" 8437:"Judicial Notice | PDF | Public Sphere | Separation Of Powers" 7792:"Student leaders raise questions over secret societies' reach" 6840:"Here's What You Need to Know About the SGA Elections Debacle" 1732: 1683:, which had been established just a couple of years earlier. 1112:, and a variety of other secret or semi-secret organizations. 10437: 5801: 1797:

were both founded at the turn of the 20th century, while The

1032:

is the oldest known secret society and honors society at the

33:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

9192: 9190: 836:

was transferred to Fordham, which was founded in 1841, from

10136: 9399: 9341: 7839:. University Park, PA: Penn State Press. 2006. p. 85. 4764: 1672: 1655: 1534: 1037: 541: 475:

Although there have been many underground organizations at

8595:"Columbia Missourian - The case of the missing peace pipe" 8219:"Orangemen, c1908-1936, 1986 | Smith College Finding Aids" 7734:"'The Night Of The Taming' - Newsweek and The Daily Beast" 1651: 10861:"Sphinx Senior Society of the University of Pennsylvania" 9187: 8695:. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries. 1440: 1373: 1258:; Knights of the Lamp, which only takes seniors from the 917:

On campus today, the only known active secret society is

10886:"Secret Society of the Stewards, The Georgetown Academy" 9284:"Resources on WashU's Original Secret Society: Thurtene" 2098:(1910). Three newer societies that own property include 11017: 9785: 7564:"Green & Grey Society - Loyola University Maryland" 7404:"JMU Secret Society IN8 Recognizes Altruistic Students" 457:

Tiger Brotherhood is an honorary service fraternity at

10987: 9606:. Yale University Office of Facilities. Archived from 1559:

operates as the main collegiate secret society at the

1246:

Several secret societies have historically existed at

11083:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2nd edition. 11081:

Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939-1961

10940:"VIEWPOINT: Speaking for the Second Stewards Society" 10802: 9804: 9802: 8860: 7783: 7185:"VIEWPOINT: Speaking for the Second Stewards Society" 7124:"Order of the Hippo's not-so-secret secrets unveiled" 6931:"Fordham College at Rose Hill Fordham Club | Fordham" 6243:. New Haven: Charles C. Chatfield & Co. pp. 2082:(1883). The surviving landed Sheffield societies are 1963: 848:

in 1846. Approval of the transfer was granted by the

489:

