28:
1351:
March 14: Eunice
Chapman is finally granted relief from her marriage and given custody of her children. The law also grants a spouse of either gender whose partner has joined the Shakers the right to request custody of any underage children. The Shakers are also prohibited from transporting children
2165:
Emma King of
Canterbury Shaker Village and Gertrude Soule of Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village decide to close the Society to new members. This begins a rift within the current membership as not all agree with this decision. The impetus for closure, and the ensuing feud is possibly in part due to the
1340:
A non-violent "Shaker slave revolt" occurs at South Union, Kentucky. Although the
Shakers hold to equality and egalitarianism as an ideal, and numerous enslaved peoples were liberated once their legal owners joined South Union or other Shaker villages, many black members of South Union were still
1513:, the earthquake-induced floods and resulting fevers, and the War of 1812. It is the first major Shaker community to permanently disband, and the only major community to do so before 1875. Its closure also marks the end of any significant Shaker presence in the state of Indiana.
798:", when much of the Northeast and parts of Canana are shrouded in darkness throughout the day, despite the sky being clear. On or just after this day, Lee opens her gospel to the public. Residents from Albany and Columbia Counties in Upstate New York and
847:. In several localities, mobs attack them, and the Shakers are whipped, beaten, and assaulted. The center of operations for the missionary work is the late Ireland's "Square House" in Harvard, Massachusetts, where the Shakers attract a devoted following.
1329:
February 20, 1817: In response to the controversy over Eunice
Chapman and her children, the Ministry led by Lucy Wright issues an order to no longer take in a potential convert if they are married and their spouse does not wish to also
673:
Hocknell briefly returns to
England in order to bring his family to Watervliet, including his second wife, Hannah, and his children Francis and Anna. The family of Mary Partington, including her husband, John, also emigrate to the new
1355:
May 9: Chapman travels to
Enfield Village in New Hampshire where her children are held by the Shakers. Aided by mobs and fellow anti-Shaker activist Mary Dyer, she eventually obtains her son, George, and returns to Albany by June
1726:
The societies in
Kentucky begin experiencing severe hardship as passing armies requisition food, resources, and lodging, as well as additional loss through theft and fire. This hardship will continue throughout the course of the
1552:. Groveland is the last of nineteen major Shaker communities to be established. The net total of Shaker communities in New York remains at three, and the total number of existing Shaker communities in the country is eighteen.
1211:
rules that the daughters, Phebe and Betty, are free to choose whether to stay with the
Shakers or with Lane. They choose to remain at Watervliet. Prime and Hannah Lane then attempt to remove Betty by force, but fail to do
1641:
Anna
Hocknell, daughter of John and sister to Francis, and the last of the original English Shakers and of the "First Parents", dies at New Lebanon. Her death marks the end of the last memories of the Shaker origins in
1874:
The Shaker community in
Philadelphia is officially disbanded after 37 years of operation when Rebbeca Jackson Perot and 3 others are relocated to the West Family at Watervliet. However, some Shakers remain in the
1003:, Shaker village is formally organized, the next-to-last, and last 18th century, major community to be formed in the Northeast. There are now twelve Shaker communities in the United States, all in the Northeast.
626:, financed by John Hocknell. These are Ann Lee, Abraham Standerin, William Lee, Nancy Lee (a niece of Ann), James Whittaker, John Hocknell, Richard Hocknell (a son of John), James Shepherd, and Mary Partington.
871:
After returning to Watervliet, William Lee dies on July 21, and Ann Lee dies on September 8. Their deaths are attributed to the after-effects of the hardships and assaults they endured during their missionary
596:
While in prison for "disturbing the peace", Lee receives a vision and is convicted of the need for universal celibacy among all Christians. The Shakers later believe that she experienced the Second Coming of
1206:
Prime Lane, a black man who joined Watervliet Shaker village with his two daughters in 1802 and later, in 1810, renounced the faith, sues for custody of his daughters, arguing that they are his slaves. The
1295:
takes up the case of Eunice Chapman, who seeks a divorce and custody of her children after her husband, James Chapman, joined the Shakers at Watervliet and secretly took their children into the community.
1737:
Benjamin Gates and Frederick W. Evans visit Abraham Lincoln in order to have a young Shaker man be exempted from military draft and receive instructions for how other Shakers can legally avoid military
1695:
and Rebecca Perot from Watervliet Shaker Village. Both women are black, and oversee an integrated, majority black Shaker population. The total number of Shaker communities nation-wide is now nineteen.
1258:
September 1812: the Shaker community at West Union, Indiana, in order to escape the turmoil of the war, is temporarily disbanded and its membership takes shelter in the Ohio and Kentucky villages.
1509:
West Union, Indiana, is dissolved after years of continued trouble with external conflict from non-Shaker neighbors, internal disputes, and disease. It never fully recovered from the ravages of
1430:
The Shaker community at Savoy is disbanded and the membership relocated to New Lebanon, New York and Hancock, Massachusetts. The number of Shaker communities in Massachusetts now totals four.
497:, become known as the "Wardley Society", and soon also become known as "Shaking Quakers" or "Shakers" due to the physical trembling when the congregants are overcome with religious ecstasy.
1617:
The creation of sacred "feasting grounds" which started in 1842 is complete in all societies. All active villages except for Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, have received a spiritual name.
