64:
42:
2768:
Since they are commonly found in soils and in microbiota of humans and animals, Clostridia wounds and infections are found worldwide. Host defenses against the microbe are nearly absent, and very little innate immunity exists, if any. Clostridia can be diagnosed by recognizing the characteristics of
3254:
Labus, Jennifer S.; Hsiao, Elaine; Tap, Julien; Derrien, Muriel; Gupta, Arpana; Le Nevé, Boris; Brazeilles, Rémi; Grinsvall, Cecilia; Ohman, Lena; Törnblom, Hans; Tillisch, Kirsten; Simren, Magnus; Mayer, Emeran A. (2017). "Clostridia from the Gut
Microbiome are Associated with Brain Functional
280:
organisms that ferment plant polysaccharides and are found in many places in the environment, most notably the soil. However, the genus does contain some human pathogens (outlined below). The toxins produced by certain members of the genus
2769:
the lesion of the infection along with Gram stains of the tissue and bacterial culture. Although the body does not have adequate defenses alone, this microbe can be controlled with the help of antibiotics, like penicillin, and tissue
269:
group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called
Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future.
3029:
2824:
in the gut microbiome and overall mental health, with gut microbiome transplants as an avenue of future research into novel treatments for certain psychiatric disorders.
3207:"The long-term effects of faecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal symptoms and general health in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection"
4704:
522:
5156:
4796:
2631:
555:
5339:
4068:
3006:
454:
4981:
4188:
4168:
3652:
2805:(CDI). Effects of this infection include severe diarrhea and the severity of many bowel related diseases is also increased as a result of the infection. Other
2655:
572:
4620:
4521:
844:
772:
4514:
4495:
4322:
4242:
4021:
2528:
2421:
2372:
1495:
1340:
1079:
709:
692:
126:
5082:
4908:
4884:
4855:
4742:
4666:
4550:
4528:
3769:
2478:
1863:
1456:
1290:
652:
4788:
4632:
4254:
4217:
4195:
4104:
4092:
2545:
2300:
1471:
861:
143:
3285:
4988:
4870:
4764:
4080:
4009:
3603:
3566:
3514:
3315:
2355:
2126:
2021:
1914:
964:
789:
149:
4654:
4483:
4273:
4235:
2150:
1543:
174:
5313:
5163:
4605:
4535:
4147:
1931:
1890:
821:
635:
114:
5144:
5070:
4502:
2495:
2005:
1443:
1323:
5352:
5179:
4896:
4688:
4593:
4285:
4135:
4119:
3681:
3457:
3033:
2331:
1519:
741:
458:
154:
375:
2438:
3148:
4843:
4310:
3846:
5287:
5326:
2833:
3308:
5331:
5187:
3097:
468:
334:
2802:
2875:
5388:
5357:
3353:
3301:
3076:
3348:
3432:
3422:
3405:
398:
5426:
2813:
417:
17:
2944:"Anaerobes and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy: Virulence Factors Contributing to Vaginal Colonisation"
2795:
Overuse of antibiotics can cause imbalance of the gut microbiome, leading to overgrowth of the species
370:
63:
5393:
5367:
3837:
3180:
3153:
3126:
2893:"Functional diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes enabling a bacterium to ferment plant biomass"
2838:
2797:
475:
382:
339:
169:
5000:
3437:
2843:
318:
164:
5204:
3400:
358:
50:
5380:
5318:
5274:
5242:
5051:
3986:
422:
3205:
Jalanka, J.; Hillamaa, A.; Satokari, R.; Mattila, E.; Anttila, V.-J.; Arkkila, P. (2018).
8:
5416:
5057:
4812:
3991:
1274:
302:
244:
5421:
5106:
3417:
3395:
3383:
3358:
3293:
2978:
2943:
2919:
2892:
939:
346:
183:
58:
3268:
2820:. This preliminary research seems to suggest a tentative link between the presence of
5375:
5261:
4404:
3427:
3390:
3378:
3368:
3236:
3228:
2983:
2965:
2924:
2871:
1679:
389:
248:
5266:
5062:
4820:
4775:
4728:
4566:
3732:
3342:
3264:
3218:
2973:
2955:
2914:
2904:
2223:
2167:
1694:
1560:
1192:
159:
5113:
5017:
4830:
4825:
4579:
4381:
4359:
4174:
3887:
3858:
3808:
3643:
3538:
3506:
2909:
2809:
bacteria in the gut have been linked to brain connectivity and healthy function.
