2049:
handling polluted fluids, for example, when draining water from construction pits. This pump type operates without a foot valve and without an evacuation device on the suction side. The pump has to be primed with the fluid to be handled prior to commissioning. Two-phase mixture is pumped until the suction line has been evacuated and the fluid level has been pushed into the front suction intake chamber by atmospheric pressure. During normal pumping operation this pump works like an ordinary centrifugal pump.
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1959:
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impeller. Air escapes to the back of the impeller and a special expeller discharges the air back to the suction tank. The impeller may also feature special small vanes between the primary vanes called split vanes or secondary vanes. Some pumps may feature a large eye, an inducer or recirculation of pressurized froth from the pump discharge back to the suction to break the bubbles.
221:
outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped diffuser, or scroll, section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increases the pressure.
2048:
Another type of self-priming pump is a centrifugal pump with two casing chambers and an open impeller. This design is not only used for its self-priming capabilities but also for its degassing effects when pumping two-phase mixtures (air/gas and liquid) for a short time in process engineering or when
1986:
Magnetically coupled pumps, or magnetic drive pumps, vary from the traditional pumping style, as the motor is coupled to the pump by magnetic means rather than by a direct mechanical shaft. The pump works via a drive magnet, 'driving' the pump rotor, which is magnetically coupled to the primary shaft
220:
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy in a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially
2007:
The process of filling the pump with liquid is called priming. All centrifugal pumps require liquid in the liquid casing to prime. If the pump casing becomes filled with vapors or gases, the pump impeller becomes gas-bound and incapable of pumping. To ensure that a centrifugal pump remains primed
2044:
The air escapes through the pump discharge nozzle whilst the fluid drops back down and is once more entrained by the impeller. The suction line is thus continuously evacuated. The design required for such a self-priming feature has an adverse effect on pump efficiency. Also, the dimensions of the
2031:
Centrifugal pumps that are not designed with an internal or external self-priming stage can only start to pump the fluid after the pump has initially been primed with the fluid. Sturdier but slower, their impellers are designed to move liquid, which is far denser than air, leaving them unable to
1504:
is generated to separate the rich minerals or bitumen from the sand and clays. Froth contains air that tends to block conventional pumps and cause loss of prime. Over history, industry has developed different ways to deal with this problem. In the pulp and paper industry holes are drilled in the
2016:
In normal conditions, common centrifugal pumps are unable to evacuate the air from an inlet line leading to a fluid level whose geodetic altitude is below that of the pump. Self-priming pumps have to be capable of evacuating air from the pump suction line without any external auxiliary devices.
229:
A consequence of Newton's second law of mechanics is the conservation of the angular momentum (or the “moment of momentum”) which is of fundamental significance to all turbomachines. Accordingly, the change of the angular momentum is equal to the sum of the external moments. Angular momentums
1971:
An oilfield solids control system needs many centrifugal pumps to sit on or in mud tanks. The types of centrifugal pumps used are sand pumps, submersible slurry pumps, shear pumps, and charging pumps. They are defined for their different functions, but their working principle is the same.
1987:
driven by the motor. They are often used where leakage of the fluid pumped poses a great risk (e.g., aggressive fluid in the chemical or nuclear industry, or electric shock - garden fountains). Other use cases include when corrosive, combustible, or toxic fluids must be pumped (e.g.,
2008:
and does not become gas-bound, most centrifugal pumps are located below the level of the source from which the pump is to take its suction. The same effect can be gained by supplying liquid to the pump suction under pressure supplied by another pump placed in the suction line.
1521:
A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. At each stage, the fluid is directed to the center before making its way to the discharge on the outer diameter.
167:
Common uses include water, sewage, agriculture, petroleum, and petrochemical pumping. Centrifugal pumps are often chosen for their high flow rate capabilities, abrasive solution compatibility, mixing potential, as well as their relatively simple engineering. A
2040:
action and ensure that the fluid remains in the casing when the pump has been stopped. In self-priming centrifugal pumps with a separation chamber the fluid pumped and the entrained air bubbles are pumped into the separation chamber by the impeller action.
155:
are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. They are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing
1483:
Vertical centrifugal pumps are also referred to as cantilever pumps. They utilize a unique shaft and bearing support configuration that allows the volute to hang in the sump while the bearings are outside the sump. This style of pump uses no
794:
1147:
Fig 2.3 (a) shows the velocity triangle of a forward-curved vane impeller; Fig 2.3 (b) shows the velocity triangle of a radial straight-vane impeller. It illustrates rather clearly energy added to the flow (shown in vector
2045:
separating chamber are relatively large. For these reasons this solution is only adopted for small pumps, e.g. garden pumps. More frequently used types of self-priming pumps are side-channel and water-ring pumps.