1406:, after long-standing disagreements with, and growing secessionist sentiment against, Massachusetts, breaks away from Massachusetts to become its own sovereign state as part of the
2600:
1319:
February 16: After the failure of her previous petition, Chapman appeals to the New York legislature to grant her a legislative divorce rather than one obtained through the court.
1448:, bringing the total number of Shaker communities in Ohio to five. The seventeenth and eighteenth communities overall, these are the last Shaker communities established in the
2180:
spiritual leader for Sabbathday Lake. The schism among the Shakers, now represented by Canterbury on one side of the dispute and Sabbathday Lake on the other, is irreparable.
1380:, where they reform into Poland Hill, a branch of the nearby Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village. The number of Shaker villages in Massachusetts is reduced from eight to seven.
791:, and leaders in the recent New Light revival, investigate the Shakers, are convinced of their message, and return with the news to their respective congregations.
527:
John Hocknell, after initially being drawn to Methodism, joins the Wardley Society. Around this time, the Partington family also starts hosting church meetings.
489:
worship - in that denomination, instead desiring a more expressive form of worship. This and subsequent house churches elsewhere in Manchester, as well as in
1627:
The Ministry consolidates and codifies previous collections of rules received in the Shaker orders through divine inspiration into an extensive revision of
301:'s reforms. Protestant and Orthodox figures would later claim that the Church in England held for centuries – until 1066 and perhaps even a bit after (e.g.
3280:
1410:. This reduces the total number of Shaker villages in Massachusetts from seven to five, as Alfred and Sabbathday Lake Villages are now in a separate state.
929:, into the New Lebanon Ministry to serve with him as a co-leader. Together they establish an administrative structure that promotes equality of the sexes.
2096:, the headquarters for all Shakers since 1787, is closed after 160 years of operation and the Shaker Ministry transferred to Hancock Shaker Village.
1580:
Francis Hocknell, son of John Hocknell and one of the original English Shakers who emigrated in the second voyage from England, dies at New Lebanon.
1232:
February 7: The third of the New Madrid earthquakes. While the earthquakes themselves only slightly damage West Union, they induce flooding of the
1151:
332:'s followers and subsequent movements is debated, Lollard ideas would lay inspiration in the religious soil of England; Quakerism was strongest in
2226:
Mildred Barker at Sabbathday Lake dies, as does Bertha Lindsay of Canterbury. The death of the latter leaves one surviving member at Canterbury,
2008:
1789:
961:
1763:
Frederick W. Evans travels to England, his place of birth, on a missionary tour. A handful of converts return with him to the United States.
2176:
Gertrude Soule leaves Sabbathday Lake to join the Canterbury Village. Mildred Barker, technically a trustee of the community, becomes the
1548:
The Sodus Bay Shaker community, dismayed at a proposal by New York State to build a canal near the village, is dissolved and relocated to
2608:
1538:
September 10: Mary Partington, the last living and faithful member of the first band of nine English Shakers to arrive in America, dies.
2271:
Wayne Smith leaves the Shakers after 26 years among them to marry Stacey Chase, whom he met when she visited the village as a reporter.
2887:
Goodwillie, Christian; Wergland, Glendyne R. (2017-07-05). "Mary Partington". In Goodwillie, Christian; Wergland, Glendyne R. (eds.).
485:, where the attendees practice ecstatic worship. Reportedly, they are former Quakers who dissent from the quietism - solemn, quietly
167:
3253:
2021:
983:
1337:. The number of Shaker villages in Massachusetts (of which Maine is a part) now reaches its highest point, with eight communities.
1161:
James Shepherd returns to Watervliet and is placed in the order established for members who have left the faith but then returned.
1236:
on which the community is situated. The resulting wet floodplains and swamps ground breed malaria and other insect-born diseases.
636:
Nothing more is known of the Townleys and Wardleys after this point. They are reported to have gone bankrupt and relocated to a
817:, New York arrests and imprisons Lee and several of her followers on suspicion of espionage. They are released later that year.
542:
John Hocknell brings his daughter, Mary, to live with Ann Lee and her brother William, in the house of their father, John Lees.
3346:
3321:
3182:
80:
1593:
The first outdoor ritual "feast" is held by the New Lebanon Shakers, a ritual which is then ordered for all the societies.
2300:
2080:
667:
1779:
The Shakers hold and participate in public meetings, often with other, non-Shaker spiritualists, throughout the country.
731:
Shadrack Ireland dies. His followers await for his resurrection that he predicted, but this resurrection does not occur.
2544:
Goodwillie, Christian (2016-04-29). "Believers in Two Worlds: Lives of the English Shakers". In Lockley, Philip (ed.).
1456:
1216:
407:
and prophetic sermons, their activities and writings influence the religious and political thought for many in England.
827:
Ann and William Lee and James Whittaker, along with some of their followers, travel on an extended missionary tour of
2898:
2856:
2807:
2719:
2644:
2555:
2421:
1796:
in 1827. It signals the dramatic decline in Shaker population and the closure of most villages in the coming decades.
2707:
The Great Divorce: A Nineteenth-Century Mother's Extraordinary Fight Against Her Husband, the Shakers, and Her Times
2034:
South Union Shaker Village, the last extant community of Western Shakers, closes down after 115 years of operation.