2071:
1208:
1152:
1136:
1095:
434:
294:
137:
5093:
5032:
5023:
4920:
4876:
4684:
4647:
4561:
4453:
4394:
3897:
3874:
3577:
3490:
3477:
3472:
3373:
2782:
1659:
1646:
980:
442:
327:
5410:
5227:
5099:
4753:
4472:
4412:
4389:
4328:
4115:
3998:
3976:
3945:
3919:
3820:
3634:
3525:
3501:
3482:
3453:
3232:
3175:
2969:
2817:
2276:
1642:
1395:
506:
429:
286:
261:
256:
132:
120:
2960:
2861:
2859:
4959:
4949:
4673:
4465:
4437:
4346:
4266:
4202:
4057:
4032:
3955:
3551:
3533:
3240:
2987:
2928:
1056:
394:
226:
5253:
3055:
5300:
5236:
4931:
4835:
4442:
4369:
3121:
2856:
2770:
285:
are among the most dangerous known. Examples are tetanus toxin (known as
235:
5344:
3002:
41:
5044:
4936:
4715:
4447:
4374:
3677:
3557:
3324:
2227:
1718:
1239:
277:
5305:
3223:
3206:
4427:
3693:
266:
230:
85:
5198:
5292:
5221:
3412:
3328:
363:
323:
265:) and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a
75:
3699:
2948:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2219:
1751:
351:
240:
2870:(4th ed.). Galveston: Universirt of Texas Medical Branch.
3204:
5279:
2891:
Boutard, Magali; Cerisy, Tristan; Nogue, Pierre-Yves (2014).
2816:
to treat their CDI have seen improvements in their mood and
239:
and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the
3323:
3007:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
455:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
441:
Some of the enzymes produced by this group are used in
2942:
Africa, Charlene; Nel, Janske; Stemmet, Megan (2014).
3253:
301:. Some species have been isolated from women with
2890:
251:and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class
5408:
2941:
2781:Clostridia bacteria are commonly found in the
3309:
3168:
3034:National Center for Biotechnology Information
459:National Center for Biotechnology Information
453:The currently accepted taxonomy based on the
2935:
2788:
3316:
3302:
3255:Connectivity and Evoked Symptoms in IBS".
3211:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2884:
438:are also members of the class Clostridia.
40:
3222:
2977:
2959:
2918:
2908:
3000:
2776:
313:Notable species of this class include:
14:
5409:
2834:List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
5203:
5202:
3297:
3200:
3198:
2865:
2812:Patients that have been subjected to
5368:987d69ea-7d9a-49fc-900f-804a621fcdb6
3141:
3114:
376:acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation
24:
3195:
3048:
3027:
25:
5438:
3279:
62:
3247:
3077:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
2763:
488:Firmicutes 3 ♦
3090:
3069:
3021:
2994:
13:
1:
3269:10.1016/S0016-5085(17)30496-1
2849:
1828:♦ Paraphyletic "Clostridiia"
399:infectious necrotic hepatitis
2910:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004773
2814:fecal microbiota transplants
448:
7:
3289:cluster reference sequences
3098:"LTP_08_2023 Release Notes"
2827:
2773:for the more severe cases.
2288:"Desulfotomaculota" ♦
418:Clostridium phytofermentans
10:
5443:
474:120 marker proteins based
371:Clostridium acetobutylicum
308:
272:Most species of the genus
5211:
5173:
5136:
5010:
4811:
4710:"Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
4696:
4683:
4426:
4358:
4300:
4227:
4127:
4114:
4050:
3969:
3938:
3931:
3836:
3676:
3624:
3465:
3452:
3336:
2669:
2652:
2645:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2542:
2525:
2518:
2492:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2435:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2369:
2352:
2345:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2297:
2290:
2274:
2266:
2259:
2216:
2208:
2164:
2147:
2140:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2068:
2060:
2053:
2018:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1981:
1928:
1911:
1904:
1884:
1877:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1774:
1749:
1716:
1692:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1557:
1540:
1533:
1516:
1509:
1492:
1485:
1468:
1461:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1392:
1379:
1372:
1337:
1320:
1313:
1287:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1205:
1190:
1183:
1150:
1133:
1126:
1093:
1076:
1069:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
978:
961:
954:
936:
929:
858:
841:
834:
819:
812:
786:
769:
762:
755:
739:
732:
706:
689:
682:
675:
649:
632:
625:
618:
616:Firmicutes 2 ♦
610:
569:
552:
545:
519:
504:
497:
490:
473:
466:
255:are often but not always
189:
182:
110:
105:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
4967:"Thermodesulfovibrionia"
4705:Acidulodesulfobacteriota
3720:"Thermosediminibacteria"
3658:"Marinamargulisbacteria"
3181:Genome Taxonomy Database
3154:Genome Taxonomy Database
3127:Genome Taxonomy Database
3036:(NCBI) taxonomy database
2839:List of bacterial orders
2798:Clostridioides difficile
2790:Clostridioides difficile
2619:Bacillota A ♦
2114:Bacillota D ♦
1851:Bacillota E ♦
523:Caldicellulosiruptorales
383:Clostridium haemolyticum
340:pseudomembranous colitis
335:Clostridioides difficile
170:Thermosediminibacterales
5001:Thermodesulfobacteriota
4802:"Thermosulfidibacteria"
3661:"Riflemargulisbacteria"
3122:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
2961:10.3390/ijerph110706979
2844:List of bacteria genera
405:Clostridium oedematiens
319:Clostridium perfringens
165:Thermoanaerobacteriales
5157:Salinosulfoleibacteria
4975:"Lambdaproteobacteria"
4797:Thermosulfidibacterota
4074:"Macinerneyibacteriia"
3717:"Thermoanaerobacteria"
3644:Vampirovibrionophyceae
3149:"bac120_r214.sp_label"
2866:Baron, Samuel (1996).
