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261:(or white clown) is the oldest of the clown archetypes. In modern times, when whitefaces perform with other clowns, they usually function as the leader of the group. Whiteface clowns use "clown white" makeup to cover their entire face and neck, with none of the underlying flesh colour showing. Features are then usually painted on in either red or black.
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The plot had young Humpty and his playmates turn into harlequinade characters and romp through a candy store, an enchanted garden and
Manhattan's costly new City Hall. Fox's mute passivity set him apart from the raucous clamor surrounding him, and audiences took the little man to their hearts. Humpty
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He had the most to do with the development of the pantomime character of Clown. Grimaldi used a substantial amount of colour to his mouth, cheeks, and eyebrows over his painted white face. The most striking aspect of his make-up was the large red triangles. His image was followed closely for the next
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Born in New York City, Dan Rice gained 19th century fame with many talents, most of which involved him clowning in circuses. In addition to his 'clowning' talents, he was an animal trainer, songwriter, commentator, political humorist, strong man, actor, director, producer, dancer, and politician. He
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Joe
Pentland was another popular early singing clown and one of the first to get top billing. He worked with Aron Turner's Circus, and then with Sands & Lent. He is one of those often credited with creating still another variation on the tailor's ride, called "The Drunken Sailor." Posing as a
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Expanding his horizons he went into producing his own shows and often had more than one tour going on at the same time. He wanted to move on from his circus clowning and reinvented himself as a gentleman. He started to take up politics and would often have
Democratic undertones in his shows. He was
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The
American circus term for a clown's act is "gag"; Europeans refer to it as an "entrée", and amateur clowns sometimes refer to it as a "skit" or "sketch". Gags are the clown's written and rehearsed performances. They can take place in the ring (a ring gag or production gag), on the track (a track
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The character clown makeup is a comic slant on the standard human face. Their makeup starts with a flesh tone base and may make use of anything from glasses, mustaches and beards to freckles, warts, big ears or strange haircuts. The most prevalent character clown in the
American circus is the tramp
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In strict classical
European circuses of the past, the augustes were never described as clowns because, technically, they were not instigators but recipients of the comic doings. The augustes are the ones who get the pies in the face, are squirted with water, are knocked down on their backside, sit
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The period an hour before showtime when the public is entering the arena before the circus begins. Elephant and camel rides are offered for a fee during come-in; butchers are selling their wares, and clowns are on the arena floor and in the seats. Some clowns specialized and only performed during
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He changed the circus into what it is today by mixing animals, acrobats and clowns. His first break came in 1841 when he got a job of presenting a pig named Sybil who could do many tricks including the ability to tell time. From there he moved on to singing and dancing and got caught up in the
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The base colour for the auguste makeup is red or flesh tone. The eyes and the mouth are encircled in white and the features are highlighted, again, traditionally in red and black. The auguste is usually costumed in baggy plaids accented with colourful polka dots or loud stripes. They boast
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He is considered by many to be the funniest man of his time. His white face character became an important part of popular
American imagery, being used in advertisements and children's books long after his death. He is considered an influence on early film comedians including
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Gags can use many different types of blow-off (ending), but some of the most popular are the confetti bucket, the long shirt, a trousers drop or the time-honoured "all clowns exit running" although contemporary indoor shows may end a clown gag with a simple blackout.
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in London, joined
Ricketts' company in the summer of 1795. He became particularly well known for his hit song, "Four and Twenty Periwigs." Later that fall, they were joined by the man recognized as the first "American-born" circus clown and professional dancer,
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A term also used in the carnival, meaning a novice performer in his first season on a show. Shows used to leave winter quarters for their opening spot on the first of May, and there are always some new workers hired on the first of May who have never worked shows
1086:, on March 8, 1916 in his room in New York City. Oakley had fallen for Viola Stoll, a young vaudeville actress, and remained infatuated even after she was arrested and incarcerated for stealing his late wife's jewelry. When he tried to have her paroled from
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However, the first
American clown to achieve genuine star status was a jockey, gambler and strong man who used to catch cannonballs on the back of his neck. He was born as Daniel McClaren, but he is better known by his mother's maiden name of Rice.