1442:) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction and any losses due to valves or pipe bends are all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is more commonly expressed as kilowatts (10 W, kW) or
524:
1850:) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction and any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is more commonly expressed as kilowatts (10 W, kW) or
1662:
639:
192:
According to Reti, the first machine that could be characterized as a centrifugal pump was a mud lifting machine which appeared as early as 1475 in a treatise by the
Italian Renaissance engineer
2024:
or side-channel pumps are also classified as self-priming pumps. Self-Priming centrifugal pumps were invented in 1935. One of the first companies to market a self-priming centrifugal pump was
1991:, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sulfuric acid, ferric/ferrous chloride or nitric acid). They have no direct connection between the motor shaft and the impeller, so no stuffing box or
1274:
1473:
801:
In Eq. (2) the sum of 4 front element number call static pressure, the sum of last 2 element number call velocity pressure look carefully on the Fig 2.2 and the detail equation.
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160:. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or
2200:
Reti, Ladislao; Di
Giorgio Martini, Francesco (Summer 1963). "Francesco di Giorgio (Armani) Martini's Treatise on Engineering and Its Plagiarists".
2328:
1532:. For example, a 350 MW unit would require two feedpumps in parallel. Each feedpump is a multistage centrifugal pump producing 150 L/s at 21 MPa.
1999:, support inside the pump is provided by bushings. The pump size of a magnetic drive pumps can go from few watts of power to a giant 1 MW.
1591:
1995:
is needed. There is no risk of leakage, unless the casing is broken. Since the pump shaft is not supported by bearings outside the pump's
1525:
For higher pressures at the outlet, impellers can be connected in series. For higher flow output, impellers can be connected in parallel.
1225:
427:
Since no pressure forces are created on cylindrical surfaces in the circumferential direction, it is possible to write Eq. (1.10) as:
2269:. 21st International Pump Users Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland. Published by Texas A&M University, Texas, USA. Archived from
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All energy transferred to the fluid is derived from the mechanical energy driving the impeller. This can be measured at
79:
2382:
2147:
119:
53:
1547:
The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height lifted and the length and
17:
1488:
to seal the shaft but instead utilizes a "throttle bushing". A common application for this style of pump is in a
86:
1893:
The energy usage is determined by multiplying the power requirement by the length of time the pump is operating.
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536:
Based on Eq. (1.13) Euler developed the head pressure equation created by the impeller see Fig.2.2
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1539:
compression, resulting in a slight temperature increase (in addition to the pressure increase).
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137:
1890:, may be stated for the pump itself or as a combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.
1475:, may be stated for the pump itself or as a combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.
1144:. This rule was helpful to detail Eq.(1) become Eq.(2) and wide explained how the pump works.
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A pair of centrifugal pumps for circulating hot water within a hydronic heating system
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789:{\displaystyle Yth=1/2(u_{2}^{2}-u_{1}^{2}+w_{1}^{2}-w_{2}^{2}+c_{2}^{2}-c_{1}^{2})}
2434:
2209:
1940:
1937:—centrifugal pumps must be filled (with the fluid to be pumped) in order to operate
200:
built one using straight vanes. The curved vane was introduced by
British inventor
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1992:
1945:
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converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy.
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196:. True centrifugal pumps were not developed until the late 17th century, when
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27:
Pump used to transport fluids by conversion of rotational kinetic energy
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Other pump types may be more suitable for high pressure applications
35:
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212:
144:
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2157:
1854:(1 hp = 0.746 kW). The value for the pump efficiency,
2037:
2032:
operate when air is present. In addition, a suction-side swing
1528:
A common application of the multistage centrifugal pump is the
2297:
Practical centrifugal pumps design, operation and maintenance
1771:
1501:
2341:
2074:
2068:
1909:
519:{\displaystyle \rho Q(c_{2}ur_{2}-c_{1}ur_{1})=M+M_{\tau }}
1500:
In the mineral industry, or in the extraction of oilsand,
2020:
Centrifugal pumps with an internal suction stage such as
1901:
These are some difficulties faced in centrifugal pumps:
1966:
1641:
1611:
2199:
1657:{\displaystyle P_{i}={\cfrac {\rho \ g\ H\ Q}{\eta }}}
1644:
1614:
2491:
ASME B73 Standards
Committee, Chemical Standard Pumps
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1808:
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1756:
1748:
is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s)
1734:
1708:
1675:
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1557:
1551:
of the pipeline. The power required to drive a pump (
1452:
1428:
1404:
1382:
1360:
1352:
is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s)
1338:
1316:
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634:{\displaystyle Yth.g=H_{t}=c_{2}u.u_{2}-c_{1}u.u_{1}}
544:
435:
409:
387:
365:
343:
321:
295:
272:
238:
180:. The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a
851:= between 9.78 and 9.82 m/s depending on latitude,
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2137:
1919:—can be worsened by suspended solids or cavitation
1882:
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423:is the peripheral circumferential velocity vector.
