6927:
genitive (sixth), and locative (seventh). In traditional analyses, there is always a clear distinction made between post-positional morphemes and case endings. The vocative is sometimes given a place in the case system as an eighth case, but vocative forms do not participate in usual morphophonemic alternations and do not govern the use of any postpositions. Modern grammarians, however, argue that this eight-case classification is coarse and artificial and that Tamil usage is best understood if each suffix or combination of suffixes is seen as marking a separate case.
1240:
36:
2975:: a suffix which attaches to elements of a subordinate clause. Its functions are: (i) specifying temporal or logical (typically, causal and purposive) relationships between two clauses (Temporal-subordinator); (ii) indicating coreferential relationships between arguments in the two clauses (Concord-subordinator).
2949:
noun phrases, most
Australian languages follow a basic ERG-ABS template with additional cases for peripheral arguments; however, many Australian languages, the function of case marking extends beyond the prototypical function of specifying the syntactic and semantic relation of an NP to a predicate.
1839:
All of the above are just rough descriptions; the precise distinctions vary significantly from language to language, and as such they are often more complex. Case is based fundamentally on changes to the noun to indicate the noun's role in the sentence – one of the defining features of so-called
2217:
nouns, the nominative and accusative have fallen together, whereas the dative–locative has remained separate in some paradigms; Irish also has genitive and vocative cases. In many modern Indo-Aryan languages, the accusative, genitive, and dative have merged to an oblique case, but many of these
7473:
Recent experiments in agent-based modeling have shown how case systems can emerge and evolve in a population of language users. The experiments demonstrate that language users may introduce new case markers to reduce the cognitive effort required for semantic interpretation, hence facilitating
6926:
case system is analyzed in native and missionary grammars as consisting of a finite number of cases. The usual treatment of Tamil case (Arden 1942) is one in which there are seven cases: nominative (first case), accusative (second case), instrumental (third), dative (fourth), ablative (fifth),
2650:
Declension is the process or result of altering nouns to the correct grammatical cases. Languages with rich nominal inflection (using grammatical cases for many purposes) typically have a number of identifiable declension classes, or groups of nouns with a similar pattern of case inflection or
6449:
Up to ten additional cases are identified by linguists, although today all of them are either incomplete (do not apply to all nouns or do not form full word paradigm with all combinations of gender and number) or degenerate (appear identical to one of the main six cases). The most recognized
7822:
as an affix or a clitic is the subject of debate. It differs from the noun inflection of languages such as German, in that the genitive ending may attach to the last word of the phrase. To account for this, the possessive can be analysed, for instance as a clitic construction (an "enclitic
7457:
can become unstressed and sound like they are an unstressed syllable of a neighboring word. A postposition can thus merge into the stem of a head noun, developing various forms depending on the phonological shape of the stem. Affixes are subject to various phonological processes such as
7623:) specifies the role of the trigger. The trigger may be identified as the agent, patient, etc. Other nouns may be inflected for case, but the inflections are overloaded; for example, in Tagalog, the subject and object of a verb are both expressed in the
3353:
However, this is by no means always the case or even the norm for
Australian languages. For many, case-affixes are considered special-clitics (i.e. phrasal-affixes, see Anderson 2005) because they have a singular fixed position within the phrase. For
1321:, although modern languages typically have fewer, using prepositions and word order to convey information that had previously been conveyed using distinct noun forms. Among modern languages, cases still feature prominently in most of the
4353:
using the case-marking postpositions using the nouns and pronouns in their oblique cases. The oblique case is used exclusively with these 8 case-marking postpositions of Hindi-Urdu forming 10 grammatical cases, which are:
1337:, which have four. In German, cases are mostly marked on articles and adjectives, and less so on nouns. In Icelandic, articles, adjectives, personal names and nouns are all marked for case, making it the most conservative
3258:
is an example of a language in which case marking occurs on all sub-constituents of the NP; see the following example in which the demonstrative, head, and quantifier of the noun phrase all receive ergative marking:
7437:
As languages evolve, case systems change. In early
Ancient Greek, for example, the genitive and ablative cases of given names became combined, giving five cases, rather than the six retained in Latin. In modern
7470:, and these processes can reduce or even eliminate the distinctions between cases. Languages can then compensate for the resulting loss of function by creating postpositions, thus coming full circle.
733:
English has largely lost its inflected case system but personal pronouns still have three cases, which are simplified forms of the nominative, accusative (including functions formerly handled by the
3994:, grammatical case is largely preserved in the articles and adjectives, but nouns have lost many of their original endings. Below is an example of case inflection in German using the masculine
8473:
We conclude that both head and phrasal genitives involve case inflection. With head genitives it is always a noun that inflects, while the phrasal genitive can apply to words of most classes.
8171:(i.e. the nominative of nouns, the present indicative of verbs), such as the oblique cases of nouns, the variations of adjectives due to gender and comparison, also the derived adverb (e.g.
3872:
Some of them can be re-declined, even more than once, as if they were nouns (usually, from the genitive locative case), although they mainly work as noun modifiers before a noun clause:
2663:, five for each gender (the number may vary depending on which paradigms are counted or omitted, this mainly concerns those that modify declension of foreign words; refer to article).
2950:
Dench and Evans (1988) use a five-part system for categorizing the functional roles of case marking in
Australian languages. They are enumerated below as they appear in Senge (2015):
7929:: –den önce, - den sonra, -den dolayı, - den beri, -den itibaren, -den başka vb. kahvaltıdan önce, yemekten sonra, yağmurdan dolayı, öğleden beri, bügünden itibaren, Ayça’dan başka.
2035:) which is based upon the possessive determiner form but is coreferential to a preceding instance of nominative or oblique, and the possessive case forms, which include both a
6321:
case inflection is given below (with explicit stress marks), using the singular forms of the
Russian term for "sailor", which belongs to Russian's first declension class.
2989:
for whose description Senge invokes this system. Each of the case markers functions in the prototypical relational sense, but many extend into these additional functions:
730:
represent the phenomenon perceived. Here, nominative and accusative are cases, that is, categories of pronouns corresponding to the functions they have in representation.
2240:
9415:
4326:
cases. The vocative case is now obsolete (but still used in certain regions) and the oblique case doubles as the vocative case. The pronoun cases in Hindi-Urdu are the
2142:
Cases can be ranked in the following hierarchy, where a language that does not have a given case will tend not to have any cases to the right of the missing case:
1053:. They are often closely related, and in languages such as Latin, several thematic roles are realised by a somewhat fixed case for deponent verbs, but cases are a
1138:, lit. "falling, fall". The sense is that all other cases are considered to have "fallen" away from the nominative. This imagery is also reflected in the word
7572:), separate from that of the agent (subject) or patient (direct object) of a transitive verb (which is in the ergative case or accusative case, respectively).
9477:
5757:
declension is relatively simple with regular suffixes attached to the vast majority of nouns. The following table lists all of the cases used in
Hungarian.
9437:
9348:
2277:
the order may be changed for convenience, where the accusative or the vocative cases are placed after the nominative and before the genitive. For example:
2945:) and the morpho-syntactic properties of case inflection including where/how many times across a noun phrase the case morphology will appear. For typical
2686:. A single case may contain many different endings, some of which may even be derived from different roots. For example, in Polish, the genitive case has
9482:
9457:
7542:): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is in the same case as the patient (direct object) of a transitive verb; this case is then called the
6845:
However, the cases may be deployed for other than the default thematic roles. A notable example is the passive construction. In the following sentence,
7662:
has 15 cases according to the traditional description (or up to 30 depending on the interpretation). However, only 12 are commonly used in speech (see
8388:
In speech the genitive is signalled in singular nouns by an inflection that has the same pronunciation variants as for plural nouns in the common case
2218:
languages still retain vocative, locative, and ablative cases. Old
English had an instrumental case, but neither a locative nor a prepositional case.
9462:
9405:
1344:
The eight historical Indo-European cases are as follows, with examples either of the
English case or of the English syntactic alternative to case:
702:
in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories. For instance, in
657:
7938:-den+ek-fill (ait olma bildirir): Kimlerdensiniz? Alp te bizdendir. (Bizim takımdandır.) Bulgaristan göçmenlerindenmiş. Sizin öğrencilerinizdenim.
7870:
Edatlardan –e ile bağlananlar: bize göre, bize karşı, her şeye karşın, kışa doğru, o konuya dair, size ait, yağmura karşın, iyiliklerine karşılık
7450:. In English, apart from the pronouns discussed above, case has vanished altogether except for the possessive/non-possessive dichotomy in nouns.
7518:): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is in the same case as the agent (subject) of a transitive verb; this case is then called the
1225:
translates as 'noun case', in which 'noun' has the older meaning of both 'adjective (noun)' and '(substantive) noun'. The
Finnish equivalent is
7609:
8238:
9422:
8984:
5571:
have largely abandoned or simplified the grammatical cases of Latin. Much like
English, most Romance case markers survive only in pronouns.
2073:
exhibits the greatest diversity of forms within the modern English pronoun system, having definite nominative, oblique, and genitive forms (
3501:
has the following cases, with examples given in the indefinite, definite singular, definite plural, and definite close plural of the word
2969:: a suffix which attaches to a noun phrase in agreement with another noun phrase which represents one of the core arguments in the clause.
2674:, phonological environment, and irregular historical factors. Pronouns sometimes have separate paradigms. In some languages, particularly
9212:
1152:
8603:
7819:
2636:
of a word as both genitive (to indicate semantic role) and another case such as accusative (to establish concord with the head noun).
2010:
1114:
8837:
2128:
between "The chair is here." (subject) and "I own the chair." (direct object), a distinction made instead by word order and context.
2632:, case is marked on the noun, the determiner, and usually the adjective. Other systems are less common. In some languages, there is
8817:
2584:
In the most common case concord system, only the head-word (the noun) in a phrase is marked for case. This system appears in many
8939:
8092:
5396:
Hindi lacks 3rd person personal pronouns and to compensate the demonstrative pronouns are used as 3rd person personal pronouns.