1917:
1248:
The attempt to form a commune at New Canaan is abandoned. Enfield remains the only Shaker community in Connecticut.
1133:
802:, begin converting to the Shakers. The newfound popularity attracts the attention of the New York state government.
681:
2067:
1982:
1665:
1119:
975:
799:
3225:
2381:
1959:
The last recorded mention of the Shakers living in Philadelphia, 49 years after the community was founded there.
1475:
The Shakers at Darby Plains abandon their attempts to form a community there and instead relocate to Whitewater.
1288:
renounces the Shakers and attempts to regain custody of her children, whom she had signed over to the community.
1000:
1940:
1799:
160:
2093:
1995:
1445:
905:
1590:
Shaker meetings are temporarily closed to the public due to fear of ridicule and harassment by non-Shakers
1793:
1155:
659:
1792:
is closed down after 83 years of operation. It is the first major closure of a Shaker settlement since
1292:
844:
685:
1203:
result in multiple raids from both the United States and the Confederacy on West Union Shaker Village.
904:
which are sub-divided into smaller communities called "families". The village organized by Meacham at
2240:
1657:
1341:
legally enslaved to Shakers who joined with them as their legal property and had yet to release them.
1208:
1200:
957:
926:
795:
788:
232:. This spans the emergence of denomination in the mid-18th century, the emigration of the Shakers to
68:
27:
1499:, bringing the total number of Shaker village in New York to its highest point of three communities.
1383:
The two remaining children of Eunice Chapman held at Enfield, New Hampshire are returned to Chapman.
1847:
1549:
1449:
814:
651:
607:
By this time, the Shakers have become disruptive, and Ann Lee and others are jailed more than once.
229:
153:
120:
2305:
1969:
1816:
1441:
1186:
1137:
1075:
655:
282:
140:
1314:
Testimonies of the Life, Character, Revelations and Doctrines of our Ever Blessed Mother Ann Lee
2799:
2793:
2114:
1953:
1071:
987:
940:
893:
James Whittaker dies, and Joseph Meacham becomes the first American-born leader of the Shakers.
858:
770:
754:
577:, and eight followers of his Perfectionist movement, build "The Square House". Ireland teaches
570:
189:
900:
and begins "gathering into order" the scattered Shaker Believers, bringing them together into
3230:
2634:
2440:
2044:
1568:
1063:
979:
944:
897:
762:
434:
404:
298:
278:
213:
48:
1943:. After the earthquake and resultant fires, the Shakers in California disappear from record.
2133:
1334:
1089:
623:
558:
274:
2833:
Shaking the Faith: Women, Family, and Mary Marshall Dyer's Anti-Shaker Campaign, 1815-1867
1363:, an anti-Shaker work that further publicizes her custody dispute with the Enfield Shakers
1261:
A branch of the New Lebanon Shaker Village, consisting of two families, is established in
8:
3338:
3332:
2083:, the first community established by the Shakers, is closed after 162 years of operation.
1861:
1692:
1407:
1361:
A brief statement of the sufferings of Mary Dyer occasioned by the society called Shakers
356:
237:
217:
1255:
breaks out between the United States and the United Kingdom and their respective allies.
2677:
1886:
1720:
1285:
1241:
1093:
901:
718:, including territory near the Shakers at Watervliet, declare war on the United States.
563:
382:
225:
53:
1013:
Joseph Meacham dies. Lucy Wright continues as the sole primary leader for the Shakers.
302:
3342:
3317:
3285:
3178:
2894:
2852:
2803:
2715:
2669:
2640:
2551:
2417:
1510:
1034:
810:
766:
742:
663:
360:
290:
241:
221:
1607:, a series of special divine revelations received by Philemon Stewart, is published.
677:
Abraham Standerin renounces the Shakers and his marriage, and marries another woman.
244:, and the continued persistence of the faith through decline into the 21st century.
3364:
3174:
2873:
2138:
1386:
Mary Dyer raises a mob to reclaim her children from Enfield, but this effort fails.
1262:
840:
758:
715:
574:
556:
report on the Shakers, likely a reprint from an English newspaper, is published by
321:
233:
63:
2795:
Shaker Heritage Guidebook: Exploring the Historic Sites, Museums & Collections
1885:
The Shakers at Union Village attempt to establish a new Shaker community based in
3311:
3168:
2888:
2846:
2705:
2545:
2416:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. xxxi, note 3.
2411:
1661:
1656:" is composed. The Shakers attribute the song variously to a "Negro spirit" from
1299:
1067:
750:
703:
294:
58:
3331:
Whitson, Robley Edward (1983), "Introduction", in Whitson, Robley Edward (ed.),
2711:
2128:
2057:
The Narcoossee, Florida Shaker Village closes down after 29 years of operation.
1107:
490:
422:
193:
2410:
Humez, Jean M. (1993-04-22). "General Introduction". In Humez, Jean M. (ed.).
1118:, having heard of the revivals in those states. The mission is a success, and
3358:
2673:
1834:
1377:
1172:
828:
711:
707:
699:
630:
329:
201:
843:, gathering converts and establishing a network of followers throughout the
2749:
2227:
1688:
1684:
1653:
1528:
The program of manumission of enslaved persons at South Union is completed.
