1238:
1549:
683:
795:
484:
1503:
1484:
609:
1519:
1365:
1356:
1035:
862:
504 B.C. the two kings, during their invasion of Attica, failed in their undertaking on account of their secret enmity towards each other, it was decreed at Sparta, that in future only one king should command the army, and in consequence should only be accompanied by one of the images of the
Dioscuri. It is not improbable that these images, accompanying the kings into the field, were the ancient δόκανα, which were now disjointed, so that one-half of the symbol remained at Sparta, while the other was taken into the field by one of the kings.
955:
376:
753:
1534:
882:
999:(θεοξενία), "god-entertaining", was particularly associated with Castor and Pollux. The two deities were summoned to a table laid with food, whether at individuals' own homes or in the public hearths or equivalent places controlled by states. They are sometimes shown arriving at a gallop over a food-laden table. Although such "table offerings" were a fairly common feature of Greek cult rituals, they were normally made in the shrines of the gods or heroes concerned. The domestic setting of the
1192:
1183:
776:
3843:
50:
923:, who associated them with the Spartan tradition of dual kingship and appreciated that two princes of their ruling house were elevated to immortality. Their connection there was very ancient: a uniquely Spartan aniconic representation of the Tyndaridai was as two upright posts joined by a cross-bar; as the protectors of the Spartan army the "beam figure" or
353:, Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans. The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon, thus suggesting that at least in some early traditions, both were mortal. Their death and shared immortality offered by Zeus was material of the lost
678:
Some time later, Idas and
Lynceus visited their uncle's home in Sparta. The uncle was on his way to Crete, so he left Helen in charge of entertaining the guests, which included both sets of cousins, as well as Paris, prince of Troy. Castor and Pollux recognized the opportunity to exact revenge, made
861:
Dokana were ancient symbolical representation of the
Dioscuri. It consisted of two upright beams with others laid across them transversely. The Dioscuri were worshipped as gods of war, and their images accompanied the Spartan kings whenever they took the field against an enemy. But when in the year
366:
The
Dioscuri were regarded as helpers of mankind and held to be patrons of travellers and of sailors in particular, who invoked them to seek favourable winds. Their role as horsemen and boxers also led to them being regarded as the patrons of athletes and athletic contests. They characteristically
927:
was carried in front of the army on campaign. Sparta's unique dual kingship reflects the divine influence of the
Dioscuri. When the Spartan army marched to war, one king remained behind at home, accompanied by one of the Twins. "In this way the real political order is secured in the realm of the
698:
Meanwhile, Castor and Pollux had reached their destination. Castor climbed a tree to keep a watch as Pollux began to free the cattle. Far away, Idas and
Lynceus approached. Lynceus, named for the lynx because he could see in the dark, spied Castor hiding in the tree. Idas and Lynceus immediately
674:
together but fell out over the division of the meat. After stealing the herd, but before dividing it, the cousins butchered, quartered, and roasted a calf. As they prepared to eat, the gigantic Idas suggested that the herd be divided into two parts instead of four, based on which pair of cousins
679:
an excuse that justified leaving the feast, and set out to steal their cousins' herd. Idas and
Lynceus eventually set out for home, leaving Helen alone with Paris, who then kidnapped her. Thus, the four cousins helped set into motion the events that gave rise to the Trojan War.
1395:
attested to the presence of a "cult of
Castores" that the people did not want to abandon. In some instances, the twins appear to have simply been absorbed into a Christian framework; thus 4th century CE pottery and carvings from North Africa depict the Dioskouroi alongside the
1291:
had attributed their success at a legendary battle on the banks of the Sagras to the intervention of the Twins. The Roman legend could have had its origins in the
Locrian account and possibly supplies further evidence of cultural transmission between Rome and Magna Graecia.
699:
understood what was happening. Idas, furious, ambushed Castor, fatally wounding him with a blow from his spear – but not before Castor called out to warn Pollux. In the ensuing brawl, Pollux killed
Lynceus. As Idas was about to kill Pollux, Zeus, who had been watching from
1301:
and cavalry. Each year on July 15, Feast Day of the Dioskouroi, 1,800 equestrians would parade through the streets of Rome in an elaborate spectacle in which each rider wore full military attire and whatever decorations he had earned.
1548:
675:
finished their meal first. Castor and Pollux agreed. Idas quickly ate both his portion and Lynceus' portion. Castor and Pollux had been duped. They allowed their cousins to take the entire herd, but vowed someday to take revenge.
1483:
425:
they are treated as alive even though "the corn-bearing earth holds them". The author describes them as "having honour equal to gods", living on alternate days because of the intervention of Zeus. In both the
1502:
438:, Pollux is the son of Zeus while Castor is the son of the mortal Tyndareus. The theme of ambiguous parentage is not unique to Castor and Pollux; similar characterisations appear in the stories of
752:
1151:", Etruscan counterpart of Zeus. They were often portrayed on Etruscan mirrors. As was the fashion in Greece, they could also be portrayed symbolically; one example is seen in the
1518:
978:
tree was regarded by the Spartans as sacred to Castor and Pollux, and images of the twins were hung in its branches. The standard Spartan oath was to swear "by the two gods" (in
667:
wherein each had a son; Phoebe bore Mnesileos to Pollux and Hilaeira bore Anogon to Castor. This began a family feud among the four sons of the brothers Tyndareus and Aphareus.
2517:
2341:
480:. Shortly afterwards, Simonides was told that two young men wished to speak to him; after he had left the banqueting room, the roof fell in and crushed Scopas and his guests.