1219:
simply mean "fall", and are used for both the concept of grammatical case and to refer to physical falls. The Dutch equivalent
1057:
category, and thematic roles are the function of a syntagma/phrase in a larger structure. Languages having cases often exhibit
100:
8770:
8649:
8621:
8522:
8466:
8381:
8346:
1069:
It is widely accepted that the Ancient Greeks had a certain idea of the forms of a name in their own language. A fragment of
1033:
More formally, case has been defined as "a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their
835:
have extensive case systems, with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners all inflecting (usually by means of different
72:
7596:, as in "He tripped", then it is in the same case as the patient (direct object) of a transitive verb (sometimes called the
5413:
9134:
Iliev, Iv. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. International Journal of Russian Studies. 1, 2018
8185:
650:
9023:
6862:
6771:
2938:
79:
7510:
699:
9049:
7410:
The accusative can exist only in the noun(whether it is derived from a verb or not). For example, "Arkadaşlar bize gel
9115:
8969:
8804:
8718:
8302:
8270:
8102:
7891:
Kesir sayları kurar: Yüzde yirmi faiz, dörtte bir elma, yüzde yetmiş devam, binde bir olasılık, yüzde on beş indirim.
2942:
1872:
of Modern English retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class (a remnant of the more extensive
119:
53:
4342:
cases. The case forms which do not exist for certain pronouns are constructed using primary postpositions (or other
7558:
7534:
1978:
of a verb, for the object of a preposition, for an absolute disjunct, and sometimes for the complement of a copula.
8991:". In: Steels, Luc (Ed.), Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2012, p. 169-205.
3362:(i.e. the case marker is attracted to the rightmost edge of the phrase). See the following examples respectively:
86:
9205:
7421:
The dative can exist only in the noun (whether it is derived from a verb or not). For example, "Bol bol kitap oku
2934:
643:
8503:""Quirky" case: rare phenomena in case-marking and their implications for a theory of typological distributions"
8161:
7588:, as in "He ate", then it is in the same case as the agent (subject) of a transitive verb (sometimes called the
8913:
Harold F. Schiffman (June 1998). "Standardization or restandardization: The case for "Standard" Spoken Tamil".
7900:-de+ek-fill örneği: –Yarın evde misiniz? – Yok, okuldayım. – Şimdi neredesiniz? - Şu anda dersteyiz. Otur-mak-
57:
7745:
or basic case, which is typically the nominative, trigger, or absolutive case, whichever a language may have.
7832:
Yaşamı sevmek, gazeteyi okumak, camları silmek, ödevini yapmak, sesini duymak, kapıyı açmak, üzümü toplamak.
7716:
7474:
communication through language. Case markers then become generalized through analogical reasoning and reuse.
6474:). Sometimes, so called count-form (for some countable nouns after numerals) is considered to be a sub-case.
68:
8189:), the other tenses and moods of the verb, including its interrogative form. The grammarians, following the
8167:
2017:
Most English personal pronouns have five forms: the nominative case form, the oblique case form, a distinct
9548:
7741:
form of words, which is the form chosen by convention as the canonical form of a word, is usually the most
5902:
4350:
17:
9125:
7631:
The following are systems that some languages use to mark case instead of, or in addition to, declension:
5804:
1876:). For other pronouns, and all nouns, adjectives, and articles, grammatical function is indicated only by
8485:
8124:
7769:
7576:
2656:
1285:('Balakhna is 500 years old', literally ' 500 years to Balakhna') on the front of the sign. Furthermore,
619:
5412:
case inflection is given below, using the singular forms of the Latin term for "cook", which belongs to
9860:
9787:
9363:
9198:
8061:
7459:
6326:
5973:
5916:
757:(my, mine; your, yours; his; her, hers; its; our, ours; their, theirs; whose; whosever). Forms such as
9001:
5728:
3358:, the case marker usually appears on the first phrasal constituent while the opposite is the case for
9259:
9242:
9232:
9149:
8697:
Wangkatja dictionary 2008. (2008). Port Hedland, W.A: Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre.
8289:; Denison, David; Krajewski, Grzegorz; Scott, Alan (2013). "Expression of Possession in English". In
8254:
8208:
7779:
7488:
1896:
1002:(as in "John kicked the ball with his foot") might be rendered in Russian using a single noun in the
404:
354:
291:
271:
8796:
Handbook of oriental studies: India. A history of Sanskrit grammatical literature in Tibet, Volume 2
8234:
7584:): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb can be in one of two cases; if the argument is an
2069:, which use the same form for both determiner and independent ). The interrogative personal pronoun
9750:
7675:
2651:
declension. Sanskrit has six declension classes, whereas Latin is traditionally considered to have
2274:
2037:
1936:
1110:
1054:
809:
487:
430:
425:
243:
191:
8613:
5682:
5386:(kaun) is the animate interrogative pronoun and क्या (kyā) is the inanimate interrogative pronoun.
2981:: a suffix which attaches to a bare stem before other case suffixes and create a new lexical item.
8981:
8373:
8213:
7754:
7667:
1298:
920:
597:
482:
435:
324:
46:
3868:, "They have handed out five books to each student"), only in the indefinite grammatical number.
9834:
7708:
family and reconstructed its case system; although the hypothesis had been largely discredited.
2621:
1873:
1322:
852:
602:
574:
535:
515:
470:
465:
334:
8795:
8409:
8338:
8331:
7638:: Nouns are not inflected for case; the position of a noun in the sentence expresses its case.
2249:
There are five Cases, the right , the generic , the dative, the accusative, and the vocative.
93:
9824:
9804:
9145:
9105:
8708:
8221:
7655:
7502:
5705:
5636:
5613:
5590:
1082:
691:
475:
238:
8567:
Dench, Alan; Evans, Nicholas (1988-06-01). "Multiple case-marking in Australian languages".
7696:
languages also exhibit complex case systems. Since the abovementioned languages, along with
7442:, the cases have been reduced to three: a direct case (for subjects and direct objects) and
2666:
In Indo-European languages, declension patterns may depend on a variety of factors, such as
7723:
5659:
4343:
2617:
2605:
2412:
1940:
1294:
948:
695:
409:
399:
135:
9760:
8830:
3939:(the one which comes from the house), etxetikoari (to the one which comes from the house),
8:
9799:
9765:
9641:
9133:
9024:"A Philosophical Grammar of Ithkuil, a Constructed Language – Chapter 4: Case Morphology"
7498:
5580:
4304:
2613:
2601:
1989:
1911:
1861:
912:
567:
495:
159:
8414:
In writing, the inflection of regular nouns is realized in the singular by apostrophe +
1081:. The advancements of those philosophers were later employed by the philologists of the
9829:
9819:
9772:
9715:
9692:
9611:
8882:
8776:
7984:
7979:
7962:
7738:
7693:
7689:
7679:
7663:
7467:
6436:
6312:
5754:
4312:
3359:
3255:
2986:
2695:
2671:
2667:
2593:
2228:
2180:
1841:
1338:
1326:
1078:
1034:
968:
928:
924:
888:
884:
860:
844:
359:
339:
284:
260:
233:
8002:
1207:) is a calque from Greek and similarly contains a root meaning "fall", and the German
9839:
9794:
9782:
9616:
9543:
9358:
9287:
9111:
8800:
8780:
8766:
8757:. Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Vol. 61. pp. 153–198.
8735:
8714:
8655:
8645:
8617:
8584:
8518:
8462:
8450:
8446:
8402:
8377:
8342:
8298:
8266:
8098:
7789:
7701:
7671:
7568:
6998:
6608:
6415:
5932:
5770:
5568:
3857:
3674:
2660:
2629:
2206:
2190:
2019:
2009:), used for a grammatical possessor. This is not always considered to be a case; see
1865:
1762:
1375:
1314:
1293:
Although not very prominent in modern English, cases featured much more saliently in
1049:
1038:
1003:
994:. A role that one of those languages marks by case is often marked in English with a
960:
944:
904:
896:
872:
770:
562:
555:
545:
510:
500:
440:
374:
314:
296:
184:
7823:
postposition") or as an inflection of the last word of a phrase ("edge inflection").
2957:: a suffix which represents syntactic or semantic roles of a noun phrase in clauses.
2678:, a case may contain different groups of endings depending on whether the word is a
2620:, only the phrase-final word (not necessarily the noun) is marked for case. In many
2270:
of Latin. Later other European languages also followed that Graeco-Roman tradition.
9814:
9809:
9777:
9745:
9682:
9661:
9646:
9631:
9596:
9502:
9492:
9487:
9442:
8922:
8874:
8758:
8681:
8609:
8576:
8510:
8365:
8322:
7974:
7705:
7685:
7659:
7620:
7604:
6318:
6151:
5989:
5959:
4177:
4096:
2675:
2652:
2625:
2597:
2589:
2585:
1975:
1869:
1857:
1325:(except Macedonian and Bulgarian), with most having six to eight cases, as well as
1268:
1251:
964:
932:
908:
892:
876:
848:
840:
832:
790:
742:
703:
505:
369:
8970:
https://web.stanford.edu/group/cslipublications/cslipublications/LFG/10/lfg05.html
9755:
9687:
9656:
9528:
9447:
9432:
9343:
9292:
9272:
9267:
8988:
8502:
8454:
8242:
8077:
7799:
7697:
7544:
7526:
7520:
6967:
6947:
6583:
6533:
6394:
6331:
5821:
5796:
5763:
5492:
5429:
5154:
5040:
4997:
4759:
4665:
4522:
4454:
4252:
4190:
4165:
4111:
4082:
4012:
3991:
3509:
3498:
3173:
2609:
2226:
The traditional case order (nom-gen-dat-acc) was expressed for the first time in
2156:
2152:
2146:
1905:
1484:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1370:
1330:
1058:
1043:
956:
936:
916:
880:
856:
754:
746:
723:
715:
550:
419:
381:
221:
203:
179:
174:
8762:
8685:
8202:
1221:
1146:
9651:
9591:
9575:
9472:
9467:
9452:
9427:
9395:
9385:
9370:
9338:
9302:
9101:
8865:
K. V. Zvelebil (1972). "Dravidian Case-Suffixes: Attempt at a Reconstruction".
8326:
8318:
7759:
6923:
6232:
6124:
3847:
3837:
3649:
3355:
3232:
2633:
2262:
2214:
2202:
2137:
1954:
1885:
1528:
1459:
1187:
1163:
The equivalent to "case" in several other European languages also derives from
1061:, as thematic roles are not required to be marked by position in the sentence.
