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304:(York). The preface is dated Burton Hall, 26 May 1794; in June 1802 Wyvill wrote the preface to a fourth volume, and the papers were eventually concluded in six. They show the proceedings of the Yorkshire Association, and the sympathy of others interested in the reform of Parliament. The correspondence includes letters between the chairman of the association and, among others, the
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Wyvill strongly disapproved of the subsequent war with France, to which he attributed industrial distress in
Yorkshire, and this completed his alienation from Pitt. In 1793 Wyvill published in pamphlet form correspondence that had passed between them. Some supplementary letters appeared at Newcastle
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wrote in a similar vein, and
Rockingham wanted to know if the Association had ever considered the practicability of the annual parliaments which they recommended. Wyvill's contention was that the long American war was due primarily, not to the wish of the people, but to the votes of the members of
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A committee under Wyvill was appointed to continue the pressure by correspondence, and the example of
Yorkshire was followed by other counties, 25 in all. In the period 1779 to 1781, when there was a delegate conference, the movement gained a broad base. Supporters included
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Political Papers, chiefly respecting the
Attempt of the County of York and other considerable Districts, commenced in 1779 … to effect a Reformation of the Parliament of Great Britain. Collected by the Rev. Christopher Wyvill, Chairman of the late Committee of
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On 1 October 1773 Wyvill married his cousin
Elizabeth, an heiress. She died in London on 22 July 1783, aged 68. He married, secondly, on 9 August 1787, Sarah, daughter of J. Codling, and by her had issue, with several daughters, three sons, all educated at
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and elsewhere, and the mansion at
Constable Burton, the building of which he completed from his cousin, Sir Marmaduke's, designs. He had some years previously taken orders and been presented through his cousin's influence to the rectory of
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In 1779 Wyvill was appointed secretary of the
Yorkshire Association, which had for its main objects to shorten the duration of parliaments, and to equalise the representation. He shortly became chairman of the association.
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in a further brochure, and both had a large sale. Wyvill attached himself to the extreme Whig opposition, and he defended in a short pamphlet (early 1799) the secession of 1798. After Fox's death he gave his support to
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Wyvill drew up a circular letter enunciating its political sentiments, and took a leading part in drawing up the
Yorkshire petition presented to parliament on 8 February 1780. A number of moderate Whigs, including
251:, and Sir Charles Turner, who spoke of the House of Commons as resembling a parcel of thieves that had stolen an estate and were afraid of letting any person look into their title-deeds for fear of losing it.
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With the end of the
American Revolutionary War in 1783, however, and the fall of Lord North, the Association disintegrated. Wyvill's supporters dwindled, to a small group including
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to increase taxation. Frustrated with government profligacy, Wyvill and the gentry of
Yorkshire called for a package of 'economical reforms': cuts in government spending and
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A State of the Representation of the People of England on the Principles of Mr. Pitt in 1785, with an Annexed Sketch of Additional Propositions
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in 1740, the son of Edward Wyvill (died 1791), supervisor of excise there, by Christian Catherine, daughter of William Clifton of Edinburgh.