320:(fr. 24 M–W). The conventional account (attested first in Pindar, Nemean 10) combined these paternities so that only Pollux was fathered by Zeus, while Leda and her husband
1237:
324:
conceived Castor. This explains why they were granted an alternate immortality. The figure of Tyndareus may have entered their tradition to explain their archaic name
3278:
1408:. The church took an ambivalent attitude, rejecting the immortality of the Dioskouroi but seeking to replace them with equivalent Christian pairs. Saints Peter and
4243:
1533:
787:
Castor and Pollux are consistently associated with horses in art and literature. They are widely depicted as helmeted horsemen carrying spears. The Pseudo-
347:
Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal, sometimes both divine. One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal, it is Pollux. In Homer's
1210:
From the 5th century BCE onwards, the brothers were revered by the Romans, probably as the result of cultural transmission via the Greek colonies of
682:
1474:
The iconography of Castor and Pollux influenced or has close parallels with depictions of divine male twins in cultures with Greco-Roman relations.
1054:, was named after them. In addition, according to legend the city was founded by them. According to another legend, the city was founded by their
4248:
2583:
1320:(act i, ll. 67–71) where she swears by Castor in line 67, then the negative prefix in line 71 denotes a refutation against swearing by Pollux.
289:. Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his own immortality with his twin to keep them together, and they were transformed into the constellation
1006:
The image of the twins attending a goddess are widespread and link the Dioskouroi with the male societies of initiates under the aegis of the
794:
814:, a pair of shields, or a pair of snakes. They are also often shown wearing felt caps, sometimes with stars above. They are depicted on
2277:; her twin's name Hilaeira ("the serene") is also a lunar attribute, their names "appropriate selectively to the new and the full moon".
1295:
The Romans believed that the twins aided them on the battlefield. Their role as horsemen made them particularly attractive to the Roman
476:
was rebuked by Scopas, his patron, for devoting too much space to praising Castor and Pollux in an ode celebrating Scopas' victory in a
3992:
1283:. According to legend, the twins fought at the head of the Roman army and subsequently brought news of the victory back to Rome. The
483:
588:, on the throne of Athens. Aethra was then forced to become Helen's slave. She was ultimately returned to her home by her grandsons
3404:
710:
or giving half his immortality to his mortal brother. He opted for the latter, enabling the twins to alternate between Olympus and
450:' Fragment 34a, though whether this poem antedates the Homeric Hymn to the twins is unknown. They appear together in two plays by
262:. Though accounts of their birth are varied, they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters
1417:
3284:
4306:
759:
613:
4341:
4311:
3364:
3293:'s themes of the unequal brothers and faithfulness and salvation, with the Christian parallels in the dual nature of Christ.
2726:
short prose work which purports to be a first hand account of the Trojan War by Dares, a Trojan priest of Hephaestus in the
1165:
is painted for them. Another is symbolised in a painting depicted as two pointed caps crowned with laurel, referring to the
1222:("To Castor and Pollux, the Dioskouroi"), suggests a direct transmission from the Greeks; the word "qurois" is virtually a
408:("... there are two commanders I do not see, / Castor the horse breaker and the boxer / Polydeuces, my brothers..." –
4386:
947:
where Helen, Menelaus, Castor and Pollux were all said to be buried. Castor himself was also venerated in the region of
4356:
4260:
2893:
20:
3188:
3106:
3081:
3037:
3012:
2987:
2856:
2831:
2806:
2467:
2240:
2185:
2131:
2080:
1986:
1863:
1799:
1716:
1262:
974:. Lesser shrines to Castor, Pollux and Helen were also established at a number of other locations around Sparta. The
4381:
2337:
1316:, women generally swear by Castor, and men by Pollux; this is exemplified by the slave-woman character Staphyla in
337:
4376:
4054:
1648:
1462:
mentions the Dioskouroi in a neutral context, as the figurehead of an Alexandrian ship boarded by Paul in Malta (
259:
27:
2450:
1742:
608:
4346:
3397:
873:
state that δόκανα was the name of the graves of the Dioscuri at Sparta, and derived from the verb δέχομαι.
298:
2742:
4301:
2886:
Amilla: The Quest for Excellence. Studies Presented to Guenter Kopcke in Celebration of His 75th Birthday
2433:
Parker, Robert Christopher Towneley (2003), "Dioscuri", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Anthony (eds.),
2294:
VI), it was asserted that "these three heroes were the first strangers upon whom this gift was bestowed."
1246:
886:
4366:
4331:
4291:
3925:
3899:
1642:
3377:
846:(πῖλος), which was already explained in antiquity as the remnants of the egg from which they hatched.
806:
reliefs they are depicted with a variety of symbols representing the concept of twinhood, such as the
332:
in literature, in turn occasioning incompatible accounts of their parentage. Their other sisters were
4361:
4316:
4059:
3894:
827:
652:
416:
4321:
4174:
4153:
4143:
3550:
3413:
3322:
De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (1991). "Etruscan Twins and Mirror Images: The Dioskouroi at the Door."
1413:
958:
Relief (2nd century BCE) depicting the Dioskouroi galloping above a winged Victory, with a banquet
671:
581:
3122:
896:
The Dioskouroi were worshipped by the Greeks and Romans alike; there were temples to the twins in
643:("white horse"). Both women were already betrothed to cousins of the Dioscuri, the twin brothers
4158:
3390:
1645:, twins gods in Mesopotamian mythology also thought to be represented by the constellation Gemini
1266:
1152:
987:
798:
One of the twins wearing the egg-shaped cap, here marked with a celestial symbol (2nd century CE)
312:
There is much contradictory information regarding the parentage of the Dioscuri. In the Homeric
4371:
3986:
1733:
1664:
1594:
1374:
1331:
715:
706:
Returning to the dying Castor, Pollux was given the choice by Zeus of spending all his time on
316:(11.298–304), they are the sons of Tyndareus alone, but they were sons of Zeus in the Hesiodic
290:
4336:
4205:
4102:
3758:
3677:
3425:
1364:
1355:
967:
815:
640:
3164:
2675:
Kazhdan, Alexander; Talbot, Alice-Mary (1991), "Dioskouroi", in Kazhdan, Alexander P (ed.),
1276:
4200:
4084:
4038:
3828:
3672:
3445:
2650:
2270:
1493:
1459:
1428:
1113:
1101:
739:
660:
632:
333:
166:
8:
4351:
4238:
4044:
3930:
3904:
3763:
3612:
3602:
3565:
3140:
1754:
1436:
870:
514:
Both Dioscuri were excellent horsemen and hunters who participated in the hunting of the
462:
447:
152:
4296:
4117:
3743:
3707:
3667:
3642:
3545:
3525:
3465:
3382:
3345:
3327:
1563:
1490:
1401:
1214:
in southern Italy. An archaic Latin inscription of the 6th or 5th century BCE found at
762:
Roman sarcophagus (160 CE) depicting the rape of the Leucippides, Phoebe, and Hilaeira
687:
644:
589:
294:
3378:
The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Castor and Pollux—the Dioscuri)
1241:
Star crosses indicate the constellation Gemini on this Roman oil lamp (1st century CE)
1034:
4255:
4215:
3869:
3823:
3697:
3687:
3637:
3510:
3490:
3470:
3360:
3184:
3102:
3077:
3033:
3008:
2983:
2889:
2852:
2827:
2802:
2754:
2577:
2303:
Kerényi draws attention especially to the rock carvings in the town of Akrai, Sicily.
