1229:
779:, contrary to the name established in the Iraqi constitution. We call upon our daughters and sons to reject these labels, to adhere to their Chaldean identity without fanaticism, and to respect the other names such as âAssyriansâ, âSyriacsâ, and âArameansâ. We call upon the authorities in the region to respect them, and we encourage our Chaldeans to cooperate with everyone for the common good and not to split into unidentified groups or follow illusory projects that harm Christians. We also encourage them to engage in public affairs and in the political process as genuine partners of this blessed land, and to play their role alongside their fellow citizens in building a modern and strong civil country that befits their country's civilization and glory, a country that respects the rights and equality of all. We also express our support for the Chaldean League which seeks to establish links between the Chaldeans around the world."
703:
6349:
1073:
1296:
6821:
342:
322:
6810:
302:
5430:
6832:
5440:
4253:
7734:
6146:
235:
175:
253:
926:
4310:
271:
217:
81:
746:â ⊠When a portion of the Church of the East became Catholic in the 17th Century, the name given was âChaldeanâ based on the Magi kings who were believed by some to have come from what once had been the land of the Chaldean, to Bethlehem. The name âChaldeanâ does not represent an ethnicity, just a church⊠We have to separate what is ethnicity and what is religion⊠I myself, my sect is Chaldean, but ethnically, I am
5450:
5460:
7722:
120:
1287:, in Chaldean dioceses in Iraq there were 150,000 Catholics in the Archdiocese of Baghdad (2015), 30,000 in the Archeparchy of Arbil (2012), 22,300 in the Diocese of Alqosh (2012), 18,800 in the Diocese of Amadiyah and Zakho (2015), 14,100 in the Archeparchy of Mosul (2013), 7,831 in the Archdiocese of Kirkuk (2013), 1,372 in Diocese of AqrÄ (2012), 800 in Archeparchy of Basra (2015),
1415:
majority of Iraq's estimated 700,000 Christians, but all Iraqi
Christians were under attack by Sunni extremists in the wake of the 2003 Gulf War invasion and it was estimated that 60,000 Christians had by then fled the country. Perhaps the best known Iraqi Chaldean Catholic was Deputy Prime Minister (1979â2003) and Foreign Minister (1983â1991)
1189:(from the 25th century BC until the 7th century AD). Chaldean Catholics largely bear the same family and personal names, share the same genetic profile, hail from the same villages, towns and cities in northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria and northwestern Iran, as their neighbours of other religious denominations. The
1220:. Throughout the 19th century it continued to be used of East Syriac Christians, whether "Nestorian" or Catholic, and this usage continued into the 20th century. In 1852 George Percy Badger distinguished those whom he called Chaldeans from those whom he called Nestorians, but by religion alone, never by language, race or nationality.
724:" and "sought to control the discourse on nomenclature among the Christian communities utilising 'Assyrian' as a suitable title for all Christians so that the supposed link to the Assyrian people of the ancient world could be maintained and give credence to their agitation for an independent state". The
1414:
In 2016, Chaldean
Catholics numbered approximately 400,000 of Iraq's Christians, with smaller numbers found among Christian communities of northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Georgia and Armenia. In 2008, Catholics were still about 550,000, forming the
3059:
The
Nestorians and Their Rituals: With the Narrative of a Mission to Mesopotamia and Coordistan in 1842-1844, and of a Late Visit to Those Countries in 1850: Also, Researches Into the Present Condition of the Syrian Jacobites, Papal Syrians, and Chaldeans, and an Inquiry Into the Religious Tenets of
1271:
were of that Church. In its own 2018 Report on
Religious Freedom, the U.S. Department of State put the Chaldean Catholics at approximately 67% of the Christians in Iraq. The 2019 Country Guidance on Iraq of the European Asylum Support Office gave the same information as the U.S. Department of State.
3157:
The
Assyrians, although closely assiociated with their Christian religion, are divided among a number of Christian sects. The largest denominations are the Chaldean Catholic Church with about 45% of the Assyrian population, the Syriac Orthodox with 26%, the Assyrian Church of the East with 19%, the
2532:
The
Chaldean Catholic Church is a uniate descendant of the ancient (Assyrian) Apostolic Church of the East (sometimes called Nestorian). Its members still preserve the use of Syriac (Eastern Aramaic) as their liturgical language. It was established in 1551, and its patriarch is resident in Baghdad.
1410:
Chaldean
Catholic from northwestern Iran. He popularized the ancient chronicles, the lives of Assyrian saints and martyrs, and even works of the ancient Assyrian doctors among Assyrians of all denominations, including Chaldean Catholics, Syriac Orthodox, Assyrian Church of the East and Assyrian
642:, the Catholic Church called them, as before, Chaldeans, prohibiting the use for them of the description "Nestorians", reserving the latter term for followers of the Church of the East who were not in communion. The name "Chaldean" applied to both branches, and is still in use for the
766:
In 2017, the
Chaldean Catholic Church issued an official statement of its Synod of Bishops, the body that is exclusively competent to make laws for the entire church and that is its tribunal, It said it sets store on the distinct Chaldean identity, which is recognized in the
1049:
A small number of
Chaldean Catholic families live in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Occasionally the Chaldean Patriarchate has tried to administer them through the Chaldean street residence of a currently vacant Chaldean Patriarchal Exarch in Jerusalem.
2533:
The community in the Holy Land numbers no more than a few families; even so, the
Chaldean Catholic Church retains the status of a "recognized" religious community. Since 1903, the Chaldeans have been represented in Jerusalem by a non-resident patriarchal vicar.
848:, acknowledges his supremacy. The Pope bestowed upon them, in return, the venerable, but unmeaning, title of Chaldeans, which they now claim; although they were and are truly nothing more than papal Nestorians, or Nestorian Catholics.â
697:) that are now found the most flourishing of the Catholic Chaldean communities. The native population accepts the name of Atoraya-Kaldaya (Assyro-Chaldeans), while in the neo-Syriac vernacular Christians generally are known as Syrians
1442:
leaders also expressed their condemnation. As political changes sweep through many Arab nations, the ethnic Assyrian minorities throughout the Middle East have expressed concern about the developments and their future in the region.
1313:
The 1896 census of the Chaldean Catholics counted 233 parishes and 177 churches or chapels, mainly in northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey. The Chaldean Catholic clergy numbered 248 priests; they were assisted by the
1184:
language, which was then and indeed until the 19th century generally called Chaldean. The Chaldean Catholics originated from ancient communities living in and indigenous to the northern Iraq/Mesopotamia, once known as
894:
stated: âIt may not be out of place, therefore, to point out that there were exceedingly few Roman Catholic Assyrians or âChaldeans" as they are generally termed when they embrace Rome, amongst the refugees at
1921:
1917:
807:
are descended from Syrians: "Those of them who profess to have any idea concerning their origin, say, that they are descended from the Assyrians, and the Jacobites from the Syrians, whose chief city was
3685:
As a Chaldean (Iraqi Christian) family, Markos' upbringing remained traditional and strict. So she told her family she played volleyball instead, then she went off every day and grappled with the boys.
720:
organizations often wrongfully refer to local Christians as Kurdish Christians. Some Assyrians in northern Iraq supported Kurdish military and political activities in order to "advance the cause of
1326:
there was a patriarchal seminary, distinct from the Chaldean seminary directed by the Dominicans. The total number of Assyrian Chaldean Christians as by 2010 was 490,371, 78,000 of whom are in the
1730:
1690:
951:
There are currently an estimated 250,000 Christians remaining in Iraq of whom 80% are adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church. In northern Iraq, the Chaldean Catholic community inhabits
3660:
Right now, he is the lone Christian in the ranks, flying the flag for Iraq's Chaldeans, an ancient Assyrian people who have called the region home since long before the time of Jesus.
887:, and they were only distinguished by these two names when they separated consequent upon the theological dispute of the age, namely, Monophisites or Jacobites, and Nestorians.â
1380:) and seven bishops. Eight patriarchal vicars govern the small Assyrian Chaldean communities dispersed throughout Turkey and Iran. The Chaldean clergy, especially the monks of
2927:
Ainsworth, William (1841). "An Account of a Visit to the Chaldeans, Inhabiting Central KurdistĂĄn; and of an Ascent of the Peak of RowĂĄndiz (áčŹĂșr SheĂŻkhĂwĂĄ) in Summer in 1840".
699:." The subsequent upheaval produced both an exodus, in particular but not only from what is now Turkey to other countries, and a more urbanized Chaldean Church within Iraq.
2148:
4692:
6348:
1264:
3600:
1992:). Note that the Chaldean numbers are compared not only to the other two churches originating from the Church of the East but also to those of West Syriac tradition.
775:"As a genuine Chaldean people, we officially reject the labels that distort our Chaldean identity, such as the composite name âChaldean Syriac Assyrianâ used in the
3714:
4223:
1947:
quote: Among Chaldean Catholics, âAssyrianâ has had to compete with âChaldeanâ as the preferred ethnic name. Some have adopted âAssyro-Chaldeanâ as a compromise.
1160:
Neither before nor after the 15th century did the term "Chaldean" indicate a supposed ethnic connection of the Church of the East with ancient south Babylonian
6530:
2002:
Kristian Girling, "'To live within Islam': The Chaldean Catholic Church in Modern Iraq, 1958â2003" in Charlotte Methuen, Andrew Spicer, John Wolffe (editors),
1426:. At least 20,000 of them fled through Lebanon to seek resettlement in Europe and the United States. In March 2008, the Chaldean Catholic Archbishop of Mosul
1038:
there is a Chaldean Catholic community numbering over 200,000 people. This is the largest Chaldean Catholic diaspora community outside Iraq. Most members are
1018:
and the Assyrians in which this Constitution guarantees the administrative, political, cultural and educational rights for the various nationalities of Iraq.
7642:
6183:
5496:
1228:
728:
proposed to refer to the Christian population as "Chaldo-Assyrian", a political appellation from which the Chaldean Catholic Church soon withdrew support.
3614:
2516:
762:"Before I became a priest I was an Assyrian, before I became a bishop I was an Assyrian, I am an Assyrian today, tomorrow, forever, and I am proud of it."
