446:. Whalers were the most knowledgeable about the animals, but their information was regarding migration routes and outer anatomy, and only little information of behavior. During the 1960s, people began studying the animals intensively, often in dedicated research institutes. The Tethys Institute of Milan, founded in 1986, compiled an extensive cetology database of the Mediterranean. This came from both concern about wild populations and also the capture of larger animals such as the orca, and gaining popularity of dolphin shows in
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373:. Many times they were seen as terrible monsters, such as killers of men, and destroyers of ships. They even bore odd names such as "pig whale", "horse whale", and "red whale". But not all creatures described were said to be fierce. Some were seen to be good, such as whales that drove shoals of herring towards the shore. This was seen as very helpful to fisherman.
328:, stating that they can live for at least twenty-five or thirty years. His achievement was remarkable for its time, because even today it is very difficult to estimate the life-span of advanced marine animals. After Aristotle's death, much of the knowledge he had gained about cetaceans was lost, only to be re-discovered during the
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seas. After examining the photos, they realized they could recognize certain individual whales by looking at the shape and condition of the dorsal fin, and also the shape of the saddle patch. These are as unique as a human fingerprint; no one animal's appearance exactly like another's. Once Biggs and
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Studying cetaceans presents numerous challenges. Cetaceans only spend 10% of their time on the surface, and all they do at the surface is breathe. There is very little behavior seen at the surface. It is also impossible to find any signs that an animal has been in an area. Cetaceans do not leave
384:. Because these animals live in water their entire lives, early scientists did not have the technology to study these animals further. It was not until the 16th century that things would begin to change. Then cetaceans would be proved to be mammals rather than fish.
484:
An alternative method of studying cetaceans is through examination of dead carcasses that wash up on the shore. If properly collected and stored, these carcasses can provide important information that is difficult to obtain in field studies.
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studies. Researchers use the color of the pectoral fins and color and scarring of the fluke to identify individuals. Scars from orca attacks found on the flukes of humpbacks are also used in identification.
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Ellis found they could recognize certain individuals, they realised that the animals travel in stable groups called pods. Researchers use photo identification to identify specific individuals and pods.
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of whales often floats and can be collected to tell important information about their diet and about the role they have in the environment. Often cetology involves waiting and paying close attention.
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In recent decades, methods of identifying individual cetaceans have enabled accurate population counts and insights into the life cycles and social structures of various species.
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Lavery, T.J., Butterfield, N., Kemper, C.M., Reid, R.J., Sanderson, K: (2008). Metals and selenium in the liver and bone of three dolphin species from South
Australia.
439:, and on a closer look and comparisons with other extinct animal fossils, led zoologists to conclude that cetaceans came from a family of ancient land mammals.
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to listen to calls of communicating animals, binoculars and other optical devices for scanning the horizon, cameras, notes, and a few other devices and tools.
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fishermen created an artificial notch on the dorsal fin of dolphins entangled in nets so that they could tell them apart years later.
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that had dog-like teeth and would demonstrate the same kind of aggression towards other cetaceans as wild dogs would to other
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435:(1769–1832) described the animals as mammals without any hind legs. Skeletons were assembled and displayed in the first
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Lavery, T.J. et al. 2010. Iron defecation by sperm whales stimulates carbon export in the
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Between the 16th and 20th centuries, much of our information on cetaceans came from
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One such successful system is photo-identification. This system was popularized by
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carefully took notes on cetaceans while traveling on boats with fishermen in the
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Observations about
Cetacea have been recorded since at least classical times.
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often have distinct markings that enable scientists to identify individuals.
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Whale
Trackers - A Documentary Series about Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises
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The study of whales, dolphins, porpoises, and other cetaceans
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Many of the early studies were based on dead specimens and
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describes other cetaceans, including the sperm whale and
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science that studies the approximately eighty species of
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stated that they were fish, and it was followed by many
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361:. The text even illustrated the hunting technique of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
205:, behavior, community dynamics, and other topics.