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The overall production that a clown is a part of, it may or may not include elements other than clowning, such as in a circus show. In a circus context, clown shows are typically made up of some combination of ring gags, track gags, walkarounds and
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Dumpty was revived several times. Fox eventually gave 1,128 performances in the title role, becoming the most highly paid actor of his time. He initiated the tradition of
Wednesday matinee's to take advantage of the show's appeal to children.
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John Bill Ricketts, an Englishman who brought the first modern circus to the United States, began his theatrical career with Hughes Royal Circus in London in the 1780s coming over from England in 1792 to establish his first circus in
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A person who has spent at least one full season with the circus, and whose response to the demands of life and work on the road are those of a seasoned veteran. Also used in vaudeville (and in theatre in general) to mean a veteran
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When working in a traditional trio situation, the character clown will play "contre-auguste" (a second, less wild auguste), siding with either the white or red clown. Sometimes they are more cunning and less dim than the auguste.
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He built a circus building in Philadelphia in the fall of 1792 in which he conducted a riding school. After training a group of Pennsylvania horses, he began on April 3, 1793, a series of exhibitions two and three times a week.
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While Dan Rice's talking and singing clown was taking America by storm, a new type of clown was emerging on the British pantomime stage, one that would have a more lasting influence on contemporary American circus clowning.
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Grimaldi was known as a master in the use of expressions of the body and face, unique sense of comic timing, imaginative byplay, and his overall comic abilities. He was famous and influential enough in his time to have had
1102:- American clown who found great success in Europe. Performed "Royal Command Performance" for the Queen at the Palladium in London. He also received the coveted Golden Clown award from Princess Grace (Grace Kelly) at the
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The band reserved this Sousa march as a signal that an emergency had come up calling for the clowns to come running out from the Alley directing public attention away from the emergency or for the audience to be
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A raucous acrobatic clown routine, typically done by a large group of clowns, consisting of a series of fast-paced acrobatic maneuvers and comedy jumps off of a mini trampoline, over a vaulting horse and into a
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The whiteface clown is traditionally costumed more extravagantly than the other two clown types. They often wear the ruffled collar and pointed hat which typify the average person's idea of a "clown suit".
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gag or a walkaround) or in the seats. They can be done solo, with the ringmaster, with other clowns or with audience volunteers. They have a beginning, middle and end, finishing with a "blow-off".
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then regarded as not only a multi-talented performer, but a smart and noble man who was to be looked up to. He won the affection of many newspapers and publicists including that of a then unknown
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clown in 18th-19th century England). Some sources say it only refers to an acrobatic clown, others say it is a non-circus term and was never used by professionals. The clown character used in
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He was removed from the stage during his last performance, and taken to an insane asylum where he died three years later, possibly as a result of poisoning from his lead-based white make-up.
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would all fit the definition of a character clown. (Note: Nowadays, the hobo or tramp clown is often considered a separate class and is treated as such in competitions at clown conventions.)
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A clown feature in which they stroll the hippodrome track performing very brief visual gags that can be easily picked up, moved and performed again for another section of the audience
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Slivers was supplanted as an American comedy icon. When other offers had dried up he tried to return to Ringling where he was offered only $ 75.00 a week to perform walkarounds.
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to the American stage. He transformed it into a distinctly American style of humor reflecting the events of his day and influenced circus clown well into the 20th century.
1352:- worked as both a circus clown and puppeteer before finding his calling as a cult filmmaker. Like Federico Fellini, he uses clowns and circus themes in some of his films.
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in 1881. Finally, circus pioneer Dan Castello, W. C. Coup's first partner, was not only a courageous owner and frontiersman, but also a renowned singing and riding clown.
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Absolute definitions of what constitutes each clown type varies, with performers encompassing an extremely wide range of styles, from the classical to the innovative.
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A costume made with a basket in the middle, looking as if the performer were riding a horse or other animal. Suspenders hold the costume around the performer's waist.
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A visual pun that is carried inside of a suitcase and used during walkarounds. The set-up is written on the front and the suitcase is opened to reveal the punchline.
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attended several performances of Ricketts's circus. Performances included not only equestrian exhibitions, but clowns and music and later rope walkers were added.
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game in which he played all the positions of both teams. Among his classic walkarounds was a gag in which he rode around the hippodrome track atop two giant
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951:. His character in this production was a distinctive American anti-hero and helped Humpty Dumpty become the most popular pantomime productions of the time.