4721:
4263:
4991:
2191:
Gregory J. Kruczek, "Christian Minorities and the Struggle for Nineveh: The Assyrian Democratic Movement and the Nineveh Plains Protection Units" p. 81
1176:
to southeast Mesopotamia, and disappeared from history during the 6th century BC: it referred instead to the use by Christians of that church of the
6750:
4605:
3471:
2219:
1322:, who numbered about one hundred. There were about 52 Assyrian Chaldean schools (not counting those conducted by Latin nuns and missionaries). At
1984:
In its 2018 Report on Religious Freedom, the U.S. Department of State put the Chaldean Catholics at approximately 67% of the Christians in Iraq (
1750:
6119:
3401:
2898:
2001:
3107:
2486:
3084:
1216:
The term "Chaldean" continued to apply to all who were of the Church of the East tradition, whether they were or were not in communion with
1145:, used in reference to members of the Chaldean Catholic Church, arose in the mid-15th century. Previously, it was used in reference to the
702:
6442:
3118:
1985:
1988:). The 2019 Country Guidance on Iraq of the European Asylum Support Office gives the same information as the U.S. Department of State (
1515:
1255:
report on Iraq estimated 98,000 Chaldean Catholics, 30,000 Nestorians, 25,000 Syriac Catholics and 12,000 Syriac Orthodox Christians.
7534:
6789:
6176:
6095:
4609:
1338:
548:
including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, Sweden and Germany. Chaldean Catholics and Assyrians in general also live in
99:
3728:
3449:
3004:
7779:
5489:
4981:
1463:
1095:
language and was still the normal name in the nineteenth century. Only in 1445 did it begin to be used to mean Aramaic speakers in
2881:
A Compendious and Complete Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Chiefly Founded on the Works of Gesenius and FĂŒrst ...
2633:
A Compendious and Complete Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, Chiefly Founded on the Works of Gesenius and FĂŒrst ...
7784:
6967:
6090:
6030:
7282:
7276:
6641:
6512:
5817:
1771:
Hanoosh, Yasmeen (2009). "Tomorrow They Write their Story: Chaldeans in America and the Transforming Narrative of Identities".
1327:
3783:
1267:, reported that, according to the Iraqi Christian Foundation, an agency of the Chaldean Catholic Church, approximately 80% of
823:
A letter from November 14, 1838, states: âThe so-called âChaldeans" of Mesopotamia received that title, as you know, from the
6540:
6535:
4297:
4175:
4154:
4133:
4112:
4077:
4016:
3945:
3924:
3903:
3847:
2828:
2737:
2663:
2559:
2402:
2175:
2136:
2113:
2054:
1903:
1880:
1780:
4275:
3631:
Being the only Assyrian/Chaldean player on the team, I am playing for the whole country but always making our culture proud.
3043:
To Mesopotamia and Kurdistan in disguise : with historical notices of the Kurdish tribes and the Chaldeans of Kurdistan
2894:
Parpola, Simo (2004). "National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times" (
734:, patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1989 to 2003 was quoted, after his death, in issue 55/3 (Fall 2003) of the
6743:
6666:
6636:
6169:
5691:
4733:
4640:
3877:
7617:
5482:
4635:
3644:
996:
17:
7294:
6502:
4986:
4902:
4625:
4590:
4220:
3916:
The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East: Encounters with Western Christian missions, archaeologists, and colonial power
3040:
1845:
1666:
5766:
5030:
4049:
3995:
3826:
3150:
3068:
2847:
A Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament: With an Introduction Giving a Short History of Hebrew Lexicography
2599:
A Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament: With an Introduction Giving a Short History of Hebrew Lexicography
658:
6820:
7676:
6676:
6020:
5760:
5754:
5118:
5103:
4699:
4687:
3158:
free Orthodox Church of Antioch or Syriac Catholic Church with 4%, and various Protestant sects with a combined 6%.
929:
2419:
42:
6962:
6736:
6365:
6334:
6015:
5802:
5661:
4976:
4962:
4714:
4364:
3356:
3129:
1989:
907:
and in consequence were permitted by the Turks to continue to dwell practically unmolested in their homes about
742:"I personally think that these different names serve to add confusion. The original name of our Church was the â
130:
7789:
7357:
7342:
7324:
7300:
7205:
7030:
6447:
6085:
5735:
4580:
3618:
1493:
920:
532:(the Roman Catholic Church). Chaldean Catholics, indigenous to northern Mesopotamia, modernly divided between
7764:
7211:
7172:
7086:
6957:
6454:
6000:
5595:
1488:
2151:
The Chaldean Catholic Church: A study in modern history, ecclesiology and church-state relations (2003â2013)
1072:
7769:
7696:
7671:
7607:
7371:
6522:
6497:
5729:
4726:
3756:"Erasing Assyrians: How the KRG Abuses Human Rights, Undermines Democracy, and Conquers Minority Homelands"
3437:
3025:
3019:
2582:
2576:
2487:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Brief%20Summary%20on%20Iraqi%20Christians%20_%20March%202019.pdf
1469:
1092:
725:
3417:
840:
stated: âThese, however, for the most part, more than a century ago gave in their adhesion to the Pope of
581:
7759:
7681:
7627:
7490:
7188:
6907:
6882:
6876:
6799:
6480:
6437:
6397:
6373:
6280:
6102:
5919:
5778:
5676:
5670:
5640:
5275:
5040:
5003:
4935:
4704:
2651:
1642:
1627:
1385:
1206:
1115:, made in Aramaic, and which decreed that "nobody shall in future dare to call Chaldeans, Nestorians".
647:
623:
605:
494:
62:
This article is about adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church. For the church (separatist) itself, see
3839:
Revival and Awakening: American Evangelical Missionaries in Iran and the Origins of Assyrian Nationalism
3479:
2234:
1945:: Electronic Edition, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay
883:
called Chaldeans and Syrians. The last two-named denominations doubtless belong to one nationality, the
7691:
6913:
6378:
6285:
6270:
5746:
5646:
5553:
5453:
5128:
5108:
4950:
4940:
4930:
4630:
4620:
4399:
3702:
3566:
2288:
1632:
627:
498:
7336:
4232:
1742:
1357:
in the north, and reserves for himself the direct administration of this diocese and that of Baghdad.
6275:
5721:
5609:
5528:
5080:
4925:
4495:
4290:
3955:
1457:
1164:
and its inhabitants, which emerged during the 9th century BC after Chaldean tribes migrated from the
639:
38:
2895:
2220:"National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times"
7774:
7612:
7150:
6901:
5959:
5823:
5617:
5167:
5138:
4782:
3812:
1381:
1315:
1299:
1277:
1202:
1059:
674:
611:
479:
363:
94:
63:
6809:
3091:
7701:
7235:
7223:
7096:
6995:
6656:
6466:
6265:
5904:
5811:
5395:
5143:
4807:
4540:
1422:
By 2012, hundreds of thousands of Christians of all denominations left Iraq after the ousting of
1295:
2986:
2377:
Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Or Philosophical Society of Great Britain
1004:
7456:
7068:
6870:
6864:
6772:
with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
6575:
6306:
6246:
5944:
5929:
5787:
5561:
5542:
5098:
4957:
4827:
4802:
4672:
4424:
3964:
The Christian Heritage of Iraq. Collected Papers from the Christianity of Iraq I-V Seminar Days
1319:
1210:
643:
619:
615:
589:
510:
506:
6972:
6025:
4086:
Oussani, G., 1901. "The modern Chaldeans and Nestorians, and the study of Syriac among them".
4006:
3837:
2818:
2727:
2549:
2165:
2127:
2104:
1894:
1871:
1349:(however Baghdad is 55 miles north of the ancient city of Babylon and corresponds to northern
7080:
7056:
5463:
5202:
5070:
4682:
4555:
4534:
4454:
4414:
4305:
4268:
4244:
3547:
1123:
939:
There were 640,828 adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church worldwide according to the 2016
836:
754:
Before becoming Chaldean patriarch, he was quoted in the SeptemberâOctober 1974 issue of the
663:
593:
585:
2421:
The Baqubah Refugee Camp: An Account of Work on Behalf of the Persecuted Assyrian Christians
2394:
The Baqubah Refugee Camp: An Account of Work on Behalf of the Persecuted Assyrian Christians
137:
7663:
7649:
7597:
7572:
7562:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7306:
7000:
6517:
6459:
6415:
6311:
6192:
6075:
5909:
5884:
5297:
5179:
5113:
5075:
4971:
4897:
4892:
4817:
4665:
4283:
3857:
3560:
1268:
891:
768:
721:
471:
6831:
3696:
1796:
Dhalimi, Abir; Wright, A. Michelle; Yamin, Jolin; Jamil, Hikmet; Arnetz, Bengt B. (2018).
8:
7738:
7622:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7567:
7485:
7247:
7156:
7074:
7062:
7010:
7005:
6845:
6825:
6784:
6205:
6150:
6124:
5979:
5964:
5924:
5505:
5239:
5197:
5123:
4998:
4920:
4449:
4419:
4404:
3457:
1637:
1573:
1475:
1108:
1104:
1063:
397:
4184:
Alichoran, J., 1994. "Assyro-Chaldeans in the 20th Century: From Genocide to Diaspora".
7637:
7557:
7478:
7451:
7168:
6611:
6432:
6402:
6316:
6209:
6035:
5939:
5869:
5583:
5370:
5365:
5350:
5312:
5287:
5224:
5085:
5020:
4655:
4464:
4379:
3296:
3278:
3260:
3242:
3224:
3206:
3188:
3170:
2944:
2814:
2678:
2654:. In Brock, Sebastian P.; Butts, Aaron M.; Kiraz, George A.; van Rompay, Lucas (eds.).
2545:
2016:
1822:
1797:
1604:
1530:
1526:
1427:
1384:, have established some missionary stations in the mountain districts dominated by the
1150:
1146:
1119:
1035:
1011:
743:
689:, in the heart of the Tigris valley, in the valley of the Zab, and in the mountains of
557:
521:
502:
483:
67:
5212:
2982:
Nineveh and its remains: an enquiry into the manners and arts of the ancient assyrians
2980:
7632:
7602:
7429:
7380:
7366:
7217:
7020:
6697:
6507:
6080:
5844:
5519:
5439:
5390:
5355:
5192:
5133:
5035:
4945:
4915:
4910:
4777:
4772:
4756:
4645:
4585:
4505:
4500:
4409:
4199:
4171:
4150:
4129:
4108:
4073:
4045:
4026:
4012:
3991:
3941:
3920:
3899:
3895:
The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations
3843:
3822:
3645:"'It was always my No1 choice': Justin Meram, the US-born Christian playing for Iraq"
3541:
3372:
3146:
3064:
2824:
2733:
2659:
2555:
2459:
2398:
2171:
2132:
2109:
2050:
1957:
1899:
1876:
1827:
1776:
1431:
1173:
856:
784:
731:
631:
577:
517:
505:
and are modernly significantly less numerous than the Chaldean Catholic Church), the
287:
204:
89:
669:
Strictly, the name of Chaldeans is no longer correct; in Chaldea proper, apart from
7577:
7162:
7015:
6987:
6893:
6856:
6470:
6387:
5969:
5894:
5700:
5576:
5513:
5282:
5217:
5207:
4881:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4792:
4767:
3755:
2936:
1817:
1809:
1647:
1498:
1248:
report on Iraq, Chaldeans numbered 98,000 and were the largest Christian minority.