415:
393:
371:
349:
327:
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278:
256:
2300:(1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Newnes. p. 13.
2502:
2193:
2011:
1912:) of the system is too low for the selected pump
1896:
1418:is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal
1374:is the energy head added to the flow (in metres)
1308:is the mechanics input power required (in watts)
1269:{\displaystyle \eta ={\frac {\rho .gQH}{P_{m}}}}
2172:"Sprayer Pump Types, Costs, and Specifications"
1508:
2036:or a vent valve must be fitted to prevent any
1925:inside the pump caused by the fluid properties
1108:The color triangle formed by velocity vectors
2259:
1975:
1962:Pie chart showing what causes damage to pumps
1478:
2327:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
904:: peripheral circumferential velocity vector
2422:
2420:
1770:is the energy Head added to the flow (in
1585:Single-stage radial-flow centrifugal pump
855:standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s
312:act on an impeller or a diffuser, where:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2366:
1957:
1954:Large solids or debris may clog the pump
1580:
1512:
531:
266:at inlet and outlet, an external torque
211:
143:
131:
2417:
1578:) is defined simply using SI units by:
949:: inlet circumferential velocity vector
224:
164:chamber (casing), from which it exits.
14:
2503:
2426:
2234:
2131:
1468:{\displaystyle \eta _{\textrm {pump}}}
2344:Know and understand centrifugal pumps
2342:Larry Bachus, Angle Custodio (2003).
2293:
1446:. The value for the pump efficiency,
2294:Moniz, Paresh Girdhar, Octo (2004).
1967:Centrifugal pumps for solids control
1218:
1103:
207:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
1168:) inversely change upon flow rate
942:{\displaystyle u_{1}=r_{1}\omega }
897:{\displaystyle u_{2}=r_{2}\omega }
25:
2542:
2496:
2463:"How do self-priming pumps work?"
2235:GĂĽlich, Johann Friedrich (2010).
1099:: outlet absolute velocity vector
1041:: outlet relative velocity vector
172:is commonly used to implement an
2433:. Berlin: Springer. p. 79.
1908:—the net positive suction head (
1796:is the volumetric flow rate (in
1696:is the input power required (in
1012:: inlet relative velocity vector
216:Cutaway view of centrifugal pump
34:
2455:
1542:
429:
45:needs additional citations for
2391:
2360:
2335:
2287:
2253:
2228:
2164:
1826:of the pump plant as a decimal
1495:
1070:inlet absolute velocity vector
976:{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi n}
783:
675:
494:
442:
13:
1:
2124:
2012:Self-priming centrifugal pump
1931:Leakage along rotating shaft.
1897:Problems of centrifugal pumps
831:: theoretical head pressure:
136:Warman centrifugal pump in a
2178:. 2018-10-13. Archived from
2140:Principles of Turbomachinery
1934:
1883:{\displaystyle \eta _{pump}}
1830:The head added by the pump (
1509:Multistage centrifugal pumps
1422:The head added by the pump (
645:
538:
401:the absolute velocity vector
286:and friction moments due to
194:Francesco di Giorgio Martini
7:
2399:"What is a Mag-Drive Pump?"
2138:Shepard, Dennis G. (1956).
2052:
1928:Overheating due to low flow
1517:Multistage centrifugal pump
1330:is the fluid density (kg/m)
335:is the fluid density (kg/m)
10:
2547:
2484:
2367:Karassik, Igor J. (2001).
2239:(2nd ed.). Springer.
2109:Thermodynamic pump testing
2002:
1979:
1976:Magnetically coupled pumps
1479:Vertical centrifugal pumps
859:gravitational acceleration
187:
2439:10.1007/978-3-642-12824-0
2069:Net positive suction head
1724:kilograms per cubic metre
1722:is the fluid density (in
1396:is the flow rate (in m/s)
257:{\displaystyle \rho Qrcu}
1549:friction characteristics
1798:cubic metres per second
2467:Pump Sales Direct Blog
2260:Baha Abulnaga (2004).