Secret societies at the College of William & Mary

302:, modeling it on the two older fraternities (see the 7946: 7883: 7821:"Honor Societies Select Only Outstanding Students". 8748:"Secret society donates to Student Enrichment Fund" 1955:The membership and organizational structure of the 1336:is closely associated with conservation efforts at 114:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 11057: 10834: 10254: 9799: 8718:"Secret society donates to Eve Carson Scholarship" 8074:"4 secret societies you probably don't know about" 7679:"CAS' Red Dragon Society Emerges From the Shadows" 7042:"Fordham University Libraries Digital Collections" 7013:"Fordham University Libraries Digital Collections" 6989:"Fordham University Libraries Digital Collections" 6960:"Fordham University Libraries Digital Collections" 6629: 6305: 6303: 2114:List of North American collegiate secret societies 2078:(1867), which calls itself a "final society"; and 1291:There are currently three well-known societies at 1068:from setting up a student chapter at Georgia Tech. 1023: 622:has a long history of secret societies on campus. 350:(1832): antecedents of what would become known as 10608:Hallow, Lauren; Shambaugh, Jessica (2011-03-29). 8512: 7381:. Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from 7231:"Stewards: The Best Secret Society GU Can Offer'" 7118: 7116: 1675:senior men's society, which was founded in 1898. 1060:. The society also claims involvement in several 844:took over the administration of Fordham from the 11227: 9973:"Blue Key membership controlled by powerful few" 8685: 7211:"SECRET STEWARDS DISBANDED ON GEORGETOWN CAMPUS" 6869:Deuskar, Tanika; Imran, Jareer (13 April 2021). 6636:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 6329:. Baird's Manual is also available online here: 6269:. Baird's Manual is also available online here: 1919: 1286: 482: 10773: 10715: 10607: 10111:. Alabama Univ., Birmingham. 2003. p. 18. 9046: 9008: 8631: 8605: 8280:"Secret Societies of the University of Chicago" 8071: 8038: 7451: 6838:Deuskar, Tanika; Imran, Jareer (7 April 2021). 6758:(PhD thesis). North Carolina State University. 6679:. Trustees of Dartmouth College. Archived from 6436: 6434: 6432: 6300: 1821: 952: 432:. Kappa Sigma Epsilon had chapters at Amherst, 10853: 10242: 10019: 9994: 9699: 9493: 7113: 5110:Seven Society, Order of the Crown & Dagger 1952:is one of the group's most prominent members. 1853:Secret societies at the University of Virginia 1788:Senior societies at University of Pennsylvania 988:founded as an all-male fraternity of would-be 123:"Collegiate secret societies in North America" 11246:Lists of organizations based in North America 9697: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9574: 8310:"To The Members of the University of Chicago" 1998:List of Yale University student organizations 1781: 1634:University of Michigan College of Engineering 1193: 887:was, to varying degrees, affiliated with the 41:No mention of other North American Countries. 31:The examples and perspective in this article 10158: 8344:"WHPK: Still spinnin' after all these years" 7955:. Vol. 59, no. 2. Pomona College. 6868: 6837: 6429: 188:collegiate secret societies in North America 10690: 10208: 9778: 9288:A People's History of Washington University 9161:University of Washington Alumni Association 8980: 7814: 6196:"Secret societies remain veiled in mystery" 4278:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 4247:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 4155:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1902: 1750:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1733:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1729:football game between Missouri and Kansas. 1173: 1153: 765: 10661: 9676: 9085: 8487: 8098: 7868: 7766:"Norwich cadet charged in hazing incident" 6331:The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage 6271:The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage 3695:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 1142:Other secretive social groups include the 1020:on campus and for its exclusion of women. 871:There is evidence of a group known as the 447: 9759: 8771: 7982: 7676: 7157:Georgetown University Student Association 4063:University of North Carolina at Asheville 1880:The first truly "secret society" was the 1846: 1662: 1598: 1579:is the men's secret society known as the 925:taught the university's first courses in 750:has five secret societies, including the 521:, the society was revived in 1916 as the 338:second line of development took place at 214:, secret signs of recognition (gestures, 174:Learn how and when to remove this message 72:Learn how and when to remove this message 11173: 11154: 10289: 8801: 7875:"Men's Hat Groups Initiate 150 Yearly". 7209:Feinberg, Lawrence (February 28, 1988). 7208: 6489: 6404: 6180:Secret societies at the College include 4430:California State University, Bakersfield 2042: 1968:Three known secret societies operate at 1833: 1736: 1704:, Kappa Nu Theta, and Sigma Alpha Beta. 1667:In 1895, the Alpha Theta Chapter of the 1650: 1638: 1570: 1551: 1527: 1457: 1395: 1353: 1266:(which operated from 1832 to 1888); the 1070: 976: 945:, a nominee for the U.S. Supreme Court. 649: 11200:"How the Secret Societies Got That Way" 11128: 11055: 11005:from the original on September 28, 2013 10166:"OU College of Engineering at a Glance" 9946: 9881: 9862: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9648: 9646: 9644: 8408:"Blue Key pays $ 85,000 to settle suit" 7514:Breeze, Evan Moody | The (2023-07-08). 7370: 7279: 6519: 6472:Sigma Chi/Brief History of Fraternities 6440: 6193: 1861:student life since the founding of the 1385: 282:, established on November 11, 1750, at 11241:Student societies in the United States 11228: 11104: 11060:Pledged: The Secret Life of Sororities 10808: 10669:"Inactive - Sigma Phi Alumnae Council" 10649:from the original on November 11, 2021 10526:"History, Rutherford B. Hayes Society" 10465: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9550: 9527: 9251: 9122: 9120: 9052: 9014: 8901: 8895: 7995:from the original on December 20, 2016 7829: 7513: 6899: 6694: 6627: 6621: 6568:"Deans Take Reins Of Senior Societies" 6544:Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities 6468:"Phi Beta Kappa: The First Fraternity" 6349: 1805: 1501:fraternal order by the same name, the 1241: 1209: 587:Three secret societies were formed at 582: 11078: 10963: 10345: 10025: 9652: 9252:Martin, Alicia (September 18, 2002). 9091: 9059:Mr. Jefferson's University: A History 9021:Mr. Jefferson's University: A History 8959: 8908:Mr. Jefferson's University: A History 8866: 8831: 8825: 8341: 8251:"Secret Societies « Smithipedia" 8245: 8243: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8155: 7898:from the original on 21 February 2013 7889: 7789: 7643: 7641: 7341: 7339: 7256:"4 Candidates Secret Society Members" 7179: 7177: 6708:from the original on January 12, 2008 6596: 6309: 6289: 6257: 4371:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4201:McIntire School of Commerce students 2062:The five oldest landed societies are 1857:Secret societies have been a part of 1616:Native Americans of the United States 1453: 1400:Colonial Club at Princeton University 1273: 1086: 781: 614: 464: 452: 10752:"Skull and Bones Senior HAT Society" 10438:"Parmi Nous - Honor & Tradition" 9928:from the original on 8 November 2021 9774:from the original on March 18, 2014. 8611: 8376: 7949:"Letter Box: Mufti Origins Revealed" 7689:from the original on 16 January 2023 7677:Choudhary, Sabrina (13 April 2020). 7458:(35th ed.). St. Martins Press. 6850:from the original on 17 October 2022 6751: 6669: 6362:from the original on 9 December 2023 6251: 6236: 5326:Skull and Bones Senior Honor Society 4917:Undergraduate and graduate students 1422:One such society is Phi (pronounced 1392:Eating clubs at Princeton University 878: 824:Fr. Leo McLaughlin S.J. founded the 645: 112:adding citations to reliable sources 83: 17: 9716: 9621: 9117: 8802:Ghiselli, Margherita (2003-01-14). 8616:. Raleigh Chronicle. Archived from 8379:"The (Blue) Key That Unlocks Doors" 8348:The University of Chicago Chronicle 7859: 7452:Yale Daily News, ed. (2008-06-24). 7311: 7273: 7223: 7202: 6316:. The Alcolm Company. p. 429. 6230: 738: 658:secret society at Dartmouth College 503:Fraternitas, Humanitas, et Cognitio 444:campuses across the country today. 314:has operated openly as an academic 13: 11098: 10964:Simon, Mollie R. (June 17, 2019). 10756:Skull and Bones Senior HAT Society 10577: 10442:Parmi Nous - Honor & Tradition 10290:Kingkade, Tyler (April 18, 2013). 9704:Dartmouth list of senior societies 9134:. Special Collections. 1907–1963. 8728:from the original on July 14, 2024 8597:. October 14, 2007. Archived from 8314:The University of Chicago Magazine 8290:from the original on 11 March 2017 8240: 8196: 8152: 7959:from the original on June 15, 2023 7638: 7349:. The ANAK Society. Archived from 7336: 7174: 6597:Earle, Corey (February 28, 2007). 