1026:
In Syria, Chaldean Catholics number 10,000; in Turkey, 48,594; and in Iran, 3,390.
812:.â Those ancient Syrians of Damascus, in terms of Biblical tradition, were ancient
776:
411:
7515:
2042:
1798:"Perception of discrimination in employment and health in refugees and immigrants"
1724:
661:
and the creation of new states in the Middle East such as Iraq, an article in the
7505:
7330:
7120:
7114:
6977:
6952:
6932:
6759:
6475:
6062:
6045:
6040:
5864:
5859:
5536:
5380:
5345:
5234:
5229:
5148:
5059:
4797:
4650:
4562:
4550:
4474:
4469:
4459:
4394:
4369:
4354:
4341:
4329:
4227:
4165:
4144:
4123:
4102:
4067:
4030:
3983:
3972:
3935:
3914:
3893:
3861:
3816:
3516:
3057:
2902:
2879:
2862:
2845:
2631:
2614:
2597:
2392:
2375:
2358:
2342:
2044:
1407:
1396:
1392:
1284:
1273:
1198:
1177:
1100:
1067:
884:
828:
747:
545:
475:
441:
6671:
2273:
7726:
7385:
7312:
7288:
7176:
6947:
6942:
6702:
6560:
6217:
6138:
6005:
5995:
5949:
5889:
5621:
5599:
5360:
5335:
4615:
4545:
2269:
2027:
1583:
1565:
1557:
1423:
1201:
languages do not run parallel to the often associated religious denominations (
1194:
1190:
1127:
1096:
1039:
904:
852:
525:
3578:
2087:
66:. For all other Christian groups that have at times been called Chaldean, see
7753:
7229:
6836:
6814:
6570:
6565:
6326:
6301:
6201:
6112:
5798:
5657:
5433:
5385:
5375:
5340:
5292:
5269:
5244:
5008:
4837:
4832:
4709:
4510:
4359:
4257:
4240:
3327:
2783:
1568:
1540:
1015:
976:
900:
864:
817:
307:
7495:
1365:
1077:
7253:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6420:
6410:
6383:
6357:
6221:
5954:
5914:
5874:
5632:
5259:
5025:
4822:
4530:
4525:
4515:
4349:
2215:
1940:
1849:
1831:
1670:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1503:
1154:
614:
often identify and are identified as "Chaldean" but, like adherents of the
3715:"Dr. Mona's new book tells how tide turned on state in Flint water crisis"
3501:
3130:
European Asylum Support Office: Country Guidance - Iraq (June 2019), p. 70
2725:
1990:
European Asylum Support Office: Country Guidance - Iraq (June 2019), p. 70
7500:
7138:
7132:
6769:
6707:
6681:
6233:
6225:
6213:
5974:
5443:
5405:
5254:
5090:
5015:
4812:
4374:
3862:"Ăttat religieux des diocĂšses formant le patriarcat chaldĂ©en de Babylone"
3784:"Basim Bello: The decision to depose me was taken already two months ago"
3673:
2860:
2612:
2043:
Michael Angold; Frances Margaret Young; K. Scott Bowie (17 August 2006).
1609:
1561:
1546:
1435:
1403:
1237:
1131:
788:
707:
389:
3990:. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 511â536.
3974:
Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle for Self Expression
7466:
7461:
7259:
6717:
6712:
6651:
6580:
6490:
6425:
6161:
5899:
4520:
3960:"Chaldeans and Assyrians: The Church of the East in the Ottoman Period"
3005:"Histoire critique de la creance et des coûtumes des nations du Levant"
2948:
2070:
1813:
1684:
1578:
1535:
1522:
1439:
1416:
1399:. The literary revival in the early 20th century was mostly due to the
880:
490:
5474:
4032:
Narrative of a Tour Through Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia and Mesopotamia
3297:"Bassorah {Basra} (Chaldean Archeparchy) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
2963:
Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia
2105:
The Chaldeans: Politics and Identity in Iraq and the American Diaspora
1895:
The Rise and Fall of Ergativity in Aramaic: Cycles of Alignment Change
1091:(c. 347 â 420), the term "Chaldean" was a misnomer that indicated the
174:
7686:
7520:
7400:
7241:
7182:
6661:
6601:
5854:
5330:
5302:
5249:
4787:
4479:
4439:
4065:
2864:
Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
2616:
Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
2046:
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 5, Eastern Christianity
1613:
1551:
1350:
1303:
988:
972:
690:
347:
4167:
Christianity in Iraq: Its Origins and Development to the Present Day
3225:"Amadiyah and Zakho (Chaldean Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
2940:
2820:
Hebrew Scripture in Patristic Biblical Theory: Canon, Language, Text
2551:
Hebrew Scripture in Patristic Biblical Theory: Canon, Language, Text
2435:
2260:
Mar Raphael J Bidawid. The Assyrian Star. SeptemberâOctober, 1974:5.
2190:
7471:
7444:
7417:
7405:
7390:
7144:
7091:
6646:
6616:
6585:
6257:
6237:
6229:
6107:
6010:
5849:
4847:
4677:
4660:
4434:
4429:
4256: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
4204:
3959:
3389:
3189:"Arbil {Erbil} (Chaldean Archeparchy) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
2464:
1962:
1400:
1217:
1130:. These "Nestorian" Uniates received the name "Chaldeans" from the
980:
813:
809:
529:
6728:
3450:"Minority Rights Group International : Iraq : Chaldeans"
2707:
1118:
The Chaldean community originates from groups of adherents of the
925:
7733:
7126:
7048:
6928:
6485:
6145:
5934:
5307:
5264:
4444:
4389:
4044:. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. pp. 237â77, 293â294.
3878:"The Eastern Catholic Churches 2016. Source: Annuario Pontificio"
1346:
1342:
1334:
1186:
1181:
1161:
1000:
984:
968:
964:
933:
899:. The very large majority of the Roman Catholic Assyrians in the
896:
872:
694:
670:
549:
376:
4042:
Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan
2726:
Wilhelm Baum (historian); Dietmar W. Winkler (8 December 2003).
1126:
in the 16th and 17th centuries. The community emerged after the
7706:
7510:
7439:
7412:
7395:
5708:
5187:
4842:
3729:"Mayor of Tel Keppe Reinstated After Unlawful Dismissal by KDP"
1373:
1369:
1307:
1233:
1165:
1112:
1088:
1081:
1043:
960:
956:
952:
845:
711:
678:
677:, most of the Chaldean population being found in the cities of
573:
565:
561:
537:
393:
327:
240:
180:
3562:
Congresswoman Anna Eshoo and denial of her Assyrian background
1872:
Gulf in World History: Arabian, Persian and Global Connections
432:
429:
7434:
7422:
7318:
6392:
6068:
5879:
5712:
5400:
4384:
4235:
4069:
Why Humans Cooperate: A Cultural and Evolutionary Explanation
3279:"AqrÄ {Akra} (Chaldean Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
3171:"Baghdad (Chaldean Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
2167:
International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia
1377:
1361:
1354:
1323:
992:
908:
868:
860:
717:
686:
682:
654:
553:
541:
258:
3674:"Meet Randa Markos, the Assyrian Refugee-Turned-UFC Fighter"
3261:"Kerkƫk (Chaldean Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
3243:"Mossul (Chaldean Archeparchy) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1290:
6606:
4595:
4572:
4315:
4309:
4104:
Chaldean Americans: Changing Conceptions of Ethnic Identity
4095:
The politics of minority Chaldeans between Iraq and America
3988:
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Eastern Christianity
3579:"Trump Nominates First Chaldean Assyrian for Federal Bench"
2163:
1391:
The liturgical language of the Chaldean Catholic Church is
1265:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
1169:
876:
841:
824:
569:
533:
520:
in the 16th and 17th centuries, arising from groups of the
493:
denominations present in Assyrian demographics include the
276:
222:
2905:). Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies (JAAS) 18 (2): 22.
2683:
2153:(Heythrop College, University of London 2015), pp. 122â123
995:. The Chaldean Catholic Church has its headquarter in the
3207:"Alquoch (Chaldean Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1466:, joint Chaldean-Syriac-Assyrian democratic party in Iraq
1395:
and the liturgy of the Chaldean Church is written in the
1353:). However, the Chaldean patriarch resides habitually at
1252:
1245:
417:
145:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2311:
141:
2929:
The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
2695:
1795:
1337:
as the principal city of his see. His former title of "
1107:, which accepted the profession of faith that Timothy,
791:, he encountered indigenous Christians and stated that
693:. It is in the former ecclesiastical province of Ator (
4008:
Minorities and the Modern Arab World: New Perspectives
3119:
Iraq 2018 International Religious Freedom Report, p. 3
2965:(London 1842), vol. II, p. 272, cited in John Joseph,
2752:
2656:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage
2517:"Focus on Israel: The Christian Communities of Israel"
1986:
Iraq 2018 International Religious Freedom Report, p. 3
1943:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage
1918:
Ethnic, Political and Administrative Geography of the
1272:
According to scholar James Minahan, around 45% of the
706:
Chaldean Catholics wearing traditional clothes during
3698:
UFC Randa Markos Interview at Assyrian Fighters Night
2797:
2795:
2765:
2491:
1360:
There are five archbishops (resident respectively at
414:
2861:
Wilhelm Gesenius; Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1859).
2613:
Wilhelm Gesenius; Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1859).
1931:. American University of Beirut. November 2006. p. 8
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1388:. Three dioceses are in Iran, the others in Turkey.