1244:- Tony Award-winning, American-born mime and circus clown and theater director who has appeared on Broadway and with several prominent circuses including
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have gradually slipped into almost total historical obscurity; biographer David Carlyon (2001) called him "the most famous man you've never heard of".
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Frank Oakley, also known as Slivers (1871–1916) was the most popular circus clown of his generation. Born in Sweden, both of Oakley's parents were
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751:, reintroduced the circus clown to America in 1807 after a number of years in which no circuses are documented as performing in the United States.
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768:, and was greeted with various hoots and cheers. After several hilariously unsuccessful attempts, he stripped down to his
1358:- actor who often appeared in classic "hobo clown" costume and make-up. Once, when called upon to be a villain in a film (
1368:- a Dutch clown and acrobat duo that travelled around with a circus and subsequently made a TV show based around the act.
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His advertisements referred to the equestrian exhibition as Ricketts Circus. Probably because of his interest in horses,
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stories in wildly varied settings, always finding an excuse to transform them into the clown characters of traditional
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Today clowns are often called Joeys in honour of Joseph Grimaldi. (See above in "Circus clown lingo".)
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His shows became more famous than any of the other shows touring at the time including that of rival,
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adopts an eccentric character of some type, such as a butcher, a baker, a policeman, a housewife or
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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wide-collared shirts, long neckties, unruly coloured wigs and oversized noses and shoes.
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dancing master and pantomimist. Joseph's stage debut was at 3 years old in a dance at
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clown. Known as the "American Grimaldi", Fox introduced Joseph Grimaldi's violent
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There are traditionally three basic types of clowns that appear in the circus: the
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by Frank Foster and Willan G. Bosworth Publisher: Heath Cranston LTD London - 1937
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The slapstick form known as pantomime had been a Broadway staple since before the
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and at 16 he joined his first circus. His parents convinced him to enroll at the
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Here Come the Clowns: A Cavalcade of Comedy from Antiquity To the Present
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Non-circus term used to refer to clowns who specialize in hospital visits
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Notable examples of character clowns in the circus include, Dev Chaube,
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Format: Magazine. Publisher: Circus Plus Publications. ASIN: B00006KXUX
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978:. By far the most popular of these pantomimes was Fox's Humpty Dumpty.
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ring, but spent most of his life performing in full-length pantomimes.
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The clown who writes, directs and procures props and costumes for a gag
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may also refer to the specialized or gimmicked props clowns may use.
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Sr & Jr. - famous tramp clown entree with a breakaway bicycle
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Comedy act involving physical humor and exaggerated mock violence
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Notable examples of whiteface clowns in circus history include
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accidentally in wet paint, or have their trousers ripped off.
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1519:"François Fratellini | French circus performer | Britannica"
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Format: Magazine. Publisher: Graphics 2000. ASIN: B00006K8X5
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1445:. Publisher: Southern Illinois Univ Pr (Tx) - August, 2001.
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Notable examples of augustes in the circus history include
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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clowns. His father was Giuseppi Grimaldi (died 1788), an
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and are meant to amuse, entertain and make guests laugh.
1493:. Publisher: Facts on File, Incorporated - January 1993
856:" and "Dan Rice's Multifarious Account of Shakespeare's
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A later version of the act was wonderfully described by
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but two years later Oakley was back under the big top.
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1403:. Publisher: Little Brown & Co (T) - April, 1982.
1291:- American clown and comedian who has performed with
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With changes in circus and popular culture after the
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Contemporary American circus and circus-style clowns
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Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Clown College
1567:""Pagliacci": Classic tale of the tears of a clown"
1431:. Publisher: Reed Elsevier Incorporated - May 1999.
1235:" Gordon - "Le Clown Gordoon", star clown with the
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1469:Step Right Up!: The Adventure of Circus in America
1143:- master clown and longtime "boss clown" with the
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651:Joseph Grimaldi was one of the greatest English
459:Circus advertisement depicting a clown act, 1900
926:George Lafayette Fox was America's first great
1459:Publisher: Viking Press; 1st ed edition (1978)
1417:. Publisher: Sterling Pub Co Inc - May, 1981.
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1145:Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus
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1777:The World Festival of Clowns in Yekaterinburg
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1435:The Pickle Clowns: New American Circus Comedy
1020:. At the age of 14 he began to practice as a
490:The visual "punchline" of a clown gag or joke
131:The examples and perspective in this article
1479:. Publisher: Betterway Publications - 1990.
