64:
44:
257:, which are narrow and often much-branched. The forked leaves are brittle and stiff to the touch in some species, softer in others. Roots are completely absent and are missing even in the embryonic stage, but sometimes they develop modified leaves with a rootlike appearance, which anchor the plant to the bottom. Also
549:
into its appropriately recognized species, subspecies, and varieties is not settled. More than 30 species have been described and published. A narrow interpretation of this work rejects over 24 of these taxa as variants, accepting only 6 species. This narrow interpretation lumps to the point of
252:
grows completely submerged, usually, though not always, floating on the surface, and does not tolerate drought. The plant stems can reach 1–3 m in length. At intervals along nodes of the stem they produce rings of bright green
550:
failing to give these potential species the taxonomic importance of even being named on a subspecific or varietal level. The genus as narrowly defined in this manner contains the following six species:
863:
Yang, Yongzhi; Sun, Pengchuan; Lv, Leke; Wang, Donglei; Ru, Dafu; Li, Ying; Ma, Tao; Zhang, Lei; Shen, Xingxing; Meng, Fanbo; Jiao, Beibei; Shan, Lanxing; Liu, Man; Wang, Qingfeng; Qin, Zhiji (2020).
269:) in the autumn, which sink to the bottom and give the impression that the plant has been killed by the frost; but come spring, these will grow back into the long stems, slowly filling up the pond.
989:
1009:
598:
292:, but recent research has shown that it is not closely related to Nymphaeaceae or any other extant plant family. Some early molecular phylogenies suggested it was the
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including four accepted living species in 2016, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only
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Frontiers | Refined
Interpretation of the Pistillate Flower in Ceratophyllum Sheds Fresh Light on Gynoecium Evolution in Angiosperms
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963:
616:(soft/tropical hornwort) – Europe, Middle-East, Central Asia, northern and central Africa, Florida, and Dominican Republic
1107:
922:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
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735:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
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17:
1387:
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are small and inconspicuous, with the male and female flowers on the same plant. In ponds it forms thick buds (
1356:
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is considered distinctive enough to warrant its own family, Ceratophyllaceae. It was considered a relative of
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to all other angiosperms, but more recent research suggests that it is the sister group to the
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865:"Prickly waterlily and rigid hornwort genomes shed light on early angiosperm evolution"
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683:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
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242:, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division
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300:. This notion was supported upon sequencing of the
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719:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
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230:, itself the only extant family in the order
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712:
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681:Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016).
642:
640:
1007:Ceratophyllaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF
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42:
974:Germplasm Resources Information Network:
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821:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
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926:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
739:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
14:
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728:
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594:(prickly hornwort) – Near-cosmopolitan
572:(rigid/common hornwort) – cosmopolitan
1023:
1022:
956:
815:
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801:
786:
784:
545:The subgeneric division of the genus
1393:5979fbfa-624f-4b54-9d4e-f9478b853dce
1305:1dcef8b1-6aee-477e-88bf-ba7dd20c3a3a
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823:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
920:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
835:
766:Competition Science Vision nov 2003
733:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
723:
312:accepts the phylogeny shown below:
24:
982:
798:
781:
25:
1463:
1000:
1357:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330840-2
939:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
583:(spiny hornwort) – North America
62:
856:
843:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
770:
759:
13:
1:
630:
7:
599:Ceratophyllum platyacanthum
272:
10:
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962:Angiosperm Phylogeny Web:
700:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
661:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
656:Plants of the World Online
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234:. They are usually called
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59:Scientific classification
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50:
41:
34:
841:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
807:Flora of North America:
621:Ceratophyllum tanaiticum
610:Ceratophyllum submersum
588:Ceratophyllum muricatum
577:Ceratophyllum echinatum
52:Ceratophyllum submersum
566:Ceratophyllum demersum
556:Ceratophyllum australe
1326:Paleobiology Database
304:genome in 2020. The
226:genus in the family
1012:2012-02-26 at the
168:Hydroceratophyllon
1452:Freshwater plants
1447:Angiosperm genera
1429:
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1313:Open Tree of Life
1025:Taxon identifiers
752:10.1111/boj.12385
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284:and included in
244:Anthocerotophyta
228:Ceratophyllaceae
220:flowering plants
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1225:iNaturalist
1057:Wikispecies
949:10654/18083
745:(1): 1–20.
355:Nymphaeales
320:angiosperms
302:C. demersum
286:Nymphaeales
102:Angiosperms
1436:Categories
631:References
399:magnoliids
1147:FloraBase
889:2055-0278
687:Phytotaxa
240:hornworts
236:coontails
197:Mavrodiev
194:Fassettia
152:See text
72:Kingdom:
1388:VicFlora
1377:VASCAN:
1370:40004488
1365:Tropicos
1243:330840-2
1108:eFloraSA
1042:Wikidata
1010:Archived
907:32094642
625:Sapjegin
473:eudicots
436:monocots
298:eudicots
273:Taxonomy
159:Synonyms
146:Species
118:Family:
1256:1341195
1204:2882396
898:8075997
666:25 July
560:Griseb.
541:Species
306:APG III
288:in the
267:turions
263:flowers
259:stomata
128:Genus:
108:Order:
76:Plantae
1419:394610
1339:PLANTS
1302:NZOR:
1191:106192
1165:106192
1074:189275
1071:APDB:
1048:Q21795
905:
895:
887:
849:
829:
581:A.Gray
255:leaves
224:extant
181:Moench
1414:WoRMS
1344:CERAT
1318:10945
1269:18402
1251:IRMNG
1230:60999
1173:FoAO2
1152:21431
1139:1CEYG
1126:61981
1087:60104
603:Cham.
592:Cham.
216:genus
211:is a
189:Röhl.
96:Clade
83:Clade
1352:POWO
1331:5268
1295:4427
1290:NCBI
1264:ITIS
1238:IPNI
1217:2302
1212:GRIN
1199:GBIF
1134:EPPO
1100:3KV7
1082:APNI
903:PMID
885:ISSN
847:ISBN
827:ISBN
668:2023
172:Ség.
1401:WFO
1380:973
1277:NBN
1186:FoC
1160:FNA
1121:EoL
1095:CoL
944:hdl
934:doi
930:161
893:PMC
877:doi
747:doi
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695:doi
691:261
652:L."
238:or
218:of
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614:L.
570:L.
246:.
139:L.
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648:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