903:
did not join the mountaineers and fight against the
426:
420:
3339:
3337:
3313:
Mgr. George 'Abdisho' Khayyath to the Abbé Chabot (
3055:
2753:George V. Yana (Bebla) (2000). "Myth vs. Reality".
2323:
1743:"2021 Roxburgh Park, Census All persons QuickStats"
1731:
Eastern Catholic Churches in the United States 2018
1010:Chaldeans are also mentioned in Article 125 of the
423:
3954:
3615:"Assyriska and What It Means to a Proud Community"
2908:
2792:
2713:
1591:â Chaldean Swedish footballer â Iraq International
4121:
4100:
3966:. Piscataway NJ: Gorgias Press. pp. 146â164.
3002:
2270:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 110
2006:(The Ecclesiastical History Society 2015), p. 370
1695:
7751:
4066:Natalie Henrich; Joseph Patrick Henrich (2007).
3891:
3334:
3085:"National Intelligence Survey: Iraq: Section 43"
3029:all the Chaldaeans, whether Nestorians or Papal.
3007:. Chez Frederic Arnaud – via Google Books.
2679:"Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence, 1431-49 A.D.
2017:"Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence, 1431-49 A.D.
501:(both of which also originate from the historic
5720:
3984:"Syriac Christianity in the modern Middle East"
3546:. Philadelphia: G.B. Zieber & CO. pp.
2877:
2719:
2629:
2283:
2281:
1430:was kidnapped, and found dead two weeks later.
298:
1087:For many centuries, from at least the time of
1003:which is also the resident of their patriarch
516:The Chaldean Catholic community was formed in
6744:
6177:
5490:
4291:
2658:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. p. 93.
2256:
2254:
2214:
140:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
6768:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the
4142:
4011:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 266â.
2843:
2595:
2374:Britain), Victoria Institute (Great (1881).
2344:The Biblical Repository and Classical Review
2278:
2128:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society
2092:(New York 1908). Retrieved 6 September 2020.
1875:. Edinburgh University Press; 31 July 2018.
1460:, Chaldean Catholic democratic party in Iraq
638:in their own language. When their community
580:. The most recent reasons for migration are
453:
4163:
3811:
3145:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 206.
3003:Simon (oratorien), Richard (July 3, 1684).
2823:. BRILL. pp. 123, 124, 126, 127, 139.
2689:
2554:. BRILL. pp. 123, 124, 126, 127, 139.
2170:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 366.
2049:. Cambridge University Press. p. 527.
1846:"ÜŁÜÜĄÜÜÜ ÜÜŹÜ ÜŹÜ ÜÜÜąÜ ÜÜ ÜĄÜÜÜąÜżÜŹÜ ÜÜ„ÜąÜÜÌŁÜ ÜÜÜȘÜ©"
1667:"ÜŁÜÜĄÜÜÜ ÜÜŹÜ ÜŹÜ ÜÜÜąÜ ÜÜ ÜĄÜÜÜąÜżÜŹÜ ÜÜ„ÜąÜÜÌŁÜ ÜÜÜȘÜ©"
338:
88:It has been suggested that this article be
23:
6751:
6737:
6184:
6170:
6120:MalankaraâPersian ecclesiastical relations
5497:
5483:
4298:
4284:
4261:
3143:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C
2645:
2643:
2289:"Iraq's Constitution of 2005, article 125"
2251:
1516:List of ethnic Assyrians/Chaldeans/Syriacs
24:
4606:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party â Iraq Region
4025:
3818:The Church of the East: A Concise History
3665:
3418:"Chaldeans criticize El Cajon's attitude"
3357:"Christian exodus from Iraq gathers pace"
2926:
2813:
2786:The Church of the East: A Concise History
2729:The Church of the East: A Concise History
2544:
2317:
2088:JĂ©rĂŽme Labourt, "Chaldean Christians" in
2030:The Church of the East: A Concise History
1821:
1291:Condition of the Chaldean Catholic Church
1021:
844:; and their patriarch, still residing at
795:consider themselves to be descended from
592:, and poor security conditions after the
59:Adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church
6191:
4430:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
4186:Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society
4088:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3981:
3077:
2701:
2373:
1691:Eastern Catholic Churches Worldwide 2018
1464:Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council
1294:
1227:
1071:
924:
701:
318:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
6091:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
5504:
3898:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 133â.
3140:
2967:The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East
2649:
2640:
2208:
1770:
14:
7752:
5818:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
4039:
4035:. Vol. 2. London: Tilt and Bogue.
4004:
3937:Iraq: The Search for National Identity
3933:
3912:
3876:
3856:
3835:
3017:
2978:
2801:
2771:
2574:
2502:
2390:
2329:
2164:Karl R. DeRouen; Paul Bellamy (2008).
2108:. Bloomsbury Publishing; 30 May 2019.
1838:
1718:
673:, there are now very few adherents of
588:, poor economic conditions during the
6732:
6165:
5478:
5165:
5057:
4879:
4754:
4327:
4279:
3977:. Jefferson: McFarland & Company.
3970:
3821:. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon.
3753:
3672:Huang, Michael (September 19, 2014).
3671:
3539:
2979:Layard, Austen Henry (July 3, 1850).
2914:
2305:
1659:
1341:" results from the identification of
1122:that entered into communion with the
1053:
799:, but he also recorded that the same
646:in India, which is in union with the
599:
482:, which originates from the historic
131:too many or overly lengthy quotations
5459:
5401:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
4272:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4198:
3343:
2888:
2347:. J. M. Sherwood. 1841. p. 458.
2227:Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies
2004:Christianity and Religious Plurality
1950:
1232:Chaldean Catholics from the town of
454:
445:
199:Regions with significant populations
113:
74:
6758:
5449:
4128:. Michigan State University Press.
3754:Hanna, Reine (September 25, 2017).
3642:
3617:. February 15, 2016. Archived from
3517:"ĆDĆ, TĆMÄ â Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2784:Wilhelm Braun, Dietmar W. Winkler,
2521:Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2452:
2028:Wilhelm Braun, Dietmar W. Winkler,
1306:of the Chaldean Catholic Church in
1134:, which had given the ancient name
1014:as a nationality distinct from the
997:Cathedral of Mary Mother of Sorrows
630:who also live in or originate from
56:
4262:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
4200:"Who are the Chaldean Christians?"
4059:
3373:"Iraqi archbishop death condemned"
3328:"New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia"
2460:"Who are the Chaldean Christians?"
2417:
2380:. Victoria Institute. p. 207.
1958:"Who are the Chaldean Christians?"
1478:, Assyrian political party in Iraq
1472:, Assyrian political party in Iraq
1103:, on the basis of a decree of the
528:, entered into communion with the
57:
7801:
6096:AssyrianâChaldeanâSyriac diaspora
5767:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
4192:
3108:Brief Summary on Iraqi Christians
3045:(Small, Maynard and Company 1914)
2514:
1941:James F. Coakley, "Assyrians" in
1509:
1236:during a festival and parade for
1149:, which, because it rejected the
851:In 1881, archeologist and author
659:dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
7732:
7720:
7677:Assyrian Democratic Organisation
6830:
6819:
6808:
6347:
6144:
5761:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
5755:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
5458:
5448:
5438:
5429:
5428:
4734:2021â2022 Iraqi political crisis
4308:
4251:
4107:. Center for Migration Studies.
3836:Becker, Adam H. (9 March 2015).
3776:
3763:Assyrian Confederation of Europe
3747:
3721:
3707:
3690:
3636:
3607:
3593:
3543:Memoirs of a Babylonian Princess
3024:. Curts & Jennings. p.
2581:. Curts & Jennings. p.
1898:. OUP Oxford; 5 September 2016.
1446:
1333:The current patriarch considers
930:Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows
410:
340:
320:
300:
269:
251:
233:
215:
173:
118:
79:
7780:Christian denominations in Iraq
6503:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
6295:Independent Churches/Communions
5213:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
4636:1979â1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
4626:1974â1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
4365:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
3842:. University of Chicago Press.
3643:Kay, Bryan (22 February 2016).
3571:
3554:
3533:
3509:
3494:
3478:. Carmody Flynn. Archived from
3464:
3442:
3431:
3410:
3394:
3365:
3349:
3320:
3307:
3289:
3271:
3253:
3235:
3217:
3199:
3181:
3163:
3134:
3123:
3112:
3101:
3049:
3034:
3011:
2996:
2972:
2955:
2920:
2871:
2854:
2837:
2807:
2777:
2746:
2672:
2623:
2606:
2589:
2568:
2538:
2508:
2480:
2428:
2411:
2384:
2367:
2351:
2335:
2263:
2195:
2184:
2157:
2142:
2119:
2096:
2081:
2063:
2036:
2021:
2010:
1995:
1978:
1934:
1909:
1886:
1753:from the original on 2024-01-16
1258:
1223:
7785:History of Eastern Catholicism
7343:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
7206:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
6527:MoscowâConstantinople schisms
6086:Assyrian independence movement
5736:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
4496:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
3815:; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003).
3027:– via Internet Archive.
2989:– via Internet Archive.
2032:(RoutledgeCurzon 2003), p. 112
1863:
1789:
1764:
1735:
1494:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
1283:According to estimates by the
921:Assyrian population by country
13:
1:
7087:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
4755:
4005:Robson, Laura (18 May 2016).
3540:Asmar, Maria Theresa (1845).
3021:Asshur and the land of Nimrod
2788:(RoutledgeCurzon 2003), p. 83
2585:– via Internet Archive.
2578:Asshur and the land of Nimrod
2233:(2). JAAS: 22. Archived from
1653:
1489:Qaraqosh Protection Committee
914:
7697:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)
7672:Assyrian Democratic Movement
6677:Essenceâenergies distinction
6498:Christianization of Bulgaria
4992:in ISIL-controlled territory
4880:
4221:The Chaldean Catholic Church
3420:. UTSanDiego.com. 2013-10-22
3056:George Percy Badger (1852).
2732:. Routledge. pp. 119â.
2071:"CHURCH OF THE EAST â INDIA"
1470:Assyrian Democratic Movement
859:consist now of mixed races,
855:stated: âThe inhabitants of
726:Assyrian Democratic Movement
7:
7682:Assyrian Universal Alliance
6908:Assyrian Church of the East
6883:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
6877:Assyrian Evangelical Church
6800:Terms for Syriac Christians
6481:Antiochian Greek Christians
6379:Christianization of Georgia
6374:Christianization of Armenia
6281:Assyrian Church of the East
6103:Terms for Syriac Christians
5920:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
5779:Assyrian Church of the East
5677:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
5671:Assyrian Evangelical Church
5641:Assyrian Church of the East
5166:
5058:
4903:Council of Representatives
4641:Weapons of mass destruction
4328:
4072:. Oxford University Press.
