699:
for typically 11.5 months. Sloths do not tend to have one life long breeding partner. When the females are ready to mate, they let out a loud scream which attracts the males; if numerous males are ready to mate, they fight each other; after done mating, the male will usually leave. One factor that might explain this difference is that in some places, female sloths congregate around small, heterogeneously distributed habitats, allowing dominant males to gain mating access with multiple females with relatively little risk and effort. The female is the one who solely takes care of the baby sloth until they are independent and do not need the mother anymore. For the first 6–9 months of birth, mother sloth is carrying the baby and nurturing it until they are capable of being on their own. Sloths are sexually matured by the age 3 and are ready to start reproducing of their own.
493:
600:
711:. Their body temperature ranges 86–93 °F (30–34 °C), which, compared to other mammals, is on the cold side. Having these low temperatures helps the sloths conserve their energy. Sloths' fur is grown specifically for a job which is to grow algae. The algae grow within their hair shaft and benefits the creatures' camouflaging techniques. The hair grows in a special system of being parted along the stomach and flows from belly to back; this is useful for when sloths are hanging upside down and the rainwater can run off.
588:
300:
544:
chemical communication between individuals; 4) pick up trace nutrients in their claws, that are then ingested and 5) favor a mutualistic relationship with populations of fur moths. More recently, a new hypothesis has emerged, which presents evidence against the previous ones and proposes that all current sloths are descendants from species that defecated on the ground, and there simply has not been enough selective pressure to abandon this behavior, since cases of predation during defecation are actually very rare.
86:
571:. If threatened, sloths can defend themselves by slashing out at a predator with their huge claws or biting with their canines. However, a sloth's main defense is to avoid being attacked in the first place. The two-toed sloth can survive wounds that would be fatal to another mammal its size. The sloth's slow, deliberate movements and algae-covered fur make them difficult for predators to spot from a distance. Their treetop homes are also out of reach for many larger predators.
61:
42:
221:
636:
308:
found in the same geographic areas, include the longer snout, separate rather than partially fused toes of the forefeet, the absence of hair on the soles of the feet, and larger overall size. The wrist of the sloth has developed some specific traits due to their slow, yet acrobatic motions. These evolved traits include diminution and distal migration of the
207:
540:
usually do about once every three to eight days. They will also ground themselves to urinate, change trees if they wish, or mate, as well as give birth. While terrestrial locomotion is usually thought to involve the sloth lying on the ground and pulling themselves forward, they have actually been seen walking on their palms and soles.
400:
the sheltering treetops. Most of the two-toed sloths activity takes place hanging upside down but when it comes time for urination and defecation they make their way to the ground. These creatures also come to the ground when in need of a new tree to live upon or to discover a new food source.
698:
The reproduction process of the two-toed sloths has some differences when compared to the three-toed sloths. Two toed sloths tend to mate all year around; they do not really go by a schedule. Typically, mating occurs during the rainy season and birth during the dry season. The female carries the baby
342:
Adults range from 54 to 72 cm (21 to 28 in) in head-body length, and weigh from 2.1 to 9 kg (4.6 to 19.8 lb). Although they do have stubby tails, just 1.5 to 3 cm (0.59 to 1.18 in) long, this is too short to be visible through the long fur. The claws are 5 to 6.5 cm
578:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth inhabits a range of different trees within its habitat, although it seems to prefer those with plentiful lianas and direct sunlight. They have a typical home range of about 2 to 4 ha (4.9 to 9.9 acres), and may spend most of their lives travelling between just 25 or so
543:
Sloths descend about once every eight days to defecate on the ground. The reason and mechanism behind this behavior have long been debated among scientists. There are at least five hypotheses: 1) fertilize trees when feces are deposited at the base of the tree; 2) cover feces and avoid predation; 3)
539:
action, and sloths are found still hanging from trees after they die. The sloth spends almost its entire life, including eating, sleeping, mating, and giving birth, hanging upside down from tree branches. Usually, sloths are found right side up when they descend to the ground to defecate, which they
527:
The name "sloth" means "lazy", but the slow movements of this animal are actually an adaptation for surviving on a low-energy diet of leaves. These sloths have half the metabolic rate of a typical mammal of the same size. Despite their low metabolic rates, two-toed sloths physiologically respond to
307:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth is a heavily built animal with shaggy fur and slow, deliberate movements. The fore feet have only two toes, each ending with long, curved claws, although three clawed toes are on each of the hind feet. Other features that distinguish it from three-toed sloths, which may be
399:
sequences, a divergence date of about 7 million years between these populations has been suggested. Two-toed sloths live in the canopies in the forests of the tropical rainforests. They usually tend to be relaxing in the branches of the trees that are intertwined within each other throughout
643:
Though two-toed sloths also eat buds, tender twigs, young plant shoots, fruits and flowers, most of their diets consist of tree leaves. They use their lips to tear off their food and chew with their peg-like teeth which have no enamel and are always growing. Additionally, they have been observed
224:
223:
229:
227:
222:
620:, already possessing long claws and able to cling to their mothers' undersides. They begin to take solid food at 15 to 27 days, and are fully weaned by 9 weeks. Although relatively quiet as adults, young sloths make loud bleating alarm calls if separated from their mothers.