900:
868:
828:
750:
614:
445:
364:
248:
169:
9027:
8926:
8580:
8514:
5421:
2307:
2108:
show only a singular/plural and a possessive/non-possessive distinction (e.g.
2061:) which is distinct (with two exceptions: the third person singular masculine
9854:
9720:
9677:
9623:
9601:
9570:
9555:
9538:
9523:
9518:
9497:
9410:
9390:
9380:
9353:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9307:
9282:
8659:
8588:
8290:
8286:
8258:
7712:
7624:
7550:
7447:
7228:
7182:
7142:
7093:
6714:
6683:
6664:
6564:
6352:
6255:
6205:
6178:
6070:
6043:
6016:
5875:
5548:
5534:
5513:
5450:
5083:
4712:
4584:
4508:
4292:
4278:
4264:
4213:
4129:
4035:
3724:
3699:
3580:
3530:
3129:
3089:
3067:
3022:
2963:: a suffix which relates a noun phrase to another within the one noun phrase.
2267:
2210:
2184:
2174:
2166:
2162:
1983:
1694:
1651:
1575:
1548:
1412:
1310:
1215:
1193:
972:
864:
805:
801:
738:
329:
8140:
6487:
1227:
1181:
1175:
9375:
9297:
9053:
7784:
7454:
7443:
6097:
5303:
5232:
4860:
4813:
4545:
4493:
3149:
2946:
1948:
1540:
1471:
1334:
1239:
1209:
579:
414:
228:
196:
164:
8400:
Quirk, Randolph; Greenbaum, Sidney; Leech, Geoffrey; Svartik, Jan (1985).
7566:): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is in its own case (the
2937:
represent a diversity of case paradigms in terms of their alignment (i.e.
2295:
1105:
1018:, meaning "the foot") with both words (the definite article, and the noun
9740:
9606:
9533:
9400:
9277:
7794:
7044:
6639:
6373:
5848:
5583:, only the inflection changes for the seven different grammatical cases:
5471:
5225:
4806:
4234:
4147:
4060:
3995:
3555:
3044:
2170:
1932:
1881:
1845:
1479:
1379:
1306:
1169:
995:
839:) to indicate their case. The number of cases differs between languages:
734:
8713:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Jhn Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 51.
8119:
7988:
2011:
English possessive § Status of the possessive as a grammatical case
1767:
A means or tool used or companion present in/while performing an action
9699:
9636:
9565:
9560:
9237:
7774:
7764:
7742:
7641:
6491:
2645:
1877:
1619:
1140:
983:
979:
952:
687:
679:
629:
624:
609:
540:
349:
255:
211:
8886:
8159:
was applied to any derived, inflected, or extended form of the simple
7453:
The evolution of the treatment of case relationships can be circular.
2241:Πτώσεις ὀνομάτων εἰσὶ πέντε· ὀρθή, γενική, δοτική, αἰτιατική, κλητική.
8490:. Translated by Tomas Davidson. St. Loius: Studley. 1874. p. 10.
8461:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 479–481.
8151:
7524:, with the patient (direct object) of a transitive verb being in the
2683:
1133:
1025:
1013:
940:
683:
319:
216:
9190:
8422:), and in the regular plural by the apostrophe following the plural
7608:: One noun in a sentence is the topic or focus. This noun is in the
7493:
Languages are categorized into several case systems, based on their
6498:, which are related to the following eight Sanskrit cases in order:
1848:
was a fusional language, but Modern English does not work this way.
1243:
On this sign in Russian memorializing an anniversary of the city of
1073:
seems to prove this. Grammatical cases were first recognized by the
35:
8878:
6483:
1535:
construction before the object, often marked by a definite article
1466:
construction before the object, often marked by a definite article
1244:
1070:
991:
816:
344:
9075:
8710:
Case and Grammatical Relations: Studies in honor of Bernard Comrie
6861:, object, is in the nominative case (as subject of the verb). The
4346:) and the oblique case (shown in parentheses in the table below).
7726:
820:
149:
9076:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language – Chapter 4: Case Morphology"
3346:
DIST-ERG man-ERG two-ERG REAL=3.AUG.SBJ sing-PRES corroboree.ABS
2415:
is nominative–accusative–dative–genitive, as illustrated below:
8190:
7730:
7682:
has 18, both with additional archaic cases used for some words.
2985:
To illustrate this paradigm in action, take the case-system of
1123:
1074:
987:
836:
276:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
8199:
to nouns, and included the nominative under the designation".
2698:
may add another layer of complexity. For example, in Russian:
2411:
For similar reasons, the customary order of the four cases in
9126:
On the Nature of Grammatical Case ... (Case and Vocativeness)
8753:
Butt, M.; King, Tracy Holloway (2004). "The Status of Case".
8194:
8178:
8172:
8154:
8145:
7616:
7548:, with the agent (subject) of a transitive verb being in the
7463:
7439:
5561:
5409:
3527:: "house, the / a house, (the / some) houses, these houses"),
2257:
1302:
1127:
1019:
1007:
824:
8507:
Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory
8358:
8285:
7733:
and Ithkuil after the 2011 revision both have 96 noun cases.
8438:
8317:
8295:
Morphosyntactic Categories and the Expression of Possession
8263:
Morphosyntactic Categories and the Expression of Possession
7613:
7612:, and information elsewhere in the sentence (for example a
4308:
3967:(the one which belongs to the one which goes to the house),
2679:
843:
has three; modern English has three but for pronouns only;
675:
9179:
Chapter 98: Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
8399:
1689:
Roughly corresponds to the archaic use of "O" in English.
8982:
The Evolution of Case Systems for Marking Event Structure
8353:
more appropriately described as an enclitic postposition'
8094:
English Grammatical Categories: And the Tradition to 1800
2201:
This is, however, only a general tendency. Many forms of
1264:
on the right is in the nominative case, whereas the word
800:
As a language evolves, cases can merge (for instance, in
8555:
A Grammar of Wanyjirra, a language of Northern Australia
3343:
yalu-nggu mawun-du gujarra-lu ngu=wula yunbarn-ana junba
2273:
However, for some languages, such as Latin, due to case
1806:
How? With what or using what? By what means? With whom?
8297:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 149–176.
8265:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 123–148.
8003:"Whosever | Definition of Whosever by Merriam-Webster"
1899:
are typically said to have three morphological cases:
1860:
has largely abandoned the inflectional case system of
1622:(possessive determiners and pronouns) and preposition
1539:. Together with accusative, it forms modern English's
1317:. Historically, the Indo-European languages had eight
753:(me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom, whomever) and
8031:
7704:, shared certain similarities, linguists proposed an
2104:
can have subject and object forms (he/him, she/her),
8311:
5522:– I am taller than the cook: ablative of comparison)
1153:
1115:
8912:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8401:
8330:
8201:
2929:
2124:); there is no manifest difference in the form of
2085:) and equivalently-coordinating indefinite forms (
1470:. Together with dative, it forms modern English's
9184:Chapter 99: Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
8257:(2013). "A cognitive analysis of John's hat". In
3854:), only in the indefinite grammatical number, and
27:Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
9852:
7644:: Nouns are accompanied by words that mark case.
5740:
5734:
5717:
5711:
5694:
5688:
5671:
5665:
5648:
5642:
5625:
5619:
5602:
5596:
998:. For example, the English prepositional phrase
8940:2. accusative affix -mayı 3. dative affix -maya
8444:
8404:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
8333:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
6293:
6286:
6263:
6220:
6213:
6193:
6186:
6166:
6159:
6139:
6132:
6112:
6105:
6085:
6078:
6058:
6051:
6031:
6024:
6004:
5997:
5967:
5947:
5940:
5910:
5890:
5883:
5863:
5856:
5836:
5829:
5809:
1231:, whose main meaning is "position" or "place".
808:merged with the dative), a phenomenon known as
749:(I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever),
8864:
8860:
8858:
8707:Corbett, Greville G.; Noonan, Michael (2008).
8200:
7967:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
7882:person pronouns: Ben-e> bana, sen-e>sana
6382:: (They/Someone) gave a present to the sailor)
3432:Boordiji-nim niiwandi aamba i-na-m-boo-na aril
2266:, followed the Greek tradition, but added the
9206:
8706:
8678:Case Suffixes as Special Clitics in Wangkatja
8459:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
7654:With a few exceptions, most languages in the
6482:Grammatical case was analyzed extensively in
6469:
6463:
6457:
6451:
6440:
6427:
6419:
6406:
6398:
6385:
6377:
6364:
6356:
6343:
6335:
3981:(with the one which goes up to the houses)...
3844:), only in the indefinite grammatical number,
2694:for adjectives. To a lesser extent, a noun's
2213:, have a dative case but lack a genitive. In
1198:
651:
8279:
7482:
6853:, but appears in the instrumental case, and
4086:
4072:
4064:
4047:
4039:
4022:
4002:
1821:as well as synonymous constructions such as
1741:Roughly corresponds to English prepositions
694:) that corresponds to one or more potential
8901:A Progressive Grammar of the Tamil Language
8855:
8247:
7414:düşünüyorlar." (Friends are thinking of com
5552:
5538:
5525:
5517:
5504:
5496:
5483:
5475:
5462:
5454:
5441:
5433:
3883:(with the one which pertains to the house),
3435:fat-ERG tall man 3-TR-PST-poke-REM.PST fish
1098:
9213:
9199:
9155:World Atlas of Language Structures Online
9107:Indo-European linguistics: an introduction
8566:
8557:. The Australian National University Ph.D.