1104:International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo
1049:He went on to perform in other circuses, in
563:A mischievous whiteface clown (derived from
557:The oval area between the rings and audience
1053:and was featured (sometimes partnered with
852:, including that of "Dan Rice's Version of
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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897:. He was also one of the main models for "
1124:- an original founder and teacher in the
1090:by proposing marriage, she rejected him.
801:Tony Pastor, often called the "Father of
525:Name of a bi-weekly circus trade magazine
187:Learn how and when to remove this message
169:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Clown performing or appearing in a circus
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389:and wearing shabby, crumpled garments.
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1787:Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army
431:character in non-circus trios include
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941:In 1867, he created his masterpiece,
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510:A clown who works among the audience.
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1276:- husband and wife clown/comedy team
947:, giving over 1,000 performances on
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1543:"Felix Adler American Circus Clown"
1389:. Publisher: E P Dutton - 1976-11.
1211:Zig and Zag (Australian performers)
1094:Other famous American circus clowns
716:Matthew Sully, a prominent English
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575:shows is traditionally called Joey.
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1151:Famous international circus clowns
908:, his legendary talents under the
747:Jean Baptiste Casmiere Breschard,
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537:The clowns' dressing and prop area
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671:50 years by most British clowns.
34:This article has multiple issues.
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1485:by Tom Ogden Albert F. House.
1263:- longtime director of Ringling
1225:- "Grandma", star clown of the
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772:and rode with consummate skill.
742:Jean Baptiste Casmiere Breschard
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1772:Clowns of America International
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42:or discuss these issues on the
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1207:- Spanish Catalan circus clown
1165:- longtime performer with the
1057:) in the massive shows at the
834:President of the United States
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783:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
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1195:- clown from the Soviet Union
836:- dropping out of each race.
749:Circus of Pepin and Breschard
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1547:www.circusesandsideshows.com
1421:The Physical Comedy Handbook
214:. They typically perform at
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1314:Famous former circus clowns
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385:or hobo clown with a thick
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1423:by Davis Rider Robinson.
1407:Clown for Circus and Stage
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1189:- Russian clown and actor
605:Stars and Stripes Forever
1261:Steve "TJ Tatters" Smith
1201:- clown from Puerto Rico
1071:and the superstardom of
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1762:World Clown Association
1333:- writer, animator and
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283:'s famous tragic opera
2098:Cigar box manipulation
1409:by Mark Stolzenberg.
1274:Greg and Karen DeSanto
1267:, guest director with
1167:Blackpool Tower Circus
1026:University of Michigan
1009:Frank "Slivers" Oakley
726:Sadler's Wells Theatre
593:A large-scale ring gag
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331:Greg and Karen DeSanto
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86:by rewriting it in an
1604:Circus Clowns gallery
1395:by Bill Ballantine.
1337:artist; the original
679:write his biography.
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238:. A fourth type, the
203:A portrait of clowns
202:
1451:by Lowell Swortzell
1437:by Joel Schechter.
1381:by John H. Towsen.
1350:Alejandro Jodorowsky
1141:Glen "Frosty" Little
281:Ruggiero Leoncavallo
151:create a new article
143:improve this article
2180:Equestrian vaulting
1088:Bedford Reformatory
1067:With the coming of
1059:New York Hippodrome
1031:His first show was
850:William Shakespeare
840:popularity of the '
387:five-o'clock shadow
345:The character clown
270:François Fratellini
253:The whiteface clown
210:are a sub-genre of
1767:Clown Conservatory
1523:www.britannica.com
1471:by LaVahn G Hoh.
1366:Bassie and Adriaan
964:commedia dell'arte
844:song', singing in
687:John Bill Ricketts
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88:encyclopedic style
75:is written like a
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2240:Human firecracker
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1571:The Seattle Times
1298:Michael Halvarson
1176:Nicolai Poliakoff
706:George Washington
445:the Marx Brothers
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1227:Big Apple Circus
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1497:Circus Report
1495:
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1491:0-8160-2611-4
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1477:1-55870-140-0
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73:This article
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21:
20:
2228:Circus clown
2227:
2085:manipulation
2068:Trick riding
1991:Hand to hand
1956:Chinese pole
1828:Coulrophilia
1681:
1575:. Retrieved
1573:. 2008-01-06
1570:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1448:
1434:
1420:
1406:
1392:
1378:
1359:
1356:Emmett Kelly
1331:Pinto Colvig
1323:
1320:Tod Browning
1305:
1242:David Shiner
1187:Yuri Nikulin
1157:Thomas Barry
1131:Emmett Kelly
1084:asphyxiation
1077:
1066:
1063:
1048:
1037:
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1012:
1004:
984:
980:
960:Mother Goose
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884:
882:for a show.