2202:Technology and Culture
2059:Centrifugal compressor
1963:
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1844:
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790:
635:
520:
417:
395:
373:
357:is the flow rate (m/s)
351:
329:
306:
305:{\displaystyle M\tau }
280:
258:
217:
149:
141:
138:coal preparation plant
2526:Hydraulic engineering
2375:McGraw Hill Education
2263:Pumping Oilsand Froth
1961:
1948:may reduce efficiency
1885:
1845:
1817:
1815:{\displaystyle \eta }
1791:
1765:
1743:
1717:
1715:{\displaystyle \rho }
1691:
1689:{\displaystyle P_{i}}
1659:
1584:
1573:
1571:{\displaystyle P_{i}}
1530:boiler feedwater pump
1516:
1470:
1437:
1413:
1411:{\displaystyle \eta }
1391:
1369:
1347:
1325:
1323:{\displaystyle \rho }
1303:
1301:{\displaystyle P_{m}}
1271:
1210:
1208:{\displaystyle c_{m}}
1183:
1163:
1135:
1133:{\displaystyle u,c,w}
1094:
1092:{\displaystyle c_{2}}
1065:
1063:{\displaystyle c_{1}}
1036:
1034:{\displaystyle w_{2}}
1007:
1005:{\displaystyle w_{1}}
978:
944:
899:
846:
826:
824:{\displaystyle H_{t}}
791:
636:
532:Euler's pump equation
521:
418:
396:
374:
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330:
328:{\displaystyle \rho }
307:
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135:
2427:GĂĽlich, JF. (2008).
2208:(3): 287–298 (290).
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225:Description by Euler
170:centrifugal fan
54:improve this article
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178:vacuum cleaner
2403:CECO Environmental
2373:(third ed.).
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983:: angular velocity
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69:"Centrifugal pump"
2531:Power engineering
2448:978-3-642-12824-0
2430:Centrifugal pumps
2246:978-3-642-12823-3
2237:Centrifugal Pumps
2080:Seal (mechanical)
1989:hydrochloric acid
1982:magnetic coupling
1843:{\displaystyle H}
1789:{\displaystyle Q}
1763:{\displaystyle H}
1741:{\displaystyle g}
1652:
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1461:
1435:{\displaystyle H}
1389:{\displaystyle Q}
1367:{\displaystyle H}
1345:{\displaystyle g}
1264:
1219:Efficiency factor
1188:(shown in vector
1181:{\displaystyle Q}
1161:{\displaystyle c}
1142:velocity triangle
1104:Velocity triangle
844:{\displaystyle g}
416:{\displaystyle u}
394:{\displaystyle c}
372:{\displaystyle r}
350:{\displaystyle Q}
279:{\displaystyle M}
208:Working principle
174:air handling unit
153:Centrifugal pumps
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18:Centrifugal Pump
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2014:
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1946:Viscous liquids
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2370:Pump Handbook
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2276:on 2014-08-11
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2471:. Retrieved
2469:. 2018-05-11
2466:
2457:
2429:
2407:. Retrieved
2402:
2393:
2369:
2362:
2343:
2337:
2311:. Retrieved
2296:
2289:
2278:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2262:
2255:
2236:
2230:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2184:. Retrieved
2180:the original
2175:
2166:
2139:
2133:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2047:
2043:
2030:
2019:
2015:
2006:
1985:
1970:
1915:Wear of the
1900:
1892:
1829:
1665:
1588:
1546:
1543:Energy usage
1534:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1499:
1490:parts washer
1486:stuffing box
1482:
1421:
1277:
1222:
1146:
1141:
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853:conventional
800:
796:
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526:
426:
265:
232:
228:
219:
191:
166:
152:
151:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2034:check valve
1496:Froth pumps
857:barycentric
202:John Appold
198:Denis Papin
140:application
2505:Categories
2473:2018-05-11
2353:1856174093
2307:0750662735
2280:2012-10-28
2186:2018-11-21
2125:References
1906:Cavitation
1852:horsepower
1824:efficiency
1537:isentropic
1444:horsepower
110:March 2009
80:newspapers
2409:April 30,
2323:cite book
2119:Turbopump
2028:in 1938.
1923:Corrosion
1863:η
1810:η
1710:ρ
1647:η
1617:ρ
1455:η
1406:η
1318:ρ
1239:ρ
1230:η
968:π
959:ω
937:ω
892:ω
766:−
730:−
694:−
603:−
512:τ
469:−
437:ρ
323:ρ
300:τ
240:ρ
204:in 1851.
2521:Turbines
2158:56002849
2053:See also
1917:impeller
2485:Sources
2313:3 April
2222:3100858
2114:Turbine
2003:Priming
1997:housing
1822:is the
1726:, kg/m)
1666:where:
1278:where:
188:History
94:scholar
2445:
2381:
2350:
2304:
2243:
2220:
2156:
2146:
2071:(NPSH)
2038:siphon
1800:, m/s)
1772:metres
1632:
1626:
1620:
527:(1.13)
162:volute
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2511:Pumps
2274:(PDF)
2267:(PDF)
2218:JSTOR
1993:gland
1941:Surge
1698:watts
1502:froth
101:JSTOR
87:books
2443:ISBN
2411:2023
2379:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2329:link
2315:2015
2302:ISBN
2241:ISBN
2154:LCCN
2144:ISBN
2075:Pump
1910:NPSH
1460:pump
73:news
2435:doi
2210:doi
2096:or
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176:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