228:
677:
in their fibre-rich diets, while only the third chamber contains digestive glands typical of the stomachs of most other mammals. A sloth may take up to a month to completely digest a meal, and up to two-thirds of a sloth's weight may be the leaves in its digestive system.
524:. They move only very slowly, typically at around 0.14 m/s (0.46 ft/s), although they can move up to 50% faster when excited. They are solitary in the wild, and, aside from mothers with young, it is unusual for two to be found in a tree at the same time.
623:
In captivity, the two-toed sloth was seen giving birth by hanging upside down and attempting to pull the infant between her hind limbs and onto her abdomen. Other sloths were seen hanging under the mother and infant to protect the infant from falling.
226:
343:(2.0 to 2.6 in) long. Females are larger on average than males, although with considerable overlap in size. Their fur is tan to light brown in colour, being lighter on the face, but usually has a greenish tinge because of the presence of
370:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth inhabits tropical forests from sea level to 3,300 m (10,800 ft) above sea level. It is found in the rainforest canopy in two separate regions of
Central and South America, separated by the
689:
is probably causing a decrease in the wild
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth population, but little reliable data is available on the number of wild individuals. Sloths and people have little contact with one another in the wild.
615:
lasts between 355 and 377 days, and results in the birth of a single young. The birth takes place on either the ground or in the hanging position. Newborn sloths weigh 340 to 454 g (12.0 to 16.0 oz), and are
531:
This species often exhibits exaggerated wobbling of the head. Another trait of this sloth is it often spits when the mouth opens. The saliva often accumulates on the lower lip, giving the creature a comical appearance.
511:
indicated that the
Hoffmann's two-toed sloths there were almost exclusively nocturnal, even though in other locations they are known to be active during day. The authors attributed this in part to competition with the
574:
Their long, coarse fur also protects them from sun and rain. Their fur, unlike other mammals, flows from belly to top, not top to belly, allowing rainwater to slide off the fur while the animal is hanging upside down.
1628:
528:
hypoxia and hypercapnia similarly to other mammals with higher metabolic rates. Sloths have very poor eyesight and hearing, and rely almost entirely on their senses of touch and smell to find food.
225:
1489:
327:, which it closely resembles. The primary physical differences between the two species relate to subtle skeletal features; for example, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth has three
1527:
GĂłmez-Hoyos, Diego A.; González-Maya, JosĂ© F.; Pacheco, JesĂşs; Seisdedos-Vergara, RocĂo; Barrio-AmorĂłs, CĂ©sar L.; Ceballos, Gerardo (2017-12-01). "Mineral-Lick Use By
1098:
Sunquist, M. E.; Montgomery, G. G. (1973). "Activity
Patterns and Rates of Movement of Two-Toed and Three-Toed Sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus infuscatus)".
1815:"Immobilization of free-ranging Hoffmann's two-toed and brown-throated three-toed sloths using ketamine and medetomidine: a comparison of physiological parameters"
1275:
Pauli, J. N., Mendoza, J. E., Steffan, S. A., Carey, C. C., Weimer, P. J., & Peery, M. Z. (2014). A syndrome of mutualism reinforces the lifestyle of a sloth.
931:
2384:
2449:
2423:
1308:
Voirin, B., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., & Lowman, M. (2013). Why Do Sloths Poop on the Ground? In M. Lowman, S. Devy, & T. Ganesh (eds).
