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powering a cold-water geyser can escape the rock strata overlying its aquifer only through weak segments of rock, like faults, joints, or drilled wells. A borehole drilled for a well, for example, can unexpectedly provide an escape route for the pressurized water and
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so that it remains in the water as dissolved gas or small bubbles. When the pressure decreases due to the widening of a fissure, the CO
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to reach the surface. The column of water rising through the rock exerts enough pressure on the gaseous CO
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Bonotto, Daniel Marcos (2016). "Hydrogeochemical study of spas groundwaters from southeast Brazil".
100:. The magnitude and frequency of such eruptions depend on various factors such as plumbing depth, CO
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270:; Pfaff, R.M. (2005). "The operation and geography of carbon-dioxide-driven, cold-water geysers".
48:. Cold-water geysers look quite similar to their steam-driven counterparts; however, their CO
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44:: The gush of a cold-water geyser is identical to the spurt from a freshly-opened bottle of
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bubbles expand, and that expansion displaces the water above and causes the eruption.
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derive the energy for their eruptons from the proximity to (relatively) near-surface
92:, by definition of "cold-water", they do not also obtain sufficient heat to provide
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84:. In contrast, whereas cold water geysers might also derive their supply of CO
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40:-bubbles, instead of the hot steam which drives the more familiar hot-water
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are trapped by less permeable overlying strata. The more familiar hot-water
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96:, and their eruptions are propelled only by the pressure of dissolved CO
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are geysers that have eruptions whose water spurts are propelled by
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concentrations and refresh rate, aquifer water yield, etc.
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52:-laden water often appears whiter and more frothy.
26:, (Germany), the world's highest cold-water geyser
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238:"Carbon dioxide-driven, cold water geysers"
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18:
16:Natural explosive eruption of cold water
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242:University of California, Santa Barbara
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149:Notable cold-water geysers include:
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297:Journal of Geochemical Exploration
168:Other cold-water geysers include:
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68:-laden water lies confined in an
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310:10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.07.016
107:The water and its load of CO
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7:
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154:Saratoga Springs, New York
72:, in which water and CO
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27:
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349:Springs (hydrology)
344:Cold water geysers
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141:Cold-water geyser
64:, the supply of CO
62:cold-water geysers
31:Cold-water geysers
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240:(academic site).
163:Green River, Utah
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244:. Archived from
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211:Namedyer Sprudel
207:Andernach Geyser
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90:magmatic sources
24:Andernach Geyser
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354:Bodies of water
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236:(6 May 2005) .
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191:Wallender Born
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159:Crystal Geyser
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143:Wallender Born
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94:steam pressure
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268:Glennon, J.A.
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248:on 2007-09-02
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234:Glennon, J.A.
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276:Transactions
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250:. Retrieved
246:the original
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201:Wehr Geyser
333:Categories
283:: 184–192.
218:References
213:), Germany
197:), Germany
187:, Slovakia
185:Sivá Brada
181:, Slovakia
304:: 60–72.
145:(Germany)
56:Mechanism
209:(a.k.a.
193:(a.k.a.
175:, Brazil
128:Examples
46:soda pop
339:Geysers
203:Germany
195:Brubbel
179:Herľany
173:Caxambu
161:, near
78:geysers
70:aquifer
42:geysers
252:8 June
88:from
82:magma
273:GOSA
254:2007
314:hdl
306:doi
302:169
60:In
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312:.
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225:^
112:CO
35:CO
322:.
316::
308::
281:9
256:.
122:2
118:2
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102:2
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37:2
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