1233:
836:
773:. They hold daily meetings that include extraordinary spiritual phenomena,
478:
474:
106:
74:
2413:
Mother's First-Born Daughters: Early Shaker Writings on Women and Religion
403:, also known as the "French Prophets", into London from France. Known for
3145:
3140:
1496:
1390:
1376:
The Shaker community at Gorham is dissolved and its members relocated to
1312:
The first major Shaker writing, and their official biography of Ann Lee,
1252:
922:
832:
774:
553:
418:
128:
85:
2681:
2281:
Francis Carr, who joined the Shakers in 1937 at age ten, dies at age 89.
666:), this becomes the first major Shaker settlement in the United States,
3258:
1902:, the final title of the newspaper started in 1871, ceases publication.
1389:
South Union and Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, officially begin a program of
578:
486:
457:
430:
378:
857:
September 3: Effective end of the American Revolutionary War when the
1830:
637:
438:
426:
240:, subsequent missionary work and the establishment of nineteen major
1769:, a Shaker-run newspaper and newsletter, is launched in Watervliet.
1115:
911:
John Hocknell is appointed First Elder of Watervliet Church Family.
806:
746:
400:
325:
209:
2943:
363:
as national spiritual authority and causing deep religious strife.
2601:"Living Black and Free in 18th and 19th Century Albany, New York"
2152:
2111:
Theodore "Ted" Johnson arrives at Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village.
494:
461:
386:
286:
197:
185:
112:
19:
2441:"Ann Lee: Her Work, her People, and their Critics - Third Paper"
787:
March: Joseph Meacham and Calvin Harlow, Baptist ministers from
777:, and visions. These revivals dissipate by the end of the year.
728:
The first new members recorded as joining the Shaker community.
482:
333:
293:. Loyalty to the Pope is reinforced and strengthened after the
184:
is a list of important events pertaining to the history of the
3075:
2890:
Shaker Autobiographies, Biographies and Testimonies, 1806–1907
1709:
is published, repealing many of the more exacting regulations.
1037:, used create broom brushes that are flat rather than rounded.
2955:
2547:
Protestant Communalism in the Trans-Atlantic World, 1650–1850
1403:
611:
337:
205:
2636:
Sisters in the Faith: Shaker Women and Equality of the Sexes
2243:
closes after 200 years of operation when Ethel Hudson dies.
1485:
April 14: Mary Hocknell, a daughter of John Hocknell, dies.
1275:
March 1814: Shakers start returning to West Union, Indiana.
1111:
882:
2972:
2970:
2639:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 56.
2155:
stating that the community would no longer accept members.
1930:
The Shakers abandon their attempts to settle at White Oak.
1860:
Shakers from New Lebanon establish a new Shaker colony in
1033:
Theodore Bates, of Watervliet Shaker Village, invents the
2991:
2931:
2871:
Theodore E. Johnson, ed., "The Millennial Laws of 1821,"
2166:
controversial presence of Ted Johnson at Sabbathday Lake.
1423:
The Shakers codify their rules for the first time as the
1393:
for any remaining enslaved members within their villages.
1219:
and its aftershock inflicts minimal damage to West Union.
1051:
3051:
3027:
2907:
878:
James Shepherd and John Partington renounce the Shakers.
3099:
3039:
2967:
2851:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 61.
2660:
Blake, Nelson M. (1960). "Eunice Against the Shakers".
1850:
is permanently closed down after 56 years of operation.
328:
arises. Whilst the extent of direct connection between
3281:"World's oldest Shaker dies in Maine; only two remain"
1819:
is permanently closed down after 67 year of operation.
1806:, which contains over 140 pages detailing the Shakers.
456:
February 29: Ann Lees (later known as Lee) is born in
3111:
1440:
The final two Shaker communities in Ohio are formed:
1229:
January 23: The second of the New Madrid earthquakes.
875:
James Whittaker takes over leadership of the society.
809:
and British origin of the Shakers at a time when the
3063:
3015:
3003:
2919:
277:
takes place, beginning the formal separation of the
2521:
2519:
1132:Shaker converts are organized into the villages of
477:and James Wardley, residents of Manchester, form a
3334:The Shakers: Two Centuries of Spiritual Reflection
2886:
622:May 19: Nine Shakers emigrate from England to the
399:Elie Marion leads a group of millenarian group of
385:movement that becomes a denomination known as the
3197:Stein 1992, p. 385-389; Paterwic 2009, pp.116-117
2893:. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. p. 114.
2203:Arnold Hadd joins Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village.
2151:Emma King of Canterbury Shaker Village issues an
1158:. The latter village becomes known as West Union.
3356:
2750:"South Union, KY - Shakers, Slaves, and Freemen"
2516:
1106:Wright sends John Meacham, Benjamin Youngs, and
3316:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
658:, New York. Known as Niskayuna and later on as
581:for those who have not yet achieved perfection.
2474:, vol. 1 (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1869), 453.
1906:
1829:A few Shakers attempt to start communities at
1804:The Communistic Societies of the United States
1462:Mary Dyer releases a second anti-Shaker book,
1239:The first written collection of Shaker hymns,
305:) – certain liberties and autonomy from Rome.
161:
2835:(New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002): 86-97.
2070:is closed down after 138 years of operation.
2798:. Spencertown: Golden Hill Press. pp.