1454:
Taube, Erica; Keravec, Joël; Vié, Jean-Christophe; Duplantier, Jean-Marc (2001). "Reproductive biology and postnatal development in sloths,
2516:
627:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloths reach sexual maturity at two to four years of age and have been reported to live up to 43 years in captivity.
1191:
Mendel, Frank C. (1981). "Use of Hands and Feet of Two-Toed Sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) during
Climbing and Terrestrial Locomotion".
1066:
879:
Mendel, Frank C (December 1979). "The wrist joint of two-toed sloths and its relevance to brachiating adaptations in the hominoidea".
507:
Two-toed sloths spend most of their time in trees, though they may travel on the ground to move to a new tree. A study of sloths on
2358:
2397:
2571:
2441:
1766:
746:
2402:
1225:
Montgomery, G. G., & Sunquist, M. E. (1975). Impact of Sloths on
Neotropical Forest Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling.
2541:
332:
17:
2566:
1784:
Peery, Zachariah; Pauli, Jonathan (September 2012). "The mating system of a 'lazy' mammal, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth".
1386:"Foraging Ecology of Reintroduced Captive-Bred Subadult Harpy Eagles (Harpia Harpyja) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama"
2493:
991:"Sloth biology: an update on their physiological ecology, behavior and role as vectors of arthropods and arboviruses"
728:
1899:
967:
316:; reduction of the distal end of the ulna to a styloid process; and extremely reduced contact between the ulna and
2454:
535:
Two-toed sloths hang from tree branches, suspended by their huge, hook-like claws. The clinging behaviour is a
396:
2561:
2556:
2297:
2536:
2073:
611:
Courtship consists of the female licking the male's face and rubbing her genitals against the male's body.
592:
324:
2546:
2526:
2436:
2324:
2319:
1758:
2531:
288:
1710:
Peery, M. Z.; Pauli, J. N. (2012). "The mating system of a "lazy" mammal, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth".
85:
2551:
1629:"Vitamin D Status of Indoor-Housed Hoffmann's Two-Toed Sloths (Choloepus Hoffmanni): A Pilot Study"
799:
2467:
1321:
Monge Nájera, J. (2021). Why sloths defecate on the ground: rejection of the mutualistic model.
659:
through skin contact with sunlight. They make up for this lack of synthesis through their diet.
2389:
2259:
2001:
1627:
Hopf, Cynthia R.; Scanlon, Lisa M.; Makowski, Andrew J.; Childs-Sanford, Sara E. (2021-09-28).
2462:
508:
180:
2311:
1686:
1507:
2488:
2345:
2306:
2028:
1892:
1574:
Jimenez, Isabel A.; Makowski, Andrew J.; Scanlon, Lisa M.; Childs-Sanford, Sara E. (2022).
1512:
1074:
943:
736:
652:
513:
2415:
1032:"Genetic diversity in Xenarthra and its relevance to patterns of neotropical biodiversity"
8:
2019:
1871:
1855:
1255:
Liberg, O. (1980). Spacing patterns in a population of rural free roaming domestic cats.
686:
492:
50:
947:
1801:
1727:
1664:
1556:
1208:
1115:
959:
904:
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359:
80:
1865:
1142:
587:
2332:
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2219:
2210:
1836:
1772:
1762:
1668:
1656:
1648:
1609:
1601:
1548:
1475:
1433:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1143:"Ventilatory responses to CO2, and hypoxia in the two-toed sloth Choloepus Hoffmanni"
1123:
1012:
896:
752:
742:
336:
1877:
1805:
1731:
1560:
1428:
1411:
1007:
990:
908:
776:
468:
2337:
1984:
1974:
1826:
1793:
1748:
1719:
1640:
1591:
1540:
1531:(Pilosa: Megalonychidae) At Las Cruces Biological Station, Coto Brus, Costa Rica".
1471:
1423:
1364:
1200:
1154:
1107:
1043:
1002:
955:
951:
921:"Morphological and molecular analysis of vertebral variants in the two-toed sloths
888:
859:
794:
520:
for about eight hours each night, and spend much of the day sleeping in tangles of
441:
206:
1797:
1723:
299:
2521:
2480:
2159:
1885:
1752:
1576:"Cutaneous concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol in Hoffmann's two-toed sloths (
517:
317:
264:
2428:
1526:
1462:: review with original data from the field (French Guiana) and from captivity".