8072:
8070:
6200:from on top of the house, about the house
5699:– He scared the cats with (using) the dog.
3998:and one of the German words for "sailor".
1234:
658:
644:
8755:Clause Structure in South Asian Languages
8614:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279906.001.0001
8500:
8364:
7978:
7271:Modern Turkish has six cases (In Turkish
3953:(about the one which goes to the houses),
3913:(the ones which are due to the problems),
3414:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
9100:
8867:Journal of the American Oriental Society
8752:
8675:
8601:
8037:
7963:"The Stoic Notion of a Grammatical Case"
7925:Some prepositions of name connects with
6424:: (I) have a friendship with the sailor)
3925:(about the one which is in the houses),
2905:
2769:
1238:
1097:used in this sense comes from the Latin
8903:. Madras: Christian Literature Society.
8733:
8531:
8090:
8078:"Linguaggio nell'Enciclopedia Treccani"
8067:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8046:
7722:The original version of John Quijada's
6746:For example, in the following sentence
5722:– "We'll meet at the White Dog (Cafe)."
5547:For some toponyms, a seventh case, the
3489:'The child is sitting in the big tree.'
3483:tjitji warta purlkana-ngka nyinarra-nyi
3337:
2901:
2844:
2765:
2710:
2639:
2579:
14:
9853:
8964:Spencer, A. (2005). Case in Hindi. In
8639:
8293:; Denison, David; Scott, Alan (eds.).
8261:; Denison, David; Scott, Alan (eds.).
8253:
7729:has 81 noun cases, and its descendant
7627:when they are not in the trigger case.
7477:
3977:(the one which goes up to the house),
1699:Location, either physical or temporal
1037:". Cases should be distinguished from
9220:
9194:
9169:Chapter 50: Asymmetrical Case Marking
9093:
8671:
8669:
8635:
8633:
8549:
8547:
8449:(2002). "Nouns and noun phrases". In
7960:
7080:மன்னனின் பொருட்டு (mannanin poruttu)
6507:
6210:at (used to indicate time or moment)
5029:
5021:
4403:
4038:) "the sailor's / the sailor" (e.g.
3469:
3376:
3349:Those two men are singing corroboree.
3326:
3293:
3282:
3271:
2131:
2065:and the third person singular neuter
9174:Chapter 51: Position of Case Affixes
8222:participating institution membership
8043:
7956:
7954:
7658:family make extensive use of cases.
7648:
6462:), and two forms of vocative — old (
5653:– "He gave the bone to another dog."
4281:) "the main train station of Berlin"
3949:(the one which goes to the houses),
3929:(to the one which is in the houses),
3402:
3311:
3307:
2234:
1809:Corresponds to English prepositions
1757:and other less common prepositions.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
9002:"Finnish Grammar – Adverbial cases"
8966:Proceedings of the LFG05 Conference
8740:Proceedings of the LFG05 Conference
5964:into (used to show transformation)
4132:) "the woman's / the woman" (e.g.
3963:(the one which goes to the house),
3909:(which is because of the problem),
3893:(in the one which is for the girl),
3303:
1974:), used for the direct or indirect
1030:) "foot") changing to dative form.
978:Commonly encountered cases include
24:
8666:
8630:
8544:
8117:
7980:10.1111/j.2041-5370.1994.tb00449.x
6183:from (movement away from a thing)
4220:- the pages of the book are green)
4099:with the German word for "woman".
3418:
3410:
3406:
2530:
2511:
2463:
2444:
1077:and from some philosophers of the
25:
9872:
9512:Possession, companion, instrument
9139:
8569:Australian Journal of Linguistics
7951:
6911:Devadatta} {the rice} {is cooked}
4263:Proper names for cities have two
4180:with the German word for "book".
4069:– I gave a present to the sailor)
4044:– the name of the sailor is Otto)
3903:(the one which is for the girls),
1851:
1618:Roughly corresponds to English's
1289:is in the genitive (plural) case.
1103:, which is derived from the verb
777:kicked John"), and forms such as
8955:, Oxford University Press, 1972.
8605:Aspects of the Theory of Clitics
6361:: The sailor's son is an artist)
6129:onto (movement towards a thing)
4349:The other cases are constructed
4216:) "the book's/ the book" (e.g.
4154:- I gave a present to the woman)
4136:- the cat of the woman is white)
4066:Ich gab dem Seemann ein Geschenk
3959:(which goes towards the house),
3438:The tall fat man speared a fish.
2559:
2489:
2301:
722:represent the perceiver and the
285:Singulative-Collective-Plurative
34:
9068:
9042:
9016:
8994:
8974:
8958:
8945:
8933:
8906:
8893:
8843:from the original on 2004-03-28
8823:
8810:
8787:
8746:
8727:
8700:
8691:
8595:
8560:
8494:
8478:
8393:
8228:
7932:
7919:
7912:-y-mış (oturuyormuş), otur-mak-
7894:
7885:
7873:
7864:
7847:
7826:
7812:
7132:மன்னனிலிருந்து (mannanilirundu)
6865:are reflected in the morphemes
6774:are reflected in the morphemes
6450:additional cases are locative (
6340:: The sailor is standing there)
6275:in the house, inside the house
5480:– I gave a present to the cook)
5414:Latin's second declension class
4295:) "Berlin's main train station"
4041:Der Name des Seemannes ist Otto
4019:– the sailor is standing there)
3315:
2930:Australian Aboriginal languages
2848:
2714:
2661:fifteen noun declension classes
1150:, "to lean", from the PIE root
45:needs additional citations for
9146:Grammatical Features Inventory
9110:. Cambridge University Press.
8899:Arden, A.H. 1942, repr. 1969.
8818:W.D. Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar
8541:, Bristol Phoenix Press, 2007.
8487:The grammar of Dionysios Thrax
8132:
8111:
8097:. Cambridge University Press.
8084:
8019:
7995:
6828:vṛkṣ-āt parṇ-am bhūm-au patati
6355:) " sailor's / sailor" (e.g.
5459:– the cook's name is Claudius)
4218:Die Seiten des Buchs sind grün
3973:(which goes up to the house),
3935:(which comes from the house),
3879:(that which is of the house),
3267:
2806:(The) pillar holds a/the roof)
2540:
2473:
2417:
2313:
249:Suffixaufnahme (case stacking)
13:
1:
9026:. Ithkuil.net. Archived from
8644:. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
7945:
7908:-y-dı (oturuyordu), otur-mak-
7861:çeyrek var. Kaç liraya? Kaça?
6453:в лесу́, на мосту́, в слеза́х
6445:: (I) think about the sailor)
6283:types or variants of a thing
6119:from the inside of the house
5574:
5438:– the cook is standing there)
4299:
4152:Ich gab der Frau ein Geschenk
4095:An example with the feminine
3919:(by means of the wooden one),
3605:destinative (or benefactive:
2221:
1931:), used for the subject of a
1729:We will see what will happen
1615:Whose? From what or what of?
875:and Ancient Greek have five;
9716:Postpositional/Prepositional
7717:Northeast Caucasian language
7432:
7305:Where from? From whom? Why?
6904:devadatt-ena odan-am pacyate
5903:Instrumental-comitative case
5897:of the house (belonging to)
5749:
5719:Susitiksime „Baltame šunyje“
5630:– "Tom took the dog's bone."
4315:) has three noun cases, the
4239:Ich gab dem Buch einen Titel
3945:(which goes to the houses),
3486:child tree big-LOC sitting-?
2917:Peter breaks pillar-ACC.INAN
1197:in German. The Russian word
1088:
935:, Sanskrit, Kannada, Tamil,
7:
9164:Chapter 49: Number of Cases
9159:Chapter 28: Case Syncretism
8763:10.1007/978-1-4020-2719-2_6
8686:10.13140/RG.2.2.10204.00649
8608:. Oxford University Press.
8337:. Harlow: Longman. p.
8125:Online Etymology Dictionary
8091:Michael, Ian (2010-06-10).
7770:Differential object marking
7748:
7083:மன்னனுக்காக (mannanukkaaga)
6511:Root word: वृक्ष (vṛ́kṣa)
6477:
5650:Jis davė kaulą kitam šuniui
4176:An example with the neuter
4134:Die Katze der Frau ist weiß
3899:(which is with the girls),
2924:
2896:
2885:
2874:
2839:
2828:
2817:
2789:
2778:
2760:
2735:
2724:
2705:
2049:) and a predicatively-used
365:Lexical aspect (Aktionsart)
10:
9877:
8793:Pieter Cornelis Verhagen,
8602:Anderson, Stephen (2005).
8501:Malchukov, Andrej (2010).
8370:The Oxford English Grammar
8195:
8184:
8179:
8173:
8166:
8160:
8155:
8146:
8062:Cambridge University Press
7904:-dır (oturuyor), otur-mak-
7486:
7266:
6939:Example: மன்னன் (mannan)
6310:
6306:
6156:on/upon (static position)
5696:Jis šunimi išgąsdino kates
5453:) " cook's / cook" (e.g.
4600:
4399:
4241:- I gave the book a title)
2803:pillar-NOM.INAN holds roof
2659:. For example, Slovak has
2643:
2608:, and other languages. In
2135:
1874:case system of Old English
1580:Possessor of another noun
1506:The clerk gave a discount
1154:
1128:
1116:
1064:
1020:
1008:
741:cases. They are used with
9733:
9708:
9670:
9584:
9511:
9317:Location, time, direction
9316:
9260:Morphosyntactic alignment
9258:
9251:
9243:Morphosyntactic alignment
9228:
8927:10.1017/S0047404598003030
8676:Shoulson, Oliver (2019),
8581:10.1080/07268608808599390
8539:Learning Greek with Plato
8515:10.1515/9783110220933.139
8209:Oxford English Dictionary
8150:lit. 'falling, fall'. By
7780:List of grammatical cases
7495:morphosyntactic alignment
7489:Morphosyntactic alignment
7483:Morphosyntactic alignment
7462:, vowel centering to the
6951:
6935:
6932:
6693:
6649:
6618:
6549:
6543:
6510:
6470:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6441:
6428:
6420:
6407:
6399:
6386:
6378:
6365:
6357:
6344:
6336:
6325:
5769:
5762:
5745:– "He shouted: Hey, dog!"