873:
870:Walt Whitman
862:
838:
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758:
755:Joe Pentland
746:
715:
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699:
695:Philadelphia
691:
681:
673:
669:
650:
614:Suitcase gag
547:First of May
520:
507:Carpet clown
500:Caring clown
470:
465:
462:
428:
426:
406:David Shiner
395:
391:
383:
371:Harold Lloyd
363:Emmett Kelly
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37:
36:Please help
33:
2306:Flea circus
2260:Target girl
2216:Lion taming
2190:Teeterboard
2155:Firewalking
2150:Fire eating
2041:Spanish web
2031:Slacklining
2021:Russian bar
1971:Corde lisse
1961:Cloud swing
1936:Aerial silk
1931:Aerial hoop
1921:Acrobalance
1803:Clown alley
1732:Silly Billy
1727:Scaramouche
1393:Clown Alley
1360:The Fat Man
1304:production
1280:John Gilkey
1223:Barry Lubin
1116:Joe Jackson
1100:George Carl
796:Tony Pastor
731:John Durang
627:Walkarounds
567:, a famous
534:Clown alley
410:Geoff Hoyle
398:Barry Lubin
367:Red Skelton
365:. On film,
301:The auguste
274:Felix Adler
2351:Categories
2291:Roustabout
2250:Ringmaster
2195:Trampoline
1966:Contortion
1913:contortion
1903:Acrobatics
1818:Clown Care
1577:2023-05-15
1552:2023-05-15
1528:2023-05-15
1373:References
1335:voice-over
1289:Eric Davis
1193:Oleg Popov
1122:Lou Jacobs
1051:vaudeville
998:, and the
866:Mark Twain
803:Vaudeville
778:Mark Twain
640:Historical
624:performer.
611:evacuated.
493:Boss clown
441:Chico Marx
433:Larry Fine
422:Bello Nock
418:Oleg Popov
402:Bill Irwin
327:Lou Jacobs
311:red clown.
244:hobo clown
39:improve it
2255:Strongman
2245:Puppeteer
2046:Tightrope
2036:Slackwire
1986:Hair hang
1981:Cyr wheel
1813:Clown car
1737:Skomorokh
1692:Harlequin
1667:Blackface
1503:Spectacle
972:Columbina
968:Harlequin
956:Civil War
932:slapstick
928:whiteface
906:Civil War
899:Uncle Sam
846:blackface
788:Hanneford
718:Harlequin
653:pantomime
569:pantomime
513:Charivari
291:sad clown
286:Pagliacci
259:whiteface
236:character
228:whiteface
147:talk page
96:July 2021
45:talk page
2326:Category
2301:Sideshow
2172:Vaulting
2118:Twirling
2093:Bullwhip
2078:Juggling
1852:Category
1044:lobsters
1040:baseball
949:Broadway
880:Hannibal
830:Congress
824:ran for
814:Dan Rice
807:New York
770:leotards
760:drunken
544:come-in.
487:Blow off
234:and the
216:circuses
141:You may
2336:Commons
2296:Showman
2274:Related
2108:Diabolo
2051:Trapeze
1908:balance
1796:Related
1712:Pierrot
1672:Bouffon
1653:jesters
1233:Gordoon
1080:suicide
1018:singers
1015:concert
976:ballets
910:big top
854:Othello
790:family.
735:acrobat
722:tumbler
657:Italian
620:Trouper
600:chases.
540:Come in
307:auguste
232:auguste
82:Please
2362:Clowns
2083:object
2061:Static
2056:Flying
2006:Risley
1976:Cradle
1926:Adagio
1833:Motley
1717:Pueblo
1702:Jester
1697:Heyoka
1682:Circus
1640:Clowns
1489:
1475:
1455:
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