2282:
2178:
2169:
2141:
2132:
2056:
2046:
1831:
1814:
1544:
421:
323:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth is, however, much easier to confuse with the related
196:
157:
147:
1813:
Hanley, Christopher S.; Siudak-Campfield, Joanna; Paul-Murphy, Joanne (2008).
1369:
1340:
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70:
65:
1776:
892:
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1840:
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1613:
1437:
1016:
900:
708:
645:
272:
1174:
1127:
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2010:
560:
963:
2363:
1212:
1119:
500:
427:
280:
1644:
1596:
1575:
1292:
Chiarello, A. G. (2008). Sloth ecology: an overview of field studies.
2376:
1946:
674:
667:
656:
617:
612:
351:
284:
97:
2253:
1573:
1339:
Moreno, Ricardo S.; Kays, Roland W.; Samudio, Rafael (August 2006).
1204:
1111:
666:, sloths have three-chambered stomachs. The first two chambers hold
335:
space, rather than just two, and often – but not always – has fewer
2276:
2193:
2110:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1385:
670:
663:
568:
447:
376:
328:
276:
234:
117:
1384:
Touchton, Janeene M.; Palleroni, Yu-Cheng Hsu and
Alberto (2002).
1238:
Bailey, T. N. (1974). Social organization in a bobcat population.
864:
843:
1859:
1812:
1626:
738:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
392:
380:
355:
256:
2350:
1909:
1410:
Gilmore, D.P.; Da-Costa, C.P.; Duarte, D.P.F. (February 2000).
564:
556:
552:
548:
536:
431:
388:
137:
127:
107:
41:
1061:
1059:
989:
Gilmore, D.P.; Da Costa, C.P.; Duarte, D.P.F. (January 2001).
770:
768:
766:
2475:
1962:
741:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 101.
521:
372:
344:
260:
1030:
Moraes-Barros, Nadia; Arteaga, Maria Clara (3 August 2015).
603:
Young sloth being raised in a wildlife rescue centre on the
1412:"An update on the physiology of two- and three-toed sloths"
1056:
763:
384:
313:
1982:
635:
2054:
1453:
655:, it is believed that two-toed sloths cannot synthesize
1277:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
774:
27:
Species of mammals related to anteaters and armadillos
1907:
1409:
1405:
1403:
988:
287:. The common name commemorates the German naturalist
1416:
Brazilian
Journal of Medical and Biological Research
1029:
995:
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
648:, which can provide them with essential nutrients.
1490:"Adelaide Zoo's sloth dies, last one in Australia"
1400:
1097:
1687:"Choloepus hoffmanni (Hoffmann's two-toed sloth)"
1680:
1678:
1508:"Choloepus hoffmanni (Hoffmann's two-toed sloth)"
1383:
1338:
2508:
1023:
233:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth climbing in a cage at
1186:
1184:
1675:
837:
1893:
1754:Neotropical rainforest mammals. A field guide
1283:(1778), 20133006. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3006
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
800:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T4778A47439751.en
1449:
1447:
1377:
1181:
2108:
841:
365:
1900:
1886:
1783:
1747:
1709:
1684:
1332:
1140:
1093:
1091:
982:
814:
547:Sloths have many predators, including the
205:
59:
40:
1830:
1595:
1444:
1427:
1368:
1341:"Competitive release in diets of ocelot (
1047:
1006:
915:
863:
798:
1229:, 69–98. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-88533-4_7
634:
598:
586:
491:
298:
219:
2130:
1088:
726:
473:– Brazil, Bolivia, extreme eastern Peru
383:in the south, and the other in eastern
375:. One population is found from eastern
14:
2509:
1312:(pp. 195-199). Springer, New York, NY.
1190:
1141:Hill, N.; Tenney, S. M. (1974-12-01).
878:
681:
516:. They often move slowly through the
279:animal, found in mature and secondary
2258:
2257:
1960:
1881:
1304:
1302:
1271:
1269:
1633:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
303:Skull of a Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
2517:IUCN Red List least concern species
786:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
720:
651:Due to their low concentrations of
24:
1741:
1299:
1266:
1240:The Journal of Wildlife Management
936:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
408:The five recognised subspecies of
312:, with a loss of contact with the
25:
2583:
1848:
775:Plese, T.; Chiarello, A. (2014).
331:in the upper forward part of the
1476:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2001.00085.x
214:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth range
84:
1751:; Feer, François (1997-09-02).