6578:from the original on July 13, 2021 6497:"Phi Beta Kappa Society – History" 6296:. The Alcolm Company. p. 428. 6267:. The Alcolm Company. p. 426. 5914:University of California, Berkeley 5458:University of California, Berkeley 5365:University of California, Berkeley 3356:University of California, Berkeley 1991: 1970:Washington University in St. Louis 1964:Washington University in St. Louis 1520:In 1948, the college's president, 994:University of Paris (the Sorbonne) 674: 14: 11257: 11193: 10785:Student Life, Westminster College 10302:from the original on May 25, 2013 9977:The Independent Florida Alligator 9528:Branch, Mark Alden (March 2001). 8968:from the original on May 20, 2016 8383:University of Florida Advancement 8358:from the original on 3 March 2016 7894:. Lion's Paw Alumni Association. 7892:"About Lion's Paw: Mount Nittany" 7709:"Norwich hit with hazing lawsuit" 6881:from the original on 14 July 2024 6380: 5749:Sophomores, juniors, and seniors 4124:University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 2031:which cross ordinary categories. 1626:Vulcan Senior Engineering Society 1347: 507:Fraternitas Humanitas Cognitioque 399:noted in the 1905 edition of his 284:The College of William & Mary 205: 11025:"Room One: A Class of Their Own" 10957: 10932: 10915:"Honoring Don Casper - The Hoya" 10878: 10744: 10631: 10601: 10571: 10542: 10518: 10489: 10459: 10430: 10401: 10372: 10339: 10314: 10283: 10183: 10129: 10096: 10072: 10042: 9965: 9940: 9910: 9863:Sandbox, Reynolds (2021-04-02). 9856: 9831: 9596: 9544: 9521: 9487: 9454: 9445: 9416: 9392: 9363: 9334: 9305: 9276: 9245: 9233: 9224: 9199: 9178: 9149: 9132:University of Washington Library 7983:Tidmarsh, Kevin; Desai, Saahil. 7790:Tully, Jessica (29 April 2011). 6133: 6103: 6072: 6041: 6011: 5981: 5950: 5919: 5889: 5859: 5829: 5800: 5770: 5739: 5708: 5677: 5646: 5615: 5584: 5554: 5524: 5494: 5463: 5432: 5401: 5370: 5339: 5308: 5277: 5247: 5216: 5185: 5154: 5123: 5092: 5061: 5031: 5000: 4969: 4938: 4907: 4876: 4840: 4809: 4778: 4747: 4716: 4680: 4649: 4618: 4587: 4556: 4525: 4494: 4464: 4435: 4406: 4376: 4345: 4340:Florida International University 4314: 4283: 4252: 4222: 4191: 4160: 4129: 4098: 4068: 4038: 4007: 3976: 3945: 3914: 3884: 3854: 3823: 3793: 3762: 3731: 3700: 3669: 3638: 3607: 3576: 3545: 3515: 3484: 3453: 3422: 3392: 3361: 3330: 3300: 3269: 3238: 3207: 3176: 3145: 3114: 3084: 3053: 3023: 2992: 2961: 2930: 2899: 2868: 2837: 2806: 2775: 2744: 2713: 2682: 2651: 2620: 2589: 2558: 2528: 2497: 2466: 2435: 2404: 2374: 2343: 2312: 2281: 2250: 2219: 2189: 2158: 1931:, has two secret societies: the 1605:University of Michigan Ann Arbor 1488: 664:Dartmouth College student groups 434:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 244: 88: 22: 11049: 10976:from the original on 2024-06-29 10946:from the original on 2022-04-08 10896:from the original on 2021-10-01 10762:from the original on 2018-08-29 10733:from the original on 2008-04-30 10704:from the original on 2008-05-23 10679:from the original on 2018-02-02 10620:from the original on 2024-05-14 10590:from the original on 2015-05-07 10560:from the original on 2024-05-14 10478:from the original on 2023-02-06 10448:from the original on 2023-02-06 10419:from the original on 2023-06-05 10390:from the original on 2020-07-06 10328:from the original on 2008-11-05 10272:from the original on 2023-02-06 10147:from the original on 2023-03-07 10137:"The Lion's Paw Senior Society" 10118:from the original on 2021-03-07 10008:from the original on 2008-06-04 9983:from the original on 2024-01-04 9899:from the original on 2018-02-03 9839:"Longwood Magazine Winter 2001" 9820:from the original on 2020-02-04 9665:from the original on 2023-02-08 9582:"An Irrepressible Urge to Join" 9510:from the original on 2008-05-09 9434:from the original on 2017-05-24 9381:from the original on 2019-03-27 9352:from the original on 2017-04-02 9323:from the original on 2017-04-25 9294:from the original on 2017-04-25 9213:from the original on 2016-08-01 9167:from the original on 2020-10-31 9138:from the original on 2020-11-01 8953: 8933: 8884:from the original on 2024-07-14 8849:from the original on 2024-07-14 8795: 8765: 8754:from the original on 2012-04-27 8740: 8710: 8699:from the original on 2016-08-22 8674:from the original on 2019-07-29 8668:Ghost Stories of North Carolina 8656: 8587: 8576:from the original on 2016-03-03 8562: 8537: 8526:from the original on 2006-06-10 8501:from the original on 2021-05-04 8476:from the original on 2024-01-04 8458: 8447:from the original on 2024-01-04 8429: 8418:from the original on 2023-03-09 8400: 8389:from the original on 2024-01-04 8370: 8335: 8324:from the original on 2021-09-30 8302: 8272: 8261:from the original on 2015-09-06 8229:from the original on 2023-11-25 8185:from the original on 2022-04-08 8141:from the original on 2024-07-14 8123: 8086:from the original on 2013-07-07 8065: 8032: 8021:from the original on 2012-06-14 8007: 7853: 7758: 7726: 7701: 7670: 7659:from the original on 2020-04-11 7627:from the original on 2023-06-07 7609: 7585: 7574:from the original on 2021-09-25 7556: 7532: 7507: 7483: 7472:from the original on 2024-07-14 7445: 7421: 7410:from the original on 2018-08-15 7396: 7364: 7325:from the original on 2021-08-31 7300:from the original on 2020-10-28 7262:from the original on 2021-10-03 7248: 7237:from the original on 2022-09-24 7191:from the original on 2022-04-08 7145: 7134:from the original on 2017-02-04 7088: 7077:from the original on 2016-10-13 7063: 7052:from the original on 2023-02-01 7034: 7023:from the original on 2023-02-01 7005: 6981: 6970:from the original on 2022-11-02 6952: 6941:from the original on 2022-11-02 6923: 6912:from the original on 2020-09-29 6893: 6862: 6831: 6820:from the original on 2016-12-17 6806: 6795:from the original on 2016-09-20 6781: 6770:from the original on 2022-03-27 6745: 6734:from the original on 2016-05-04 6720: 6644: 6599:"The Secret Life of A.D. White" 6590: 6560: 6542:Becque, Fran (February 2022). " 6536: 6522:"Peeking Into Closed Societies" 6513: 6478:from the original on 2008-05-13 6418:from the original on 2016-03-19 6393:from the original on 2024-06-29 6320:from the original on 2024-07-14 6310:Baird, William Raimond (1905). 6290:Baird, William Raimond (1905). 6174: 5272:Worcester Polytechnic Institute 3448:University of Wisconsin–Madison 1720:, awarded to the winner of the 1034:Georgia Institute of Technology 1024:Georgia Institute of Technology 471:Societies at Colgate University 99:needs additional citations for 10610:"OSU's secret order unearthed" 8772:Oppenheim, Gabe (2006-08-11). 8106:"The History of Cap and Skull" 8072:Stefanie Becker (2013-03-18). 8039:Kate S. Carroll (2006-10-16). 6752:Barr, Krispin Wagoner (2013). 6555:University of Illinois Library 6460: 6374: 6350:Barker, Jacob (15 July 2012). 6343: 6283: 6237:Bagg, Lyman Hotchkiss (1871). 5519:University of British Columbia 5164:Seniors and graduate students 3586:Seniors and graduate students 1607:hosts three secret societies: 1119:Harvard Lodge is a university 984:leading secret society is the 723:." A November 2007 edition of 555:Although the pressures of the 1: 11174:Richards, David Alan (2017). 10673:Cincinnati Alumni Association 10346:Jones, Torrye (2 July 2008). 10141:The Lion's Paw Senior Society 10028:"Eris Quod Sum, Ergo Bibamus" 9893:Cincinnati Alumni Association 6906:FSView & Florida Flambeau 6520:Johnson, Chase (2008-04-08). 6441:Milfeld, Becca (2004-11-04). 6224: 6194:Gomstyn, Alice (2001-05-18). 6098:College of William & Mary 5795:University of Texas at Austin 5541:Sons and Daughters of Liberty 5481:Society of the Purple Shadows 5334:Pennsylvania State University 5242:Washington and Lee University 5118:College of William & Mary 4862: 4702: 4520:Pennsylvania State University 3602:Pennsylvania State University 3140:College of William & Mary 3079:University of Trinity College 2523:Washington and Lee University 2369:College of William & Mary 2002:The term "secret society" at 1925:Washington and Lee University 1920:Washington and Lee University 1897:Society of the Purple Shadows 1812:University of Texas at Austin 1752:contains the archives of the 1293:Pennsylvania State University 1287:Pennsylvania State University 866:Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows 819:Democratic National Committee 495:College of William & Mary 483:College of William & Mary 260: 11155:Millegan, Kris, ed. (2004). 10917:. 2012-11-15. Archived from 10550:"Frequently Asked Questions" 9841:. 2003-05-17. Archived from 9588:. March 2001. Archived from 9494:Francis-Wright, Tim (2001). 9424:"Challenging an institution" 9313:"Challenging an institution" 9068:University of Virginia Press 9030:University of Virginia Press 9000:. 1970-10-30. Archived from 8917:University of Virginia Press 8774:"The Jekyll and Hyde of ZBT" 6654:. 