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Wyvill's correspondence with Pitt, and the political correspondence, are known as the "Wyvill Papers". Three volumes appeared in 1794–5 as
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Summary Explanation of the Principles of Mr. Pitt's intended Bill for Amending the Representation of the People in Parliament
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454:(1791–1872), M.P. for York city from March 1820 to July 1830; Christopher Wyvill, a naval officer; and Edward, rector of
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in 1756, obtaining an honorary degree of LL.B. in 1764. In 1774 he came in for the large landed estates of the family in
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Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain: Reflections on the British Avoidance of Revolution
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The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800: Volume I
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Richard Pares, 'Review: George III, Lord North, and the People, 1779–80 by Herbert Butterfield',
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219:
467:
Ian R. Christie (1960) The Yorkshire Association, 1780–84: A Study in Political Organization,
232:" is in fact that of 1780—the revolution that we escaped". This interpretation was adopted by
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Letters to the Committee of Belfast on the proposed Reformation of the Parliament of Ireland
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argued that the Yorkshire Association was a quasi-revolutionary organisation and that "our "
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Thoughts on our Articles of Religion with respect to their Proposed Utility to the State
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Wyvill's writings were mostly shilling tracts, advocating radical reform. They include:
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Political and Historical Arguments proving the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform
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raised a number of issues surrounding parliamentary reform in opposition to the
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A more extended Discussion in Favour of Liberty of Conscience Recommended
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Intolerance, the Disgrace of Christians, not the Fault of their Religion
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A Serious Address to all the Independent Electors of the United Kingdom
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Wyvill returned in later life to his early enthusiasm in the cause of
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652: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Considerations on the Twofold Mode of Elections adopted in France
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32:(1740–1822) was an English cleric and landowner, a political
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failed to gain the necessary support. In the wake of the
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An Apology for the Petitioners for Liberty of Conscience
283:, on 8 March 1822, at the age of 82, and was buried at
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in 1780. Some moderate reforms were implemented by the
384:, 1792, (a plea for reform, with some reflections on
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A Defence of Dr. Price and the Reformers of England
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16:English cleric, landowner and political reformer
581:(Princeton University Press, 1959), pp. 294–97.
566:George III, Lord North, and the People, 1779–80
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668:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
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607:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), pp. 47–48.
594:, Vol. 65, No. 257 (Oct., 1950), pp. 526–29
521:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
236:but criticised by other historians such as
64:opposition, culminating in the carrying of
568:(London: G. Bell & Sons, 1949), p. vi.
275:. He died at his seat, Burton Hall, near
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552:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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512:"Wyvill, Christopher (1740–1822)"
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208:George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester
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693:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
616:For more on Christopher Wyvill see:
316:, Lord Stanhope, Charles James Fox,
116:, was his great-great-grandfather.
110:Sir Christopher Wyvill, 3rd Baronet
60:Wyvill's cause was taken up by the
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259:and the peace-at-any-price party.
36:who inspired the formation of the
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458:, who died on 15 September 1869.
366:, London, 1771, several editions.
665:Dictionary of National Biography
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518:Dictionary of National Biography
471:, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 144–161
271:; in particular he published on
660:Wyvill, Christopher (1740–1822)
630:A Naval Biographical Dictionary
533:"Wyvill, Christopher (WVL756C)"
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592:The English Historical Review
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70:Rockingham-led administration
49:had forced the government of
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624:"Wyvill, Christopher"
537:A Cambridge Alumni Database
291:M.P., of Constable Burton.
96:in the nineteenth century.
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539:. University of Cambridge.
430:, 1810 (several editions).
121:Queens' College, Cambridge
47:American Revolutionary War
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352:, Sir George Savile, and
144:The Yorkshire Association
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74:William Pitt the Younger
289:Marmaduke D'Arcy Wyvill
119:Wyvill matriculated at
633:. London: John Murray.
549:Their articles in the
469:The Historical Journal
328:, William Strickland,
220:William Johnson Temple
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564:Herbert Butterfield,
318:Major John Cartwright
273:Catholic emancipation
234:Robert Roswell Palmer
39:Yorkshire Association
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428:Papers on Toleration
269:universal toleration
619:O'Byrne, William R.
226:Herbert Butterfield
196:Sir James Innes-Ker
192:Thomas Brand Hollis
78:Fox-North Coalition
42:movement in 1779.
30:Christopher Wyvill
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25:Christopher Wyvill
456:Fingal, Yorkshire
354:Benjamin Franklin
249:Sir George Savile
230:French Revolution
168:Charles James Fox
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642:Attribution
322:Capel Lofft
302:Association
176:John Baynes
677:Categories
462:References
263:Later life
212:John Smyth
100:Early life
72:of 1782.
51:Lord North
350:John Jebb
342:Tom Paine
336:, Bishop
314:Lansdowne
125:Yorkshire
106:Edinburgh
55:patronage
621:(1849).
200:John Lee
82:proposal
34:reformer
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279:in the
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478:Notes
295:Works
134:Essex
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