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574:The photographic system has also worked well in
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669:, by John K.B. Ford and Graeme M. Ellis, 1999
631:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B
527:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
247:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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470:tracks that can be followed. However, the
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547:Learn how and when to remove this message
267:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
667:Transients: Mammal-Hunting Killer Whales
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387:Aristotle argued they were mammals. But
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525:adding citations to reliable sources
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3306:Cetacean research and conservation
365:, which are now called orcas. The
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1736:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (
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2994:Mammalian anatomy and morphology
644:Science of the Total Environment
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1877:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (
1754:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (
1602:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (
1593:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (
294:Approximately 2,300 years ago,
34:needs additional citations for
1423:Southern right whale dolphin (
1414:Northern right whale dolphin (
1346:Atlantic white-sided dolphin (
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1:
2460:Deraniyagala's beaked whale (
2433:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (
1644:Pantropical spotted dolphin (
1611:Australian humpback dolphin (
1373:Pacific white-sided dolphin (
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421:, were they seen as mammals.
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864:North Atlantic right whale (
7:
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2406:Blainville's beaked whale (
2347:Tropical bottlenose whale (
2323:Southern bottlenose whale (
2314:Northern bottlenose whale (
1763:Common bottlenose dolphin (
1620:Atlantic humpback dolphin (
873:North Pacific right whale (
681:Dolphins in Greek Mythology
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424:Only decades later, French
10:
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2505:Stejneger's beaked whale (
1886:Yangtze finless porpoise (
1671:Atlantic spotted dolphin (
1256:Short-finned pilot whale (
411:(1707–1778) published the
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2081:Araguaian river dolphin (
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661:Whales: Giants of the Sea
2424:Gervais's beaked whale (
2379:Sowerby's beaked whale (
2090:Bolivian river dolphin (
616:
193:in the scientific order
2707:Biological anthropology
2562:Cuvier's beaked whale (
2487:Perrin's beaked whale (
2451:Hector's beaked whale (
2415:Ramari's beaked whale (
2388:Andrews' beaked whale (
2264:Arnoux's beaked whale (
1937:Burmeister's porpoise (
1704:Rough-toothed dolphin (
1128:(Oceanic dolphins)
927:Antarctic minke whale (
489:Identifying individuals
437:natural history museums
2273:Baird's beaked whale (
2173:Ganges river dolphin (
2099:Amazon river dolphin (
1480:Orca or killer whale (
1404:(Right whale dolphins)
1337:White-beaked dolphin (
855:Southern right whale (
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284:
134:
3236:Alfred Russel Wallace
3146:Water vascular system
2514:Spade-toothed whale (
2478:True's beaked whale (
2469:Strap-toothed whale (
2442:Gray's beaked whale (
2397:Hubbs' beaked whale (
2282:Sato's beaked whale (
2182:Indus river dolphin (
1910:Spectacled porpoise (
1726:(Bottlenose dolphins)
1167:Heaviside's dolphin (
1149:Commerson's dolphin (
954:Pygmy Bryde's whale (
611:Cetology of Moby-Dick
461:
282:
125:A researcher fires a
124:
3097:Cellular respiration
2496:Pygmy beaked whale (
2369:(Mesoplodont whales)
1528:False killer whale (
1504:Melon-headed whale (
1224:Pygmy killer whale (
918:Common minke whale (
606:Category:Cetologists
521:improve this section
433:Baron Georges Cuvier
241:improve this section
43:improve this article
3262:Timeline of zoology
3191:Karl Ernst von Baer
3092:Respiratory pigment
2967:Mineralized tissues
2304:(Bottlenose whales)
2044:Dwarf sperm whale (
2035:Pygmy sperm whale (
1867:(Finless porpoises)
1583:(Humpback dolphins)
1447:Irrawaddy dolphin (
1364:Hourglass dolphin (
1075:Pygmy right whale (
359:terrestrial animals
177:) is the branch of
3077:Respiratory system
3065:General physiology
2962:Connective tissues
2219:La Plata dolphin (
1919:Harbour porpoise (
1888:N. asiaeorientalis