1848:(in Syriac). Archived from
1669:(in Syriac). Archived from
1643:Terms for Syriac Christians
1628:Assyrian Church of the East
1621:
1386:Assyrian Church of the East
1207:Assyrian Church of the East
1111:of the Aramaic speakers in
1029:
758:as saying in an interview:
648:Assyrian Church of the East
640:entered communion with Rome
624:Assyrian Church of the East
606:Terms for Syriac Christians
495:Assyrian Church of the East
10:
7806:
7692:Syriac Union Party (Syria)
6914:Ancient Church of the East
6531:15thâ16th centuries schism
6455:Oriental Orthodox Churches
6286:Ancient Church of the East
6271:Oriental Orthodox Churches
5647:Ancient Church of the East
4631:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
4122:Mary C. Sengstock (2005).
4101:Mary C. Sengstock (1999).
4040:Travis, Hannibal (2010) .
3982:OâMahony, Anthony (2006).
3956:Murre-van den Berg, Heleen
3866:Revue de l'Orient chrétien
3805:
3315:Revue de l'Orient Chrétien
2436:"THE BAQUBAH REFUGEE CAMP"
1633:Ancient Church of the East
1513:
1057:
918:
628:Ancient Church of the East
603:
499:Ancient Church of the East
61:
7715:
7662:
7533:
7365:
7356:
7269:
7198:
7105:
7046:
7029:
6986:
6927:
6892:
6855:
6844:
6806:
6777:
6766:
6690:
6594:
6553:
6364:
6345:
6325:
6294:
6276:Eastern Catholic Churches
6256:
6245:
6199:
6133:
6055:
5988:
5837:
5797:
5776:
5745:
5705:(active 1st centuryâ1601)
5690:
5656:
5631:
5608:
5575:
5552:
5527:
5512:
5424:
5323:
5178:
5174:
5161:
5066:
5053:
4888:
4875:
4763:
4750:
4571:
4488:
4340:
4336:
4323:
4233:Iraq: Chaldean Christians
4097:. University of Michigan.
3962:. In Erica Hunter (ed.).
3892:Kristian Girling (2017).
3733:Assyrian Policy Institute
3362:. Retrieved June 12, 2012
2969:(BRILL 2000), pp. 2 and 4
2360:The North American Review
2090:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1928:in the Greco-Roman Period
1915:Alexandre Salim Hourani,
1458:Chaldean Democratic Party
1180:, a form of the biblical
544:, have since migrated to
388:
383:
374:
369:
362:
357:
337:
317:
297:
285:
267:
249:
231:
213:
203:
198:
193:
188:
172:
7212:Muslim conquest of Syria
6902:Chaldean Catholic Church
5960:Dionysius of Vattasseril
5824:Believers Eastern Church
5618:Chaldean Catholic Church
4982:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
4893:Administrative divisions
4170:. Gracewing Publishing.
3018:Rassam, Hormuzd (1897).
2878:Benjamin Davies (1876).
2630:Benjamin Davies (1876).
2575:Rassam, Hormuzd (1897).
2075:churchoftheeastindia.org
1382:Rabban Hormizd Monastery
1300:Rabban Hormizd Monastery
1278:Chaldean Catholic Church
1203:Chaldean Catholic Church
1076:Saint Anthony church in
1060:Chaldean Catholic Church
612:Chaldean Catholic Church
480:Chaldean Catholic Church
446:ÜÜČÜ ÜÜ”ÜÜčÌÜ Ü©ÜČÜŹÜÜżÜ Ü܌ܩܔÜÜčÌÜ
364:Chaldean Catholic Church
179:Chaldean Catholics from
168:ÜÜČÜ ÜÜ”ÜÜčÌÜ Ü©ÜČÜŹÜÜżÜ Ü܌ܩܔÜÜčÌÜ
138:summarize the quotations
105:Proposed since May 2024.
95:Chaldean Catholic Church
64:Chaldean Catholic Church
39:latest accepted revision
7739:Christianity portal
7702:Syriac Military Council
7301:Massacres of Diyarbekir
7236:Principality of Antioch
7189:ByzantineâSasanian wars
6996:Assyrian folk/pop music
6513:Eastern Orthodox Church
6467:Saint Thomas Christians
6266:Eastern Orthodox Church
6151:Christianity portal
5905:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
5812:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
5692:Saint Thomas Christians
4541:Mandate for Mesopotamia
4415:First Babylonian Empire
3407:retrieved June 12, 2012
3141:Minahan, James (2002).
2714:Murre-van den Berg 2009
2690:Baum & Winkler 2003
2650:Coakley, J. F. (2011).
2131:. SAGE; 20 March 2008.
1773:Arab Voices in Diaspora
946:
634:, they call themselves
7457:Al-Hasakah Governorate
7295:Massacres of Badr Khan
7069:Middle Assyrian Empire
6871:Syriac Catholic Church
6865:Syriac Orthodox Church
6312:True Orthodox churches
6307:Spiritual Christianity
5945:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
5930:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
5788:Chaldean Syrian Church
5562:Syriac Orthodox Church
5543:Syriac Catholic Church
4700:Insurgency (2011â2013)
4621:IraqiâKurdish conflict
4425:Middle Assyrian Empire
4149:. Arcadia Publishing.
3934:Lukitz, Liora (2005).
3301:catholic-hierarchy.org
3283:catholic-hierarchy.org
3265:catholic-hierarchy.org
3247:catholic-hierarchy.org
3229:catholic-hierarchy.org
3211:catholic-hierarchy.org
3193:catholic-hierarchy.org
3175:catholic-hierarchy.org
2991:Chaldaeans Nestorians.
2961:William F. Ainsworth,
2815:Gallagher, Edmon Louis
2546:Gallagher, Edmon Louis
2391:Austin, H. H. (2006).
2149:F. Christian Girling,
1869:Allen James Fromherz.
1310:
1241:
1211:Syriac Orthodox Church
1084:
1022:Syria, Turkey and Iran
936:
714:
644:Chaldean Syrian Church
620:Syriac Catholic Church
616:Syriac Orthodox Church
590:sanctions against Iraq
511:Syriac Catholic Church
507:Syriac Orthodox Church
7790:Ethnoreligious groups
7325:Independence movement
7081:Post-imperial Assyria
7057:Early Assyrian period
6335:Eastern Protestantism
6208:that developed since
4987:in post-invasion Iraq
4693:U.S. troop withdrawal
4455:Neo-Babylonian Empire
4269:Catholic Encyclopedia
4245:Catholic Encyclopedia
4143:Jacob Bacall (2014).
4125:Chaldeans in Michigan
4093:Hanoosh, Y.S., 2008.
4090:, 22, pp. 79â96.
3913:Joseph, John (2000).
3887:. 2016. pp. 3â4.
3858:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
3521:www.iranicaonline.org
3503:Paul Bedjan Biography
3355:Martin Chulov (2010)
3090:. CIA. Archived from
2844:Julius FĂŒrst (1867).
2596:Julius FĂŒrst (1867).
2125:Richard T. Schaefer.
1434:condemned his death.
1298:
1231:
1124:Roman Catholic Church
1075:
928:
837:North American Review
705:
664:Catholic Encyclopedia
594:2003 invasion of Iraq
582:religious persecution
7765:Christianity in Iraq
7001:Music of Mesopotamia
6948:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
6943:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
6460:Council of Chalcedon
6206:Christian traditions
6193:Eastern Christianity
6076:Assyrian nationalism
6021:Koy Sanjaq Christian
6006:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
5996:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
5910:Dionysius bar Salibi
5885:Philoxenus of Mabbug
5738:(West Syriac) (1932)
5732:(East Syriac) (1665)
4936:Council of Ministers
4818:Mesopotamian Marshes
4188:, 8, pp. 45â79.
4164:Suha Rassam (2005).
4146:Chaldeans in Detroit
3097:on January 23, 2017.
3041:Ely Banister Soane,
2363:. 1843. p. 159.
1339:Patriarch of Babylon
1318:the Congregation of
1244:According to a 1950
1195:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1191:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
1005:Louis Raphaël I Sako
892:Herbert Henry Austin
827:, on their becoming
769:Constitution of Iraq
722:Assyrian nationalism
653:In 1908, before the
472:ethnoreligious group
7770:Catholicism in Iraq
7307:Rise of nationalism
7248:Jalayirid Sultanate
7075:Neo-Assyrian Empire
7063:Old Assyrian period
7006:Syriac sacral music
6826:Aramean-Syriac flag
6785:Assyrian continuity
6236:, and parts of the
6125:Syriac sacral music
5980:Baselios Paulose II
5965:Geevarghese Ivanios
5925:Abraham of Angamaly
5730:Syro-Malabar Church
5506:Syriac Christianity
5198:Mesopotamian Arabic
5004:Freedom of religion
4450:Neo-Assyrian Empire
4420:Old Assyrian Period
4405:Neo-Sumerian Empire
4264:Chaldean Christians
4241:Chaldean Christians
2274:English translation
2203:The Chaldean Church
2116:. p. 149 et passim.
1922:BiqÄÊœ, WÄdÄ« Al-Taym
1638:Syriac Christianity
1574:Maria Theresa Asmar
1476:Sons of Mesopotamia
1105:Council of Florence
1064:Syriac Christianity
941:Annuario Pontificio
787:'s travels through
398:Mesopotamian Arabic
169:
29:Page version status
18:Chaldean Christians
7760:Chaldean Catholics
7727:History portal
7169:Church of the East
6958:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
6795:Chaldean Catholics
6433:Church of the East
6403:Ecumenical council
6354:Christ Pantocrator
6210:Early Christianity
6001:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
5940:Abraham Koorilos I
5870:Severus of Antioch
5803:Eastern Protestant
5662:Eastern Protestant
5590:"Nestorian Church"
5584:Church of the East
5129:Telecommunications
5104:Foreign Investment
5041:Wars and conflicts
4977:in pre-Saddam Iraq
4941:Presidency Council
4727:2019â2021 protests
4656:Invasion of Kuwait
4480:Sassanid Asorestan
4475:Parthian Babylonia
4470:Seleucid Babylonia
4465:Achaemenid Assyria
4380:Jemdet Nasr period
4226:2012-11-28 at the
4027:Southgate, Horatio
3971:Nisan, M. (2002).