1669:
1075:
631:
Castor and Pollux aspired to marry the Leucippides ("daughters of the white horse"),
618:
473:
1373:
Late Roman Imperial Dioscuri, transferred from a temple of Castor and Pollux to the
954:
398:
Ancient Greek authors tell a number of versions of the story of Castor and Pollux.
4148:
3879:
3798:
3738:
3597:
3575:
3560:
3203:
3176:
2205:
2150:
2099:
2051:
1906:
1822:
1770:
1690:
1606:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1409:
1297:
853:
as "blond haired, large eyed, fair complexioned, and well-built with trim bodies".
835:
711:
375:
297:. They were also associated with horsemanship, in keeping with their origin as the
247:
136:
3207:
2484:
1455:, father of Pollux, in what MacDonald calls a form of early Christian Dioscurism.
838:
of the egg containing Helen. They can be recognized in some vase-paintings by the
4326:
4270:
4265:
4184:
4179:
4032:
4000:
3884:
3417:
3069:
2286:
In the oration of the Athenian peace emissary sent to Sparta in 69, according to
1397:
1223:
723:
515:
232:
228:
3298:
3239:
2632:
4122:
4011:
3874:
3592:
3226:
2654:
1725:
1659:
1634:
1539:
1306:
1039:
1015:
850:
731:
367:
intervened at the moment of crisis, aiding those who honoured or trusted them.
2738:
2736:
881:
810:(δόκανα – two upright pieces of wood connected by two cross-beams), a pair of
4285:
4049:
3973:
3889:
3818:
3788:
3768:
3617:
3540:
3530:
3431:
3337:
Lippolis, Enzo (2009). "Rituali DI Guerra: I Dioscuri a Sparta e a Taranto".
1614:
1489:
Etruscan inscription to the Dioskouroi as "sons of Zeus" at the bottom of an
1288:
1211:
1161:
775:
727:
719:
707:
700:
409:
293:. The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as
263:
174:
1191:
1182:
258:, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. The pair are thus an example of
4112:
4107:
4069:
3966:
3515:
3455:
2733:
1388:
1166:
1120:
1105:
1095:
970:, and as deceased mortals in Hades, whose spirits had to be propitiated by
839:
780:
477:
456:
380:
301:
267:
224:
201:
178:
3520:
1626:
1412:
were thus adopted in place of the Dioskouroi as patrons of travelers, and
1116:
402:
portrays them initially as ordinary mortals, treating them as dead in the
3864:
2930:
1509:
1405:
1250:
1079:
979:
498:
49:
3842:
3349:
3331:
3153:
791:
manuscript depicts the brothers hunting, both on horseback and on foot.
4074:
3981:
3748:
3733:
3723:
3652:
3632:
3310:
The Twin Horse Gods: The Dioskouroi in Mythologies of the Ancient World
2941:
2919:
1527:
silver platter with warrior twins on winged horses (5th/6th century CE)
1392:
1378:
1339:
1022:. The Dioscuri are the inventors of war dances, which characterize the
1011:
585:
360:
2449:
Alcæus of Mytilene (1982), "Fragment 34", in David A. Campbell (ed.),
1416:
took over their function as healers. Some have also associated Saints
4220:
3808:
3702:
2908:
2708:
1524:
1444:
1280:
1156:
1132:
1047:
1019:
995:
916:
865:
The name δόκανα seems that it comes from δοκός which meant beam, but
831:
656:
537:
451:
321:
251:
142:
2466:
Alcæus of Mytilene (May 2011), "Fragment 34a", in Tout Coule (ed.),
1542:
textile with elevated twins receiving offerings (7th/8th century CE)
746:
rewarded them with horses to ride and power to aid shipwrecked men.
4127:
4064:
4005:
3909:
3728:
3682:
3657:
3587:
3495:
3480:
3475:
3450:
2703:
2287:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1271:
1230:, while "Podlouquei" is effectively a transliteration of the Greek
1215:
971:
948:
936:
908:, as well as shrines in many other locations in the ancient world.
901:
743:
735:
714:. The brothers became the two brightest stars in the constellation
691:
636:
549:
545:
494:
487:
439:
341:
170:
92:
3283:, translated by Douglas Hedley and Russell Manning, archived from
3032:, vol. 1. A History, Cambridge University Press, p. 21,
1046:
The ancient city of Dioscurias or Dioskurias (Διοσκουριάς) on the
3783:
3773:
3692:
3662:
3647:
3607:
3505:
3355:
Robbins, Emmet (2013). "The Divine Twins in Early Greek Poetry".