1745:Burrunan dolphin (
1313:Fraser's dolphin (
1176:Hector's dolphin (
467:
454:Studying cetaceans
310:History of Animals
305:Historia animalium
285:
283:Bottlenose dolphin
135:
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3231:Jakob von Uexküll
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3164:Insect physiology
3057:Animal physiology
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2974:Molecular anatomy
2947:Epithelial tissue
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2876:Xenacoelomorpha
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2680:Lepidopterology
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418:Systema Naturae
389:Pliny the Elder
367:Speculum Regale
346:Speculum Regale
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2986:and morphology
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2957:Nervous tissue
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2921:Animal anatomy
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2837:Zooarchaeology
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2695:Orthopterology
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2675:Coleopterology
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2652:Arthropodology
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2624:
2623:
2616:
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2601:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:Z. cavirostris
2558:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2523:
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2520:
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2288:
2279:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2247:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:P. blainvillei
2215:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2156:
2150:
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2145:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:I. geoffrensis
2096:
2092:I. boliviensis
2087:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1974:
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1955:
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1939:P. spinipinnis
1934:
1925:
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1873:
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1830:
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1800:Beluga whale (
1796:
1794:
1791:Delphinapterus
1783:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1714:
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1706:S. bredanensis
1700:
1698:
1690:
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1668:
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1599:
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1554:S. fluviatilis
1548:
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1388:
1379:
1375:L. obliquidens
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1339:L. albirostris
1333:
1331:
1328:Lagenorhynchus
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1272:
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1262:
1252:
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1246:(Pilot whales)
1234:
1233:
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1218:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1151:C. commersonii
1145:
1143:
1132:
1114:
1113:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
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1023:
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1020:
1010:
1008:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
990:Rice's whale (
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
942:
933:
929:B. bonaerensis
924:
914:
912:
901:
887:
886:
883:
882:
880:
879:
870:
861:
851:
849:
845:(Right whales)
833:
832:
830:
829:
819:
817:
806:
796:
795:
779:
778:
776:
775:
769:
763:
761:Laurasiatheria
757:
751:
745:
739:
732:
729:
728:
719:
718:
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675:External links
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576:humpback whale
555:
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452:
430:paleontologist
353:. It mentions
326:common dolphin
318:toothed whales
302:. In his book
275:
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3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Konrad Lorenz
3219:
3217:
3216:Carl Linnaeus
3214:
3212:
3211:William Kirby
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3119:Blood vessels
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3032:
3031:Shark anatomy
3029:
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3022:
3019:
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2812:Neuroethology
2810:
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2755:
2752:
2751:Testudinology
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Helminthology
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:Myriapodology