3621:on October 4, 2022
3482:on 20 January 2015
3454:minorityrights.org
3438:Voice of San Diego
3063:. Joseph Masters.
2985:. Murray. p.
2901:2020-05-22 at the
1814:10.1037/sah0000068
1605:Mona Hanna-Attisha
1564:, and first-known
1531:Christians in Iraq
1428:Paulos Faraj Rahho
1311:
1302:: is an important
1242:
1153:(431), was called
1151:Council of Ephesus
1147:Church of the East
1120:Church of the East
1085:
1054:History and origin
1036:Southeast Michigan
1012:Iraqi constitution
937:
744:Church of the East
738:, as having said:
715:
600:Identity and names
586:ethnic persecution
522:Church of the East
503:Church of the East
484:Church of the East
406:Chaldean Catholics
166:Chaldean Catholics
165:
68:Church of the East
35:
7747:
7746:
7658:
7657:
7374:
7352:
7351:
7319:Assyrian genocide
7218:Abbasid Caliphate
7040:
6923:
6922:
6790:Assyrian diaspora
6726:
6725:
6698:Sign of the cross
6508:Turkic Christians
6343:
6342:
6159:
6158:
6081:Assyrian homeland
6069:Assyrian genocide
5845:Ephrem the Syrian
5833:
5832:
5747:Oriental Orthodox
5686:
5685:
5571:
5570:
5554:Oriental Orthodox
5520:Church of Antioch
5472:
5471:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5406:Mandaean New Year
5157:
5156:
5049:
5048:
5031:Political parties
4926:Foreign relations
4871:
4870:
4778:Lower Mesopotamia
4773:Upper Mesopotamia
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4506:Abbasid Caliphate
4501:Umayyad Caliphate
4410:Isin-Larsa period
4177:978-0-85244-633-1
4156:978-1-4671-1255-0
4135:978-0-87013-742-6
4114:978-1-57703-013-3
4079:978-0-19-531423-6
4018:978-0-8156-5355-4
3947:978-1-135-77821-7
3926:978-90-04-32005-5
3905:978-1-351-70674-2
3849:978-0-226-14531-0
3790:. August 18, 2017
3735:. August 13, 2018
3476:carmodyflynn.com/
3400:R. Thelen (2008)
2830:978-90-04-22802-3
2817:(23 March 2012).
2739:978-1-134-43019-2
2665:978-1-59333-714-8
2561:978-90-04-22802-3
2548:(23 March 2012).
2404:978-1-59333-401-7
2397:. Gorgias Press.
2177:978-0-275-99254-5
2137:978-1-4129-2694-2
2114:978-1-78672-596-7
2102:Yasmeen Hanoosh.
2056:978-0-521-81113-2
1904:978-0-19-103574-6
1892:Eleanor Coghill.
1881:978-1-4744-3068-5
1802:Stigma and Health
1782:978-90-420-2719-0
1527:Chaldean-American
1432:Pope Benedict XVI
1174:Upper Mesopotamia
785:Horatio Southgate
732:Raphael I Bidawid
655:Assyrian genocide
632:Upper Mesopotamia
610:Followers of the
546:Western countries
518:Upper Mesopotamia
448:), also known as
403:
402:
288:Assyrian diaspora
205:Assyrian homeland
163:
162:
112:
111:
107:
47:22 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
7797:
7737:
7736:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7370:
7363:
7362:
7337:Post-Saddam Iraq
7163:Nestorian schism
7157:Christianization
7129:(132 BCEâ244 CE)
7123:(247 BCEâ224 CE)
7083:(609 BCEâ240 CE)
7044:
7043:
7034:
6894:East Syriac Rite
6857:West Syriac Rite
6853:
6852:
6834:
6823:
6812:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6730:
6729:
6518:EastâWest Schism
6471:Malankara Church
6388:Byzantine Empire
6356:(circa 1261) in
6351:
6254:
6253:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6163:
6162:
6149:
6148:
6036:Syriac Malayalam
5970:Coorilos Paulose
5895:Isaac the Syrian
5722:Eastern Catholic
5718:
5717:
5701:Malankara Church
5610:Eastern Catholic
5606:
5605:
5529:Eastern Catholic
5525:
5524:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5476:
5475:
5462:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5442:
5432:
5431:
5176:
5175:
5163:
5162:
5094:
5055:
5054:
4906:
4877:
4876:
4863:Sinjar Mountains
4853:Zagros Mountains
4793:Hamrin Mountains
4752:
4751:
4715:Mosul liberation
4688:Iraqi insurgency
4610:National Command
4599:
4435:Simurrum culture
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4255:
4254:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4208:. March 13, 2008
4181:
4160:
4139:
4118:
4083:
4055:
4036:
4022:
4001:
3978:
3967:
3951:
3930:
3909:
3888:
3882:
3873:
3853:
3832:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3581:. March 13, 2020
3575:
3569:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3513:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3456:. Archived from
3446:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3414:
3408:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3369:
3363:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3138:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3053:
3047:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2976:
2970:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2723:
2717:
2716:, pp. 155â.
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2468:. March 13, 2008
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2224:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2161:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2123:
2117:
2100:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1966:. March 13, 2008
1954:
1948:
1938:
1932:
1913:
1907:
1890:
1884:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1825:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1663:
1648:East Syriac Rite
1554:â bishop, writer
1499:Babylon Movement
1328:Diocese of Mosul
1269:Iraqi Christians
1093:Biblical Aramaic
777:Kurdistan Region
771:, and declared:
468:Assyro-Chaldeans
464:Chaldo-Assyrians
457:
456:
447:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
350:
346:
344:
343:
330:
326:
324:
323:
310:
306:
304:
303:
275:
273:
272:
257:
255:
254:
239:
237:
236:
221:
219:
218:
189:Total population
177:
170:
164:
158:
155:
149:
122:
121:
114:
103:
83:
82:
75:
21:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7794:
7775:Iraqi Catholics
7750:
7749:
7748:
7743:
7731:
7721:
7719:
7711:
7654:
7529:
7506:Mardin Province
7369:
7348:
7331:Simele massacre
7265:
7194:
7159:(1st to 3rd c.)
7141:(64 BCEâ637 CE)
7135:(66 BCEâ217 CE)
7121:Parthian Empire
7115:Seleucid Empire
7107:
7101:
7097:Assyrian tribes
7065:(2025â1364 BCE)
7059:(2600â2025 BCE)
7038:
7036:
7033:
7025:
6982:
6935:
6919:
6888:
6847:
6840:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6804:
6773:
6762:
6760:Assyrian people
6757:
6727:
6722:
6686:
6617:Filioque clause
6590:
6549:
6476:Arab Christians
6398:Proto-orthodoxy
6360:
6352:
6339:
6321:
6290:
6248:
6241:
6195:
6190:
6160:
6155:
6143:
6137:* Defunct with
6129:
6063:Assyrian people
6051:
5984:
5865:Jacob of Serugh
5860:Jacob Baradaeus
5829:
5793:
5772:
5741:
5706:
5704:
5697:
5695:
5682:
5652:
5627:
5593:
5587:
5580:
5567:
5548:
5537:Maronite Church
5517:
5508:
5503:
5473:
5468:
5412:
5396:Public holidays
5319:
5170:
5153:
5092:
5062:
5045:
4904:
4884:
4867:
4798:Iraqi Kurdistan
4788:Euphrates river
4759:
4738:
4705:War (2014â2017)
4651:Operation Opera
4597:
4567:
4563:Arab Federation
4551:Kingdom of Iraq
4484:
4460:Fall of Babylon
4395:Akkadian Empire
4370:Samarra culture
4355:Hassuna culture
4332:
4319:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4252:
4228:Wayback Machine
4211:
4209:
4195:
4178:
4157:
4136:
4115:
4080:
4062:
4060:Further reading
4052:
4019:
3998:
3948:
3927:
3906:
3880:
3850:
3829:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3791:
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3758:
3752:
3748:
3738:
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3726:
3722:
3717:. 15 June 2018.
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3561:
3559:
3555:
3538:
3534:
3525:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:Nemrod Simono,
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3472:"Issa Benyamin"
3470:
3469:
3465:
3460:on 4 July 2014.
3448:
3447:
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3423:
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3399:
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3382:
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3326:
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3321:
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3308:
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3290:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3259:
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3254:
3241:
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3236:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3153:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3054:
3050:
3039:
3035:
3016:
3012:
3001:
2997:
2977:
2973:
2960:
2956:
2941:10.2307/1797632
2925:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2903:Wayback Machine
2893:
2889:
2876:
2872:
2859:
2855:
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2800:
2793:
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2611:
2607:
2594:
2590:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2543:
2539:
2525:
2523:
2515:Eldar, Yishai.