1620:
1613:; alongside their father, they are the guardians of the gates of
1580:
1463:
1448:
1439:. MacDonald cites the origin of this identification to 1913 when
1391:, the Dioskouroi continued to be venerated. The 5th century pope
1323:
1313:
1201:
1109:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1023:
940:
811:
573:
552:. After returning from the voyage, the Dioscuri helped Jason and
490:
443:
421:
3277:
Ringleben, Joachim, "An Interpretation of the 10th Nemean Ode",
1269:
in 495 BCE. The establishment of a temple may also be a form of
4210:
3952:
3946:
3859:
3793:
3778:
3753:
3535:
3460:
3290:
3265:
2684:
2274:
2036:
1584:
1447:, a Greek version probably of an Aramaic name meaning "Sons of
1327:
1059:
1007:
920:
912:
897:
819:
803:
788:
664:
593:
577:
561:
557:
553:
541:
469:
435:
431:
355:
250:, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of
102:
2223:
2177:
2168:
2120:
2117:
1933:
1852:
1708:
4079:
3803:
3627:
3582:
3570:
3555:
3500:
2849:
Objects on a Table: Harmonious Disarray in Art and Literature
1846:
1654:
1559:
1284:
1256:
1148:
1003:
was a characteristic distinction accorded to the Dioskouroi.
519:
404:
399:
391:
349:
1253:
at the heart of their city, was undertaken to fulfill a vow
1086:(Διοσκουρίδου νήσος), meaning "the island of the Dioscuri".
834:, as well as in religious ceremonies and at the delivery to
3960:
3813:
3053:
Smith, Christopher (2007), "The Religion of Archaic Rome",
2256:
2072:
2060:
2031:
2014:
1978:
1969:
1945:
1936:
1918:
1915:
1883:
1785:
1747:
1588:
1555:
1512:
with a star connected to each twin's head (30 BCE – 395 CE)
1452:
975:
905:
890:
866:
734:). As emblems of immortality and death, the Dioscuri, like
648:
597:
524:
434:, they are described as the sons of Tyndareus and Leda. In
255:
221:
148:
42:
Twin gods, patrons of sailors, associated with horsemanship
2452:
Sappho, Alcaeus. Greek Lyric, Volume I: Sappho and Alcaeus
2057:
1963:
1951:
1843:
1831:
1779:
1279:
from a defeated town to Rome, where cult would be offered
3622:
3357:
Thalia Delighting in Song: Essays on Ancient Greek Poetry
2391:
Howatson, M. C.; Chilvers, Ian, eds. (1996), "Dioscūri",
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2226:
2214:
2171:
2156:
2108:
2066:
1960:
1930:
1837:
1699:
966:
They were commemorated both as gods on Olympus worthy of
703:, hurled a thunderbolt, killing Idas and saving his son.
580:
to rescue her. In revenge they abducted Theseus's mother
540:, Pollux took part in a boxing contest and defeated King
254:, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of
3412:
2797:
Sekunda, Nicholas "Nick" Victor; Hook, Richard (1998),
3233:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 212–13
2865:
2778:
2572:] (in Greek), vol. II, Athens, pp. 20–23
2522:
2346:
830:
regularly show them capturing Phoebe and Hilaeira, as
2241:
2232:
2217:
2186:
2159:
2132:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2081:
2069:
1987:
1957:
1954:
1927:
1924:
1909:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1825:
1800:
1791:
1788:
1717:
1702:
1696:
26:"Heavenly Twins" redirects here. For other uses, see
2946:
2393:
The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature
2229:
2220:
2211:
2174:
2165:
2153:
2114:
1975:
1966:
1942:
1912:
1834:
1828:
1782:
1776:
1705:
1637:, extinct dog breed said to have been bred by Castor
3076:, vol. II, Kessinger Publishing, p. 191,
2959:
2766:
2743:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Dokana
2208:
2162:
2102:
2063:
2054:
1948:
1921:
1840:
1773:
1693:
1204:, was named for the paintings flanking the entrance
390:, holding a horse's reins and spears and wearing a
2465:
2448:
603:
3359:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 238–253.
3003:de Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika (2006),
2884:Hockmann, Ursula (2013). Koehl, Robert B. (ed.).
4283:
3002:
2977:
2637:Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter
2390:
2273:("the pure") is a familiar epithet of the moon,
584:and took her to Sparta while setting his rival,
3028:Beard, Mary; North, John; Price, Simon (1998),
3027:
1562:observe the birth of Helen and Dioscuri (Dutch
2978:Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002),
2559:
2557:
1305:Castor and Pollux are also represented in the
1126:
663:. Castor and Pollux carried the women off to
3398:
2674:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
1172:
54:Statues of Castor and Pollux (3rd century AD)
3305:. Excerpts in English of classical sources.
2982:, Manchester University Press, p. 204,
2826:, US: Oxford University Press, p. 114,
2370:
2368:
911:The Dioskouroi and their sisters grew up in
738:, were said to have been initiated into the
3101:, Cambridge University Press, p. 187,
2888:. INSTAP Academic Press. pp. 367–368.
2796:
2616:Routledge (2002), "Castor and Polydeuces",
2021:
1890:
1427:identifies Castor and Pollux as models for
576:, the half-brothers invaded his kingdom of
3405:
3391:
3212:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–4
2670:
2668:
2582:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2534:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2321:
1629:, the divine twins in Lithuanian mythology
1089:
919:; they were particularly important to the
273:In Latin, the twins are also known as the
48:
3257:Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture
3183:, Yale University Press, pp. 24–32,
3175:
3096:
3007:, University of Texas Press, p. 60,
2846:
2615:
2563:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2374:
2365:
1265:in gratitude at the Roman victory in the
935:or grave-shrine was on a mountain top at
670:The cousins carried out a cattle-raid in
560:in revenge for the treachery of its king
3181:The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark
2883:
2753:
2500:
2494:
1330:, and the god made him a gift of Dotor (
1236:
1033:
953:
880:
793:
774:
694:sculpture group (latter 5th century BCE)
681:
607:
572:When their sister Helen was abducted by
482:
374:
3312:. London, New York: I. B. Tauris, 2015.