2632:Thermosediminibacteria
556:Thermosediminibacteria
4069:Macinerneyibacteriota
2777:Clostridia and health
2675:(incl. Tissierellia)
1780:(incl. Tissierellia)
359:Clostridium botulinum
51:Clostridium botulinum
5052:Polarisedimenticolia
5040:"Guanabaribacteriia"
4982:Schekmaniibacteriota
4723:"Desulfurobacteriia"
4638:"Handelsmanbacteria"
4626:"Krumholzibacteriia"
4189:Firestoneibacteriota
4169:Desantisiibacteriota
3987:Coprothermobacterota
3867:"Absconditabacteria"
3784:"Desulfitobacteriia"
3653:Margulisiibacteriota
3028:Sayers; et al.
2868:Medical Microbiology
2656:Thermoanaerobacteria
2214:Bacillota s.s.
573:Thermoanaerobacteria
423:biomass fermentation
206:Watanabe et al. 2019
5427:Bacterial vaginosis
5186:Alternative views:
5058:Thermoanaerobaculia
4861:"Anaeroferrophilia"
4813:Deltaproteobacteria
4785:Desulfobacterota G
4648:Neomarinimicrobiota
4621:Krumholzibacteriota
4522:Edwardsiibacteriota
4248:"Hinthialibacteria"
4027:"Thermodesulfobiia"
3992:Coprothermobacteria
3804:"Halanaerobiaeota"
3752:"Thermaerobacteria"
3639:"Sericytochromatia"
2066:"Halanaerobiaeota"
1275:Thermolithobacteria
845:Desulfitibacterales
773:Calderihabitantales
303:bacterial vaginosis
245:aerobic respiration
212:Sorokin et al. 2021
204:"Desulfotomaculia"
200:Cavalier-Smith 2020
194:Cavalier-Smith 2020
4914:"Methylomirabilia"
4864:"Deferrimicrobiia"
4748:"Calescibacteriia"
4574:"Raymondbacteriia"
4556:"Fermentibacteria"
4515:Delongiibacteriota
4496:Coatesiibacteriota
4323:Lindowiibacteriota
4243:Hinthialibacterota
4022:Thermodesulfobiota
3870:"Andersenbacteria"
3796:"Syntrophomonadia"
3787:"Desulfotomaculia"
3778:"Carboxydothermia"
3609:"Eudoremicrobiia"
3594:"Heboniibacteriia"
2529:Carboxydothermales
2481:" {GCA-003054495}
2422:Thermacetogeniales
2373:Desulfitobacteriia
1496:Desulfitobacteriia
1341:Desulfofundulaceae
1080:Thermodesulfobiota
710:Thermacetogeniales
693:Carboxydothermales
347:Clostridium tetani
249:obligate anaerobes
127:Desulfotomaculales
5404:
5403:
5376:Open Tree of Life
5205:Taxon identifiers
5196:
5195:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5083:Leptospirillaeota
5037:"Fischerbacteria"
4909:Methylomirabilota
4885:Desulfuromonadota
4856:Deferrimicrobiota
4780:"Deferribacteria"
4743:Calescibacteriota
4733:"Campylobacteria"
4667:Tianyaibacteriota
4641:"Latescibacteria"
4551:Fermentibacterota
4529:Eiseniibacteriota
4431:(Sphingobacteria)
4405:Verrucomicrobiota
4363:(Planctobacteria)
4260:"Hydrogenedentia"
4162:"Tritonobacteria"
4046:
4045:
3912:"Saccharimonadia"
3893:"Howlettbacteria"
3832:
3831:
3816:"Selenobacteria"
3781:"Dehalobacteriia"
3775:"Carboxydocellia"
3770:Desulfotomaculota
3760:"Hydrogenisporia"
3749:"Symbiobacteriia"
3738:"Proteinivoracia"
3582:"Abditibacteriia"
3495:"Geothermincolia"
3224:10.1111/apt.14443
2803:serious infection
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2507:
2506:
2479:Carboxydocellales
2450:
2449:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2272:"Selenobacteria"
2248:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2083:
2082:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2032:
1994:Bacillota G
1970:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1864:Thermaerobacteria
1825:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1763:
1762:
1754:{Bacillota s.s.}
1738:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1705:
1704:
1680:Acholeplasmatales
1608:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1457:Desulfotomaculota
1416:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1302:
1301:
1291:Carboxydocellales
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
881:
873:
872:
801:
800:
721:
720:
664:
663:
653:Thermaerobacteria
602:
601:
593:
592:
584:
583:
534:
533:
409:Clostridium novyi
390:Clostridium novyi
378:, or ABE process)
219:
218:
213:
210:"Natranaerobiia"
207:
201:
195:
101:
27:Class of bacteria
16:(Redirected from
5434:
5397:
5396:
5384:
5383:
5371:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5348:
5347:
5335:
5334:
5322:
5321:
5309:
5308:
5296:
5295:
5283:
5282:
5270:
5269:
5257:
5256:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5200:
5199:
5088:"Leptospirillia"
5063:Vicinamibacteria
4994:"Entotheonellia"
4890:Desulfuromonadia
4821:Bdellovibrionota
4789:Syntrophorhabdia
4776:Deferribacterota
4729:Campylobacterota
4694:
4693:
4633:Latescibacterota
4567:Chitinivibrionia
4544:"Tariuqbacteria"
4417:Verrucomicrobiia
4255:Hydrogenedentota
4218:Ratteibacteriota
4211:"Velamenicoccia"
4196:Goldiibacteriota
4159:"Erginobacteria"
4153:"Ancaeobacteria"
4125:
4124:
4105:Walliibacteriota
4093:Rifleibacteriota
4086:"Muiribacteriia"
4015:"Lithacetigenia"
3936:
3935:
3906:"Microgenomatia"
3883:"Doudnabacteria"
3728:"Dethiobacteria"
3687:
3667:"Termititenacia"
3631:Cyanobacteriota
3615:"Eremiobacteria"
3546:"Limnocylindria"
3520:"Bipolaricaulia"
3463:
3462:
3365:
3345:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3273:
3272:
3257:Gastroenterology
3251:
3245:
3244:
3226:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2963:
2954:(7): 6979–7000.
2939:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2903:(11): e1004773.
2888:
2882:
2881:
2863:
2648:
2647:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2615:
2546:Desulfotomaculia
2521:
2520:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2348:
2347:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2301:Syntrophomonadia
2293:
2292:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2224:Erysipelotrichia
2211:
2210:
2143:
2142:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2055:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1907:
1906:
1880:
1879:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1695:Erysipelotrichia
1673:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1536:
1535:
1512:
1511:
1488:
1487:
1472:Desulfotomaculia
1464:
1463:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1375:
1374:
1316:
1315:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1242:" 1 ♦
1193:Chitinivibrionia
1186:
1185:
1129:
1128:
1072:
1071:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
957:
956:
932:
931:
862:Syntrophomonadia
837:
836:
815:
814:
765:
764:
758:
757:
735:
734:
685:
684:
678:
677:
628:
627:
621:
620:
613:
612:
606:
605:
548:
547:
500:
499:
493:
492:
485:
484:
464:
463:
211:
205:
199:
198:"Halanaerobiia"
193:
160:Natranaerobiales
144:Heliobacteriales
99:
67:
66:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5392:
5387:
5379:
5374:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5351:
5343:
5338:
5330:
5325:
5317:
5312:
5304:
5299:
5291:
5286:
5278:
5273:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5250:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5207:
5197:
5192:
5180:Bergey's Manual
5169:
5124:
5119:"Pseudomonadia"
5029:"Aminicenantia"
5018:Acidobacteriota
5006:
4989:Tectimicrobiota
4871:Deferrisomatota
4831:Bdellovibrionia
4826:Bacteriovoracia
4807:
4765:Dadaibacteriota
4687:
4679:
4674:Zixiibacteriota
4660:"Marinisomatia"
4614:"Stahlbacteria"
4587:"Glassbacteria"
4580:Gemmatimonadota
4489:"Cloacimonadia"
4454:Ignavibacteriia
4430:
4422:
4409:Kiritimatiellia
4399:"Uabimicrobiia"
4382:Planctomycetota
4362:
4354:
4303:bacteriobiontes
4302:
4296:
4279:"Saltatorellae"
4223:
4175:Elusimicrobiota
4118:
4110:
4098:"Ozemibacteria"
4081:Muiribacteriota
4042:
4010:Lithacetigenota
3999:Dictyoglomerota
3965:
3927:
3915:"Torokbacteria"
3909:"Paceibacteria"
3903:"Kazanbacteria"
3888:Gracilibacteria
3880:"Dojkabacteria"
3859:Patescibacteria
3852:"Elulimicrobia"
3828:
3746:"Sulfobacillia"
3685:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3664:"Saganbacteria"
3625:Cyanoprokaryota
3620:
3604:Eremiobacterota
3572:"Dormibacteria"
3567:Dormiibacterota
3543:Ktedonobacteria
3539:Dehalococcoidia
3515:Bipolaricaulota
3507:Thermoleophilia
3498:"Humimicrobiia"
3456:
3448:
3447:
3363:
3341:
3332:
3322:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3252:
3248:
3203:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3176:"Taxon History"
3174:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
2999:
2995:
2940:
2936:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2830:
2793:
2779:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2508:
2451:
2394:
2385:
2356:Dehalobacteriia
2249:
2240:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2127:Proteinivoracia
2084:
2043:
2034:
2022:Hydrogenisporia
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1915:Symbiobacteriia
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1764:
1739:
1730:
1706:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1417:
1408:
1362:
1353:
1303:
1229:
1220:
1209:Planctobacteria
1173:
1164:
1153:Acidobacteriota
1116:
1107:
1096:Elusimicrobiota
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
965:Symbiobacteriia
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
802:
790:Koleobacterales
722:
665:
603:
594:
585:
535:
467:16S rRNA based
457:(LPSN) and the
451:
435:Christensenella
311:
295:botulinum toxin
150:Koleobacterales
138:Halanaerobiales
98:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5385:
5372:
5362:
5349:
5336:
5323:
5310:
5297:
5284:
5271:
5258:
5248:
5233:
5217:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5094:Pseudomonadota
5091:
5090:
5089:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5033:Blastocatellia
5030:
5027:
5024:Acidobacteriia
5014:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4985:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:"Bradymonadia"
4939:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4926:"Moduliflexia"
4917:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4877:Deferrisomatia
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4817:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:"Dadabacteria"
4761:
4760:
4759:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4700:
4698:
4691:
4685:Proteobacteria
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4655:Marinisomatota
4651:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:"Hydrothermia"
4602:
4601:
4600:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:Gemmatimonadia
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4562:Fibrobacterota
4559:
4558:
4557:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:"Electryoneia"
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4508:"Cosmopolitia"
4499:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4484:Cloacimonadota
4480:
4479:
4478:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4460:
4459:"Kapabacteria"
4457:
4450:
4445:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:Planctomycetia
4392:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4336:"Brachyspirae"
4334:
4333:"Brevinematia"
4326:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4274:Saltatorellota
4270:
4267:Poribacteriota
4263:
4262:
4261:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4236:Abyssubacteria
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4179:Elusimicrobiia
4172:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4156:"Auribacteria"
4154:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4131:
4129:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:Fusobacteriota
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4003:Dictyoglomeria
3996:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:Katanobacteria
3894:
3891:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:Berkelbacteria
3871:
3868:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3799:"Thermincolia"
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3733:Natranaerobiia
3729:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3690:
3688:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3591:Fimbriimonadia
3589:
3588:Chthonomonadia
3586:
3583:
3578:Armatimonadota
3575:
3574:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3491:Coriobacteriia
3488:
3487:"Aquicultoria"
3485:
3480:
3478:Acidimicrobiia
3473:Actinomycetota
3469:
3467:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:Mesomycetozoea
3435:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3374:Diaphoretickes
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:classification
3321:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3280:External links
3278:
3275:
3274:
3246:
3217:(3): 371–379.
3194:
3167:
3140:
3113:
3089:
3068:
3047:
3020:
3001:J. P. Euzéby.