1703:
1620:
1567:
1520:
1500:
1482:
1429:10.1590/S0100-879X2000000200001
1315:
1286:
1249:
1232:
1219:
1134:
1008:10.1590/s0100-879x2001000100002
942:(3): 1–182. 12 September 2007.
693:
582:
956:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458
872:
397:cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
294:
13:
1:
1798:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.06.007
1724:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.06.007
714:
702:
403:
2572:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
1819:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1294:The biology of the Xenarthra
1159:10.1016/0034-5687(74)90080-2
593:Manuel Antonio National Park
271:. It is a solitary, largely
7:
2083:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (
2074:Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (
1759:University of Chicago Press
1533:The Southwestern Naturalist
662:Although they are not true
487:
10:
2588:
2542:Mammals of Central America
1832:10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.938
1545:10.1894/0038-4909-62.4.278
1067:"Hoffman's Two-Toed Sloth"
35:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
2567:Mammals described in 1858
2266:
2240:
2191:
2167:
2158:
2121:
2107:
2103:
2045:
1973:
1959:
1955:
1917:
1757:(2nd ed.). Chicago:
1370:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-360R2.1
848:(Pilosa: Megalonychidae)"
325:Linnaeus's two-toed sloth
243:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
213:
204:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2002:Pygmy three-toed sloth (
735:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
673:to help them digest the
379:in the north to western
366:Distribution and habitat
1870:genome assembly in the
1685:Apostolopoulos, Vicky.
1390:Ornitologia Neotropical
893:10.1002/jmor.1051620308
727:Gardner, A. L. (2005).
707:Sloths are known to be
639:Suspended from a branch
630:
426:– Honduras, Nicaragua,
253:northern two-toed sloth
2029:Brown-throated sloth (
1147:Respiration Physiology
1049:10.1093/jmammal/gyv077
640:
608:
596:
504:
304:
238:
2463:Paleobiology Database
2020:Pale-throated sloth (
1323:UNED Research Journal
932:"Abstracts of Papers"
881:Journal of Morphology
638:
602:
590:
509:Barro Colorado Island
495:
446:– Venezuela, western
347:living in the hairs.
302:
251:), also known as the
232:
2562:Mammals of the Andes
2557:Mammals of Venezuela
1691:Animal Diversity Web
1513:Animal Diversity Web
1357:Journal of Mammalogy
1193:Journal of Mammalogy
1100:Journal of Mammalogy
1036:Journal of Mammalogy
970:on 23 September 2019
927:Choloepus didactylus
842:Hayssen, V. (2011).
793:: e.T4778A47439751.
653:7-dehydrocholesterol
514:brown-throated sloth
2537:Mammals of Colombia
2312:Choloepus_hoffmanni
2298:Choloepus hoffmanni
2268:Choloepus hoffmanni
2220:Southern tamandua (
2211:Northern tamandua (
1992:(Three-toed sloths)
1912:species by suborder
1872:UCSC Genome Browser
1578:Choloepus hoffmanni
1529:Choloepus hoffmanni
948:2007JVPal..27S...1.
923:Choloepus hoffmanni
846:Choloepus hoffmanni
779:Choloepus hoffmanni
687:Habitat destruction
682:Conservation status
248:Choloepus hoffmanni
190:Choloepus hoffmanni
51:Conservation status
18:Choloepus hoffmanni
2547:Mammals of Ecuador
2527:Mammals of Bolivia
1761:. pp. 44–45.
1580:) in managed care"
1343:Leopardus pardalis
1227:Ecological Studies
1071:www.macalester.edu
641:
609:
597:
505:
450:, northern Ecuador
337:cervical vertebrae
305:
239:
2532:Mammals of Brazil
2504:
2503:
2260:Taxon identifiers
2251:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2204:
2154:
2153:
2114:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2067:
2064:(Two-toed sloths)
2041:
2040:
1995:
1966:
1768:978-0-226-20721-6
1749:Emmons, Louise H.
1645:10.1638/2020-0209
1597:10.1002/zoo.21643
852:Mammalian Species
748:978-0-8018-8221-0
482:
472:
460:– western Ecuador
459:
445:
425:
285:deciduous forests
230:
218:
217:
172:C. hoffmanni
74:
16:(Redirected from
2579:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2471:
2470:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2444:
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2286:
2285:
2255:
2254:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2179:Giant anteater (
2165:
2164:
2142:Silky anteater (
2128:
2127:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2051:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1844:
1834:
1809:
1786:Animal Behaviour
1780:
1736:
1735:
1712:Animal Behaviour
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1639:(3): 1030–1035.