3238:
3225:
3068:
2871:
2821:
2784:
2772:
2690:
2665:
2631:
2528:
2412:Roberts, John, ed. (2007), "Dioscūri",
2411:
2400:
2359:
1651:, when two males father fraternal twins
1418:Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Melapsippus
4284:
3246:, Thames and Hundson, pp. 105–12
3202:
2931:Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 22.8.24
2432:
2421:
2375:Cotterell, Arthur (1997), "Dioscuri",
943:from Sparta, at a shrine known as the
826:(Ἀργώ) and rustling cattle with Idas.
614:The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus
3386:
3276:
3254:
3154:Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts, 190.50
3052:
2965:
2702:
2598:
2596:
2594:
1623:, the divine twins of Vedic mythology
1326:wrote that Polydeuces was a lover of
1065:
1029:
3324:Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin
1309:by the use of eggs as lap counters.
876:
818:(an element of a Doric frieze) from
370:
2920:Pomponius Mela, Chorographia, 1.111
2639:, Princeton: Bollingen, p. 122
1345:
446:. The Dioscuri are also invoked in
13:
3841:
3316:
3264:
3165:Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts - GR
2677:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2591:
1672:, sometimes linked to the Dioscuri
822:showing them on the voyage of the
21:Castor and Pollux (disambiguation)
14:
4398:
3371:
3097:McDonnell, Myles Anthony (2006),
2801:, Osprey Publishing, p. 53,
2724:History of the Fall of Troy 12. A
2482:
2416:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
2414:Dictionary of the Classical World
1451:", thunder being associated with
1263:Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis
1018:, the Dioscuri were venerated in
567:
120:Feast of the Dioskouroi (July 15)
2618:Who's Who in Classical Mythology
2204:
2149:
2098:
2050:
1905:
1821:
1769:
1689:
1547:
1532:
1517:
1501:
1482:
1363:
1354:
1190:
1181:
751:
3196:
3169:
3158:
3147:
3133:
3115:
3090:
3062:
3046:
3021:
2996:
2971:
2935:
2924:
2913:
2902:
2877:
2840:
2815:
2790:
2747:
2716:
2696:
2644:
2625:
2609:
2510:
2476:
2459:
2442:
2435:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2384:
2377:A Dictionary of World Mythology
2326:, London: Bloomsbury Publishing
2322:Bloomsbury (1996), "Dioscuri",
2297:
2280:
2264:
2197:
1649:Heteropaternal superfecundation
1312:In translations of comedies by
604:Leucippides, Lynceus, and death
531:
260:heteropaternal superfecundation
28:Heavenly Twins (disambiguation)
2330:
2315:
2142:
2091:
2043:
1898:
1814:
1762:
1682:
770:
548:, a savage mythical people in
1:
4307:Characters in the Argonautica
3055:A Companion to Roman Religion
3005:The Religion of the Etruscans
2309:
2026:'sons of Zeus', from
1583:, a Spartan epithet used for
1220:Castorei Podlouqueique qurois
1100:The heavenly twins appear in
622:
536:During the expedition of the
518:and later joined the crew of
505:above a warship (369–363 BCE)
497:strangling snakes (top), and
384:
4342:Family of Calyce (mythology)
4312:Children of Leda (mythology)
2257:
2015:
1884:
1748:
1108:brother-horsemen called the
915:, in the royal household of
509:
328:in Spartan inscriptions, or
66:Dioskouroi (Latin, Dioscuri)
7:
3179:(2000), "Sons of thunder",
3127:www.tribunesandtriumphs.org
2851:, Basic Books, p. 63,
1574:
1247:Temple of Castor and Pollux
1200:The House of the Dioscuri,
1127:Etruscan Kastur and Pultuce
1104:tradition as the effulgent
1082:, was called by the Greeks
887:Temple of Castor and Pollux
885:Fragmentary remains of the
10:
4403:
4387:Princes in Greek mythology
3900:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
3839:
3219:
2942:Solinus, Polyhistor, 15.17
2505:, Bristol: Classical Press
2249:
2007:
1876:
1737:
1643:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea
1469:
1423:The New Testament scholar
1335:
1173:Italy and the Roman Empire
1093:
1058:, Amphitus and Cercius of
1038:One of the Dioscuri, on a
78:Polydeuces (Latin, Pollux)
25:
18:
4357:Greek mythological heroes
4231:
4193:
4167:
4136:
4095:
4023:
3939:
3918:
3895:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
3852:
3716:
3441:
3424:
2822:Pomeroy, Sarah B (2002),
2761:, Oxford University Press
2759:A Dictionary of the Bible
2679:, Oxford University Press
2564:Stratikis, Potis (1987),
2437:, Oxford University Press
2395:, Oxford University Press
2379:, Oxford University Press
856:
197:
189:
184:
162:
129:
124:
116:
108:
98:
88:
59:
47:
40:
35:
4154:Rape of the Sabine Women
3255:Maier, Bernhard (1997),
3244:The Heroes of the Greeks
2604:Encyclopædia Britannica.
2501:Campbell, David (1967),
1676:
1414:Saints Cosmas and Damian
1245:The construction of the
1153:Tomb of the Funereal Bed
1119:, and possibly Germanic
307:
235:, known together as the
198:Indo-European equivalent
4382:Life-death-rebirth gods
4159:Battle of Lacus Curtius
3057:, Blackwell, p. 37
2847:Davenport, Guy (1999),
2693:, p. 107 note 584.
1591:, and Castor and Pollux
1387:Even after the rise of
1275:, the transferral of a
1267:Battle of Lake Regillus
1135:venerated the twins as
1090:Indo-European analogues
1042:pillar (2nd century CE)
1008:Anatolian Great Goddess
962:laid out for them below
849:They were described by
556:to destroy the city of
472:tells the story of how
4377:Mythological Laconians
3846:
3414:Ancient Roman religion
3259:, Boydell & Brewer
2003:
1895:'much sweet '.