2754:Notable Kentucky African Americans Database
2301:"The Quakers in English Society, 1655-1725"
1998:is closed down after 94 years of operation.
445:
2543:
1920:is disbanded after 94 years of operation..
612:Early missionary work in the United States
168:
154:
3138:
2382:"The Shakers and the American Revolution"
2047:closes down after 130 years of operation.
2024:closes down after 127 years of operation.
2011:closes down after 127 years of operation.
1985:closes down after 107 years of operation.
1972:closes down after 105 years of operation.
1956:closes down after 115 years of operation.
1752:
964:, Shaker villages are formally organized.
517:January 5: Lee marries Abraham Standerin.
340:where Lollardy had previously taken hold.
3166:
3105:
3045:
2976:
2632:
1556:
1199:Conflicts between the United States and
883:Re-organization and institutionalization
3330:
3226:"Maine Voices Live with Brother Arnold"
3117:
1683:A small Shaker community is founded in
1062:The Second Great Awakening crosses the
650:John Hocknell leases property from the
252:
3357:
3278:
2791:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2309:: 129–139 – via Oxford Academic.
2298:
2045:Enfield, New Hampshire, Shaker Village
1052:Community growth and Western expansion
437:, beginning what will become known as
257:
3309:
3251:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2659:
2628:
2626:
2435:
2433:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2357:
2355:
2336:
2334:
2319:MS 13/3, Manchester Cathedral Archive
2247:
2100:
1748:May—June: The American Civil War ends
947:are formally organized into villages.
714:nations, who inhabit and own much of
2844:
2496:There's a map of the tour in Stein,
2117:closes after 170 years of operation.
2009:Enfield, Connecticut, Shaker Village
1302:, officially ending the War of 1812.
481:at the residence of John Townley in
289:being under the jurisdiction of the
3252:Chase, Stacey (February 28, 2010).
3167:Paterwic, Stephen J. (2009-09-28).
3132:
2703:
2577:
2532:
1185:A Shaker community is attempted at
13:
3337:, Mahwah: Paulist Press, pp.
3087:
2737:
2623:
2430:
2398:
2386:Journal of the American Revolution
2368:
2352:
2331:
896:Meacham introduces the concept of
507:Ann Lee joins the Wardley Society.
14:
3376:
2550:. London: Springer. p. 101.
2141:and newsletter about the Shakers.
1298:February 17: Ratification of the
1023:October 18: Hannah Hocknell dies.
813:are at war for independence from
3313:The Shaker Experience in America
3177:: Scarecrow Press. p. 116.
3139:Patterson, Daniel (2007-04-14).
2845:Neal, Julia (January 13, 2015).
2485:The Shaker Experience in America
2299:Davies, Adrian (February 2000).
1918:Watervliet, Ohio, Shaker Village
1672:
1047:February 27: John Hocknell dies.
682:Battles of Lexington and Concord
196:who believe that their founder,
26:
3272:
3245:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3160:
3141:"Shakers Appearing in the Film"
3123:
2982:
2880:
2865:
2838:
2825:
2816:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2728:
2697:
2688:
2653:
2593:
2564:
2503:
2490:
2477:
2464:
2455:
1605:Sacred and Divine Roll and Book
1209:New York State Court of Appeals
800:Berkshire County, Massachusetts
3303:
3254:"He left the Shakers for love"
2633:Wergland, Glendyne R. (2011).
2343:
2322:
2313:
2292:
1333:A Shaker village is formed at
1215:December 16: The first of the
662:(today the site is located in
629:August 6: The Shakers land in
359:takes place, establishing the
1:
2285:
1941:1906 San Francisco earthquake
1518:
1150:Shaker villages organized at
586:
532:
368:
345:
310:
263:
247:
81:Works based on "Simple Gifts"
2988:Goodwillie 2016, pp. 102-103
2952:, p. 177; 181, table 2.
2607:. p. 16. Archived from
2498:Shaker Experience in America
2380:Manca, Joseph (2015-08-12).
1660:or, more commonly, to Elder
1171:A village is established at
190:denomination of Christianity
7:
3279:Brogan, Beth (2017-01-03).
1907:Decline in the 20th century
1495:A Shaker village formed at
1464:A portraiture of Shakerism.
1455:Shakers start gathering at
974:Formal organization of the
10:
3381:
3310:Stein, Stephen J. (1992).
1996:White Water Shaker Village
1817:North Union Shaker Village
1293:New York State Legislature
845:Northeastern United States
686:American Revolutionary War
3170:The A to Z of the Shakers
2363:The People Called Shakers
2241:Canterbury Shaker Village
2081:Watervliet Shaker Village
1835:San Francisco, California
1658:Canterbury Shaker Village
958:Canterbury, New Hampshire
927:Pittsfield, Massachusetts
908:becomes the headquarters.
789:Columbia County, New York
668:Watervliet Shaker Village
3084:, p. 502, note 176.
1848:Groveland Shaker Village
1790:Tyringham Shaker Village
1450:Midwestern United States
962:Tyringham, Massachusetts
652:Manor of Rensselaerswyck
446:Emergence of the Shakers
3215:Stein 1992, pp. 389-393
3206:Stein 1992, pp. 387-389
2964:, p. 183, 198-199.
2792:Murray, Stuart (1994).