2007-10-25. Archived from 6157:High school secret societies 4270:Order of the Grail-Valkyries 4178:Order of the Claw and Dagger 3471:Jasons Senior Men's Honorary 2739:University of South Carolina 2361:Bishop James Madison Society 1822:University of South Carolina 1478:Rutgers-Princeton Cannon War 1093:Harvard College social clubs 958:George Washington University 953:George Washington University 817:, 20th-century chair of the 565:Bishop James Madison Society 528:William & Mary students 414:University of North Carolina 7: 11236:Collegiate secret societies 11056:Robbins, Alexandra (2004). 9551:Branch, Mark Alden (2001). 8612:West, Elliot (2006-10-31). 8342:Makos, Jeff (Dec 7, 1995). 7371:Edwards, Pat (1997-04-18). 7280:Shapira, Ian (2013-03-14). 6728:"Duke Magazine | Duke" 6150: 4894:Rutherford B. Hayes Society 4301:Order of the Greek Horsemen 3625:Loyal Knights of Old Trusty 2056:Sheffield Scientific School 1581:Order of the Greek Horsemen 1503:Ancient Order of Hibernians 1256:College of Arts and Science 889:Southern Baptist Convention 809:, was the nephew-in-law of 517:. Going dormant during the 48:, discuss the issue on the 10: 11264: 11221:The Peter Dromgoole legend 11064:. New York, NY: Hyperion. 10723:"Virtual Tour: Skull Tomb" 9145:– via Archives West. 8992:] To Make Yearly Roll" 8946:. Vol. IV. New York: 8841:. Vol. IV. New York: 8495:"Michigamua Image Gallery" 6557:. Retrieved March 7, 2022. 5906:Torch & Shield Society 5703:University of Pennsylvania 5450:Society of the Golden Rose 4819:4 junior and 4 senior men 4239:Order of the Golden Fleece 3594:Lion's Paw (honor society) 3264:University of Pennsylvania 2801:University of Nevada, Reno 1995: 1850: 1785: 1782:University of Pennsylvania 1761:Order of the Gorgon's Head 1389: 1199:Loyola University Maryland 1194:Loyola University Maryland 1123:lodge, founded in 1922 by 1090: 937:, South Carolina Governor 700:was a member of the order 661: 609:University of Pennsylvania 486: 468: 273: 10497:"Quaternion Club Members" 9472:(1). 2001. Archived from 9092:Steer, Jay (1968-09-11). 8876:. Vol. V. New York: 7540:"Blue Jay Supper Society" 7096:"Quaternion Club Members" 4987:Scarabbean Senior Society 1722:Missouri–Nebraska Rivalry 1368:is called Mufti, meaning 962:Stephen Joel Trachtenberg 900:The College of Charleston 626:, the first president of 422:University of Mississippi 39:. The specific issue is: 11079:Winks, Robin W. (1996). 10384:finding-aids.lib.unc.edu 9400:"Chimes Junior Honorary" 8664:"The Legend of Gimghoul" 8015:"An elusive institution" 7544:bluejaysuppersociety.com 7491:"JMU Missed Connections" 6572:Columbia Daily Spectator 6167: 5473:Junior and senior women 5211:University of Cincinnati 4217:University of Pittsburgh 3818:University of Cincinnati 2832:University of Cincinnati 2492:Florida State University 1909:University of Washington 1903:University of Washington 1507:Loyal Orange Association 1260:Stern School of Business 1180:Johns Hopkins University 1174:Johns Hopkins University 1159:James Madison University 1154:James Madison University 1080:Cambridge, Massachusetts 873:Legion of Hidden Loyalty 776:Florida State University 766:Florida State University 705:Order of the White Duchy 10850:. Retrieved 2012-11-27. 10698:"The Skull (Home Page)" 10251:. Retrieved 2009-04-14. 10239:. Retrieved 2013-04-10. 10026:Peter, Kessler (2005). 9713:. Retrieved 2008-05-16. 9604:"Buildings and Grounds" 9530:"Yale's Lost Landmarks" 8988:"P.U.M.P.K.I.N.'s [ 8940:Bruce, Philip Alexander 8868:Bruce, Philip Alexander 8845:. pp. 97–99, 338. 8833:Bruce, Philip Alexander 8808:The Daily Pennsylvanian 8778:The Daily Pennsylvanian 7953:Pomona College Magazine 7046:www.library.fordham.edu 7017:www.library.fordham.edu 6993:www.library.fordham.edu 6964:www.library.fordham.edu 6628:Bishop, Morris (1962). 6501:Phi Beta Kappa homepage 5419:Societas Domi Pacificae 5180:Northwestern University 4995:University of Tennessee 4858:Rotunda Burning Society 4850:Seniors, coeducational 3287:Gridiron Secret Society 2894:Northwestern University 1939:. Founded in 1880, the 1585:Gridiron Secret Society 1184:defunct or non-existent 1058:Georgia Tech traditions 971:random acts of kindness 967:River Horse (sculpture) 846:Archdiocese of New York 811:Cardinal John McCloskey 774:is a secret society at 688:Order of the Red Friars 563:, 13 Club, Alpha Club, 448:Individual institutions 342:, with the creation of 10822:Cite journal requires 10781:"Skulls of Seven Home" 10466:University, Longwood. 9922:The Daily Northwestern 7683:Washington Square News 6814:"Trasked with secrecy" 6259:Baird, William Raimond 6128:University of Virginia 6006:University of Virginia 5854:University of Virginia 5824:University of Virginia 5765:University of Virginia 5549:University of Virginia 5489:University of Virginia 5087:University of Virginia 4871:University of Virginia 4773:University of Missouri 4711:University of Virginia 4574:The Phoenix – S K Club 4459:University of Virginia 4186:University of Virginia 3909:University of Missouri 3664:University of Missouri 3633:University of Oklahoma 3510:University of Virginia 3387:University of Virginia 3018:University of Virginia 2299:Aurelian Honor Society 2184:University of Virginia 2096:Aurelian Honor Society 2054:During 1854–1956, the 2051: 1893:P.U.M.P.K.I.N. Society 1859:University of Virginia 1847:University of Virginia 1843: 1745: 1663:University of Missouri 1659: 1648: 1599:University of Michigan 1575:A group unique to the 1470: 1401: 1359: 1083: 659: 499:Williamsburg, Virginia 418:University of Virginia 11029:bancroft.berkeley.edu 10413:archivesspace.mit.edu 10054:The Order of Iron Key 10032:Boalt Hall Transcript 8320:(9): 298. July 1913. 8223:findingaids.smith.edu 8179:findingaids.smith.edu 7985:"Catch Us If You Can" 7746:on September 17, 2012 7433:www.in8foundation.org 6777:– via ProQuest. 6603:The Cornell Daily Sun 5746:District of Columbia 5734:Georgetown University 5695:Sphinx Senior Society 5026:Ohio State University 4902:Ohio State University 4309:University of Georgia 3648:Engineering students 3479:University of Alabama 3295:University of Georgia 3202:University of Florida 2956:Binghamton University 2484:Burning Spear Society 2399:University at Buffalo 2130:Founding institution 2046: 1837: 1795:Friars Senior Society 1740: 1654: 1642: 1577:University of Georgia 1571:University of Georgia 1561:University of Florida 1552:University of Florida 1528:University of Chicago 1461: 1399: 1357: 1074: 1012:, often considered a 977:Georgetown University 840:in Kentucky when the 832:Founded in 1837, the 772:Burning Spear Society 653: 397:William Raimond Baird 11215:"Four Years at Yale" 11204:Yale Alumni Magazine 9924:. 15 February 2011. 9918:"Inside Focus: Deru" 9869:The Reynolds Sandbox 9586:Yale Alumni Magazine 9557:Yale Alumni Magazine 9534:Yale Alumni Magazine 8962:"Wrapped in Mystery" 8919:. pp. 305–306. 8520:"Michigamua Exposed" 7879:. 11 September 1955. 7825:. 20 September 1964. 6632:A History of Cornell 6574:. January 11, 1955. 5816:The Thirteen Society 5349:Juniors and seniors 4504:Juniors and seniors 4108:Juniors and seniors 3879:University at Albany 2731:Clariosophic Society 2176:A.N.G.E.L.S. Society 1828:Clariosophic Society 1718:Society of Innocents 1712:, Friars chapter of 1542:The Iron Key Society 1499:Irish Roman Catholic 1386:Princeton University 1264:Philomathean Society 850:Roman Prima Primaria 624:Andrew Dickson White 220:college fraternities 108:improve this article 54:create a new article 46:improve this article 10970:The Greenville News 10578:Beacon, The Daily. 10296:The Huffington Post 10266:archives.albany.edu 10084:apps.union.wisc.edu 10060:on January 15, 2019 9653:Viccellio, Robert. 9342:"ThurtenE Carnival" 9128:"Oval Club Records" 8960:Viccellio, Robert. 8284:The Harvard Crimson 7877:The Daily Collegian 7862:The Daily Collegian 7823:The Daily Collegian 7796:The Daily Collegian 7621:Longwood University 7597:Longwood University 6900:Kostidakis, Perry. 6412:"Spring Scene 2013" 6387:The Greenville News 6352:"Tiger Brotherhood" 5937:Torch Honor Society 5396:Westminster College 4933:Columbia University 4835:New York University 4675:Longwood University 4209:Order of the Druids 4002:Columbia University 3940:Wesleyan University 3463:Junior and seniors 3440:Iron Shield Society 3109:New York University 2677:Longwood University 2607:Casque and Gauntlet 2276:New York University 2260:Junior and seniors 2013:Delta Kappa Epsilon 1929:Lexington, Virginia 1913:Seattle, Washington 1806:University of Texas 1748:The library at the 1710:Omicron Delta Kappa 1248:New York University 1242:New York University 1215:Longwood University 1210:Longwood University 1203:Baltimore, Maryland 1018:conservative agenda 919:The Quaternion Club 904:Sigma Alpha Epsilon 834:Parthenian Sodality 805:as Grand Sachem of 721:Eruditio et Religio 589:Columbia University 583:Columbia University 519:American Revolution 515:American Revolution 377:Delta Kappa Epsilon 331:Kappa Alpha Society 310:. Since the 1840s, 11130:Robbins, Alexandra 10999:San Francisco Call 10846:2012-04-30 at the 10501:library.furman.edu 10353:The Daily Tar Heel 10191:"Honors Societies" 9709:2007-02-06 at the 8722:The Daily Tar Heel 8549:The Michigan Daily 8135:The New York Times 8046:Daily Princetonian 7347:"The ANAK Society" 6791:. 