1808:
1729:
1595:Alexiares and Anicetus
1375:Piazza del Campidoglio
1242:
1143:, collectively as the
1074:, located between the
1043:
1010:and the great gods of
963:
893:
799:
784:
695:
628:
506:
395:
3845:
2980:The Etruscan Language
2909:Hyginus, Fabulae, 275
1508:Limestone stele from
1420:with the Dioskouroi.
1281:in exchange for favor
1240:
1037:
957:
884:
797:
778:
686:A twin supported by
685:
611:
493:stele depicting baby
486:
378:
4039:Interpretatio graeca
3339:Archeologia Classica
3141:"Plautus: Aulularia"
2757:(1997), "Dioscuri",
1999:-yuu-ry, -ree
1460:Acts of the Apostles
1429:James son of Zebedee
951:in northern Greece.
740:Eleusinian mysteries
19:For other uses, see
16:Greek mythical twins
4347:Gemini in astrology
4239:Classical mythology
4060:Theology of victory
3905:Kings of Alba Longa
3074:The History of Rome
2620:, London: Routledge
1458:More directly, the
1443:published his work
871:Etymologicum Magnum
639:, whose father was
190:Etruscan equivalent
4302:Astronomical myths
3847:
2755:Browning, W. R. F.
2722:Dares of Phrygia.
2566:Ελληνική Μυθολογία
2503:Greek Lyric Poetry
2324:Dictionary of Myth
1402:Raising of Lazarus
1243:
1226:of the Greek word
1066:Island of Dioscuri
1044:
1030:City of Dioscurias
964:
894:
800:
785:
696:
629:
596:after the fall of
507:
396:
193:Kastur and Pultuce
155:(father of Pollux)
145:(father of Castor)
4367:Greek war deities
4332:Deeds of Poseidon
4292:Castor and Pollux
4279:
4278:
4256:Etruscan religion
3870:Romulus and Remus
3853:Legendary figures
3837:
3836:
3486:Castor and Pollux
3365:978-1-4426-1343-0
3308:Walker, Henry J.
3204:Harris, J. Rendel
3177:MacDonald, Dennis
3030:Religions of Rome
2255:
2248:; Ancient Greek:
2025:
2013:
2006:; Ancient Greek:
1894:
1882:
1875:; Ancient Greek:
1759:'beaver'.
1758:
1746:
1670:Thracian horseman
1249:, located in the
1076:Guardafui Channel
877:Shrines and rites
742:. In some myths,
474:Simonides of Ceos
388: 460–450 BC
371:Classical sources
281:, as well as the
246:Their mother was
207:
206:
89:Major cult center
36:Castor and Pollux
4394:
4362:Greek underworld
4317:Children of Zeus
4149:Founding of Rome
3919:Legendary beings
3880:Tullus Hostilius
3717:Abstract deities
3576:Lares Familiares
3439:
3438:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3304:
3288:
3272:
3270:Tenth Nemean Ode
3260:
3250:
3234:
3214:
3213:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3173:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3123:"Circus Maximus"
3119:
3113:
3111:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3070:Mommsen, Theodor
3066:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2799:The Spartan Army
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2751:
2745:
2740:
2731:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2561:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2363:
2357:
2344:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2254:romanized:
2253:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2047:
2041:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2012:romanized:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1881:romanized:
1880:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1551:
1536:
1521:
1505:
1491:Attic red-figure
1486:
1441:J. Rendel Harris
1431:and his brother
1425:Dennis MacDonald
1367:
1358:
1346:Christianization
1337:
1194:
1185:
1145:tinas cliniiaras
764:(Vatican Museum)
755:
627:
624:
389:
386:
52:
33:
32:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4322:Chthonic beings
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4271:Myth and ritual
4266:Greek mythology
4227:
4189:
4185:Pignora imperii
4180:Parabiago Plate
4163:
4132:
4091:
4025:
4019:
4001:Sibylline Books
3935:
3914:
3885:Servius Tullius
3848:
3833:
3712:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3374:
3319:
3317:Further reading
3303:, Theoi Project
3296:
3227:Burkert, Walter
3222:
3217:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3099:Roman Manliness
3095:
3091:
3084:
3067:
3063:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2721:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2673:
2666:
2649:
2645:
2630:
2626:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2575:
2574:
2570:Greek Mythology
2562:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2499:
2495:
2481:
2477:
2464:
2460:
2447:
2443:
2431:
2422:
2410:
2401:
2389:
2385:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2347:
2335:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2285:
2281:
2269:
2265:
2242:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2044:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1974:
1941:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1869:
1865:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1801:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1718:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1635:Castorian (dog)
1597:, twin-sons of
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1513:
1506:
1497:
1496:(c. 515–510 BC)
1487:
1472:
1398:Twelve Apostles
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1224:transliteration
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1129:
1098:
1092:
1068:
1032:
879:
859:
842:they wear, the
783:with Dioskouroi
773:
768:
767:
766:
761:
756:
724:Alpha Geminorum
718:("the twins"):
625:
606:
570:
534:
516:Calydonian Boar
512:
387:
373:
310:
295:St. Elmo's fire
233:Roman mythology
158:
84:
55:
43:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4123:Pythagoreanism
4120:
4118:Peripateticism
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:The Golden Ass
4003:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3931:Barnacle goose
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Numa Pompilius
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
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3372:External links
3370:
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3335:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3297:"Dioskouroi",
3294:
3280:Ars Disputandi
3274:
3262:
3252:
3236:
3231:Greek Religion
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3218:
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2895:978-1931534734
2894:
2876:
2874:, p. 111.
2864:
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2839:
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2814:
2807:
2789:
2787:, p. 107.