2993:
2934:
2883:
2876:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2792:
2787:
2783:gut microbiome
2778:
2775:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:" {DSM-12270}
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:Natranaerobiia
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:Dethiobacteria
2146:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1776:"Clostridiia"
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:Mycoplasmatota
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:Fusobacteriota
1639:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:Natranaerobiia
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:Dethiobacteria
1539:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:Actinomycetota
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
960:
955:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
935:
930:
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
889:
888:
885:
884:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
840:
835:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
818:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
799:
798:
795:
794:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
768:
763:
761:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
744:{"Moorellia"}
738:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
719:
718:
715:
714:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
662:
661:
658:
657:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
611:
609:
604:
600:
599:
596:
595:
591:
590:
587:
586:
582:
581:
578:
577:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
551:
546:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
532:
531:
528:
527:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
503:
498:
496:
491:
489:
483:
480:
479:
472:
450:
447:
443:bioremediation
427:
426:
414:
413:
412:
386:
379:
367:
355:
343:
331:
328:food poisoning
310:
307:
289:) produced by
217:
216:
215:
214:
208:
202:
196:
192:"Clostridiia"
187:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
175:Tissierellales
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
140:
135:
130:
123:
118:
108:
107:
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5439:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5165:
5164:Teskebacteria
5161:
5158:
5154:
5150:"Qinglongiia"
5149:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5118:
5115:
5114:Magnetococcia
5111:
5108:
5107:Mariprofundia
5104:
5101:
5100:Caulobacteria
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:"Canglongiia"
5075:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:Moduliflexota
4918:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4754:Chrysiogenota
4752:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4736:Desulfurellia
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:Hydrothermota
4603:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4573:
4571:Fibrobacteria
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:Electryoneota
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4473:Calditrichota
4471:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4416:
4414:
4413:Lentisphaeria
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:Phycisphaeria
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4348:
4344:
4342:"Leptospiria"
4341:
4339:"Exilispiria"
4338:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4329:Spirochaetota
4327:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4208:"Omnitrophia"
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:Endomicrobiia
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:Auribacterota
4145:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:Hydrobacteria
4113:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4062:Fusobacteriia
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:Fusobacterida
4049:
4037:"Thermotogia"
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:Caldisericota
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:Atribacterota
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:Synergistetes
3937:
3934:
3930:
3921:
3920:Wirthbacteria
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3822:
3821:Selenomonadia
3818:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3809:Halanaerobiia
3806:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3793:"Peptococcia"
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Cyanobacteria
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3585:Armatimonadia
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:"Caldilineia"
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:Chloroflexota
3524:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Rubrobacteria
3500:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Actinomycetia
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:BV1, BV3, BV5
3455:
3454:Terrabacteria
3451:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Stramenopiles
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3364:(major groups
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3199:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3099:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3057:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2897:PLOS Genetics
2894:
2887:
2879:
2877:0-9631172-1-1
2873:
2869:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:mental health
2815:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:Selenomonadia
2271:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Halanaerobiia
2065:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Sulfobacillia
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Acetocimmeria
1889:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Selenomonadia
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Halanaerobiia
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
983:
982:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
966:
959:
958:
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
942:
941:
934:
933:
927:
926:
923:
922:
914:
913:
905:
904:
896:
895:
887:
886:
878:
877:
869:
868:
865:
863:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
846:
839:
838:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
822:Zhaonellaceae
817:
816:
810:
809:
806:
805:
797:
796:
793:
791:
784:
783:
780:
779:
776:
774:
767:
766:
760:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
743:
737:
736:
730:
729:
726:
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711:
704:
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700:
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680:
679:
673:
672:
669:
668:
660:
659:
656:
654:
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
637:
636:Sulfobacillia
630:
629:
623:
622:
615:
614:
608:
607:
598:
597:
589:
588:
580:
579:
576:
574:
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566:
563:
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550:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
530:
529:
526:
524:
517:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
507:Dictyoglomota
502:
501:
495:
494:
487:
486:
482:
481:
477:
470:
465:
462:
460:
456:
446:
444:
439:
437:
436:
431:
430:Heliobacteria
424:
420:
419:
415:
410:
406:
403:
402:
400:
396:
392:
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387:
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384:
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368:
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332:
329:
325:
321:
320:
316:
315:
314:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:tetanospasmin
284:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
263:
262:Halanaerobium
258:
257:Gram-positive
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
225:are a highly
224:
209:
203:
197:
191:
190:
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185:
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176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
145:
141:
139:
136:
134:
133:Eubacteriales
131:
128:
124:
122:
121:Clostridiales
119:
116:
115:Borkfalkiales
112:
111:
109:
104:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5212:
5178:
5145:Qinglongiota
5071:Canglongiota
4960:Nitrospirota
4950:Nitrospinota
4902:"Lernaellia"
4758:Chrysiogenia
4599:"Heilongiia"
4503:Cosmopoliota
4477:Calditrichia
4466:Rhodothermia
4462:"Kryptoniia"
4438:Bacteroidota
4347:Spirochaetia
4291:"Sumerlaeia"
4203:Omnitrophota
4141:"Aerophobia"
4033:Thermotogota
3981:Caldisericia
3956:Synergistota
3950:Atribacteria
3932:Thermotogida
3763:Limnochordia
3757:Bacillota G
3743:Bacillota E
3725:Bacillota D
3711:
3707:Bacillota A
3597:"Zipacnadia"
3552:Deinococcota
3534:Chloroflexia
3423:Opisthokonta
3286:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3214:
3210:
3185:. Retrieved
3179:
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3152:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3125:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3030:"Clostridia"
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3003:"Clostridia"
2996:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2867:
2821:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2767:
2764:Epidemiology
2672:
2671:Clostridiia
2670:
2653:
2629:
2543:
2526:
2496:Thermincolia
2493:
2476:
2436:
2419:
2370:
2353:
2329:
2298:
2275:
2217:
2165:
2148:
2124:
2069:
2019:
2006:Limnochordia
2004:
1929:
1912:
1893:" {UBA3575}
1887:
1885:
1861:
1827:
1777:
1775:
1750:
1717:
1693:
1678:
1643:Fusobacteria
1641:
1558:
1541:
1517:
1493:
1469:
1444:Limnochordia
1442:
1393:
1380:
1338:
1324:Thermincolia
1321:
1288:
1273:
1206:
1191:
1151:
1134:
1094:
1077:
1057:Nitrospirota
1055:
979:
962:
938:
937:
859:
842:
820:
787:
770:
740:
707:
690:
650:
633:
570:
553:
520:
505:
452:
440:
433:
428:
416:
408:
407:(synonym of
404:
395:gas gangrene
388:
381:
369:
357:
345:
333:
317:
312:
299:C. botulinum
298:
297:produced by
290:
282:
273:
271:
267:monophyletic
260:
252:
234:
233:, including
227:polyphyletic
222:
220:
95:
49:
29:
5301:iNaturalist
5237:Wikispecies
5188:Wikispecies
5183:(2001–2012)
4964:Nitrospiria
4954:Nitrospinia
4932:Myxococcota
4897:Lernaellota
4836:Oligoflexia
4594:Heilongiota
4443:Bacteroidia
4386:"Brocadiia"
4370:Chlamydiota
4301:Spirochaeto
4286:Sumerlaeota
4136:Aerophobota
3970:Thermocalda
3960:Synergistia
3790:"Moorellia"
3712:Clostridiia
3558:Deinococcia
3325:Prokaryotes
3287:Clostridium
3106:20 November
3082:20 November
3061:20 November
2807:Clostridium
2771:debridement
2531:" {Z-2901}
2332:Peptococcia
1520:Peptococcia
742:Moorellales
283:Clostridium
278:saprophytic
274:Clostridium
247:. They are
243:by lacking
236:Clostridium
155:Moorellales
100:Rainey 2010
35:Clostridia
18:Clostridial
5417:Clostridia
5411:Categories
5345:clostridia
5243:Clostridia
5213:Clostridia
5045:Holophagia
4944:Polyangiia
4937:Myxococcia
4716:Aquificota
4697:Aquificida
4448:Chlorobiia
4375:Chlamydiia
4316:"Babeliae"
3678:Firmicutes
3612:"Xenobiia"
3263:(5): S40.
2850:References
2822:Clostridia
2801:causing a
2228:Mollicutes
1719:Mollicutes
1240:Firmicutes
253:Clostridia
223:Clostridia
96:Clostridia
5422:Bacillota
4849:"Binatia"
4720:Aquificia
4428:FCB group
4360:PVC group
3838:CPR group
3694:Bacillota
3418:Amoebozoa
3396:Alveolata
3384:Cryptista
3359:Eukaryota
3233:1365-2036
3056:"The LTP"
2970:1660-4601
2439:Moorellia
2222:" (incl.
1752:Bacilliia
478:08-RS214
471:_08_2023
449:Phylogeny
291:C. tetani
231:Bacillota
229:class of
86:Bacillota
5251:BioLib:
5222:Wikidata
5177:Source:
4844:Binatota
4311:Babelota
4120:BV2, BV4
3700:Bacillia
3413:Amorphea
3391:Rhizaria
3379:Hacrobia
3369:Excavata
3354:Bacteria
3329:Bacteria
3241:29226561
2988:25014248
2929:25393313
2828:See also
2220:Bacillia
1381:UBA4882
461:(NCBI).
364:botulism
324:gangrene
184:Synonyms
82:Phylum:
76:Bacteria
72:Domain:
5228:Q132809
4972:SAR324
4228:Clade 2
4128:Clade 1
3847:Elulota
3428:Animals
3349:Archaea
3040:20 June
3013:20 June
2979:4113856
2920:4230839
352:tetanus
309:Species
241:Bacilli
106:Orders
92:Class:
5394:565167
5365:NZOR:
5358:186801
5332:956143
5306:151985
5254:306863
5137:others
5011:others
3686:Low GC
3466:others
3406:Plants
3343:Domain
3239:
3231:
3187:10 May
3160:10 May
3133:10 May
3009:(LPSN)
2986:
2976:
2968:
2927:
2917:
2874:
940:Gelria
5389:WoRMS
5381:16698
5314:IRMNG
5267:8ZXTX
3433:Fungi
3101:(PDF)
1082:" ♦
259:(see
5353:NCBI
5340:LPSN
5327:ITIS
5319:1159
5288:GBIF
5280:7750
3864:ABY1
3237:PMID
3229:ISSN
3189:2023
3162:2023
3135:2023
3108:2023
3084:2023
3063:2023
3042:2022
3015:2022
2984:PMID
2966:ISSN
2925:PMID
2872:ISBN
2673:s.s.