1624:
1618:
1617:
1599:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1470:(3–4): 173–188.
1451:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1349:) after jaguar (
1336:
1330:
1319:
1313:
1310:Treetops at Risk
1306:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1273:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1073:. Archived from
1063:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1010:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
966:. Archived from
919:
913:
912:
876:
870:
869:
867:
839:
812:
811:
809:
807:
802:
772:
761:
760:
724:
480:
477:C. h. pallescens
467:
457:
440:
420:
231:
209:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2552:Mammals of Peru
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2262:
2252:
2247:
2228:
2222:T. tetradactyla
2200:
2199:
2197:
2187:
2160:Myrmecophagidae
2150:
2117:
2091:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2037:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1969:
1951:
1913:
1906:
1851:
1769:
1744:
1742:Further reading
1739:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1683:
1676:
1625:
1621:
1572:
1568:
1525:
1521:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1452:
1445:
1408:
1401:
1382:
1378:
1337:
1333:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1274:
1267:
1254:
1250:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1205:10.2307/1380728
1189:
1182:
1139:
1135:
1112:10.2307/1379088
1096:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1028:
1024:
987:
983:
973:
971:
930:
920:
916:
877:
873:
840:
815:
805:
803:
773:
764:
749:
725:
721:
717:
705:
696:
684:
633:
585:
497:C. h. hoffmanni
490:
454:C. h. capitalis
437:C. h. agustinus
417:C. h. hoffmanni
406:
391:, and northern
368:
318:triquetral bone
297:
220:
200:
194:
188:
175:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2485:
2472:
2459:
2446:
2433:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2342:
2329:
2316:
2303:
2288:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2022:B. tridactylus
2017:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1862:
1850:
1849:External links
1847:
1846:
1845:
1825:(4): 938–945.
1810:
1792:(3): 555–562.
1781:
1767:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1718:(3): 555–562.
1702:
1674:
1619:
1566:
1539:(4): 278–280.
1519:
1499:
1496:. 5 June 2017.
1494:The Advertiser
1481:
1443:
1422:(2): 129–146.
1399:
1376:
1363:(4): 808–816.
1331:
1314:
1298:
1285:
1265:
1248:
1231:
1218:
1199:(2): 413–421.
1180:
1153:(3): 311–323.
1133:
1106:(4): 946–954.
1087:
1055:
1042:(4): 690–702.
1022:
981:
929:", p. 113A in
914:
887:(3): 413–424.
871:
813:
762:
747:
729:"Order Pilosa"
718:
716:
713:
704:
701:
695:
692:
683:
680:
632:
629:
584:
581:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:Lönnberg, 1928
474:
464:C. h. juruanus
461:
451:
434:
405:
402:
367:
364:
333:interpterygoid
296:
293:
216:
215:
211:
210:
202:
201:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2584:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2181:M. tridactyla
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2144:C. didactylus
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:C. didactylus
2072:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Choloepodidae
2044:
2034:
2032:
2031:B. variegatus
2027:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2011:Maned sloth (
2009:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:Mammal Review
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1396:(4): 365–380.
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1351:Panthera onca
1348:
1347:Puma concolor
1344:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1077:on 2021-04-28
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
924:
918:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
866:
865:10.1644/873.1
861:
857:
853:
849:
847:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
801:
796:
792:
788:
787:
782:
780:
771:
769:
767:
758:
754:
750:
744:
740:
739:
734:
733:Wilson, D. E.
730:
723:
719:
712:
710:
709:heterothermic
700:
691:
688:
679:
676:
672:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
649:
647:
646:mineral licks
637:
628:
625:
621:
619:
614:
606:
605:Gulf of Dulce
601:
594:
589:
580:
576:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
538:
533:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
510:
502:
498:
494:
478:
475:
470:
465:
462:
455:
452:
449:
443:
438:
435:
433:
429:
423:
418:
415:
414:
413:
411:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
363:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
310:pisiform bone
301:
292:
290:
289:Karl Hoffmann
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:South America
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
236:
212:
208:
203:
198:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:Choloepodidae
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2267:
2242:
2221:
2212:
2192:
2180:
2170:Myrmecophaga
2168:
2143:
2131:
2123:Cyclopedidae
2111:Vermilingua
2109:
2085:C. hoffmanni
2084:
2082:
2075:
2055:
2030:
2021:
2013:B. torquatus
2012:
2003:
1983:
1975:Bradypodidae
1961:
1866:
1856:sloth genome
1822:
1818:
1789:
1785:
1753:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1590:(1): 20–25.