2513:
2509:
2501:
2492:
2485:
2481:
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2209:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2178:
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2158:
2147:
2143:
2124:
2120:
2101:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1935:
1914:
1910:
1891:
1887:
1868:
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1855:
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1794:
1790:
1783:
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1754:
1741:
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1736:
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1725:
1717:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1624:
1619:
1518:
1512:
1449:
1397:Syriac alphabet
1293:
1285:Catholic Church
1274:Assyrian people
1261:
1226:
1178:Syriac language
1101:Catholic Church
1070:
1068:Assyrian people
1056:
1032:
1024:
949:
923:
917:
608:
602:
524:who, after the
478:who follow the
413:
409:
341:
339:
321:
319:
301:
299:
270:
268:
252:
250:
234:
232:
216:
214:
184:
167:
159:
153:
150:
144:or excerpts to
135:
123:
119:
108:
84:
80:
71:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7803:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7729:
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7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7668:
7666:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7635:
7633:United Kingdom
7630:
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7605:
7600:
7595:
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7469:
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7449:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7427:
7426:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7386:Nineveh Plains
7377:
7375:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7328:
7322:
7316:
7313:Adana massacre
7310:
7304:
7298:
7292:
7289:Schism of 1552
7286:
7283:Ottoman Empire
7280:
7277:Safavid Empire
7273:
7271:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7245:
7239:
7233:
7227:
7224:Emirs of Mosul
7221:
7215:
7209:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7142:
7136:
7130:
7124:
7118:
7111:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7071:(1363â912 BCE)
7066:
7060:
7053:
7051:
7041:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
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6984:
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6807:
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6797:
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6756:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6733:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6703:Divine Liturgy
6700:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6687:
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6684:
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6674:
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6309:
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6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6251:
6243:
6242:
6218:Eastern Europe
6200:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6166:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6141:
6139:schism of 1552
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6100:
6099:
6098:
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5998:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5950:Cyril VI Tanas
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5890:Thomas of Cana
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
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5841:
5839:
5835:
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5808:
5806:
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5794:
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5603:
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5409:
5408:
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5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5172:
5171:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5134:Transportation
5131:
5126:
5124:Stock Exchange
5121:
5119:Reconstruction
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5099:Infrastructure
5096:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4984:
4979:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4958:Prime Minister
4955:
4954:
4953:
4943:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4702:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4666:1991 uprisings
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4616:Saddam Hussein
4613:
4602:
4601:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4546:Mandatory Iraq
4543:
4538:
4535:Mamluk dynasty
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4400:Gutian dynasty
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4321:
4320:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4280:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4230:
4218:
4194:
4193:External links
4191:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4176:
4161:
4155:
4140:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4098:
4091:
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4078:
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3996:
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3889:
3874:
3854:
3848:
3833:
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3807:
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3802:
3801:
3775:
3746:
3720:
3706:
3689:
3664:
3635:
3606:
3592:
3570:
3553:
3532:
3508:
3506:, Tehran, 1984
3493:
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3333:
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3306:
3288:
3270:
3252:
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3133:
3122:
3111:
3100:
3076:
3069:
3048:
3033:
3010:
2995:
2971:
2954:
2935:. e.g. p. 36.
2919:
2907:
2887:
2870:
2853:
2836:
2829:
2806:
2791:
2776:
2774:, p. 302.
2764:
2745:
2738:
2718:
2706:
2704:, p. 527.
2694:
2692:, p. 112.
2682:
2671:
2664:
2639:
2622:
2605:
2588:
2567:
2560:
2537:
2507:
2505:, p. 267.
2490:
2479:
2451:
2427:
2418:Austin, H. H.
2410:
2403:
2383:
2366:
2350:
2334:
2322:
2320:, p. 179.
2318:Southgate 1840
2310:
2304:
2277:
2262:
2250:
2207:
2194:
2183:
2176:
2156:
2141:
2118:
2095:
2080:
2062:
2055:
2035:
2020:
2009:
1994:
1977:
1949:
1933:
1908:
1885:
1862:
1837:
1808:(4): 325â329.
1788:
1781:
1763:
1734:
1723:
1694:
1683:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:Hala Y. Jarbou
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:Middle Eastern
1558:Hormuzd Rassam
1555:
1549:
1544:
1543:â calligrapher
1538:
1533:
1529:spokesman for
1519:
1511:
1510:Notable people
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1424:Saddam Hussein
1292:
1289:
1276:belong to the
1260:
1257:
1225:
1222:
1128:schism of 1552
1055:
1052:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1020:
948:
945:
916:
913:
853:Hormuzd Rassam
781:
780:
764:
763:
752:
751:
601:
598:
526:schism of 1552
401:
400:
386:
385:
381:
380:
372:
371:
367:
366:
360:
359:
355:
354:
351:
335:
334:
331:
315:
314:
313:250,000 (2018)
311:
295:
294:
291:
283:
282:
279:
265:
264:
261:
247:
246:
243:
229:
228:
227:241,471 (2016)
225:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
196:
195:
194:616,639 (2018)
191:
190:
186:
185:
178:
161:
160:
126:
124:
117:
110:
109:
87:
85:
78:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7802:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
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7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7728:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7665:
7661:
7651:
7648:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7639:
7638:United States
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
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7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7368:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7230:Buyid amirate
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7151:Roman Assyria
7149:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7104:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7077:(911â609 BCE)
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7045:
7042:
7032:
7028:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6978:Syriac script
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6843:
6838:
6837:Chaldean flag
6833:
6827:
6822:
6816:
6815:Assyrian flag
6811:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6761:
6754:
6749:
6747:
6742:
6740:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6689:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6571:New Testament
6569:
6567:
6566:Old Testament
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6350:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6327:Protestantism
6324:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6302:Old Believers
6300:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6202:Cultural area
6198:
6194:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6175:
6173:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6113:Phoenicianism
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5775:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5703:
5702:
5693:
5689:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5574:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5500:
5495:
5493:
5488:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5465:
5457:
5455:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5435:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5270:Iraqi Turkmen
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4905:(legislative)
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Syrian Desert
4836:
4834:
4833:Shatt al-Arab
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:Faw peninsula
4766:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Fall of Mosul
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:U.S. invasion
4681:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4646:IranâIraq War
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:Buyid dynasty
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Halaf culture
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4258:public domain
4246:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4051:9781594604362
4047:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4003:
3999:
3997:9780521811132
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:. Routledge.
3939:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3830:
3828:9781134430192
3824:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3813:Baum, Wilhelm
3810:
3809:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3434:
3419:
3413:
3406:
3404:
3397:
3391:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3152:9780313321092
3148:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3104:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3072:
3070:9780790544823
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:the Yezeedees
3052:
3046:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2702:OâMahony 2006
2698:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2675:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2297:September 10,
2290:
2284:
2282:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2240:on 2011-07-17
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2216:Parpola, Simo
2211:
2205:(205), p. 148
2204:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1852:on 2020-11-11
1851:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
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1699:
1692:
1687:
1673:on 2020-11-11
1672:
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1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:archaeologist
1567:
1563:
1562:Assyriologist
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:Issa Benyamin
1539:
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1447:Organizations
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1411:Protestants.
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1344:
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901:Mosul vilayet
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834:In 1843, The
832:
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818:Aram-Damascus
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756:Assyrian Star
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353:20,106 (2021)
352:
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333:31,372 (2016)
332:
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308:United States
296:
292:
290:
289:
284:
280:
278:
266:
263:10,000 (2016)
262:
260:
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245:48,594 (2016)
244:
242:
230:
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208:
206:
202:
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192:
187:
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176:
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147:
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133:
132:
127:This article
125:
116:
115:
106:
101:
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91:
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77:
76:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
7254:Qara Qoyunlu
7117:(312â63 BCE)
6848:Christianity
6794:
6632:Nestorianism
6627:Dyophysitism
6622:Miaphysitism
6612:Apophaticism
6576:Deuterocanon
6421:Paulicianism
6411:Nestorianism
6384:Roman Empire
6358:Hagia Sophia
6353:
6048:(Liturgical)
5955:Elias Mellus
5915:Bar Hebraeus
5875:Paul the Jew
5699:
5589:
5582:
5516:, legacy of
5298:Christianity
5180:Demographics
5114:Oil reserves
5109:Oil Industry
5076:Central Bank
4972:Human rights
4898:Constitution
4843:Tigris river
4823:Persian Gulf
4531:Ottoman Iraq
4516:Qara Qoyunlu
4350:Ubaid period
4267:
4250:
4210:. Retrieved
4203:
4185:
4166:
4145:
4124:
4103:
4094:
4087:
4068:
4041:
4031:
4007:
3987:
3973:
3963:
3936:
3915:
3894:
3884:
3869:
3865:
3838:
3817:
3794:September 3,
3792:. Retrieved
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:
3749:
3739:September 3,
3737:. Retrieved
3732:
3723:
3709:
3692:
3684:
3677:. Retrieved
3667:
3659:
3652:. Retrieved
3649:The Guardian
3648:
3638:
3630:
3623:. Retrieved
3619:the original
3609:
3601:"Fox Sports"
3595:
3583:. Retrieved
3573:
3556:
3542:
3535:
3524:. Retrieved
3520:
3511:
3502:
3496:
3484:. Retrieved
3480:the original
3475:
3466:
3458:the original
3453:
3444:
3433:
3422:. Retrieved
3412:
3402:
3396:
3381:. Retrieved
3379:. 2008-03-13
3376:
3367:
3360:The Guardian
3359:
3351:
3322:
3314:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
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3246:
3237:
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3192:
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3156:
3142:
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3092:the original
3079:
3058:
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3028:
3020:
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2998:
2990:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2917:, p. ?.
2910:
2890:
2880:
2873:
2863:
2856:
2850:. Tauchnitz.
2846:
2839:
2819:
2809:
2785:
2779:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2728:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2674:
2655:
2632:
2625:
2615:
2608:
2602:. Tauchnitz.
2598:
2591:
2577:
2570:
2550:
2540:
2531:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:
2510:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2440:www.aina.org
2439:
2430:
2420:
2413:
2393:
2386:
2376:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2343:
2337:
2332:, p. 5.
2325:
2313:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2265:
2242:. Retrieved
2235:the original
2230:
2226:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2186:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2126:
2121:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2012:
2003:
1997:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1893:
1888:
1870:
1865:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1840:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1772:
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1746:
1737:
1726:
1686:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1661:
1600:Randa Markos
1595:Justin Meram
1589:Rebin Sulaka
1504:Dwekh Nawsha
1421:
1413:
1406:, an ethnic
1390:
1359:
1332:
1312:
1282:
1262:
1259:21st century
1250:
1243:
1224:20th century
1215:
1159:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1117:
1109:metropolitan
1086:
1048:
1033:
1025:
1009:
950:
940:
938:
889:
850:
835:
833:
822:
804:
800:
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792:
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730:
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652:
635:
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515:
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459:
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405:
404:
286:
281:3,390 (2016)
151:
136:Please help
128:
104:
93:
72:
46:
37:This is the
31:
7613:New Zealand
7608:Netherlands
7372:Settlements
7285:(1555â1917)
7262:(1453â1501)
7256:(1375â1468)
7250:(1335â1432)
7244:(1258â1335)
7238:(1098â1268)
7199:Middle ages
7139:Roman Syria
7133:Syrian Wars
6770:Middle East
6708:Iconography
6682:Metousiosis
6541:2018 schism
6536:1996 schism
6234:South India
6226:East Africa
6214:Middle East
5975:Thoma Darmo
5838:Key figures
5777:Nestorian (
5579:, legacy of
5577:East Syriac
5514:West Syriac
5454:WikiProject
5255:Marsh Arabs
5240:Circassians
4921:Foreign aid
4813:Mesopotamia
4375:Uruk period
3317:, I, no. 4)
2802:Travis 2010
2772:Becker 2015
2755:JAA Studies
2652:"Chaldeans"
2503:Robson 2016
2330:Joseph 2000
1612:â Mayor of
1610:Basim Bello
1547:Paul Bedjan
1404:Paul Bedjan
1320:St. Hormizd
1238:Palm Sunday
1132:Roman Curia
1046:-speaking.
