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The
Circuit Court is so-called because of the circuits on which its judges travel, namely Dublin, Cork, Northern, Western, Eastern, South Western, South Eastern, and Midland, each of which are composed of a number of counties. The court consist of a President and thirty-seven judges. Although there
342:
After that, the circuits of
England remained largely static for almost four centuries, until they were again reorganized during the 19th century. Twice each year, judges "literally rode each circuit," meaning that a pair of common law judges assigned to a circuit rode on horseback through all the
104:
recognized that the eyre's "connection with later circuit justices is rather collateral than lineal", and the eyre was merely one of a number of experiments in "systematized itinerant justice" undertaken by the
English crown during the late 12th century and the 13th century.
576:, are spread across many courthouses. Since three-judge federal appellate panels are randomly selected from all sitting circuit judges, Ninth Circuit judges must often "ride the circuit," though this duty has become much easier to carry out since the development of modern
633:
from specific circuits and can unilaterally decide them or refer them to the entire court. The court's customary summer recess originated as the time during which the justices would leave
Washington and ride circuit (since dirt roads were more passable in the summer).
415:
Until 2007 for court administration purposes it formed part of the Wales and
Chester Circuit. When in 2007 it became part of the Northern Circuit for court administrative purposes post devolution, the "Wales and Chester Circuit" continued to be the Circuit Bar.
505:
Map of the geographic boundaries of the circuit courts, the appeal courts directly under the
Supreme Court. Cases appeal from a District Court to an Appeals Court located within a specific circuit. From there, cases may appeal to the Supreme
412:. The membership consists of High Court Judges, Circuit Judges, District Judges, law practitioners and academic lawyers. The Circuits also form the basis for administration of the Bar in England and Wales except for Cheshire.
378:
Most of these local judicial circuits (that is, in terms of the actual routes travelled by judges) have been thus replaced by judges regularly stationed at local courthouses, but in many areas, the legacy term remains in use.
608:
of "riding circuit" and personally hearing both appeals and trials in the circuit courts, in addition to their caseload back in the capital. This duty was reasonable when the United States consisted of the original
557:). There are several other federal courts that bear the phrase "Court of Appeals" in their names, but they are not Article III courts and are not considered to sit in appellate circuits.
550:
465:. These are heard by a judge sitting alone. It also has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the District Court. Appeals from the court lie to the High Court on the civil side and the
778:
760:
688:
814:
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554:
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335:(which was never part of the circuits), and Oxfordshire and Berkshire were transferred from the Western Circuit to the Oxford Circuit. The Welsh county of
573:
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605:
401:
England and Wales is divided into six circuits for the purposes of the administration of justice: the
Midland Circuit, North Eastern Circuit,
987:
1041:
375:
would be used. Eventually, the legal caseload in a county would become great enough to warrant the establishment of a local judiciary.
618:
534:. They existed until 1912. The original jurisdiction formerly exercised by the United States circuit courts is now exercised by the
1268:
629:. The U.S. Supreme Court justices still retain vestiges of the days of riding circuit; each justice is designated to hear certain
523:
1253:
1236:
473:
is strictly speaking just one
Circuit Court, a sitting of the Circuit Court in any particular location is referred to as
368:
331:
During the 1500s, two major changes occurred. Middlesex was removed from the Home
Circuit and grouped with the adjacent
930:
at multiple locations throughout their jurisdictions each year. Among the states with circuit-riding supreme courts are
885:
597:
466:
1215:
1188:
1154:
1124:
1097:
1067:
129:
into six circuits where assizes were supposed to be held thrice yearly (but were more often held twice each year).
831:
614:
539:
93:
915:, and jurisdiction is based on the size or type of a civil claim or the severity or type of a criminal charge.
388:
17:
751:
861:
796:
535:
519:
126:
73:
whose judges periodically travelled on pre-set paths - or circuits - to hear cases from different areas.
549:
The federal courts of appeals sit permanently in 13 appellate circuits (11 regional circuits as well as a
1310:
912:
706:
647:
515:
45:', i.e., judges move around a region or country to different towns or cities where they will hear cases;
454:
511:
125:, two statutes were enacted in 1328 and 1330 which restored the assize circuits and reorganized the
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870:
442:
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The first formal circuits were defined in 1293, when a statute was enacted which established four
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428:
113:
The development of the assize circuits was interrupted in 1305 by the appointment of justices of
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The federal courts of appeals are intermediate courts, between the district courts (the federal
896:
823:
805:
697:
670:
622:
531:
484:
rather than a circuit court. In this case, "on circuit" means sitting in a location other than
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and recorder's courts on the criminal side, as well as some of the jurisdiction of the
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402:
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911:, family, or drug court. Each division hears cases within its particular area of
881:
827:
419:
The
Circuit Bars are represented on the Bar Council through the Circuit Leaders.
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360:
243:
225:
217:
191:
70:
903:). Each circuit court can have several divisions, including circuit, associate,
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843:
792:
364:
332:
277:
259:
221:
183:
1299:
1030:
975:
927:
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405:, South Eastern Circuit, Western Circuit, and the Wales and Chester Circuit.