5391:
5381:
5214:
5206:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5013:
5005:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4916:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4640:
4630:
4625:
4618:
4613:
4604:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4514:
4497:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4446:
4417:
4412:
3985:
3889:(which is for the girl),
3493:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2920:Peter breaks a/the pillar
2524:
2521:
2518:
2507:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2440:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2369:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2305:
2293:
2291:
1897:English personal pronouns
1568:Whence? From where/whom?
1527:Corresponds to English's
1458:Corresponds to English's
1398:Corresponds to English's
1281:is in the dative case in
1272:
1255:
1199:
1006:, or in Ancient Greek as
8953:Outline of Hindi Grammar
8734:Spencer, Andrew (2005).
8329:; Svartvik, Jan (1985).
7820:status of the possessive
7805:
7676:Estonian locative system
7172:மன்னனுடைய (mannanudaiya)
6917:
6490:identified six semantic
5937:for, for the purpose of
5456:nōmen coquī Claudius est
5403:
2860:Peter strokes cat-ACC.AN
2749:cat-NOM.AN. catches mice
1788:This letter was written
1738:Where or wherein? When?
1111:Proto-Indo-European root
895:each have at least six;
488:Serial verb construction
8831:"The Tamil Case System"
8640:Bowern, Claire (2013).
8374:Oxford University Press
8214:Oxford University Press
8026:The Chambers Dictionary
7961:Frede, Michael (1994).
7755:Agreement (linguistics)
7668:Finnish locative system
7329:/ (a/the) flower (acc)
7322:/ (a/the) flower (nom)
7077:மன்னனுக்கு (mannanukku)
6379:Моряку подарили подарок
5791:Meaning of the example
5551:, also exists, such as
5540:grātiās tibi agō, coque
4272:der Hauptbahnhof Berlin
4063:) " the sailor" (e.g.
3627:motivative (or causal:
2863:Peter strokes a/the cat
2800:Stolb-∅ dérzhit krýshu.
2752:(The) cat catches mice.
2688:-a, -u, -ów, -i/-y, -e-
2232:in the 2nd century BC:
1720:John is waiting for us
1299:Indo-European languages
1235:Indo-European languages
975:has at least 36 cases.
426:Honorifics (politeness)
9152:: 10.15126/SMG.18/1.04
8836:. Ccat.sas.upenn.edu.
8553:Senge, Chikako. 2015.
8144:used to translate Gr.
8139:
7376:/ (the) flowers (acc)
7369:/ (the) flowers (nom)
7350:/ from (a/the) flower
7218:மன்னனிடம் (mannanidam)
7031:மன்னனுடன் (mannanudan)
6770:, locative case). The
6762:, ablative case), and
6465:Го́споди, Бо́же, о́тче
6294:
6287:
6264:
6221:
6214:
6194:
6187:
6167:
6160:
6140:
6133:
6113:
6106:
6092:(away) from the house
6086:
6079:
6059:
6052:
6032:
6025:
6005:
5998:
5968:
5948:
5941:
5911:
5891:
5884:
5864:
5857:
5837:
5830:
5810:
5742:Jis sušuko: Ei, šunie!
5741:
5735:
5727:
5718:
5712:
5704:
5695:
5689:
5681:
5676:– "He washed the dog."
5672:
5666:
5658:
5649:
5643:
5635:
5627:Tomas paėmė šuns kaulą
5626:
5620:
5612:
5603:
5597:
5589:
5553:
5539:
5526:
5518:
5505:
5497:
5484:
5476:
5463:
5455:
5442:
5434:
5420:
4150:) " the woman" (e.g.
4087:
4085:) "the sailor" (e.g.
4073:
4065:
4048:
4040:
4023:
4015:) "the sailor" (e.g.
4003:
3793:terminative adlative (
3771:directional adlative (
2893:
2882:
2871:
2836:
2825:
2814:
2786:
2775:
2757:
2732:
2721:
2702:
2306:
2294:
2247:
2238:
1935:and sometimes for the
1593:book was on the table.
1323:Balto-Slavic languages
1290:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1145:
1122:. The Latin word is a
1109:, "to fall", from the
1104:
1099:
853:Modern Standard Arabic
603:Polypersonal agreement
9124:Ivan G. Iliev (2007)
7511:Nominative–accusative
7497:—how they group verb
7425:çalışıyorum." (I try
7397:/ from (the) flowers
7310:Whose? What's wrong?
6627:vṛkṣaiḥ / vṛkṣebhiḥ¹
6625:वृक्षैः / वृक्षेभिः¹
6459:ча́ю, са́хару, песку́
6403:: (I) see the sailor)
6358:Сын моряка — художник
5843:house (as an object)
5816:house (as a subject)
5537:) " the cook" (e.g.
4642:Singular & Plural
4344:grammatical particles
4237:) " the book" (e.g.
4168:) "the woman" (e.g.
4114:) "the woman" (e.g.
2939:nominative-accusative
2914:Pyotr lomáyet stolb-∅
1429:The clerk remembered
1242:
1083:Library of Alexandria
696:grammatical functions
239:Genitive construction
8376:. pp. 109–110.
7724:constructed language
7466:, phoneme loss, and
7357:/ of (a/the) flower
7343:/ in (a/the) flower
7336:/ to (a/the) flower
7034:மன்னனோடு (mannanOdu)
7028:மன்னனால் (mannanaal)
6835:the tree} {a leaf} {
6754:, nominative case),
6550:वृक्षाः / वृक्षासः¹
6468:) and neo-vocative (
6300:two types of houses
6173:on top of the house
6011:as far as the house
5831:-ot/(-at)/-et/-öt/-t
5543:– I thank you, cook)
4255:) "the book" (e.g.
4017:Der Seemann steht da
2935:Australian languages
2696:animacy or humanness
2692:-ego, -ej, -ich/-ych
2655:, and Ancient Greek
2640:Declension paradigms
2618:Australian languages
2580:Case concord systems
1797:I took a trip there
1666:, are you all right?
678:and noun modifiers (
492:Traditional grammar
460:Syntax relationships
136:Grammatical features
54:improve this article
8915:Language in Society
8408:. Longman. p.
8212:(Online ed.).
7916:-y-sa (oturuyorsa).
7559:Ergative–accusative
7535:Ergative–absolutive
7478:Linguistic typology
7404:/ of (the) flowers
7390:/ in (the) flowers
7383:/ to (the) flowers
7169:மன்னனது (mannanadu)
7129:மன்னனில் (mannanil)
7126:மன்னனின் (mannanin)
6552:vṛkṣāḥ / vṛkṣāsaḥ¹
6397:) " sailor" (e.g.
6376:) " sailor" (e.g.
6334:) " sailor" (e.g.
5775:
4091:– I saw the sailor)
4088:Ich sah den Seemann
3815:locative genitive (
3505:, "house", "home":
2943:ergative-absolutive
2746:Kot-∅ lóvit myshéy.
2288:
1990:possessive pronouns
1912:subjective pronouns
1868:constructions. The
1862:Proto-Indo-European
1780:We wiped the floor
1553:Movement away from
1319:morphological cases
1055:syntagmatic/phrasal
410:Comparison (degree)
160:Dative construction
9094:General references
8987:2013-06-18 at the
8642:A grammar of Bardi
8451:Huddleston, Rodney
8447:Huddleston, Rodney
8241:2009-11-21 at the
7664:Finnish noun cases
7592:), and if it is a
6439:) " sailor" (e.g.
6418:) " sailor" (e.g.
6313:Russian declension
5760:
5607:– "This is a dog."
4336:accusative, dative
4197:Das Buch ist gut -
4195:"the book" (e.g.
4172:- I saw the woman)
3862:Bost liburu ikasle
2857:Pyotr gládit kot-á
2797:Столб держит крышу
2286:
2260:grammars, such as
2229:The Art of Grammar
2132:Hierarchy of cases
1895:Taken as a whole,
1842:fusional languages
1637:Sample case words
1606:The table is made
1391:went to the store.
1356:Sample case words
1297:and other ancient
1291:
1191:in Portuguese and
1079:Peripatetic school
879:, Latin, Russian,
845:Torlakian dialects
815:Languages such as
360:Grammatical aspect
69:"Grammatical case"
9861:Grammatical cases
9848:
9847:
9729:
9728:
9222:Grammatical cases
9056:on March 12, 2009
8980:Remi van Trijp, "
8968:. Retrieved from
8772:978-1-4020-2717-8
8651:978-3-11-027818-7
8623:978-0-19-927990-6
8524:978-3-11-022092-6
8468:978-0-521-43146-0
8383:978-0-19-861250-6
8366:Greenbaum, Sidney
8348:978-0-582-51734-9
8323:Greenbaum, Sidney
8220:(Subscription or
8118:Harper, Douglas.
7790:Thematic relation
7649:Language families
7569:intransitive case
7429:a lot of books).
7408:
7407:
7264:
7263:
7215:வீட்டில் (vīṭṭil)
6988:மன்னனை (mannanai)
6839:the ground} falls
6744:
6743:
6732:
6731:
6486:. The grammarian
6304:
6303:
6227:at two (o'clock)
6075:from (away from)
5994:as far as, up to
5933:Causal-final case
5673:Jis nuprausė šunį
5569:Romance languages
5516:) " cook" (e.g.
5501:– I saw the cook)
5495:) " cook" (e.g.
5474:) " cook" (e.g.
5432:) " cook" (e.g.