2699:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
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2657:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:Anthrozoology
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2507:M. stejnegeri
2503:
2501:
2499:
2498:M. peruvianus
2494:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2435:M. ginkgodens
2431:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2399:M. carlhubbsi
2395:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2325:H. planifrons
2321:
2319:
2317:
2316:H. ampullatus
2312:
2311:
2309:
2299:
2298:
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2287:
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2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Pontoporiidae
2197:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Platanistidae
2151:
2141:
2139:
2138:L. vexillifer
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
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2038:
2033:
2032:
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2027:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1998:Sperm whale (
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
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1958:
1956:
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1647:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1613:S. sahulensis
1609:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1563:S. guianensis
1559:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1530:P. crassidens
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1495:Peponocephala
1491:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1454:
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1411:
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1334:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1304:Lagenodelphis
1300:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1263:
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1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1169:C. heavisidii
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1123:
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1111:
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1098:
1080:
1078:
1073:
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1070:
1068:
1067:
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1059:
1057:
1056:Cetotheriidae
1053:
1043:
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1036:
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1033:
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1025:
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1017:
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869:
867:
862:
860:
858:
853:
852:
850:
840:
839:
834:
828:
826:
825:B. mysticetus
821:
820:
818:
816:
815:
810:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
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733:
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703:
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682:
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646:390(1): 77–85
645:
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626:
622:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
595:
592:
590:
589:Mammal Review
587:
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580:
577:
572:
569:
565:
560:
551:
548:
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530:
526:
522:
516:
515:
511:
506:This section
504:
500:
495:
494:
486:
482:
480:
475:
473:
464:
460:
451:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
431:
427:
422:
420:
419:
414:
413:tenth edition
410:
409:Carl Linnaeus
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:baleen whales
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
292:
290:
289:Ancient Greek
281:
271:
268:
260:
250:
246:
242:
236:
235:
231:
226:This section
224:
220:
215:
214:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:marine mammal
176:
172:
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167:
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143:
139:
132:
128:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3087:Gas exchange
3026:Fish anatomy
3021:Bird anatomy
2881:Ambulacraria
2827:Paleozoology
2822:Parasitology
2780:
2741:Batrachology
2722:Ethnozoology
2717:Cnidariology
2563:
2551:
2540:T. shepherdi
2539:
2527:
2516:M. traversii
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2426:M. europaeus
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2360:
2349:I. pacificus
2348:
2336:
2324:
2315:
2295:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2253:
2220:
2208:
2183:
2175:P. gangetica
2174:
2162:
2137:
2125:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2070:
2045:
2037:K. breviceps
2036:
2024:
1999:
1987:
1979:Physeteridae
1962:
1952:Phocoenoides
1950:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1912:P. dioptrica
1911:
1899:
1887:
1878:
1858:
1826:M. monoceros
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1781:Monodontidae
1765:T. truncatus
1764:
1756:T. erebennus
1755:
1747:T. australis
1746:
1737:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1673:S. frontalis
1672:
1663:
1654:
1646:S. attenuata
1645:
1633:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1595:S. chinensis
1594:
1574:
1562:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1458:O. heinsohni
1457:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1415:
1397:Lissodelphis
1395:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1357:L. australis
1356:
1347:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1257:
1239:Globicephala
1237:
1226:F. attenuata
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1138:
1077:C. marginata
1076:
1064:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1014:Gray whale (
1005:Eschrichtius
1003:
991:
982:
973:
964:
963:Blue whale (
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
909:Balaenoptera
907:
874:
866:E. glacialis
865:
857:E. australis
856:
836:
824:
812:
773:Whippomorpha
767:Artiodactyla
666:
660:
643:
638:
630:
625:
573:
564:Michael Bigg
561:
558:
543:
534:
519:Please help
507:
483:
476:
468:
448:marine parks
441:
423:
416:
397:Pierre Belon
386:
375:
366:
362:
354:
344:
335:Many of the
334:
309:
303:
293:
286:
263:
254:
239:Please help
227:
174:
170:
164:
150:
137:
136:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3257:Post-Darwin
3134:Capillaries
3072:Respiration
2832:Planktology
2817:Ornithology
2801:Primatology
2757:Ichthyology
2737:Herpetology
2712:Bryozoology
2690:Myrmecology
2685:Melittology
2666:Carcinology
2656:Arachnology
2471:M. layardii
2390:M. bowdoini
2338:Indopacetus
1921:P. phocoena
1860:Neophocoena
1848:(Porpoises)
1842:Phocoenidae
1416:L. borealis
1384:L. obscurus
1366:L. cruciger
1160:C. eutropia
1122:Delphinidae
1107:Odontoceti
1016:E. robustus
983:B. physalus
981:Fin whale (
965:B. musculus
938:B. borealis
936:Sei whale (
875:E. japonica
759:Superorder
753:Infraclass
479:hydrophones
395:. However,
393:naturalists
341:Scandinavia
330:Renaissance
322:sperm whale
129:dart at an
3295:Categories
3252:Pre-Darwin
3226:Thomas Say
3183:Zoologists
3157:By species
2896:Arthropoda
2861:Ctenophora
2807:Nematology
2791:Felinology
2771:Teuthology
2766:Conchology
2762:Malacology
2671:Entomology
2529:Tasmacetus
2489:M. perrini
2462:M. hotaula
2453:M. hectori
2362:Mesoplodon
2297:Hyperoodon
2284:B. minimus
2275:B. bairdii
2266:B. arnuxii
2210:Pontoporia
2164:Platanista
1738:T. aduncus
1655:S. clymene
1622:S. teuszii
1604:S. plumbea
1506:P. electra
1425:L. peronii
1291:G. griseus
1202:D. delphis
1178:C. hectori
1105:Parvorder
897:(Rorquals)
804:Balaenidae
789:Mysticeti
787:Parvorder
654:References
537:March 2024
300:Aegean Sea
203:morphology
175:whaleology
99:March 2024
69:newspapers
58:"Cetology"
3311:Mammalogy
3082:Breathing
2934:Histology
2796:Hippology
2777:Mammalogy
2746:Ophiology
2660:Acarology
2381:M. bidens
2255:Berardius
2237:Ziphiidae
2117:Lipotidae
1928:Vaquita (
1824:Narwhal (
1802:D. leucas
1519:Pseudorca
1348:L. acutus
1191:Delphinus
1029:Megaptera
974:B. omurai
947:B. brydei
838:Eubalaena
771:Suborder
508:does not
426:zoologist
296:Aristotle
228:does not
199:evolution
191:porpoises
171:whalelore
3301:Cetology
3280:Category
3124:Arteries
3009:Elephant
2984:Anatomy
2911:Annelida
2906:Mollusca
2886:Chordata
2871:Cnidaria
2866:Placozoa
2856:Porifera
2786:Cynology
2781:Cetology
2727:Ethology
2640:Branches
2553:Ziphius
2480:M. mirus
2444:M. grayi
2184:P. minor
2046:K. simus
2016:Kogiidae
1989:Physeter
1963:P. dalli
1930:P. sinus
1901:Phocoena
1719:Tursiops
1635:Stenella
1552:Tucuxi (
1438:Orcaella
1315:L. hosei
1267:G. melas
992:B. ricei
956:B. edeni
755:Eutheria
749:Mammalia
743:Chordata
737:Animalia
735:Kingdom
600:See also
594:Cetology
337:medieval
324:and the
257:May 2013
187:dolphins
138:Cetology
3245:History
2942:Tissues
2631:Outline
2620:Zoology
2417:M. eueu
2136:Baiji (
2127:Lipotes
2062:Iniidae
1815:Monodon
1543:Sotalia
1482:O. orca
1471:Orcinus
1280:Grampus
1066:Caperea
814:Balaena
741:Phylum
726:species
724:Cetacea
722:Extant
529:removed
514:sources
444:whalers
382:anatomy
371:narwhal
351:Iceland
249:removed
234:sources
209:History
195:Cetacea
157:"; and
83:scholar
2849:groups
2847:Animal
1215:Feresa
765:Order
747:Class
663:, 2000
405:uterus
403:and a
189:, and
183:whales
166:-logia
160:-λογία
140:(from
127:biopsy
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3141:Heart
3129:Veins
3114:Lymph
3109:Blood
2999:Human
2026:Kogia
1695:Steno
1576:Sousa
617:Notes
401:lungs
169:) or
155:whale
151:kētos
146:κῆτος
142:Greek
90:JSTOR
76:books
2072:Inia
512:any
510:cite
472:dung
428:and
378:myth
363:orcs
355:orcs
316:and
232:any
230:cite
131:orca
62:news
3014:Cat
3004:Dog
523:by
415:of
243:by
153:, "
45:by
3297::
450:.
332:.
185:,
163:,
149:,
2803:)
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