542:, and architect of the cathedral. According to W.A.P. Martin, "the defence of that cathedral forms the most brilliant page in the history of the siege." Favier's "successful defense of Peking's Peitang Cathedral was nothing short of a Christian miracle." According to Martin, "The new, or northern, church, standing in an open ground by itself, was considered capable of defence. Monsignor Favier bravely resolved to hold it at all hazards, and thus preserve the lives of three thousand converts who had there taken refuge." As the cathedral was located inside the
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children. Four hundred were buried, of whom forty were killed by bullets, twenty-five by one explosion, eighty-one by another and one by another. Of the rest, some died of disease but the greater part of starvation. Twenty-one children were buried at one time in one grave. Beside these 400 who were killed or who died, many more were blown to pieces in explosions so that nothing could be found to bury. Fifty-one children disappeared in this way and not a fragment remained.
560:
which was defended by only forty-one French and
Italian marines, led by two French officers. Believing the church would be attacked by the Boxers, from mid-May Favier was able to collect huge stores of food, weapons and ammunition, but the large numbers of refugees necessitated severe rationing until the siege was lifted on 16 August 1900 by the Japanese military. During his trip to China in the summer of 1901, the missionary statesman
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598:
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that between 15,000 and 20,000 members of his flock were killed and that three-quarters of the chapels were destroyed. During the siege, more than 3,900 people (including about one hundred
Europeans, primarily women and children, and 850 orphans) sought sanctuary within the stone walls of the church,
550:
Not until the siege was raised, however, had we any conception of the severity of the conflict that devoted band had to wage in order to keep the enemy at bay; for from us, though separated only by an interval of two miles in a direct line, they were cut off from communication as completely as if
453:
In the middle of the Qing dynasty, anti-Catholic forces in
Chinese society and the Catholic Church constantly clashed. By the year 1827, the Qing government seized the North Church, and confiscated all the property. Only after the Second Opium War, did the Qing government return the land to the
568:
I called on the famous Bishop. He was, for he has since died, a burly, heavily-bearded
Frenchman of about sixty-five apparently. He received us most cordially and readily talked of the siege. He said that of the eighty Europeans and 3,400 Christians with him in the siege, 2,700 were women and
510:, the Roman Catholic Church's Beijing Northern Church (known as the Peitang, and later Beitang) was under siege by an estimated ten thousand Boxers from 14 June 1900 until 16 August 1900. In addition to Boxers, the cathedral was also attacked by Metropolitan Banner
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450:. The emperor also hand-wrote the calligraphy plaque and couplets for the building. It was named "Saviour Church" and officially opened on 9 February 1703.
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The
Eastern and Southern churches were heavily damaged, as were all other Roman Catholic properties in Beijing. Favier estimated that during the
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near the western Gate, about three kilometres (2 miles) from the
Legation Quarter, it was isolated from the foreign Legations. Martin explains:
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Catholic Church. Bishop Meng
Zhensheng rebuilt the establishment into a tall Gothic building at the original site of the North Church in 1864.
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477:(1837–1905), who designed it. The church stands in a spacious grounds surrounded by pine and oak trees and two Chinese pavilions.
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853:·義和拳》：「大學士啟秀獻策于端王、莊王曰：『此等義和拳，道術尚淺。五臺山有老和尚，其道最深，宜飛檄請之。』乃專騎馳請，十日而至。啟秀在軍機處賀曰：『明日太平矣。』人問其故，曰：『五臺山大和尚至矣。教堂一毀，則天下大定。』聞者為之匿笑。」
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870:》：「尚書啟秀奏言，使臣不除，必為後患，五臺僧普濟，有神兵十萬，請召之會殲逆夷。曾廉、王龍文，請用決水灌城之法，引玉泉山水灌使館，必盡淹斃之。御史彭述，謂義和拳咒炮不燃，其術至神，無畏夷兵。太后亦欲用山東僧普法、余蠻子、周漢三人者。」
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Manchus and Han: Ethnic
Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928
564:(1856–1963) interviewed Favier, who gave detailed description of the damage inflicted during the siege:
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to the
Jesuits in 1694, following his recovery from illness thanks to medical expertise of Fathers
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In 1887 the Gothic building was moved and rebuilt at its current location, at the request of the
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Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en
Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIIe siècle
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810:. Studies on Ethnic Groups in China. University of Washington Press. p. 72.