5 October 2009. 6677:"Senior Societies" 6549:2021-06-10 at the 6336:2021-06-10 at the 6276:2021-06-10 at the 6240:Four Years at Yale 5884:Clemson University 5672:Cornell University 4827:Red Dragon Society 4644:Harvard University 4582:Harvard University 4401:Harvard University 4332:Order of the Torch 3749:Manuscript Society 3722:1956-1960s, 1990s 3233:Harvard University 2863:Harvard University 2584:Rutgers University 2545:Calliopean Society 2153:Harvard University 2133:State or province 2104:Manuscript Society 2052: 1844: 1838:The Rotunda, with 1770:The Daily Tar Heel 1746: 1660: 1649: 1591:across the state. 1522:Herbert John Davis 1474:Rutgers University 1471: 1454:Rutgers University 1402: 1360: 1280:Norwich University 1274:Norwich University 1252:Red Dragon Society 1144:Hasty Pudding Club 1133:Theodore Roosevelt 1125:Harvard Law School 1098:Harvard University 1087:Harvard University 1084: 943:Clement Haynsworth 838:St. Mary's College 787:Fordham University 782:Fordham University 660: 628:Cornell University 620:Cornell University 615:Cornell University 597:Nacoms and Sachems 557:American Civil War 477:Colgate University 465:Colgate University 459:Clemson University 453:Clemson University 360:(1841), and later 202:on many campuses. 11185:978-1-68177-517-3 11178:. Pegasus Books. 11166:978-0-9752906-0-6 11147:978-0-316-73561-2 11121:978-0-9720207-0-1 11106:Sutton, Antony C. 11090:978-0-300-06524-4 11071:978-0-7868-8859-7 9814:diglib.auburn.edu 9786:"Bisonhead at UB" 9761:Havemeyer, Loomis 9659:Virginia Magazine 9077:978-0-8139-0904-2 9054:Dabney, Virginius 9039:978-0-8139-0904-2 9016:Dabney, Virginius 8926:978-0-8139-0904-2 8903:Dabney, Virginius 8639:"Gimghoul Castle" 8377:Finnerty, David. 7846:978-0-271-02720-3 7495:www.instagram.com 6652:"Dear Uncle Ezra" 6609:on April 30, 2011 6414:. 19 April 2013. 6208:on 2 January 2002 6148: 6147: 6036:Dartmouth College 5941:1916–1960s, 1995 5876:Tiger Brotherhood 5846:Thursdays Society 5641:Dartmouth College 5610:Auburn University 5531:British Columbia 4804:Furman University 4613:Dartmouth College 4551:Dartmouth College 4147:Order of Gimghoul 4033:Baylor University 3967:1908–1965, 1990s 3417:Purdue University 3325:Dartmouth College 3171:Dartmouth College 2987:Dartmouth College 2770:Dartmouth College 2708:Dartmouth College 2646:Auburn University 2615:Dartmouth College 2453:Brothers in Unity 2214:Dartmouth College 2124:Charter date and 2029:Brothers in Unity 1978:Thurtene Carnival 1946:George Washington 1754:Order of Gimghoul 1743:Order of Gimghoul 1465:, class of 1919; 1439:, hence the name 1378:social commentary 1342:State College, PA 1227:Sigma Sigma Sigma 912:Kappa Alpha Order 908:Tau Kappa Epsilon 885:Furman University 879:Furman University 756:Ducemus, Speculum 669:Dartmouth College 646:Dartmouth College 636:Sigma Phi Society 426:Dartmouth College 308:John Quincy Adams 288:St. George Tucker 184: 183: 176: 158: 82: 81: 74: 56:, as appropriate. 11253: 11206:(September 2004) 11189: 11170: 11151: 11125: 11094: 11075: 11063: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11040: 11031:. Archived from 11021: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11001:. Feb 23, 1908. 10991: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10951: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10901: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10872: 10863:. Archived from 10857: 10851: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10825: 10820: 10818: 10810: 10806: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10787:. Archived from 10777: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10727:WPI Virtual Tour 10719: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10684: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10625: 10605: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10595: 10584:The Daily Beacon 10575: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10565: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10536: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10512: 10503:. Archived from 10493: 10487: 10486: 10484: 10483: 10472:www.longwood.edu 10463: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10424: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10356:. Archived from 10343: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10333: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10258: 10252: 10246: 10240: 10237: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10227: 10218:. Archived from 10216:"Ma-Wan-Da Home" 10212: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10202: 10187: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10177: 10168:. Archived from 10162: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10133: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10123: 10117: 10110: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10090: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10056:. Archived from 10050:"About Iron Key" 10046: 10040: 10039: 10034:. Archived from 10023: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10013: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9988: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9914: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9904: 9885: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9850: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9825: 9806: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9763:(January 1961). 9757: 9714: 9701: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9670: 9650: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9615: 9600: 9594: 9593: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9568: 9559:. Archived from 9548: 9542: 9541: 9536:. Archived from 9525: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9458: 9452: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9439: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9404:chimes.wustl.edu 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9367: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9357: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9328: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9299: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9260:. Archived from 9249: 9243: 9237: 9231: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9218: 9203: 9197: 9194: 9185: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9172: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9124: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9102:. Archived from 9089: 9083: 9081: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9012: 9006: 9005: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8957: 8951: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8854: 8829: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8810:. Archived from 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8780:. Archived from 8769: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8714: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8704: 8689: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8660: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8650: 8641:. Archived from 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8556: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8506: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8433: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8423: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8394: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8276: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8255:sophia.smith.edu 8247: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8215: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8190: 8171: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8108:. Archived from 8102: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8049:. Archived from 8041:"The Cannon War" 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8026: 8011: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7980: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7944: 7933: 7932: 7931:on 4 March 2010. 7927:. Archived from 7917: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7890:Bronstein, Ben. 7887: 7881: 7880: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7798:. Archived from 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7768:. Archived from 7762: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7742:. Archived from 7730: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7720: 7711:. Archived from 7705: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7664: 7645: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7501: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7181: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7159:. Archived from 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7120: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7098:. Archived from 7092: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6635: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6605:. Archived from 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6564: 6558: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6528:. Archived from 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6445:. Archived from 6438: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6381:Simon, Molly R. 