5401:
5400:
5377:
5376:
5370:
5362:
5354:
5346:
5338:
5330:
5322:
5314:
5309:
5295:
5287:
5279:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5247:
5239:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5177:
5169:
5161:
5146:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5114:
5106:
5098:
5090:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5051:
5046:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5008:
5003:
4910:
4909:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4866:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4774:
4766:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4598:
4597:
4591:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4537:
4529:
4500:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4259:- I saw the book)
4199:the book is good)
4118:- the woman eats)
3979:etxerainokoarekin
3911:arazoarengatikoak
3253:
3252:
2911:Пётр ломает столб
2630:Semitic languages
2577:
2576:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2255:
2254:
2100:Although English
1870:personal pronouns
1837:
1836:
1704:at the bus stop,
1524:Whom or to what?
1339:Germanic language
1093:The English word
1004:instrumental case
789:are used for the
769:are used for the
743:personal pronouns
674:is a category of
668:
667:
563:Topic and Comment
546:Thematic relation
441:Reflexive pronoun
355:Tense–aspect–mood
315:Associated motion
297:Universal grinder
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
9868:
9741:Classical Arabic
9256:
9255:
9215:
9208:
9201:
9192:
9191:
9121:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9052:. Archived from
9046:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9020:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9009:
8998:
8992:
8978:
8972:
8962:
8956:
8951:R. S. McGregor,
8949:
8943:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8910:
8904:
8897:
8891:
8890:
8862:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8842:
8835:
8827:
8821:
8814:
8808:
8791:
8785:
8784:
8750:
8744:
8743:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8704:
8698:
8695:
8689:
8688:
8673:
8664:
8663:
8637:
8628:
8627:
8599:
8593:
8592:
8564:
8558:
8551:
8542:
8535:
8529:
8528:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8455:Pullum, Geoffrey
8442:
8436:
8435:
8431:
8407:
8397:
8391:
8390:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8336:
8315:
8309:
8308:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8251:
8245:
8235:Slavic Languages
8232:
8226:
8225:
8217:
8205:
8198:
8197:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8149:
8148:
8136:
8130:
8129:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8088:
8082:
8081:
8074:
8065:
8056:Blake, Barry J.
8054:
8041:
8035:
8029:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8013:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7982:
7958:
7939:
7936:
7930:
7923:
7917:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7868:
7862:
7851:
7845:
7830:
7824:
7816:
7278:
7277:
7258:மன்னவா(mannavaa)
7255:மன்னனே (mannanE)
6930:
6929:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6473:
6472:
6471:Маш, пап, ребя́т
6467:
6466:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6444:
6443:
6434:
6433:
6423:
6422:
6413:
6412:
6402:
6401:
6392:
6391:
6381:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6360:
6359:
6350:
6349:
6339:
6338:
6329:
6317:An example of a
6297:
6290:
6267:
6224:
6217:
6197:
6190:
6170:
6163:
6152:Superessive case
6143:
6136:
6116:
6109:
6089:
6082:
6062:
6055:
6035:
6028:
6021:into (location)
6008:
6001:
5990:Terminative case
5971:
5960:Translative case
5951:
5944:
5914:
5894:
5887:
5867:
5860:
5853:indirect object
5840:
5833:
5813:
5806:
5776:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5744:
5738:
5721:
5715:
5698:
5692:
5675:
5669:
5652:
5646:
5629:
5623:
5606:
5600:
5559:
5542:
5532:
5521:
5519:sum altior coquō
5511:
5500:
5490:
5479:
5477:coquō dōnum dedī
5469:
5458:
5448:
5437:
5408:An example of a
5368:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5307:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5237:
5215:
5207:
5199:
5191:
5183:
5175:
5167:
5159:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5104:
5096:
5088:
5073:
5065:
5057:
5049:
5044:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
5001:
4914:
4913:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4864:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4702:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4670:
4602:
4601:
4589:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4535:
4527:
4498:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4257:Ich sah das Buch
4178:definite article
4170:Ich sah die Frau
4097:definite article
4090:
4080:
4068:
4058:
4043:
4033:
4010:
3996:definite article
3471:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3378:
3339:
3328:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3284:
3273:
3269:
2992:
2991:
2907:
2903:
2854:Пётр гладит кота
2850:
2846:
2771:
2767:
2716:
2712:
2676:Slavic languages
2586:Papuan languages
2561:
2542:
2532:
2513:
2491:
2475:
2465:
2446:
2418:
2315:
2303:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2235:
1640:Sample sentence
1560:The pigeon flew
1531:and preposition
1494:to the (object)
1462:and preposition
1441:at the bus stop.
1400:subject pronouns
1359:Sample sentence
1347:
1346:
1283:Balakhne 500 Let
1277:
1260:
1202:
1201:
1157:
1156:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1118:
1102:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1010:
672:grammatical case
660:
653:
646:
394:General features
309:Related to verbs
144:Related to nouns
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
9876:
9875:
9871:
9870:
9869:
9867:
9866:
9865:
9851:
9850:
9849:
9844:
9788:Old High German
9725:
9704:
9666:
9580:
9507:
9312:
9247:
9224:
9219:
9142:
9130:
9118:
9102:Clackson, James
9096:
9091:
9081:
9079:
9074:
9073:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9048:
9047:
9043:
9033:
9031:
9030:on June 8, 2009
9022:
9021:
9017:
9007:
9005:
9000:
8999:
8995:
8989:Wayback Machine
8979:
8975:
8963:
8959:
8950:
8946:
8938:
8934:
8911:
8907:
8898:
8894:
8863:
8856:
8846:
8844:
8840:
8833:
8829:
8828:
8824:
8815:
8811:
8799:, BRILL, 2001,
8792:
8788:
8773:
8751:
8747:
8736:"CASE IN HINDI"
8732:
8728:
8721:
8705:
8701:
8696:
8692:
8674:
8667:
8652:
8638:
8631:
8624:
8600:
8596:
8565:
8561:
8552:
8545:
8537:Frank Beetham,
8536:
8532:
8525:
8499:
8495:
8484:
8483:
8479:
8469:
8443:
8439:
8429:
8398:
8394:
8384:
8363:
8359:
8349:
8327:Leech, Geoffrey
8319:Quirk, Randolph
8316:
8312:
8305:
8291:Börjars, Kersti
8287:Börjars, Kersti
8284:
8280:
8273:
8259:Börjars, Kersti
8255:Hudson, Richard
8252:
8248:
8243:Wayback Machine
8237:on quickia.com
8233:
8229:
8219:
8137:
8133:
8116:
8112:
8105:
8089:
8085:
8076:
8075:
8068:
8055:
8044:
8036:
8032:
8024:
8020:
8011:
8009:
8007:Merriam-Webster
8001:
8000:
7996:
7959:
7952:
7948:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7933:
7924:
7920:
7899:
7895:
7890:
7886:
7878:
7874:
7869:
7865:
7852:
7848:
7844:çeyrek geçiyor.
7840:beş geçiyor. Üç
7831:
7827:
7817:
7813:
7808:
7800:Voice (grammar)
7751:
7719:, has 64 cases.
7651:
7598:patientive case
7545:absolutive case
7527:accusative case
7521:nominative case
7491:
7485:
7480:
7435:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7269:
7208:கண் (Old Tamil)
7195:kaṇ (Old Tamil)
6957:மன்னன் (mannan)
6920:
6915:
6902:
6894:
6886:
6843:
6826:
6818:
6807:
6799:
6758:is the source (
6480:
6421:Дружу с моряком
6337:Там стоит моряк
6315:
6309:
6250:with the house
6237:with (archaic)
6146:onto the house
6038:into the house
5927:with the house
5822:Accusative case
5797:Nominative case
5752:
5577:
5435:coquus ibī stat
5406:
5306:
5043:
5000:
4920:
4863:
4608:
4407:
4302:
3988:
3965:etxeranzkoarena
3907:arazoarengatiko
3891:neskarentzakoan
3496:
3491:
3481:
3473:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3430:
3422:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3369:
3351:
3341:
3330:
3319:
3297:
3286:
3275:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2909:
2891:
2880:
2865:
2852:
2834:
2823:
2808:
2795:
2784:
2773:
2754:
2743:Кот ловит мышей
2741:
2730:
2719:
2690:for nouns, and
2648:
2642:
2582:
2311:
2299:
2251:
2244:
2224:
2140:
2134:
1955:object pronouns
1906:nominative case
1854:
1722:at the bus stop
1529:object pronouns
1498:The clerk gave
1493:
1491:
1485:Indirect object
1460:object pronouns
1424:
1422:
1417:transitive verb
1237:
1091:
1067:
1059:free word order
1000:with (his) foot
755:possessive case
747:subjective case
664:
635:
634:
593:
585:
584:
531:
523:
522:
461:
453:
452:
422:(verbal number)
420:Pluractionality
395:
387:
386:
310:
302:
301:
281:
222:Collective noun
204:Construct state
145:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9874:
9864:
9863:
9846:
9845:
9843:
9842:
9837:
9835:Serbo-Croatian
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9769:
9768:
9763:
9761:Middle English
9753:
9748:
9743:
9737:
9735:
9731:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9723:
9718:
9712:
9710:
9706:
9705:
9703:
9702:
9697:
9696:
9695:
9685:
9680:
9674:
9672:
9671:Cause, purpose
9668:
9667:
9665:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9642:Multiplicative
9639:
9634:
9629:
9626:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9614:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9552:
9551:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9515:
9513:
9509:
9508:
9506:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9478:Superdirective
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9419:
9418:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9367:
9366:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9320:
9318:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9264:
9262:
9253:
9249:
9248:
9246:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9218:
9217:
9210:
9203:
9195:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9153:
9141:
9140:External links
9138:
9137:
9136:
9129:
9128:
9122:
9116:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9089:
9067:
9041:
9015:
9004:. Users.jyu.fi
8993:
8973:
8957:
8944:
8932:
8921:(3): 359–385.
8905:
8892:
8879:10.2307/600654
8873:(2): 272–276.