2782:Blake 1960, pp. 374-377
2773:Blake 1960, pp. 371-372
2590:Goodwillie 2016, p. 102
2306:Oxford University Press
1705:A revision to the 1845
1425:Millennial Laws of 1821
1187:New Canaan, Connecticut
1138:Pleasant Hill, Kentucky
1076:Red River Meeting House
573:, the religious leader
283:Eastern Orthodox Church
208:, the Shakers practice
2461:Goodwillie 2016, p. 83
2451:(1): 85. January 1878.
2349:Goodwillie 2016, p. 80
2340:Goodwillie 2016, p. 79
2328:Goodwillie 2016, p. 78
2115:Hancock Shaker Village
2022:Harvard Shaker Village
1954:Shirley Shaker Village
1753:Post-Civil War decline
1217:New Madrid earthquakes
1201:Tecumseh's Confederacy
1088:Revivalism spreads to
1072:Logan County, Kentucky
1001:Sabbathday Lake, Maine
988:Shirley, Massachusetts
980:Enfield, New Hampshire
941:Hancock, Massachusetts
921:Joseph Meacham brings
902:collectivized villages
805:Because of the avowed
771:Second Great Awakening
755:Hancock, Massachusetts
640:in the summer of 1774.
571:Harvard, Massachusetts
3231:Portland Press Herald
3096:Paterwic 2009, p. 172
2694:Woo 2010, pp. 213-214
2572:People Called Shakers
2527:People Called Shakers
2511:People Called Shakers
2472:History of Pittsfield
2193:suspends publication.
2068:Alfred Shaker Village
1666:Alfred Shaker Village
1569:Era of Manifestations
1557:Era of Manifestations
1152:South Union, Kentucky
1122:is organized in Ohio.
1064:Appalachian Mountains
763:New Lebanon, New York
435:Christ Church, Oxford
299:William the Conqueror
279:Roman Catholic Church
182:chronology of Shakers
49:Era of Manifestations
44:Chronology of Shakers
2848:The Kentucky Shakers
2831:Elizabeth De Wolfe,
2714:. pp. 213–214.
2259:The Shaker Quarterly
2214:The Shaker Quarterly
2191:The Shaker Quarterly
2134:The Shaker Quarterly
1983:Union Shaker Village
1900:The Shaker Manifesto
1335:Savoy, Massachusetts
1090:Cane Ridge, Kentucky
945:Enfield, Connecticut
624:Province of New York
559:The Virginia Gazette
275:Great Schism of 1054
253:Emergence in England
3000:, p. 199, 203.
2940:, p. 177, 180.
2704:Woo, Ilyon (2010).
2361:Edward D. Andrews,
2216:resumes publication
1862:Narcoossee, Florida
1794:West Union, Indiana
1693:Rebecca Cox Jackson
1629:The Millennial Laws
1550:Groveland, New York
1497:Sodus Bay, New York
1408:Missouri Compromise
1352:across state lines.
775:speaking in tongues
579:abstinence from sex
357:English Reformation
258:Precursor movements
242:planned communities
238:American Revolution
22:
3129:Stein 1992, p. 384
3060:, p. 223-224.
3036:, p. 224-225.
2916:, p. 175-176.
2877:7.2 (1967): 35–58.
2822:Blake 1960, p. 377
2734:Murray 1994, p. 95
2261:ceases publication
2248:The last community
2101:Revival and schism
1887:White Oak, Georgia
1721:American Civil War
1457:Darby Plains, Ohio
1242:Millennial Praises
1110:to proselytize in
1094:first camp meeting
939:Shakers living at
769:which presage the
564:Colony of Virginia
324:movement known as
236:on the eve of the
200:, experienced the
54:Shaker communities
18:
3348:978-0-8091-2373-5
3323:978-0-300-05933-5
3286:Bangor Daily News
3184:978-0-8108-7056-7
1567:Beginning of the
1420:Lucy Wright dies.
822:1781 through 1783
811:American colonies
745:congregations of
680:On April 19, the
664:Colonie, New York
602:1772 through 1774
383:English dissenter
361:Church of England
314: late 1300s
291:Patriarch of Rome
214:confession of sin
178:
177:
109:and James Wardley
69:Shaker inventions
3372:
3351:
3327:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3175:Lanham, Maryland
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2884:
2878:
2874:Shaker Quarterly
2869:
2863:
2862:
2842:
2836:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2746:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2662:New York History
2657:
2651:
2650:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:on July 31, 2016
2597:
2591:
2588:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2541:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2377:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2296:
2127:Ted Johnson and
1800:Charles Nordhoff
1523:
1520:
1291:February 7: The
1263:Canaan, New York
1134:Watervliet, Ohio
990:Shaker communes.
841:Upstate New York
716:Upstate New York
591:
588:
575:Shadrack Ireland
537:
534:
373:
370:
350:
347:
322:proto-Protestant
315:
312:
268:
265:
222:ecstatic worship
170:
163:
156:
64:Shaker furniture
30:
23:
17:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3324:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3291:
3289:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3262:
3250:
3246:
3237:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2885:
2881:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2631:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2250:
2103:
1909:
1755:
1707:Millennial Laws
1675:
1662:Joseph Brackett
1559:
1521:
1359:Dyer publishes
1316:, is published.
1300:Treaty of Ghent
1245:, is published.
