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714:, in which Sweden pledged to cease its support of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. Duke Charles Frederick opposed the treaty, made by a Swedish government which he regarded as rebellious against his own right to the Swedish succession; the treaty also made virtually impossible the regaining of his lost ducal share in the northern duchy of Schleswig. (This was to be a motivation for his son Peter in 1762, upon his Russian accession, to start preparations for the use of Russian troops to reconquer the lost lands from Denmark-Norway.)
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562:. His mother became his regent, and they continued to reside in Stockholm. Actual daily co-rule in the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein was left to administrators. His mother is said to have raised him tenderly but firmly, but she died in 1708, when Charles Frederick was only eight years old. He was then placed in the care of his great-grandmother (his mother's paternal grandmother), Queen Dowager
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710:, as the Gottorp ducal share in the duchies of German Holstein and Danish Schleswig had been occupied by Denmark since 1713. Having lost the title as duke of Schleswig, succeeded to have the occupation of the ducal share in German Holstein removed by application to his Holstein liege lord, the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1720, Sweden and Denmark-Norway concluded the
770:. His prime concern was to secure his son's succession to the Russian throne. He did support his followers in Sweden also, but did not pay much attention to Holstein-Gottorp. Before a member of the family of Holstein-Gottorp was to sit on either the Swedish or the Russian throne, Duke Charles Frederick died in 1739 in Rohlfshagen, today part of the town of
736:(who would later become Empress Catherine I of Russia). As Charles was the Swedish heir, Peter saw the marriage as politically useful. Charles Frederick was officially engaged to Anna by Tsar Peter. After the death of Peter in 1725, he was given a place in the council, his own court, palace and income by
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to greet her as queen. He asked to be granted the title Royal
Highness and to be recognised as her heir, but when her husband instead was given the title, he left Sweden in 1719. In 1723, he was granted the title Royal Highness in his absence, but his pro-Russian policy made him impossible as heir to
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Charles
Frederick met his uncle Charles XII for the first time in 1716. He was declared of legal majority in 1717, and was then given some military responsibility. Charles Frederick was in a tense relationship to his aunt Ulrika Eleonora, whose followers pointed him out to be too rude and arrogant
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in Sweden continued to advance
Charles Frederick's claims. The party made preparations and awaited the childless Ulrika Eleonora's death, but Charles Frederick died before his aunt and left his claims to his infant son. By this time however, Sweden had enacted new laws of succession which
1307:
Lundh-Eriksson, Nanna (Swedish): Den glömda drottningen. Karl XII:s syster. Ulrika
Eleonora D.Y. och hennes tid (The Forgotten Queen. The Sister of Charles XII. The Age of Ulrika Eleonora the Younger) Affärstryckeriet, Norrtälje.
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in Sweden, which his grandfather King
Charles XI had created, made that marriage clause irrelevant. Upon the news of the death of his uncle, he was reportedly too grief-stricken to take any action. Ulrika Eleonora's husband
566:, who reportedly spoiled him terribly, resulting in making him passive and indolent. His mother, and later Hedwig Eleonora, both supported and worked for his right to be considered heir of Sweden after his childless uncle.
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Charles
Frederick, then commander of the palace guard in St. Petersburg, attempted to secure his wife's succession to the Russian throne upon the death in 1727 of her mother, the Empress
638:, however, who was also present with him in Tistedalen, rushed to assist her in claiming the throne. When Charles Frederick was confronted with Ulrika Eleonora, he was forced by
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and Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and an important member of European royalty. His dynasty, the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, were a cadet branch of the ancient
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politics, because at that time, Russia and Sweden had a strained relationship. The exclusion of
Charles Frederick and his progeny from the Swedish succession avoided the
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of his maternal uncle and second cousin, Charles XII of Sweden, Duke
Charles Frederick was presented as claimant to the throne. However, his aunt
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759:(who - as Duke of Holstein-Gottorp - succeeded in the ducal share of Holstein in 1739), eventually became Russian tsar in 1762, as Peter III.
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The question then became who was to become the next king of Sweden after the death of the childless incumbent. The so-called "
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Charles Frederick withdrew from Sweden, eventually settling in Russia, where in May 1725 he married
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Charles Frederick with the ducal title in Schleswig in 1702, officially withdrew this
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and in lack of any sense of responsibility to be a suitable heir to the throne.
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of Sweden and Russia, because Charles Frederick's only child would become Tsar
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specifically excluded Charles Frederick and his heirs because of their
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Charles Frederick's parents had been offered refuge by maternal uncle,
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Since his guardians sided with Sweden against Denmark-Norway in the
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and the patrilineal ancestor of all Russian emperors starting with
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Ancestors of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
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Portrait of Charles Frederick from the early 1720s by
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Karl Friedrich, Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
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Charles Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
185:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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103:"Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp"
1340:Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
92:introducing citations to additional sources
1019:Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
841:Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
471:. Charles Frederick married a daughter of
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16:Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from 1702 to 1739
774:. His grave is in the Cloister Church at
263:Learn how and when to remove this message
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
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82:Relevant discussion may be found on the
815:Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
747:Charles Frederick's grave at Bordesholm
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391: 1725; died 1728)
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