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6347: 6341: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6307: 6298: 6297: 6287: 6281: 6268: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6234: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6204:. Archived from 6178: 6162:Secret societies 6139: 6137: 6136: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6017: 6015: 6014: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5805: 5804: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5726:Stewards Society 5714: 5712: 5711: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5575:1864–1871, 1951 5560: 5558: 5557: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5511:Society of Thoth 5500: 5498: 5497: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5427:Brown University 5407: 5405: 5404: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5357:Skull & Keys 5345: 5343: 5342: 5314: 5312: 5311: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4956:St. Elmo Society 4944: 4942: 4941: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4867: 4864: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4707: 4704: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4500: 4498: 4497: 4489:Emory University 4470: 4468: 4467: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4422:Quill and Coffin 4412: 4410: 4409: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4363:Osirus (society) 4351: 4349: 4348: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4093:Emory University 4074: 4072: 4071: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4025:NoZe Brotherhood 4013: 4011: 4010: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3860: 3858: 3857: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3567:1753–1872, 2008 3563:Linonian Society 3551: 3549: 3548: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3336: 3334: 3333: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3194:Florida Blue Key 3182: 3180: 3179: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3101:Eucleian Society 3090: 3088: 3087: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3029: 3027: 3026: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2812: 2810: 2809: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2688: 2686: 2685: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2549:1819–1853, 1950 2534: 2532: 2531: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2457:1768–1878, 2021 2441: 2439: 2438: 2410: 2408: 2407: 2380: 2378: 2377: 2349: 2347: 2346: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2195: 2193: 2192: 2164: 2162: 2161: 2118: 2117: 2094:(1889), and the 2076:St. Anthony Hall 2025:Sage and Chalice 1950:Lewis Powell Jr. 1669:Theta Nu Epsilon 1645:Theta Nu Epsilon 1557:Florida Blue Key 1417:Woodrow Wilson's 1370:"out of uniform" 1329:football players 1319:) and men (e.g. 1268:Eucleian Society 1236: 1006:Stewards Society 990:Catholic priests 986:Society of Jesus 748:Atlanta, Georgia 744:Emory University 739:Emory University 698:Richard M. Nixon 654:The tomb of the 593:St. Anthony Hall 511:Thomas Jefferson 393:Theta Nu Epsilon 352:class societies. 292:Thomas Jefferson 200:senior societies 179: 172: 168: 165: 159: 157: 116: 92: 84: 77: 70: 66: 63: 57: 26: 25: 18: 11263: 11262: 11256: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11226: 11225: 11196: 11186: 11167: 11148: 11122: 11101: 11099:Further reading 11091: 11072: 11052: 11047: 11038: 11036: 11023: 11022: 11018: 11008: 11006: 10993: 10992: 10988: 10979: 10977: 10962: 10958: 10949: 10947: 10938: 10937: 10933: 10924: 10922: 10913: 10912: 10908: 10899: 10897: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10870: 10868: 10859: 10858: 10854: 10848:Wayback Machine 10839: 10835: 10823: 10821: 10812: 10811: 10807: 10803: 10794: 10792: 10779: 10778: 10774: 10765: 10763: 10750: 10749: 10745: 10736: 10734: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10707: 10705: 10696: 10695: 10691: 10682: 10680: 10667: 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10623: 10621: 10606: 10602: 10593: 10591: 10576: 10572: 10563: 10561: 10548: 10547: 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9610:on May 14, 2008 9602: 9601: 9597: 9580: 9579: 9575: 9566: 9564: 9549: 9545: 9526: 9522: 9513: 9511: 9492: 9488: 9479: 9477: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9450: 9446: 9437: 9435: 9422: 9421: 9417: 9408: 9406: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9384: 9382: 9369: 9368: 9364: 9355: 9353: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9326: 9324: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9297: 9295: 9282: 9281: 9277: 9267: 9265: 9250: 9246: 9238: 9234: 9229: 9225: 9216: 9214: 9205: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9188: 9183: 9179: 9170: 9168: 9155: 9154: 9150: 9141: 9139: 9126: 9125: 9118: 9109: 9107: 9090: 9086: 9078: 9070:. p. 501. 9064:Charlottesville 9051: 9047: 9040: 9032:. p. 502. 9026:Charlottesville 9013: 9009: 8986: 8985: 8981: 8971: 8969: 8958: 8954: 8938: 8934: 8927: 8913:Charlottesville 8900: 8896: 8887: 8885: 8880:. p. 283. 8865: 8861: 8852: 8850: 8830: 8826: 8817: 8815: 8800: 8796: 8787: 8785: 8770: 8766: 8757: 8755: 8746: 8745: 8741: 8731: 8729: 8716: 8715: 8711: 8702: 8700: 8691: 8690: 8686: 8677: 8675: 8662: 8661: 8657: 8648: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8623: 8621: 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5307: 5303:Yale University 5295:Skull and Bones 5278: 5276: 5248: 5246: 5217: 5215: 5186: 5184: 5155: 5153: 5149:Yale University 5124: 5122: 5093: 5091: 5062: 5060: 5056:Yale University 5032: 5030: 5001: 4999: 4970: 4968: 4964:Yale University 4939: 4937: 4908: 4906: 4877: 4875: 4865: 4841: 4839: 4816:South Carolina 4810: 4808: 4796:Quaternion Club 4779: 4777: 4748: 4746: 4742:Yale University 4717: 4715: 4705: 4681: 4679: 4650: 4648: 4636:Porcellian Club 4619: 4617: 4588: 4586: 4557: 4555: 4526: 4524: 4495: 4493: 4481:Paladin Society 4465: 4463: 4436: 4434: 4407: 4405: 4377: 4375: 4346: 4344: 4324:Fraternity men 4315: 4313: 4290:North Carolina 4284: 4282: 4259:North Carolina 4253: 4251: 4223: 4221: 4192: 4190: 4167:North Carolina 4161: 4159: 4130: 4128: 4116:Order of Angell 4099: 4097: 4075:North Carolina 4069: 4067: 4039: 4037: 4008: 4006: 3977: 3975: 3971:Yale University 3946: 3944: 3915: 3913: 3885: 3883: 3855: 3853: 3824: 3822: 3794: 3792: 3788:Trinity College 3763: 3761: 3757:Yale University 3732: 3730: 3726:Yale University 3701: 3699: 3670: 3668: 3639: 3637: 3608: 3606: 3577: 3575: 3571:Yale University 3546: 3544: 3540:Yale University 3516: 3514: 3502:Lantern Society 3485: 3483: 3454: 3452: 3423: 3421: 3393: 3391: 3362: 3360: 3331: 3329: 3301: 3299: 3270: 3268: 3239: 3237: 3208: 3206: 3177: 3175: 3146: 3144: 3115: 3113: 3085: 3083: 3054: 3052: 3048:Yale University 3024: 3022: 2993: 2991: 2962: 2960: 2931: 2929: 2925:Yale University 2900: 2898: 2869: 2867: 2838: 2836: 2807: 2805: 2793:Coffin and Keys 2776: 2774: 2751:South Carolina 2745: 2743: 2714: 2712: 2683: 2681: 2652: 2650: 2621: 2619: 2590: 2588: 2559: 2557: 2553:Yale University 2529: 2527: 2515:Cadaver Society 2498: 2496: 2467: 2465: 2461:Yale University 2436: 2434: 2430:Yale University 2405: 2403: 2375: 2373: 2344: 2342: 2338:Yale University 2313: 2311: 2307:Yale University 2282: 2280: 2251: 2249: 2220: 2218: 2190: 2188: 2159: 2157: 2116: 2072:Spade and Grave 2064:Skull and Bones 2048:Skull and Bones 2037:Yale Daily News 2004:Yale University 2000: 1994: 1992:Yale University 1966: 1957:Cadaver Society 1937:Cadaver Society 1922: 1905: 1855: 1849: 1824: 1814:is home to the 1808: 1790: 1784: 1741:Hippol Castle, 1735: 1702:Sigma Phi Sigma 1665: 1658:, Tap Day 2006 1643:Alpha Theta of 1609:Order of Angell 1601: 1573: 1554: 1530: 1491: 1456: 1394: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1350: 1305:Skull and Bones 1289: 1276: 1244: 1234: 1212: 1196: 1176: 1156: 1127:Dean/Professor 1095: 1089: 1026: 979: 955: 881: 801:, successor to 784: 768: 752:Paladin Society 741: 733:Trident Society 680:Duke University 677: 675:Duke University 666: 648: 617: 595:(1847) and the 585: 491: 485: 473: 467: 455: 450: 410:Amherst College 382:Alpha Sigma Phi 366:Alpha Delta Phi 348:Skull and Bones 344:Chi Delta Theta 276: 263: 251:Skull and Bones 247: 230:Yale Daily News 225:Skull and Bones 208: 186:There are many 180: 169: 163: 160: 117: 115: 105: 93: 78: 67: 61: 58: 43: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 11261: 11260: 11249: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11224: 11223: 11218: 11212: 11207: 11195: 11194:External links 11192: 11191: 11190: 11184: 11171: 11165: 11152: 11146: 11138:Back Bay Books 11126: 11120: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11095: 11089: 11076: 11070: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11045: 11016: 10986: 10956: 10942:. 