1068:Revival of 1800
1054:
885:
859:Treaty of Paris
614:
589:
535:
448:
371:
348:
313:
303:Thomas à Becket
295:Norman Invasion
266:
260:
255:
250:
174:
145:
121:James Whittaker
90:
59:Shaker families
12:
11:
5:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3328:
3322:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3271:
3244:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3183:
3159:
3131:
3122:
3110:
3108:, p. 139.
3098:
3086:
3074:
3072:, p. 228.
3062:
3050:
3048:, p. 138.
3038:
3026:
3024:, p. 201.
3014:
3012:, p. 202.
3002:
2990:
2981:
2979:, p. 143.
2966:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2928:, p. 176.
2918:
2906:
2899:
2879:
2864:
2857:
2837:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2736:
2727:
2720:
2712:Grove Atlantic
2696:
2687:
2652:
2645:
2622:
2592:
2576:
2563:
2556:
2531:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2470:J.E.A. Smith,
2463:
2454:
2429:
2422:
2397:
2367:
2365:(1963), p. 13.
2351:
2342:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2129:Mildred Barker
2119:
2118:
2112:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2085:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1932:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1838:
1821:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1719:April 12: The
1711:
1710:
1697:
1696:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1515:
1514:
1511:Tecumseh's War
1501:
1500:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1177:
1176:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:Busro, Indiana
1142:
1141:
1124:
1123:
1108:Issachar Bates
1098:
1097:
1080:
1079:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1004:
992:
991:
966:
965:
949:
948:
931:
930:
925:, from nearby
913:
912:
909:
894:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
873:
863:
862:
849:
848:
819:
818:
803:
792:
779:
778:
733:
732:
729:
720:
719:
690:
689:
678:
675:
671:
642:
641:
634:
627:
613:
610:
609:
608:
599:
598:
583:
582:
567:
544:
543:
529:
528:
519:
518:
509:
508:
499:
498:
466:
465:
447:
444:
443:
442:
423:Charles Wesley
409:
408:
391:
390:
365:
364:
342:
341:
307:
306:
267: 1054 AD
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
230:egalitarianism
176:
175:
173:
172:
165:
158:
150:
147:
146:
144:
143:
141:Shaker members
132:
131:
126:
125:Joseph Meacham
123:
118:
115:
110:
100:
97:
96:
95:Notable people
92:
91:
89:
88:
83:
78:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
37:
36:
32:
31:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3377:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3126:
3120:, p. 25.
3119:
3114:
3107:
3106:Paterwic 2009
3102:
3093:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3047:
3046:Paterwic 2009
3042:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2985:
2978:
2977:Paterwic 2009
2973:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2902:
2900:9781351548854
2896:
2892:
2891:
2883:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2858:9780813148670
2854:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2834:
2828:
2819:
2811:
2809:9780961487669
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2731:
2723:
2721:9780802197054
2717:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2646:9781558498631
2642:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2627:
2610:
2606:
2605:Albany County
2602:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2557:9781137484871
2553:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2445:The Manifesto
2442:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2423:9780253114525
2419:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2325:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2095:
2094:Mount Lebanon
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1970:Pleasant Hill
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
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1251:June 18: the
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1173:Gorham, Maine
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1120:Union Village
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829:Massachusetts
826:
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794:May 19: The "
793:
790:
786:
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784:
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765:, experience
764:
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756:
752:
751:Presbyterians
748:
744:
740:
739:
738:
737:
730:
727:
726:
725:
724:
717:
713:
709:
705:
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698:In July, the
697:
696:
695:
694:
687:
683:
679:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:Albany County
653:
649:
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647:
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631:New York City
628:
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619:
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417:The brothers
416:
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406:
402:
398:
397:
396:
395:
388:
384:
381:initiates an
380:
377:
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354:
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351:
339:
335:
331:
330:John Wycliffe
327:
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202:Second Coming
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135:Other members
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42:
41:
39:
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34:
33:
29:
25:
24:
21:
16:
3333:
3312:
3290:. Retrieved
3284:
3274:
3263:. Retrieved
3257:
3247:
3236:. Retrieved
3234:. 2019-09-10
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3169:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3144:
3134:
3125:
3118:Whitson 1983
3113:
3101:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3005:
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2984:
2957:
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2872:
2867:
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2840:
2832:
2827:
2818:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2759:September 4,
2757:. Retrieved
2753:
2730:
2710:. New York:
2706:
2699:
2690:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2635:
2615:September 4,
2613:. Retrieved
2609:the original
2604:
2595:
2574:, p. 290-91.
2571:
2566:
2546:
2526:
2513:, chapter 3.
2510:
2505:
2500:, pp. 20–21.