8854:
8822:
8809:
8786:
8771:
8745:
8726:
8719:
8699:
8690:
8665:
8650:
8629:
8622:
8594:
8559:
8543:
8530:
8523:
8493:
8477:
8467:
8437:
8392:
8382:
8357:
8347:
8310:
8303:
8278:
8271:
8246:
8227:
8131:
8110:
8103:
8083:
8066:
8042:
8030:
8028:, 11th edition
8018:
7994:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7931:
7918:
7893:
7884:
7872:
7863:
7857:on var. On iki
7846:
7825:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7760:Case hierarchy
7757:
7750:
7747:
7735:
7734:
7720:
7709:
7683:
7650:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7639:
7629:
7628:
7601:
7577:Active–stative
7573:
7555:
7531:
7487:Main article:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7434:
7431:
7406:
7405:
7398:
7391:
7384:
7377:
7370:
7363:
7359:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7239:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7114:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7078:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6950:
6945:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6919:
6916:
6895:
6887:
6876:
6875:
6819:
6808:
6800:
6789:
6788:
6786:respectively.
6766:is the locus (
6750:is the agent (
6742:
6741:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6723:
6717:
6712:
6705:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6681:
6674:
6673:
6667:
6662:
6655:
6654:
6648:
6642:
6637:
6630:
6629:
6623:
6617:
6611:
6606:
6599:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6581:
6574:
6573:
6567:
6562:
6555:
6554:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6531:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6479:
6476:
6456:), partitive (
6447:
6446:
6442:Думаю о моряке
6425:
6404:
6383:
6362:
6341:
6311:Main article:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6268:
6261:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6235:
6233:Sociative case
6229:
6228:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6164:
6161:-n/-on/-en/-ön
6157:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6127:
6125:Sublative case
6121:
6120:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6102:from (out of)
6100:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5977:
5965:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5954:for the house
5952:
5945:
5938:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5920:
5908:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5851:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5834:
5827:
5826:direct object
5824:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5723:
5700:
5679:Instrumental (
5677:
5654:
5631:
5608:
5576:
5573:
5545:
5544:
5523:
5502:
5481:
5460:
5439:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5267:
5259:
5251:
5243:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5189:
5181:
5173:
5165:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5142:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5071:
5063:
5055:
5047:
5037:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5004:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4899:
4891:
4883:
4875:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4824:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4520:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4351:adpositionally
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4282:
4261:
4260:
4242:
4221:
4200:
4174:
4173:
4155:
4137:
4119:
4093:
4092:
4070:
4045:
4020:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3968:
3954:
3940:
3930:
3920:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3881:etxearenarekin
3870:
3869:
3866:banatu dituzte
3855:
3845:
3835:
3813:
3791:
3769:
3747:
3722:
3697:
3672:
3647:
3625:
3603:
3578:
3553:
3528:
3495:
3492:
3474:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3423:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3331:
3320:
3298:
3287:
3276:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2892:
2881:
2870:
2869:
2835:
2824:
2813:
2812:
2785:
2774:
2756:
2755:
2731:
2720:
2701:
2700:
2644:Main article:
2641:
2638:
2634:double-marking
2588:as well as in
2581:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2283:
2263:Ars grammatica
2253:
2252:
2245:
2223:
2220:
2203:Central German
2199:
2198:
2138:Case hierarchy
2136:Main article:
2133:
2130:
2053:form (such as
2041:form (such as
2027:form (such as
2015:
2014:
1979:
1944:
1886:Saxon genitive
1884:, and by the "
1853:
1852:Modern English
1850:
1835:
1834:
1807:
1804:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1739:
1736:
1709:
1707:in the future
1700:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1681:, how are you!
1660:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:Interrogative
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:construction.
1616:
1613:
1601:turned yellow.
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1525:
1522:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1456:
1455:Whom or what?
1453:
1426:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1385:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:Interrogative
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1236:
1233:
1090:
1087:
1066:
1063:
1039:thematic roles
921:Serbo-Croatian
793:("John kicked
751:objective case
666:
665:
663:
662:
655:
648:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Empty category
612:
607:
606:
605:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
577:
572:
571:
570:
560:
559:
558:
553:
543:
538:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
490:
485:
480:
479:
478:
473:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
449:
448:
446:Reflexive verb
443:
433:
428:
423:
417:
412:
407:
402:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
379:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
289:
288:
287:
282:
280:
279:
274:
269:
265:
258:
253:
252:
251:
246:
236:
231:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
206:
201:
200:
199:
189:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
170:Quirky subject
167:
162:
152:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9873:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9751:Archaic Dutch
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9732:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9707:
9701:
9698:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9673:
9669:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9609:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9585:State, manner
9583:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9510:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9438:Postdirective
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9365:
9362:
9361:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9349:Approximative
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9319:
9315:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9257:
9254:
9250:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9233:List of cases
9231:
9230:
9227:
9223:
9216:
9211:
9209:
9204:
9202:
9197:
9196:
9193:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9147:
9144:
9143:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9127:
9123:
9119:
9117:9781139467346
9113:
9109:
9108:
9103:
9099:
9098:
9078:. Ithkuil.net
9077:
9071:
9055:
9051:
9045:
9029:
9025:
9019:
9003:
8997:
8990:
8986:
8983:
8977:
8971:
8967:
8961:
8954:
8948:
8941:
8936:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8916:
8909:
8902:
8896:
8888:
8884:
8880:
8876:
8872:
8868:
8861:
8859:
8839:
8832:
8826:
8820:
8819:
8813:
8806:
8805:90-04-11882-9
8802:
8798:
8797:
8790:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8756:
8749:
8741:
8737:
8730:
8722:
8720:9789027290182
8716:
8712:
8711:
8703:
8694:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8672:
8670:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8647:
8643:
8636:
8634:
8625:
8619:
8615:
8611:
8607:
8606:
8598:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8563:
8556:
8550:
8548:
8540:
8534:
8526:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8504:
8497:
8489:
8488:
8481:
8474:
8470:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8452:
8448:
8445:Payne, John;
8441:
8434:
8432:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8406:
8405:
8396:
8389:
8385:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8367:
8361:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8340:
8335:
8334:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8314:
8306:
8304:9789027273000
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8282:
8274:
8272:9789027273000
8268:
8264:
8260:
8256:
8250:
8244:
8240:
8236:
8231:
8223:
8215:
8211:
8210:
8204:
8193:, restricted
8192:
8187:
8169:
8163:
8153:
8143:
8142:
8135:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8114:
8106:
8104:9780521143264
8100:
8096:
8095:
8087:
8079:
8073:
8071:
8063:
8059:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8040:, p. 91.
8039:
8038:Clackson 2007
8034:
8027:
8022:
8008:
8004:
7998:
7990:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7973:: 12, 13–24.
7972:
7968:
7964:
7957:
7955:
7950:
7935:
7928:
7922:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7897:
7888:
7881:
7876:
7867:
7860:
7856:
7850:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7821:
7815:
7811:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7732:
7728:
7725:
7721:
7718:
7714:
7713:Tsez language
7710:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7652:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7626:
7625:genitive case
7622:
7618:
7615:
7611:
7607:
7606:
7602:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7590:agentive case
7587:
7583:
7579:
7578:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7551:ergative case
7547:
7546:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7522:
7517:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7490:
7475:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7456:
7455:Postpositions
7451:
7449:
7448:vocative case
7445:
7441:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7419:
7417:
7413:
7403:
7399:
7396:
7392:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7331:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7307:
7302:
7300:Where? Whom?
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7273:İsmin Hâlleri
7257:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7033:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6893:
6890:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6803:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6728:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6697:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6647:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6622:
6619:वृक्षाभ्याम्
6616:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6547:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6438:
6437:prepositional
6432:
6426:
6417:
6411:
6405:
6396:
6390:
6384:
6375:
6369:
6363:
6354:
6348:
6342:
6333:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6299:
6296:
6295:kettőféle ház
6292:
6289:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6256:Locative case
6254:
6253:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6206:Temporal case
6204:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6179:Delative case
6177:
6176:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6071:Ablative case
6069:
6068:
6065:at the house
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:Adessive case
6042:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6017:Illative case
6015:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5984:into a house
5983:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5876:Genitive case
5874:
5873:
5870:to the house
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5765:
5758:
5756:
5743:
5737:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5729:šauksmininkas
5724:
5720:
5714:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5678:
5674:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5579:Typically in
5572:
5570:
5565:
5563:
5558:
5557:
5550:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5292:
5290:
5284:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5244:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5196:
5188:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5027:
5019:
5011:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4937:Interrogative
4933:
4928:
4927:Demonstrative
4923:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4793:
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4116:Die Frau isst
4113:
4109:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3951:etxeetarakoaz
3948:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3887:neskarentzako
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3465:purlkana-ngka
3461:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3400:
3399:i-na-m-boo-na
3395:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3274:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:Subordinator
2997:Derivational
2993:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:Subordinating
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:Indo-European
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2308:bellum, bellī
2298:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2268:ablative case
2265:
2264:
2259:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:Luxembourgish
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:prepositional
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:genitive case
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:in the future
1726:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:to a steeple.
1563:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:the (object)
1420:
1418:
1414:
1413:Direct object
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:Who or what?