2074:" ♦
1778:s.s.
1139:" ♦
967:" ♦
476:GTDB
432:and
293:and
276:are
221:The
5293:304
5275:EoL
5262:CoL
4689:BV2
3682:BV3
3265:doi
3261:152
3219:doi
2974:PMC
2956:doi
2915:PMC
2905:doi
2024:"
1888:Ca.
575:"
558:"
469:LTP
5413::
5391::
5378::
5355::
5342::
5329::
5316::
5303::
5290::
5277::
5264::
5239::
5224::
5147:"
5085:"
5073:"
4991:"
4923:"
4911:"
4899:"
4887:"
4873:"
4858:"
4846:"
4799:"
4767:"
4745:"
4707:"
4657:"
4635:"
4623:"
4608:"
4596:"
4553:"
4538:"
4505:"
4486:"
4313:"
4288:"
4276:"
4257:"
4245:"
4205:"
4150:"
4138:"
4095:"
4083:"
4071:"
4024:"
4012:"
3861:"
3849:"
3772:"
3655:"
3569:"
3517:"
3327::
3259:.
3235:.
3227:.
3215:47
3213:.
3209:.
3197:^
3178:.
3151:.
3124:.
3032:.
3005:.
2982:.
2972:.
2964:.
2952:11
2950:.
2946:.
2923:.
2913:.
2901:10
2899:.
2895:.
2858:^
2785:.
2658:"
2634:"
2548:"
2498:"
2441:"
2375:"
2358:"
2334:"
2303:"
2230:)
2226:,
2170:"
2153:"
2129:"
1934:"
1917:"
1866:"
1649:}
1563:"
1546:"
1522:"
1498:"
1474:"
1459:"
1398:"
1343:"
1326:"
1293:"
943:♦
864:"
847:"
792:"
775:"
712:"
695:"
655:"
638:"
525:"
445:.
401:)
397:,
326:,
305:.
5166:"
5162:"
5159:"
5155:"
5143:"
5116:"
5112:"
5109:"
5105:"
5102:"
5098:"
5081:"
5069:"
5054:"
5050:"
5047:"
5043:"
5026:"
5022:"
5003:"
4999:"
4987:"
4984:"
4980:"
4919:"
4907:"
4895:"
4883:"
4869:"
4854:"
4842:"
4795:"
4763:"
4741:"
4703:"
4676:"
4672:"
4669:"
4665:"
4653:"
4650:"
4646:"
4631:"
4619:"
4604:"
4592:"
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4534:"
4531:"
4527:"
4524:"
4520:"
4517:"
4513:"
4501:"
4498:"
4494:"
4482:"
4456:"
4452:"
4349:"
4345:"
4325:"
4321:"
4309:"
4284:"
4272:"
4269:"
4265:"
4253:"
4241:"
4238:"
4234:"
4220:"
4216:"
4201:"
4198:"
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4191:"
4187:"
4171:"
4167:"
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4134:"
4107:"
4103:"
4091:"
4079:"
4067:"
4020:"
4008:"
3922:"
3918:"
3900:"
3896:"
3890:"
3886:"
3877:"
3873:"
3857:"
3845:"
3823:"
3819:"
3811:"
3807:"
3768:"
3735:"
3731:"
3714:"
3710:"
3702:"
3698:"
3651:"
3646:"
3642:"
3606:"
3602:"
3565:"
3560:"
3556:"
3513:"
3440:)
3317:e
3310:t
3303:v
3271:.
3267::
3243:.
3221::
3191:.
3164:.
3137:.
3110:.
3086:.
3065:.
3044:.
3017:.
2990:.
2958::
2931:.
2907::
2880:.
2654:"
2630:"
2544:"
2527:"
2494:"
2477:"
2437:"
2420:"
2371:"
2354:"
2330:"
2299:"
2218:"
2166:"
2149:"
2125:"
2070:"
2020:"
1930:"
1913:"
1886:"
1862:"
1645:{
1559:"
1542:"
1518:"
1494:"
1470:"
1455:"
1394:"
1339:"
1322:"
1289:"
1238:"
1207:"
1135:"
1078:"
963:"
860:"
843:"
788:"
771:"
708:"
691:"
651:"
634:"
571:"
554:"
521:"
425:)
421:(
411:)
393:(
374:(
366:)
362:(
354:)
350:(
342:)
338:(
330:)
322:(
146:"
142:"
129:"
125:"
117:"
113:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