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style and elaborate grey marble facade was built in 1890, under the direction of
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W.A.P. Martin, "A Western Account of the Boxer Rebellion at Peking," from
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After the recent renovation, regarded by many as a classic example of '
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883:》：「尚書啟秀函請五臺山普淨，來京攻西什庫教堂。僧言關聖降神附其身，攜青龍刀一柄、《春秋》一部，騎赤兔馬往攻，入陣便中炮亡，惟馬逃歸。」
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The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia
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to create the Zhongnanhai Park. The cathedral's present cast iron
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498:', the church once again became the Cathedral church of Beijing.
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also led attacks against the cathedral. Its defence was led by
434:(opposite the former Beijing Library), on land bestowed by the
964:"Beijing (Peking) Legations, China, Siege (1900)", 48–52, in
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830:
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Beijing
491:. It was the seat of the Bishop of Beijing until 1958.
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led attacks against the church. Manchu official Qixiu
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968:, ed. Benjamin R. Beede. Taylor & Francis, 1994.
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France-Chine : Quand deux mondes se rencontrent
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The church was originally established by the French
750:"An Organ Recital Program Played in War-Torn China"
1040:, Les Presses de l'Université Laval, L'Harmattan,
1024:, 2nd ed. 1904, 199.; (accessed 11 January 2009).
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1014:New Forces in Old China: An Inevitable Awakening
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661:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Beijing
502:The siege of Beitang (14 June – 16 August 1900)
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540:Roman Catholic Church's North Chihli Province
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1611:Buildings and structures in Xicheng District
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899:The Siege in Peking, China against the World
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673:Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Beijing
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551:they had been situated at the north pole.
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578:The church can be reached from exit D of
461:, who needed the original space near the
406:; 'North Church'), is a historic
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901:(New York, F. H. Revell Company, 1900);
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765:(2): 1. January 1, 1939. Archived from
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978:Annals of the Propagation of the Faith
946:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
903:http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/bxr2.html
835:. Charles Scribner's sons. p. 24.
803:
1066:
656:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing
480:The interior is decorated in 1909 by
1255:Belvedere of Spreading Righteousness
586:. It is situated on Xishiku Street.
1393:Xiannongtan (Temple of Agriculture)
1323:Taimiao (Imperial Ancestral Temple)
831:Arnold Henry Savage Landor (1901).
794:, (Hong Kong University Press):143.
13:
1601:Roman Catholic churches in Beijing
1596:Roman Catholic cathedrals in China
1245:Belvedere of Embodying Benevolence
1058:XiShiKu Cathedral: An Introduction
792:The Search for a Vanishing Beijing
489:Patriotic Catholic Church of China
487:The church is affiliated with the
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707:. Paris: Gallimard. p. 12.
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833:China and the allies, Volume 1
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154:Alphonse Frédéric De Moerloose
40:Church of the Saviour, Beijing
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1285:Palace of Earthly Tranquility
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804:Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2017).
679:St. Michael's Church, Beijing
1571:1703 establishments in China
667:Church of St Joseph, Beijing
584:Line 4 of the Beijing subway
532:Pierre-Marie-Alphonse Favier
475:Pierre-Marie-Alphonse Favier
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1343:Beijing Ancient Observatory
952:(accessed 11 January 2009).
912:(accessed 12 January 2009).
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627:Defenders of Beitang (1900)
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430:and completed in 1703 near
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1250:Hall of Central Harmony
1240:Hall of Supreme Harmony
1230:Gate of Supreme Harmony
727:Xishiku Catholic Church
444:Jean-François Gerbillon
225:Simplified Chinese
1444:Temple of Azure Clouds
991:Modern Chinese Warfare
703:Muriel Détrie (2004).