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2444:
2412:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2362:
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2315:
2304:
2294:
2275:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2234:
2233:
2228:Ethel Hudson
2220:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2121:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1947:
1946:
1934:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1841:
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1823:
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1810:
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1803:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1689:Pennsylvania
1685:Philadelphia
1677:
1676:
1654:Simple Gifts
1646:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1561:
1560:
1542:
1541:
1532:
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1503:
1502:
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1424:
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1413:
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1345:
1344:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1240:
1234:Wabash River
1223:
1222:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1144:
1143:
1126:
1125:
1100:
1099:
1092:, where the
1082:
1081:
1056:
1055:
1041:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1006:
994:
993:
968:
967:
951:
950:
933:
932:
915:
914:
887:
886:
865:
864:
851:
850:
837:Rhode Island
821:
820:
781:
780:
735:
734:
722:
721:
692:
691:
644:
643:
616:
615:
601:
600:
585:
584:
557:
552:A scathing,
546:
545:
531:
530:
521:
520:
511:
510:
501:
500:
479:house church
468:
467:
450:
449:
429:, a student
411:
410:
393:
392:
367:
366:
349: 1500s
344:
343:
309:
308:
297:of 1066 and
262:
261:
206:Jesus Christ
194:Millenarians
181:
179:
134:
133:
101:
75:Simple Gifts
43:
15:
3304:Works cited
3152:December 4,
3146:Folkstreams
1522: 1830
1442:North Union
1391:manumission
1253:War of 1812
923:Lucy Wright
906:New Lebanon
898:communalism
833:Connecticut
590: 1770
554:anti-Shaker
536: 1768
372: 1650
218:communalism
129:Lucy Wright
117:William Lee
86:Anti-Shaker
3292:2020-09-11
3265:2020-09-11
3259:Boston.com
3238:2020-09-11
3082:Stein 1992
3070:Stein 1992
3058:Stein 1992
3034:Stein 1992
3022:Stein 1992
3010:Stein 1992
2998:Stein 1992
2962:Stein 1992
2950:Stein 1992
2938:Stein 1992
2926:Stein 1992
2914:Stein 1992
2668:(4): 366.
2487:pp. 13–14.
2391:2019-09-04
2286:References
1802:publishes
1652:The song "
1446:Whitewater
1070:begins in
1035:broom vice
861:is signed.
743:New Light"
684:begin the
674:community.
660:Watervliet
638:poor house
487:meditative
458:Manchester
431:cell group
379:George Fox
248:Chronology
2674:0146-437X
2570:Andrews,
2529:, p. 290.
2525:Andrews,
2509:Andrews,
1831:San Diego
1286:Mary Dyer
1074:, at the
1066:when the
439:Methodism
427:Holy Club
401:Camisards
3359:Category
2682:23153650
2178:de facto
1738:service.
1642:England.
1116:Kentucky
1096:is held.
807:pacifism
796:Dark Day
767:revivals
747:Baptists
704:Onondaga
491:Meretown
334:parishes
326:Lollardy
234:New York
226:pacifism
210:celibacy
102:Founders
3365:Shakers
2483:Stein,
2153:epistle
2139:journal
2131:launch
984:Harvard
815:Britain
597:Christ.
562:in the
495:Chester
462:England
405:visions
387:Quakers
287:England
285:, with
198:Ann Lee
186:Shakers
113:Ann Lee
20:Shakers
3345:
3320:
3181:
2897:
2855:
2806:
2718:
2680:
2672:
2643:
2554:
2420:
1767:Shaker
1723:begins
1154:, and
1136:, and
982:, and
943:, and
839:, and
759:Caanan
712:Seneca
710:, and
708:Cayuga
700:Mohawk
483:Bolton
228:, and
35:Topics
2678:JSTOR
1875:city.
1664:from
1404:Maine
1330:join.
872:tour.
654:, in
425:form
338:Essex
3343:ISBN
3339:1-42
3318:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3154:2016
2895:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2804:ISBN
2761:2019
2716:ISBN
2670:ISSN
2641:ISBN
2617:2019
2552:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2276:2017
2266:2006
2253:1996
2235:1992
2221:1990
2208:1986
2198:1978
2185:1975
2171:1971
2160:1965
2146:1963
2137:, a
2122:1961
2106:1960
2088:1947
2075:1938
2062:1931
2052:1924
2039:1923
2029:1922
2016:1918
2003:1917
1990:1916
1977:1912
1964:1910
1948:1908
1935:1906
1925:1902
1912:1900
1894:1899
1880:1898
1869:1896
1855:1895
1842:1892
1833:and
1824:1890
1811:1889
1784:1875
1774:1872
1758:1871
1743:1865
1732:1862
1727:war.
1714:1861
1700:1860
1678:1859
1647:1848
1636:1847
1622:1845
1612:1844
1603:The
1598:1843
1585:1842
1575:1841
1562:1837
1543:1836
1533:1833
1504:1827
1490:1826
1480:1825
1470:1823
1444:and
1435:1822
1415:1821
1398:1820
1371:1819
1346:1818
1324:1817
1307:1816
1280:1815
1270:1814
1224:1812
1194:1811
1180:1810
1166:1808
1145:1807
1127:1806
1114:and
1112:Ohio
1101:1805
1083:1801
1057:1800
1042:1799
1028:1798
1018:1787
1008:1796
995:1794
986:and
969:1793
960:and
952:1792
934:1790
916:1788
888:1787
866:1784
852:1783
782:1780
761:and
757:and
749:and
736:1779
723:1778
693:1777
645:1775
617:1774
547:1769
522:1766
512:1761
502:1758
493:and
475:Jane
469:1747
451:1736
421:and
419:John
412:1729
394:1706
355:The
320:The
281:and
273:The
188:, a
180:The
107:Jane
1691:by
1212:so.
753:in
569:In
433:at
336:in
204:of
3361::
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3283:.
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2370:^
2354:^
2333:^
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