1040:Neo-Aramaic
789:Mesopotamia
708:Palm Sunday
390:Neo-Aramaic
375:The Bible (
7754:Categories
7496:Diyarbakır
7467:Tell Tamer
7462:Al-Hasakah
7358:By country
7270:Modern era
7260:Aq Qoyunlu
7232:(945â1055)
7226:(905â1383)
7220:(750â1258)
7035:(including
7011:Folk dance
6718:Omophorion
6713:Asceticism
6667:Hypostasis
6652:Philokalia
6581:Septuagint
6554:Scriptures
6491:Ghassanids
6426:Bogomilism
6416:Iconoclasm
6317:Tolstoyans
6258:Communions
6230:Asia Minor
5900:John Maron
5799:Protestant
5658:Protestant
5371:Television
5351:Literature
5313:Irreligion
5288:Secularism
5225:Minorities
5093:(currency)
5086:Corruption
4931:Government
4722:Insurgency
4521:Aq Qoyunlu
4342:Chronology
3872:: 433â453.
3788:Assyria TV
3679:August 19,
3654:August 19,
3625:August 20,
3585:August 20,
3526:2020-07-02
3424:2014-05-02
3403:Daily Star
3383:2009-12-31
2915:Nisan 2002
2867:. Bagster.
2619:. Bagster.
2526:August 25,
2445:2022-04-20
2244:2014-09-26
1856:2020-06-23
1757:2024-01-16
1747:abs.gov.au
1719:CNEWA 2016
1677:2020-06-23
1654:References
1579:Anna Eshoo
1536:Tariq Aziz
1523:Mark Arabo
1514:See also:
1417:Tariq Aziz
1366:Diyarbakır
1168:region of
1078:Diyarbakır
1058:See also:
919:See also:
915:Population
881:Christians
803:hold that
604:See also:
370:Scriptures
154:April 2022
146:Wikisource
7687:Dawronoye
7618:Palestine
7548:Australia
7521:Tur Abdin
7401:Tel Keppe
7321:(1914â20)
7309:(19th c.)
7291:(16th c.)
7279:(1508â55)
7242:Ilkhanate
7191:(502â628)
7185:(226â651)
7183:Asoristan
7153:(116â118)
7108:antiquity
7106:Classical
7039:contexts)
6936:languages
6662:Theotokos
6602:Hesychasm
6407:Heresies
6249:divisions
5989:Languages
5855:Nestorius
5696:legacy of
5633:Nestorian
5391:Squatting
5356:Education
5303:Mandaeism
5272:/Turkoman
5250:Mandaeans
5235:Assyrians
5230:Armenians
5193:Languages
5081:Companies
5036:Judiciary
4946:President
4916:Elections
4911:Democracy
4757:Geography
4673:Sanctions
4591:2003â2011
4586:1968â2003
4581:1958â1968
4440:Babylonia
4212:March 26,
3919:. BRILL.
3486:August 2,
3405:, Lebanon
2472:March 26,
2201:Girling,
2139:. p. 160.
1970:March 26,
1906:. p. 114.
1883:. p. 106.
1775:. Brill.
1614:Tel Keppe
1552:Toma Audo
1351:Babylonia
1304:monastery
1155:Nestorian
1141:The term
1138:to them.
1099:with the
1097:communion
989:Tel Keppe
973:Karamlesh
890:In 1920,
873:Yezeedees
865:Turkomans
829:Catholics
805:Jacobites
801:Chaldeans
797:Assyrians
793:Chaldeans
691:Kurdistan
675:this rite
667:states: â
558:Palestine
491:Christian
476:Assyrians
470:, are an
455:ÜÜČÜ ÜÜ”ÜÜčÌÜ
450:Chaldeans
384:Languages
358:Religions
348:Australia
142:Wikiquote
129:contains
7664:Politics
7535:Diaspora
7516:MazıdaÄı
7472:Qamishli
7445:Sanandaj
7418:Shaqlawa
7406:Bartella
7391:Qaraqosh
7367:Homeland
7165:(5th c.)
7147:(15â116)
7145:Adiabene
7092:Arameans
7047:Ancient
7021:Clothing
6963:Hertevin
6778:Identity
6647:Phronema
6595:Theology
6586:Peshitta
6238:Far East
6108:Arameans
6065:/Syriac
6056:See also
6016:Hertevin
6011:Garshuni
5850:Aphrahat
5434:Category
5283:Religion
5260:Persians
5144:Railways
5139:Airlines
5021:Military
4882:Politics
4858:Wildlife
4848:Umm Qasr
4678:Iraq War
4661:Gulf War
4573:Republic
4526:Safavids
4489:638â1958
4224:Archived
4205:BBC News
4029:(1840).
3958:(2009).
3860:(1896).
3768:June 23,
3390:BBC News
3377:BBC News
3344:BBC 2008
2899:Archived
2884:A. Cohn.
2761:(1): 80.
2636:A. Cohn.
2465:BBC News
2218:(2004).
1963:BBC News
1832:30906872
1751:Archived
1622:See also
1483:Militias
1408:Assyrian
1401:Lazarist
1316:monks of
1143:Chaldean
1136:Chaldaei
1030:Diaspora
1016:Turkomen
981:Shaqlawa
885:Assyrian
814:Arameans
810:Damascus
748:Assyrian
710:2018 in
530:Holy See
509:and the
497:and the
293:300,000+
209:300,000+
43:reviewed
7650:Uruguay
7643:Detroit
7598:Lebanon
7578:Germany
7573:Georgia
7563:Finland
7553:Belgium
7543:Armenia
7491:Hakkari
7345:(2014â)
7339:(2003â)
7327:(1919â)
7297:(1840s)
7127:Osroene
7049:Assyria
7037:related
7031:History
7016:Cuisine
6988:Culture
6929:Aramaic
6916:(1968â)
6910:(1692â)
6904:(1552â)
6885:(1940â)
6879:(1870â)
6873:(1662â)
6691:Worship
6642:Theoria
6637:Theosis
6486:Melkite
6448:Mongols
6366:History
6212:in the
5935:Thoma I
5464:Commons
5381:Smoking
5346:Culture
5341:Cuisine
5324:General
5308:Yazidis
5265:Solluba
5218:Persian
5208:Kurdish
5203:Aramaic
5168:Society
5149:Tourism
5060:Economy
4808:Islands
4783:Borders
4608: (
4598:present
4533:(incl.
4445:Assyria
4390:Subartu
4330:History
4260::
4243:in the
3806:Sources
3703:YouTube
3567:YouTube
2949:1797632
1823:6425969
1452:Parties
1347:Babylon
1343:Baghdad
1335:Baghdad
1251:A 1950
1187:Assyria
1182:Aramaic
1162:Chaldea
1001:Baghdad
985:Tesqopa
977:Mangesh
969:Batnaya
965:Baqofah
934:Baghdad
897:Baqubah
857:Assyria
846:el-KĂŽsh
783:During
718:Kurdish
695:Assyria
671:Baghdad
578:Georgia
550:Lebanon
460:KaldÄyÄ
377:Pshitta
183:, 1980s
100:Discuss
7707:Sutoro
7628:Sweden
7623:Russia
7603:Mexico
7593:Jordan
7588:Israel
7583:Greece
7568:France
7558:Canada
7511:Mardin
7501:ElazıÄ
7486:Turkey
7479:Khabur
7440:Salmas
7413:Ankawa
7396:Alqosh
7333:(1933)
7315:(1909)
7303:(1895)
7214:(630s)
7208:(630s)
6973:Mlaáž„sĂŽ
6968:Senaya
6953:Turoyo
6933:Syriac
6867:(518â)
6846:Syriac
6657:Praxis
6523:Raskol
6046:Syriac
6041:Turoyo
6031:Senaya
6026:Mlaáž„sĂŽ
5826:(2017)
5820:(1961)
5814:(1852)
5790:(1701)
5769:(1772)
5763:(1912)
5757:(1665)
5709:Kerala
5679:(1940)
5673:(1870)
5649:(1968)
5643:(1552)
5545:(1662)
5444:Portal
5386:Sports
5361:Health
5336:Cinema
5188:Iraqis
5091:Dinar
5026:Police
4828:Places
4318:topics
4247:(1908)
4174:
4153:
4132:
4111:
4076:
4048:
4015:
3994:
3944:
3923:
3902:
3846:
3825:
3550:, 152.
3149:
3067:
2947:
2827:
2736:
2662:
2558:
2401:
2174:
2135:
2112:
2053:
1926:Ê»ArqĆ«b
1902:
1879:
1830:
1820:
1779:
1616:, Iraq
1393:Syriac
1374:Salmas
1370:Kirkuk
1308:Alqosh
1234:Alqosh
1166:Levant
1113:Cyprus
1089:Jerome
1082:Turkey
1066:, and
1044:Arabic
991:, and
961:Araden
957:Ankawa
953:Alqosh
879:, and
869:Koords
712:Alqosh
685:, and
679:Kirkuk
657:, the
636:Suraye
576:, and
574:Turkey
566:Jordan
562:Israel
540:, and
538:Turkey
489:Other
442:Syriac
394:Sureth
345:
328:Canada
325:
305:
274:
256:
241:Turkey
238:
220:
181:Alqosh
90:merged
7452:Syria
7435:Urmia
7423:Zakho
6672:Ousia
6561:Canon
6443:India
6438:China
6393:Copts
6247:Main
6222:North
5880:Maron
5713:India
5588:(the
5564:(512)
5539:(685)
5376:Music
5366:Media
5293:Islam
5245:Kurds
5071:Banks
5009:Women
4803:Lakes
4596:2011â
4556:Kings
4385:Sumer
4236:UNHCR
3885:CNEWA
3881:(PDF)
3759:(PDF)
3388:from
3095:(PDF)
3088:(PDF)
2945:JSTOR
2292:(PDF)
2238:(PDF)
2223:(PDF)
1436:Sunni
1378:Urmia
1362:Basra
1355:Mosul
1324:Mosul
1240:2018.
1042:- or
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