2777:
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2643:
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2608:
2590:
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1507:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1481:
1478:
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1471:
1468:
1437:Gospel of Mark
1372:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1307:Circus Maximus
1277:tutelary deity
1218:, which reads
1199:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1128:
1125:
1094:Main article:
1091:
1088:
1070:The island of
1067:
1064:
1050:coast, modern
1040:Las Incantadas
1031:
1028:
1016:Archaic period
900:, such as the
878:
875:
858:
855:
851:Dares Phrygius
772:
769:
758:
757:
750:
749:
748:
732:Beta Geminorum
605:
602:
569:
568:Rescuing Helen
566:
533:
530:
511:
508:
419:), but in the
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4:
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4372:Horse deities
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4360:
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4045:Imperial cult
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4026:and practices
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3433:
3432:Dii Consentes
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3394:
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3347:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:. pp. 10–31.
3325:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3287:on 2013-04-14
3286:
3282:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:Kerényi, Karl
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3205:
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3190:0-300-08012-3
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3108:0-521-82788-4
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3083:1-4191-6625-5
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3039:0-521-45646-0
3035:
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3016:
3014:0-292-70687-1
3010:
3006:
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2989:0-7190-5540-7
2985:
2981:
2974:
2968:, p. 96.
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2858:1-58243-035-7
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2829:
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2824:Spartan Women
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2808:1-85532-659-0
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2638:
2634:
2633:Kerényi, Karl
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2017:
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1332:Ancient Greek
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1318:A Pot of Gold
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1212:Magna Graecia
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1167:Phrygian caps
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1162:lectisternium
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1111:
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1102:Indo-European
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1081:
1077:
1073:
1063:
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1041:
1036:
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1021:
1017:
1014:. During the
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997:
991:
989:
985:
982:: νά τώ θεὼ,
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522:'s ship, the
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394:-style helmet
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299:Indo-European
296:
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277:("twins") or
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264:Helen of Troy
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46:
39:
34:
29:
22:
4337:Divine twins
4175:Gubernaculum
4144:Golden Bough
4113:Neoplatonism
4108:Epicureanism
4037:
4010:
3991:
3972:
3965:
3951:
3485:
3456:Anna Perenna
3430:
3356:
3341:
3338:
3323:
3309:
3299:
3285:the original
3279:
3269:
3256:
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3230:
3208:
3198:
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3160:
3149:
3135:
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2979:
2973:
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2948:
2937:
2926:
2915:
2904:
2885:
2879:
2872:Kerényi 1959
2867:
2848:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2798:
2792:
2785:Kerényi 1959
2780:
2773:Burkert 1985
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2758:
2749:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2707:
2698:
2691:Kerényi 1959
2686:
2676:
2658:
2655:
2646:
2636:
2627:
2617:
2611:
2603:
2602:"Dioscuri".
2569:
2565:
2529:Kerényi 1959
2524:
2512:
2502:
2496:
2485:
2478:
2468:
2461:
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2392:
2386:
2376:
2360:Burkert 1985
2332:
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2144:
2093:
2045:
2035:
2027:
1900:
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1422:
1389:Christianity
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1317:
1311:
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1130:
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1096:Divine twins
1084:Dioskouridou
1083:
1069:
1045:
1005:
1000:
994:
993:The rite of
992:
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930:
924:
910:
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781:Antiochus VI
763:
705:
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532:As Argonauts
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478:chariot race
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381:calyx krater
379:Castor on a
365:
354:
348:
346:
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317:
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268:Clytemnestra
245:
240:
236:
217:
213:
209:
208:
202:Divine twins
179:Clytemnestra
81:The Two Gods
4249:Persecution
4201:Gallo-Roman
3993:Res divinae
3865:Rhea Silvia
2659:Astronomica
2338:Apollodorus
1995:-e(y)e, dy-
1510:Roman Egypt
1406:Saint Peter
1251:Roman Forum
1147:, "Sons of
1080:Arabian Sea
1056:charioteers
988:Dual number
980:Doric Greek
960:(theoxenia)
939:across the
828:Greek vases
771:Iconography
659:'s brother
626: 1618
499:Athena Alea
302:horse twins
185:Equivalents
60:Other names
4352:Greek gods
4286:Categories
4194:Variations
4096:Philosophy
4075:Capitolium
3982:Propertius
3749:Averruncus
3734:Aeternitas
3724:Abundantia
3653:Proserpina
3344:: 117–59.
2966:Maier 1997
2469:tout coule
2310:References
2258:Tundarídai
2250:Τυνδαρίδαι
2016:Dióskouroi
2008:Διόσκουροι
1885:Polydeúkēs
1877:Πολυδεύκης
1393:Gelasius I
1379:Capitoline
1340:Thessalian
1232:Πολυδεύκης
1114:Lithuanian
1012:Samothrace
984:ná tō theō
945:Meneláeion
655:, sons of
586:Menestheus
503:Dioskouroi
361:Epic cycle
330:Tyndaridai
326:Tindaridai
283:Tyndaridae
241:Dioskouroi
218:Polydeuces
169:, Phoebe,
4297:Argonauts
4221:Mithraism
4206:Mysteries
4055:Palladium
4033:Festivals
3809:Securitas
3759:Concordia
3703:Vertumnus
3521:Dīs Pater
3418:mythology
3248:et passim
3209:Boanerges
2952:Tacitus,
2709:Lycophron
2704:Scholiast
2292:Hellenica
2040:('boys').