336:
255:
247:
153:
1045:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 387–389.
572:, are based at a single federal courthouse, while others, such as the large
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904:
801:
213:
203:
187:
480:
The High Court also sits "on circuit" twice yearly, though this is called
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114:
935:
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34:
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and original jurisdiction over major civil cases and all the county's
397:
Map of the geographic boundaries of the circuits of England and Wales.
359:, a judge often travelled on horseback along with a group of lawyers.
996:
are known as circuit courts, sometimes referred to as "bush courts".
951:
877:
866:
851:
810:
617:, but became increasingly onerous and impractical with the country's
323:
311:
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285:
161:
55:
A higher-level trial court, e.g., for felony or indictment offences.
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819:
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747:
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711:
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510:
In the United States, circuit courts were first established in the
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and several other important towns in each circuit and heard cases.
319:
299:
1270:
Specialist courts for sentencing Aboriginal offenders in Australia
1005:
908:
720:
693:
666:
593:
233:
229:
199:
82:
1210:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 1–3.
978:, travel as circuit courts to hear cases in remote communities.
1207:
Lincoln's Ladder to the Presidency: The Eighth Judicial Circuit
943:
839:
783:
702:
485:
307:
169:
165:
69:
The term "circuit court" is derived from the English custom of
52:, i.e., an administrative division of a country's judiciary; or
1034:
926:
that traditionally "ride the circuit" in the sense of hearing
393:
939:
303:
149:
88:
It was long assumed that these circuits originated with the
157:
919:, for example, hears only drug-related criminal cases.
564:) and the Supreme Court. Smaller circuits, such as the
538:. Their appellate jurisdiction is now exercised by the
100:, but during the late 1950s, legal historians such as
1183:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
1149:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
1119:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 18.
1092:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
1062:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 17.
583:
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and replaced the County Court on the civil side, and
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132:By 1337, the six assize circuits had stabilized:
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830:that has appellate jurisdiction over a county's
339:was also transferred into the Oxford Circuit.
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1133:
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1076:
1049:
895:, a judicial circuit can encompass one or more
842:cases. A circuit court has the power to issue
1224:
988:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
966:Courts serving certain areas particularly in
888:. There are five separate judicial circuits.
621:during the 19th century, and was repealed by
546:from their establishment in 1894 until 1947.
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350:
1176:
1142:
1112:
1085:
1055:
1029:
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477:Circuit Court, e.g. Trim Circuit Court.
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1266:
1243:by the Bar Council of England and Wales
1180:A History of English Assizes, 1558-1714
1146:A History of English Assizes, 1558-1714
1116:A History of English Assizes, 1558-1714
1089:A History of English Assizes, 1558-1714
1059:A History of English Assizes, 1558-1714
544:United States circuit courts of appeals
14:
1298:
1203:
526:. These circuit courts exercised both
422:
367:in Illinois, along with Circuit Judge
1197:
850:. The court's decisions become legal
836:juvenile and domestic relations court
382:
363:was one such attorney who regularly
64:
992:Courts serving remote areas in the
24:
886:Louisiana Circuit Courts of Appeal
650:called "circuit courts." Most are
598:Supreme Court of the United States
584:Supreme Court of the United States
449:. It was first established as the
25:
1322:
437:the Circuit Court is part of the
491:
76:
37:jurisdictions. It may refer to:
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615:East Coast of the United States
540:United States courts of appeals
27:Type of court in many countries
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1023:
408:The system is overseen by the
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13:
1:
1016:
536:United States district courts
389:Circuits of England and Wales
33:are court systems in several
981:
974:and courts serving northern
862:West Virginia Circuit Courts
797:South Carolina Circuit Court
779:New Hampshire Circuit Courts
520:United States federal courts
516:United States circuit courts
7:
999:
913:subject-matter jurisdiction
806:South Dakota Circuit Courts
707:Hawaii State Circuit Courts
371:. In more settled areas, a
41:Courts that literally sit '
10:
1327:
985:
761:Mississippi Circuit Courts
689:Connecticut Circuit Courts
542:, which were known as the
455:Courts of Justice Act 1924
426:
386:
59:
961:
922:Several U.S. states have
625:with the enacting of the
592:and subsequent acts, the
524:federal judicial district
512:Thirteen British Colonies
497:Federal courts of appeals
482:the High Court on Circuit
48:Courts that sit within a
972:Nunavut Court of Justice
891:In many states, such as
871:Wisconsin circuit courts
815:Tennessee Circuit Courts
619:rapid westward expansion
467:Court of Criminal Appeal
451:Circuit Court of Justice
439:Courts of First Instance
1204:Fraker, Guy C. (2011).
1177:Cockburn, J.S. (1972).
1143:Cockburn, J.S. (1972).
1113:Cockburn, J.S. (1972).
1086:Cockburn, J.S. (1972).
1056:Cockburn, J.S. (1972).