2020-03-06. 10931: 10906: 10877: 10852: 10833: 10824:|journal= 10801: 10772: 10743: 10714: 10689: 10660: 10630: 10600: 10570: 10541: 10517: 10488: 10458: 10429: 10400: 10371: 10338: 10313: 10282: 10253: 10241: 10232: 10207: 10182: 10157: 10128: 10095: 10071: 10041: 10038:on 2006-05-15. 10018: 9993: 9964: 9958:978-0898659603 9957: 9939: 9909: 9880: 9855: 9830: 9798: 9777: 9715: 9675: 9620: 9595: 9592:on 2011-07-09. 9573: 9543: 9540:on 2007-02-27. 9520: 9486: 9453: 9444: 9415: 9391: 9371:"lockandchain" 9362: 9333: 9304: 9275: 9258:Trident Online 9244: 9232: 9223: 9198: 9186: 9177: 9148: 9116: 9099:Cavalier Daily 9084: 9076: 9045: 9038: 9007: 9004:on 2008-05-19. 8997:Cavalier Daily 8979: 8952: 8950:. p. 100. 8932: 8925: 8894: 8859: 8824: 8794: 8764: 8739: 8709: 8684: 8655: 8630: 8604: 8601:on 2007-10-14. 8586: 8561: 8536: 8511: 8486: 8472:. 2016-02-17. 8457: 8428: 8399: 8369: 8334: 8301: 8271: 8239: 8195: 8151: 8137:. 1917-01-20. 8122: 8097: 8064: 8031: 8006: 7970: 7934: 7925:Pomona College 7909: 7882: 7867: 7852: 7845: 7828: 7813: 7782: 7757: 7725: 7700: 7669: 7637: 7608: 7584: 7568:www.loyola.edu 7555: 7531: 7506: 7482: 7464: 7444: 7420: 7406:. 2017-11-08. 7395: 7363: 7335: 7321:. 2020-02-21. 7310: 7272: 7258:. 2014-02-21. 7247: 7233:. 2000-10-27. 7222: 7201: 7187:. 2020-03-06. 7173: 7144: 7130:. 2001-02-08. 7128:The GW Hatchet 7112: 7087: 7073:. 2009-12-07. 7062: 7033: 7004: 6980: 6951: 6922: 6892: 6861: 6830: 6805: 6780: 6744: 6719: 6693: 6668: 6643: 6620: 6589: 6559: 6535: 6532:on 2011-09-30. 6512: 6488: 6459: 6428: 6403: 6373: 6356:Clemson Tigers 6342: 6299: 6282: 6250: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6190:Fire and Skoal 6172: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6130: 6125: 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5455: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5429: 5424: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5398: 5393: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5367: 5362: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5336: 5331: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5305: 5300: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284:Massachusetts 5274: 5269: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5244: 5239: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5213: 5208: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5182: 5177: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5151: 5146: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5120: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5089: 5084: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5058: 5053: 5050: 5048:Scroll and Key 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5008: 4997: 4992: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4966: 4961: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4935: 4930: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4904: 4899: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4873: 4868: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4837: 4832: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4806: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4775: 4770: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4744: 4739: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4713: 4708: 4700: 4698:P.U.M.P.K.I.N. 4694: 4693: 4691: 4690:Coeducational 4688: 4677: 4672: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656:Massachusetts 4646: 4641: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625:New Hampshire 4615: 4610: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4594:Massachusetts 4584: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4563:New Hampshire 4553: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4522: 4517: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4461: 4456: 4453: 4451:O.W.L. Society 4447: 4446: 4443: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4413:Massachusetts 4403: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4383:Massachusetts 4373: 4368: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4342: 4337: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4311: 4306: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4219: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4188: 4183: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4095: 4090: 4087: 4085:Order of Ammon 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4065: 4060: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4035: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3973: 3968: 3965: 3963:Myth and Sword 3959: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3942: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3901:Mystical Seven 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3881: 3876: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3851: 3849:Pomona College 3846: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3820: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3759: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3728: 3723: 3720: 3718:Mace and Chain 3714: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3697: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3666: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3635: 3630: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3604: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3542: 3537: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3512: 3507: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3481: 3476: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3450: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3358: 3353: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337:New Hampshire 3327: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3266: 3261: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3245:Massachusetts 3235: 3230: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3217:Upperclassmen 3215: 3204: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183:New Hampshire 3173: 3168: 3165: 3163:Fire and Skoal 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155:Upperclassmen 3153: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3132:F.H.C. Society 3128: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3111: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999:New Hampshire 2989: 2984: 2981: 2979:Dragon Society 2975: 2974: 2972: 2971:Upperclassmen 2969: 2958: 2953: 2950: 2948:Dragon Society 2944: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875:Massachusetts 2865: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2782:New Hampshire 2772: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2754:Coeducational 2752: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2720:New Hampshire 2710: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692:Coeducational 2690: 2679: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2627:New Hampshire 2617: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2494: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2463: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2432: 2427: 2424: 2422:Book and Snake 2418: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2401: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2371: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2247: 2242: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226:New Hampshire 2216: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2165:Massachusetts 2155: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2115: 2112: 2108:Mace and Chain 2088:Book and Snake 2068:Scroll and Key 1996:Main article: 1993: 1990: 1965: 1962: 1921: 1918: 1904: 1901: 1851:Main article: 1848: 1845: 1823: 1820: 1807: 1804: 1786:Main article: 1783: 1780: 1734: 1731: 1698:Kappa Beta Phi 1677:Mystical Seven 1664: 1661: 1600: 1597: 1572: 1569: 1553: 1550: 1529: 1526: 1490: 1487: 1455: 1452: 1390:Main article: 1387: 1384: 1366:secret society 1362:Pomona College 1358:A Mufti burger 1352: 1351: 1349: 1348:Pomona College 1346: 1288: 1285: 1275: 1272: 1243: 1240: 1223:Zeta Tau Alpha 1211: 1208: 1195: 1192: 1175: 1172: 1155: 1152: 1091:Main article: 1088: 1085: 1025: 1022: 1014:secret society 978: 975: 954: 951: 880: 877: 862:Cunniffe House 854:Roman Sodality 783: 780: 767: 764: 760:Order of Ammon 740: 737: 725:Rival Magazine 715:Duke Chronicle 676: 673: 662:Main article: 647: 644: 630:and himself a 616: 613: 584: 581: 571:, The Spades, 550:Phi Beta Kappa 538:Phi Beta Kappa 487:Main article: 484: 481: 466: 463: 454: 451: 449: 446: 430:Centre College 358:Scroll and Key 323:Phi Beta Kappa 321:The spread of 312:Phi Beta Kappa 300:Phi Beta Kappa 280:F.H.C. Society 275: 272: 267:Phi Beta Kappa 262: 259: 255:Scroll and Key 246: 243: 207: 