2002:; Latin:
1807:; Latin:
1743:romanized
1627:Ašvieniai
1525:Sassanian
1445:Boanerges
1157:Tarquinia
1133:Etruscans
1117:Ašvieniai
1048:Black Sea
1020:Naukratis
1001:theoxenia
996:theoxenia
986:, in the
972:libations
968:holocaust
917:Tyndareus
840:skull-cap
832:Argonauts
690:, from a
657:Tyndareus
641:Leucippus
538:Argonauts
510:Mythology
452:Euripides
417:3.253–255
322:Tyndareus
318:Catalogue
287:Tyndarids
252:Tyndareus
143:Tyndareus
125:Genealogy
117:Festivals
75:Tyndarids
4261:Glossary
4232:See also
4128:Stoicism
4103:Cynicism
4065:Pomerium
4024:Concepts
4006:Apuleius
3926:She-wolf
3910:Hersilia
3829:Victoria
3729:Aequitas
3683:Summanus
3673:Silvanus
3658:Quirinus
3588:Libertas
3551:Hercules
3496:Cloacina
3481:Carmenta
3476:Bona Dea
3451:Angerona
3446:Agenoria
3350:44367982
3332:40514336
3300:Ouranios
3242:(1959),
3229:(1985),
3206:(1913),
3072:(2004),
2954:Germania
2635:(1967),
2578:citation
2336:Compare
2288:Xenophon
2245:-də-ridz
2004:Dioscūrī
1611:Juventas
1603:Hercules
1599:Heracles
1575:See also
1564:majolica
1404:or with
1285:Locrians
1272:evocatio
1261:made by
1216:Lavinium
1159:where a
1078:and the
949:Kastoria
937:Therapne
921:Spartans
902:Anakeion
869:and the
812:amphorae
779:Coin of
744:Poseidon
736:Heracles
661:Aphareus
653:Messenia
637:Hilaeira
590:Demophon
550:Bithynia
546:Bebryces
501:and the
495:Herakles
488:Boeotian
440:Herakles
342:Philonoe
334:Timandra
279:Castores
237:Dioscuri
171:Philonoe
167:Timandra
163:Siblings
139:(mother)
93:Anakeion
72:Castores
4244:Decline
4168:Objects
4070:Temples
4050:Charity
3784:Laverna
3774:Fortuna
3764:Feronia
3693:Veritas
3663:Salacia
3648:Priapus
3633:Penates
3613:Neptune
3608:Minerva
3603:Mercury
3566:Jupiter
3506:Dea Dia
3471:Bellona
3426:Deities
3220:Sources
2651:Hyginus
2489:, Theoi
2483:Homer,
2136:-ər-eez
2085:-in-eye
2034:') and
2024:
1893:
1757:
1745::
1621:Ashvins
1581:Ambulia
1566:, 1550)
1470:Gallery
1464:Acts 28
1449:Thunder
1435:in the
1381:in 1585
1377:on the
1342:horse.
1338:), the
1324:Photius
1314:Plautus
1298:equites
1228:κούροις
1202:Pompeii
1141:Pultuce
1110:Ashvins
1072:Socotra
1052:Sukhumi
1024:Kuretes
941:Eurotas
928:Gods".
816:metopes
692:Locrian
672:Arcadia
645:Lynceus
574:Theseus
544:of the
491:proxeny
463:Elektra
448:Alcaeus
444:Theseus
430:and in
428:Odyssey
422:Odyssey
359:in the
314:Odyssey
153:Jupiter
130:Parents
4327:Cybele
4211:Cybele
4137:Events
4085:Celtic
3953:Aeneid
3947:Virgil
3860:Aeneas
3794:Pietas
3779:Fontus
3754:Caelus
3744:Annona
3739:Africa
3708:Vulcan
3668:Saturn
3643:Pomona
3546:Genius
3536:Faunus
3526:Egeria
3466:Aurora
3461:Apollo
3363:
3348:
3330:
3291:Pindar
3266:Pindar
3187:
3105:
3080:
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3011:
2986:
2892:
2855:
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2805:
2662:2.22.2
2518:1.9.16
2342:1.9.16
2275:Selene
2271:Phoebe
2191:-id-ee
2037:koûroi
1809:Pollūx
1749:Kástōr
1738:Κάστωρ
1730:Castōr
1585:Athena
1558:, and
1554:Zeus,
1466::11).
1400:, the
1328:Hermes
1137:Kastur
1060:Sparta
933:herōon
931:Their
925:dókana
913:Sparta
904:, and
898:Athens
857:Dokana
820:Delphi
808:dokana
804:votive
789:Oppian
728:Pollux
726:) and
720:Castor
716:Gemini
688:Triton
665:Sparta
633:Phoebe
619:Rubens
594:Acamas
582:Aethra
578:Attica
562:Pelias
558:Iolcus
554:Peleus
542:Amycus
470:Cicero
436:Pindar
432:Hesiod
356:Cypria
340:, and
338:Phoebe
291:Gemini
275:Gemini
220:) are
214:Pollux
210:Castor
109:Gender
103:Horses
69:Gemini
4080:Cella
3987:Varro
3967:Fasti
3940:Texts
3824:Terra
3804:Salus
3769:Fides
3698:Vesta
3688:Venus
3638:Pluto
3628:Orcus
3583:Liber
3571:Lares
3556:Janus
3541:Flora
3531:Fauna
3511:Diana
3501:Cupid
3491:Ceres
3346:JSTOR
3328:JSTOR
2728:Iliad
2606:2008.
2568:[
1993:SKURE
1872:-seez
1726:Latin
1677:Notes
1655:Janus
1494:kylix
1336:Δώτορ
1257:votum
1149:Tinia
1121:Alcis
1106:Vedic
844:pilos
712:Hades
520:Jason
457:Helen
414:Iliad
410:Helen
405:Iliad
400:Homer
392:pilos
350:Iliad
308:Birth
229:Greek
99:Mount
4216:Isis
3961:Ovid
3814:Spes
3799:Roma
3598:Mars
3593:Luna
3561:Juno
3516:Dies
3416:and
3361:ISBN
3185:ISBN
3103:ISBN
3078:ISBN
3034:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2984:ISBN
2890:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2584:link
2486:Hymn
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2187:tin-
2134:KAST
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2028:Dîos
2022:lit.
1891:lit.
1868:-ih-
1804:-əks
1755:lit.
1721:-tər
1607:Hebe
1605:and
1589:Zeus
1560:Amor
1556:Hera
1453:Zeus
1433:John
1410:Paul
1139:and
1131:The
976:pear
906:Rome
891:Rome
867:Suda
836:Leda
824:Argo
649:Idas
647:and
635:and
598:Troy
592:and
525:Argo
460:and
442:and
266:and
256:Zeus
248:Leda
231:and
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212:and
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1997:OSK
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