1587:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1419:
1415:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1345:) and puma (
1342:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1263:(3),336-349.
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:(3),435-446.
1243:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1196:
1192:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1103:
1099:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1070:
1039:
1035:
1025:
998:
994:
984:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
939:
935:
926:
922:
917:
884:
880:
874:
858:(1): 37–55.
855:
851:
845:
804:. Retrieved
790:
784:
778:
737:
722:
706:
697:
694:Reproduction
685:
661:
650:
642:
626:
622:
610:
607:, Costa Rica
595:, Costa Rica
583:Life history
577:
573:
561:harpy eagles
546:
542:
534:
530:
526:
506:
496:
476:
463:
453:
436:
416:
410:C. hoffmanni
409:
407:
369:
358:= 49–51 and
349:
341:
322:
306:
252:
247:
246:
242:
240:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
2372:iNaturalist
2292:Wikispecies
2213:T. mexicana
2201:(Tamanduas)
2113:(Anteaters)
2004:B. pygmaeus
1945:Superorder
1939:Infraclass
1584:Zoo Biology
1001:(1): 9–25.
974:25 November
806:19 November
458:Allen, 1913
395:. Based on
295:Description
281:rainforests
2511:Categories
1696:2019-02-26
1353:) decline"
1296:, 269-280.
1081:2019-02-26
715:References
703:Adaptation
501:Monteverde
499:, high in
428:Costa Rica
404:Subspecies
387:, western
2057:Choloepus
1963:Folivora
1947:Xenarthra
1864:View the
1854:View the
1669:238205917
1653:1042-7260
1606:0733-3188
1553:0038-4909
1460:Choloepus
1329:(1), 4-4.
1167:0034-5687
675:cellulose
668:symbiotic
664:ruminants
657:vitamin D
618:precocial
613:Gestation
569:anacondas
352:karyotype
273:nocturnal
166:Species:
159:Choloepus
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2476:Species+
2442:11800019
2390:10228361
2283:Q1052814
2277:Wikidata
2244:Category
2194:Tamandua
2133:Cyclopes
1985:Bradypus
1965:(Sloths)
1941:Eutheria
1935:Mammalia
1929:Chordata
1923:Animalia
1921:Kingdom
1841:18957650
1806:11894618
1777:44179508
1732:11894618
1661:34687521
1614:34329484
1561:92499258
1456:Bradypus
1438:10657054
1017:11151024
964:30126393
909:52272815
901:30213156
757:62265494
671:bacteria
488:Behavior
469:Lönnberg
448:Colombia
377:Honduras
329:foramina
277:arboreal
235:Ueno Zoo
144:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2429:1000434
2364:5219520
1927:Phylum
1908:Extant
1867:choHof1
1860:Ensembl
1213:1380728
1175:4475470
1128:4761371
1120:1379088
944:Bibcode
579:trees.
565:margays
557:ocelots
553:cougars
549:jaguars
393:Bolivia
381:Ecuador
265:Central
257:species
255:, is a
237:(video)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2522:Sloths
2468:235353
2403:624909
2351:328522
2325:716993
1933:Class
1910:Pilosa
1839:
1804:
1775:
1765:
1730:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1612:
1604:
1559:
1551:
1436:
1211:
1173:
1165:
1126:
1118:
1015:
962:
907:
899:
755:
745:
644:using
567:, and
537:reflex
522:lianas
518:canopy
503:canopy
483:– Peru
471:, 1942
444:, 1913
432:Panama
424:, 1858
422:Peters
389:Brazil
362:= 61.
199:, 1858
197:Peters
138:Pilosa
2481:11129
2385:IRMNG
2377:47101
2338:5XYGX
1802:S2CID
1728:S2CID
1665:S2CID
1557:S2CID
1257:Oikos
1209:JSTOR
1116:JSTOR
960:JSTOR
905:S2CID
731:. In
442:Allen
412:are:
373:Andes
345:algae
263:from
261:sloth
2494:4200
2455:9358
2450:NCBI
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