206:Categorization 204: 192:secret society 182: 181: 96: 94: 87: 80: 79: 37:of the subject 35:worldwide view 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11259: 11258: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11233: 11231: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11205: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11187: 11181: 11177: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11159:. Trine Day. 11158: 11153: 11149: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11114:. Trine Day. 11113: 11112: 11107: 11103: 11102: 11092: 11086: 11082: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11062: 11061: 11054: 11053: 11035:on 2021-08-17 11034: 11030: 11026: 11020: 11009:September 25, 11004: 11000: 10996: 10990: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10960: 10945: 10941: 10935: 10921:on 2012-11-15 10920: 10916: 10910: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10867:on 2008-05-24 10866: 10862: 10856: 10849: 10845: 10842: 10837: 10829: 10816: 10805: 10791:on 2009-02-01 10790: 10786: 10782: 10776: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10747: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10718: 10703: 10699: 10693: 10678: 10674: 10670: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10639:"Sherman Ave" 10634: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10604: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10574: 10559: 10555: 10554:Hayes Society 10551: 10545: 10531: 10530:Hayes Society 10527: 10521: 10507:on 2016-08-18 10506: 10502: 10498: 10492: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10462: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10433: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10375: 10359: 10355: 10354: 10349: 10342: 10327: 10323: 10317: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10286: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10257: 10250: 10245: 10236: 10222:on 2011-04-26 10221: 10217: 10211: 10197:on 2008-05-18 10196: 10192: 10186: 10172:on 2008-11-24 10171: 10167: 10161: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10132: 10114: 10107: 10106: 10099: 10085: 10081: 10075: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10045: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10022: 10007: 10003: 9997: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9968: 9960: 9954: 9950: 9943: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9884: 9870: 9866: 9859: 9845:on 2003-05-17 9844: 9840: 9834: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9803: 9787: 9781: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9609: 9605: 9599: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9577: 9563:on 2008-04-20 9562: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9524: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9490: 9476:on 2002-03-06 9475: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9448: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9419: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9279: 9264:on 2005-01-12 9263: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9241: 9236: 9227: 9212: 9208: 9202: 9193: 9191: 9181: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9106:on 2008-05-19 9105: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9088: 9079: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9049: 9041: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8991: 8983: 8967: 8963: 8956: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8936: 8928: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8898: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8863: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8828: 8814:on 2008-05-17 8813: 8809: 8805: 8798: 8784:on 2008-05-17 8783: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8698: 8694: 8688: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8645:on 2008-04-10 8644: 8640: 8634: 8620:on 2008-05-19 8619: 8615: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8575: 8571: 8565: 8550: 8546: 8540: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8432: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8373: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8338: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8305: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8244: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8112:on 2002-01-23 8111: 8107: 8101: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8068: 8053:on 2012-02-07 8052: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8035: 8020: 8016: 8010: 7994: 7990: 7989:Hidden Pomona 7986: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7916: 7914: 7897: 7893: 7886: 7878: 7871: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7824: 7817: 7802:on 2 May 2011 7801: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7772:on 2016-04-02 7771: 7767: 7761: 7745: 7741: 7740: 7735: 7729: 7715:on 2016-03-31 7714: 7710: 7704: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7673: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7642: 7626: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7545: 7541: 7535: 7521: 7517: 7510: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7471: 7467: 7465:9780312366919 7461: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7385:on 2007-12-24 7384: 7380: 7379: 7378:The Technique 7374: 7367: 7353:on 2010-09-03 7352: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7218: 7217: 7212: 7205: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7178: 7163:on 2020-06-22 7162: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7102:on 2016-08-18 7101: 7097: 7091: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7008: 6994: 6990: 6984: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6834: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6756: 6748: 6733: 6729: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6683:on 2007-02-06 6682: 6678: 6672: 6658:on 2013-06-06 6657: 6653: 6647: 6639: 6634: 6633: 6624: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6593: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6516: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6449:on 2011-09-28 6448: 6444: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6377: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6306: 6304: 6295: 6294: 6286: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6233: 6229: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6201:The Dartmouth 6197: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5929:Senior women 5928: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5715:Pennsylvania 5706: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5439:Rhode Island 5430: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5346:Pennsylvania 5337: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234:Sigma Society 5232: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5079:Seven Society 5077: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5018:Scarlet Order 5016: 5015: 5012: 5009: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4566:Senior women 4565: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4532:Pennsylvania 4523: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4415: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4229:Pennsylvania 4220: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3679:Senior women 3678: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3636: 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Founded at 897: 892: 890: 886: 876: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 852:in 1847. The 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 827: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 791:anti-Catholic 788: 779: 777: 773: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 736: 734: 729: 726: 722: 717: 716: 709: 706: 701: 699: 694: 691:the steps of 689: 684: 681: 672: 670: 665: 657: 652: 643: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 612: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 580: 578: 574: 570: 569:Flat Hat Club 566: 562: 561:The 7 Society 558: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 534:William Short 531: 526: 524: 523:Flat Hat Club 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 490: 480: 478: 472: 462: 460: 445: 441: 438: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 383: 378: 374: 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 332: 328: 324: 319: 317: 316:honor society 313: 309: 305: 304:Flat Hat Club 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 271: 268: 258: 256: 252: 245:Common traits 242: 238: 234: 232: 231: 226: 221: 217: 213: 203: 201: 195: 193: 189: 178: 175: 167: 156: 153: 149: 146: 142: 139: 135: 132: 128: 125: – 124: 120: 119:Find sources: 113: 109: 103: 102: 97:This article 95: 91: 86: 85: 76: 73: 65: 55: 51: 47: 42: 38: 36: 29: 20: 19: 16: 11203: 11175: 11156: 11133: 11110: 11080: 11059: 11050:Bibliography 11037:. 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