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544:Imperial City, Beijing
524:Tiger and Divine Corps
68:39.92389°N 116.37250°E
1586:Cathedrals in Beijing
1011:Arthur Judson Brown,
651:Jesuit China missions
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514:. Qing Manchu Prince
378:), also known as the
368:Church of the Saviour
261:Xīshénkù Tiānzhǔ Táng
22:Church of the Saviour
1545:St. Michael's Church
1518:Mosques and churches
1290:Gate of Divine Might
1137:Bell and Drum towers
772:on November 17, 2022
685:List of Jesuit sites
467:Gothic architectural
1576:Churches in Beijing
1525:Xuanwumen Cathedral
1402:Temples and gardens
1301:temples and offices
1094:Old city of Beijing
1036:Li, Shenwen, 2001,
562:Arthur Judson Brown
392:traditional Chinese
308:The North Cathedral
73:39.92389; 116.37250
64: /
1424:White Cloud Temple
1388:Temple of the Moon
1020:2011-10-27 at the
908:2009-02-18 at the
639:Mgr Favier in 1900
473:missionary Bishop
384:simplified Chinese
129:Christ the Saviour
1558:
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1540:Wangfujing Church
1383:Temple of the Sun
1353:Old Summer Palace
1299:Imperial gardens,
717:Shenwen Li, p.235
681:(Donjiaomingtang)
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1504:Yunju Temple
1489:Fahai Temple
1202:Zhengyangmen
1101:Subdivisions
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980:LXIV: 18,19.
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931:. Retrieved
927:the original
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776:November 17,
774:. Retrieved
767:the original
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758:The Diapason
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580:Xisi Station
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496:wreckovation
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440:Qing dynasty
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367:
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330:Hanyu Pinyin
255:Hanyu Pinyin
149:Architect(s)
135:Architecture
107:Denomination
1469:Wofo Temple
1348:Beijing Zoo
1318:Zhongnanhai
1313:Beihai Park
1207:Zhonghuamen
1197:Yongdingmen
1177:Guang'anmen
1147:Chongwenmen
1142:Chaoyangmen
518:'s Manchu
506:During the
432:Zhongnanhai
186:Archdiocese
71: /
59:116°22′21″E
1565:Categories
1172:Fuchengmen
1167:Deshengmen
1157:Dongzhimen
1125:and towers
1031:References
1002:Ruoff, 48.
993:, 126–128.
933:2009-01-12
669:(Dongtang)
344:Wade–Giles
269:Wade–Giles
166:Neo-Gothic
124:Dedication
56:39°55′26″N
1409:Shichahai
1338:Guozijian
1192:Xuanwumen
1182:Tiananmen
1132:Andingmen
989:Elleman,
663:(Nantang)
520:bannermen
418:, China.
172:Completed
1187:Xizhimen
1152:Di'anmen
1018:Archived
942:cite web
906:Archived
675:(Xitang)
645:See also
574:Location
471:Lazarist
408:Catholic
112:Catholic
84:Location
1449:Badachu
1162:Duanmen
590:Gallery
538:of the
522:in the
512:Manchus
438:of the
428:Jesuits
422:History
416:Beijing
400:Beitang
372:Chinese
350:Pěitáng
336:Běitáng
292:Chinese
191:Beijing
118:History
98:Country
92:Beijing
1044:
851:諫書稀庵筆記
814:
396:西什庫天主堂
394::
388:西什库天主堂
386::
374::
143:Active
879:清·高樹《
868:庚子國變記
770:(PDF)
753:(PDF)
691:Notes
516:Zaiyi
398:) or
161:Style
101:China
1042:ISBN
948:link
881:金鑾瑣記
812:ISBN
778:2022
446:and
376:救世主堂
366:The
231:救世主堂
217:救世主堂
175:1703
28:救世主堂
864:李希聖
847:陳恆慶
582:on
1567::
957:^
944:}}
940:{{
888:^
862:清·
845:清·
763:30
761:.
755:.
528:啟秀
414:,
404:北堂
390:;
298:北堂
90:,
1086:e
1079:t
1072:v
950:)
936:.
866:《
849:《
820:.
780:.
402:(
382:(
370:(
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