1042:Encyclopædia Britannica
901:Missouri Circuit Courts
770:Missouri Circuit Courts
752:Michigan Circuit Courts
743:Maryland Circuit Courts
734:Kentucky Circuit Courts
716:Illinois circuit courts
680:Arkansas Circuit Courts
429:Circuit Court (Ireland)
351:Origin in North America
1267:Bennett, Paul (2013).
832:general district court
824:Virginia Circuit Court
725:Indiana Circuit Courts
698:Florida circuit courts
671:Alabama Circuit Courts
532:appellate jurisdiction
507:
469:on the criminal side.
398:
1254:"Court Website Links"
788:Oregon circuit courts
660:original jurisdiction
631:interlocutory appeals
627:Judiciary Act of 1891
590:Judiciary Act of 1789
530:(first instance) and
504:
396:
924:state supreme courts
522:established in each
447:High Court (Ireland)
96:during the reign of
1278:Flinders University
880:, the intermediate
588:Under the original
435:Republic of Ireland
423:Republic of Ireland
127:counties of England
1311:Judicial districts
1276:(Master of Laws).
1239:2007-06-29 at the
994:Northern Territory
508:
445:but junior to the
399:
611:Thirteen Colonies
383:England and Wales
357:American frontier
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65:Origin in England
16:(Redirected from
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882:appellate courts
602:Washington, D.C.
459:quarter sessions
441:, senior to the
403:Northern Circuit
365:rode the circuit
196:Northamptonshire
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71:itinerant courts
50:judicial circuit
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968:Northern Canada
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884:are called the
844:death sentences
828:court of record
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555:Federal Circuit
514:. In 1789, the
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431:
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410:Lord Chancellor
391:
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361:Abraham Lincoln
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244:Gloucestershire
226:Huntingdonshire
218:Buckinghamshire
192:Nottinghamshire
123:King Edward III
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67:
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1306:Courts by type
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1033:, ed. (1911).
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606:responsibility
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443:District Court
427:Main article:
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387:Main article:
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333:City of London
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278:Northumberland
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184:Leicestershire
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858:West Virginia
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775:New Hampshire
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337:Monmouthshire
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77:Establishment
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18:Circuit Court
1282:. Retrieved
1280:. p. xv
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948:Pennsylvania
921:
905:small claims
890:
875:
848:grand juries
846:and impanel
802:South Dakota
652:trial courts
648:state courts
641:
638:State courts
587:
562:trial courts
559:
548:
543:
509:
481:
479:
475:name of town
474:
471:
450:
438:
432:
418:
414:
407:
400:
377:
354:
345:county towns
341:
330:
214:Bedfordshire
204:Warwickshire
188:Lincolnshire
131:
112:
94:common pleas
87:
80:
68:
49:
42:
30:
29:
757:Mississippi
685:Connecticut
644:U.S. states
369:David Davis
316:Oxfordshire
282:Westmorland
115:trailbaston
109:Development
85:circuits.
1300:Categories
1017:References
986:See also:
956:Washington
936:California
917:Drug court
852:precedents
613:along the
578:air travel
551:DC Circuit
453:under the
373:stagecoach
274:Lancashire
270:Cumberland
252:Shropshire
180:Derbyshire
102:Ralph Pugh
43:on circuit
35:common law
982:Australia
952:Tennessee
878:Louisiana
867:Wisconsin
811:Tennessee
324:Wiltshire
312:Hampshire
296:Berkshire
286:Yorkshire
162:Middlesex
141:Counties
1237:Archived
1234:Circuits
1000:See also
897:counties
893:Missouri
820:Virginia
766:Missouri
748:Michigan
739:Maryland
730:Kentucky
712:Illinois
676:Arkansas
623:Congress
604:had the
594:justices
553:and the
528:original
320:Somerset
300:Cornwall
266:Northern
138:Circuit
121:. Under
98:Henry II
1284:25 July
1006:Assizes
909:probate
721:Indiana
694:Florida
667:Alabama
656:general
596:of the
463:assizes
433:In the
355:On the
292:Western
234:Suffolk
230:Norfolk
210:Norfolk
200:Rutland
176:Midland
60:History
1214:
1187:
1153:
1123:
1096:
1066:
976:Quebec
962:Canada
954:, and
944:Oregon
932:Alaska
840:felony
784:Oregon
703:Hawaii
506:Court.
486:Dublin
308:Dorset
240:Oxford
170:Sussex
166:Surrey
83:assize
1274:(PDF)
940:Idaho
899:(see
646:have
642:Many
518:were
304:Devon
150:Essex
1286:2022
1212:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1064:ISBN
834:and
568:and
158:Kent
146:Home
90:eyre
876:In
654:of
600:in
117:by
92:in
1302::
1226:^
1165:^
1135:^
1078:^
1039:.
958:.
950:,
946:,
942:,
938:,
934:,
907:,
869:–
860:–
826:–
822:–
813:–
804:–
795:–
786:–
777:–
768:–
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741:–
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696:–
687:–
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669:–
662:.
658:,
580:.
488:.
322:,
318:,
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168:,
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1288:.
1256:.
1220:.
1193:.
1159:.
1129:.
1102:.
1072:.
854:.
20:)
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