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:Ancient Greek
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1144:, from Latin
1143:
1142:
1136:
1126:of the Greek
1125:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1016:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
806:locative case
803:
802:Ancient Greek
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:nominal group
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
661:
656:
654:
649:
647:
642:
641:
639:
638:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
620:Incorporation
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
595:
589:
588:
581:
578:
576:
573:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
464:
463:
457:
456:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
391:
390:
383:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:Evidentiality
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
306:
305:
298:
295:
293:
290:
286:
283:
278:
275:
273:
270:
267:
266:
264:
263:
262:
259:
257:
254:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
208:Countability
207:
205:
202:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
141:
140:
137:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:November 2020
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
9544:Instrumental
9483:Superelative
9458:Subdirective
9416:-qualitative
9359:Distributive
9288:Intransitive
9221:
9106:
9082:15 September
9080:. Retrieved
9070:
9060:15 September
9058:. Retrieved
9054:the original
9044:
9034:15 September
9032:. Retrieved
9028:the original
9018:
9008:15 September
9006:. Retrieved
8996:
8976:
8965:
8960:
8952:
8947:
8935:
8918:
8914:
8908:
8900:
8895:
8870:
8866:
8845:. Retrieved
8825:
8816:
8812:
8794:
8789:
8754:
8748:
8739:
8729:
8709:
8702:
8693:
8677:
8641:
8604:
8597:
8572:
8568:
8562:
8554:
8538:
8533:
8506:
8496:
8486:
8480:
8472:
8458:
8440:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8413:
8403:
8395:
8387:
8369:
8360:
8352:
8332:
8313:
8294:
8281:
8262:
8249:
8230:
8207:
8134:
8123:
8113:
8093:
8086:
8057:
8033:
8025:
8021:
8010:. Retrieved
8006:
7997:
7970:
7966:
7934:
7926:
7921:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7896:
7887:
7879:
7875:
7866:
7858:
7854:
7849:
7841:
7837:
7833:
7828:
7814:
7785:Phi features
7736:
7674:has 14 (see
7642:Adpositional
7635:
7630:
7610:trigger case
7603:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7575:
7567:
7563:
7557:
7549:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7525:
7519:
7515:
7509:
7505:into cases:
7494:
7492:
7472:
7460:assimilation
7452:
7444:oblique case
7436:
7426:
7422:
7420:
7415:
7411:
7409:
7401:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7373:
7366:
7354:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7319:
7272:
7270:
7179:Seventh case
6999:Instrumental
6921:
6913:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6891:
6888:
6881:
6880:
6878:devadatt-ena
6877:
6870:
6866:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6836:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6804:
6801:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6745:
6737:
6726:
6720:
6709:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6678:
6670:
6659:
6651:
6645:
6634:
6626:
6620:
6614:
6609:Instrumental
6603:
6595:
6589:
6578:
6570:
6559:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6528:
6495:
6481:
6448:
6430:
6429:о/на/в моряк
6416:instrumental
6409:
6388:
6367:
6346:
6316:
6270:
6245:
6240:
6098:Elative case
5979:
5922:
5761:
5753:
5726:
5703:
5680:
5657:
5656:Accusative (
5634:
5611:
5588:
5587:Nominative (
5578:
5566:
5555:
5546:
5528:
5507:
5486:
5465:
5444:
5423:
5407:
5393:
5392:
5385:
5382:
5371:
5363:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5308:(emphasised)
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5218:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5170:
5162:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5076:
5068:
5060:
5052:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5002:(colloquial)
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4904:
4896:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4865:(emphasised)
4853:
4845:
4837:
4829:
4821:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4592:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4538:
4530:
4516:
4515:
4501:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4368:instrumental
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4348:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4303:
4289:Hauptbahnhof
4286:
4284:
4273:
4271:
4262:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4175:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4075:
4054:
4050:
4029:
4025:
4016:
4005:
3989:
3978:
3975:etxerainokoa
3974:
3970:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:etxeetarakoa
3946:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3927:etxeetakoari
3926:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3861:
3858:distributive
3851:
3841:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:or inesive (
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3675:instrumental
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3502:
3497:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3476:nyinarra-nyi
3475:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3374:
3372:Boordiji-nim
3371:
3366:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3335:
3332:
3324:
3321:
3302:
3299:
3291:
3288:
3280:
3277:
3266:
3263:
3254:
3212:Proprietive
3193:Originative
3006:Referential
2984:
2979:Derivational
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2947:r-expression
2933:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2899:
2888:
2877:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2842:
2831:
2820:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2781:
2763:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2727:
2708:
2691:
2687:
2665:
2649:
2612:and various
2583:
2410:
2272:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2239:
2227:
2225:
2200:
2194:
2191:instrumental
2187:
2177:
2159:
2149:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1949:oblique case
1947:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1894:
1889:
1882:prepositions
1864:in favor of
1855:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1770:with a mop,
1763:Instrumental
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1623:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1561:
1559:
1541:oblique case
1536:
1532:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1472:oblique case
1467:
1463:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:John waited
1436:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1388:
1387:
1343:
1335:Modern Greek
1318:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1204:
1185:in Spanish,
1179:in Italian,
1167:, including
1164:
1162:
1151:
1139:
1134:
1113:
1094:
1092:
1068:
1048:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1014:
999:
977:
971:has 18; and
951:have eight;
927:have seven;
865:Modern Greek
855:have three;
814:
799:
794:
786:
782:
778:
774:
766:
762:
758:
732:
727:
719:
711:
707:
671:
669:
580:Veridicality
471:Transitivity
415:Egophoricity
229:Definiteness
197:Measure word
185:Instrumental
165:Dative shift
154:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Case endings
9766:Old English
9734:Declensions
9683:Benefactive
9662:Translative
9647:Orientative
9632:Instructive
9597:Comparative
9549:-comitative
9503:Terminative
9493:Superlative
9488:Superessive
9443:Postelative
9050:"Chapter 4"
8847:20 November
8575:(1): 1–47.
8509:: 139–168.
7836:: Saat yedi
7795:Verbal case
7656:Finno-Ugric
7580:(or simply
7538:(or simply
7514:(or simply
7290:What? Who?
7285:What? Who?
7225:Eighth case
7041:Fourth case
6964:Second case
6863:declensions
6772:declensions
6708:Adhikaraṇa
6700:वृक्षाणाम्
6652:vṛkṣebhyaḥ
6650:वृक्षेभ्यः
6635:सम्प्रदान
6633:Sampradāna
6621:vṛkṣābhyām
6558:Sambodhana
6400:Вижу моряка
6241:-stul/-stül
5880:possession
5849:Dative case
5706:vietininkas
5683:įnagininkas
5637:naudininkas
5614:kilmininkas
5604:Tai yra šuo
5591:vardininkas
5498:coquum vīdī
4388:terminative
4317:nominative,
4291:(secondary
3971:etxerainoko
3961:etxeranzkoa
3943:etxeetarako
3923:etxeetakoaz
3336:corroboree.
3322:yunbarn-ana
3003:Relational
2967:Referential
2356:Accusative
2334:Nominative
2296:aqua, aquae
2051:independent
1933:finite verb
1846:Old English
1608:out of wood
1599:of the book
1502:a discount.
1380:finite verb
1307:Old Persian
1295:Old English
1247:, the word
1173:in French,
996:preposition
949:Greenlandic
871:have four;
712:they see me
706:, one says
688:participles
680:determiners
516:Predicative
436:Reciprocity
405:Boundedness
325:Conjugation
292:Specificity
9825:Lithuanian
9657:Semblative
9566:Possessive
9529:Comitative
9463:Subelative
9448:Postessive
9433:Pertingent
9406:Limitative
9344:Apudessive
9293:Nominative
9273:Accusative
9268:Absolutive
9238:Declension
8224:required.)
8012:2021-02-22
7946:References
7853:Saat dokuz
7775:Inflection
7765:Declension
7636:Positional
7564:tripartite
7516:accusative
7288:Accusative
7283:Nominative
7139:Sixth case
7090:Fifth case
6995:Third case
6968:Accusative
6948:Nominative
6944:First case
6816:the ground
6768:adhikaraṇa
6677:Sambandha
6584:Accusative
6534:Nominative
6395:accusative
6332:nominative
5725:Vocative (
5702:Locative (
5660:galininkas
5610:Genitive (
5581:Lithuanian
5575:Lithuanian
5562:Mediolanum
5493:accusative
5430:nominative
5155:Accusative
5045:(literary)
5041:Nominative
5034:kaun, kyā
4998:Nominative
4760:Accusative
4666:Nominative
4620:2nd Person
4615:1st Person
4523:Nominative
4455:Nominative
4392:semblative
4390:तक (tak),
4382:में (mẽ),
4364:accusative
4338:, and two
4328:nominative
4313:Hindustani
4300:Hindi-Urdu
4285:der Berlin
4253:accusative
4191:nominative
4166:accusative
4112:nominative
4083:accusative
4013:nominative
3957:etxeranzko
3901:neskekikoa
3749:adlative (
3514:etxe, etxe
3510:absolutive
3289:gujarra-lu
3174:Comitative
3110:Purposive
3000:Adnominal
2955:Relational
2646:Declension
2606:Indo-Aryan
2554:gler(j)um
2275:syncretism
2222:Case order
2205:, such as
2157:accusative
2153:absolutive
2147:nominative
2038:determiner
1937:complement
1878:word order
1782:with a mop
1775:with John
1702:in Japan,
1683:(archaic)
1656:Addressee
1634:Indicates
1620:possessive
1597:The pages
1517:to the law
1515:According
1487:of a verb
1408:Accusative
1371:Nominative
1353:Indicates
1301:, such as
1266:Balakhne (
1249:Balakhna (
1213:and Czech
1141:declension
984:accusative
980:nominative
955:had nine;
953:Old Nubian
913:Lithuanian
810:syncretism
724:accusative
716:nominative
708:I see them
684:adjectives
630:Markedness
625:Inflection
610:Declension
541:Mirativity
350:Mirativity
256:Noun class
244:Possession
212:Count noun
192:Classifier
180:Comitative
175:Nominative
80:newspapers
9805:Hungarian
9652:Revertive
9592:Adverbial
9576:Sociative
9571:Privative
9561:Possessed
9473:Sublative
9468:Subessive
9453:Prolative
9428:Perlative
9396:Intrative
9386:Inelative
9371:Egressive
9364:-temporal
9339:Antessive
9303:Partitive
8807:, p. 281.
8781:115765466
8660:848086054
8589:0726-8602
8152:Aristotle
7680:Hungarian
7433:Evolution
7315:Singular
7295:To whom?
7018:ஆல், உடன்
6900:is cooked
6884:Devadatta
6847:Devadatta
6725:वृक्षेषु
6702:vṛkṣāṇām
6696:vṛkṣayoḥ
6694:वृक्षयोः
6690:vṛkṣasya
6688:वृक्षस्य
6679:सम्बन्ध
6669:वृक्षात्
6594:वृक्षान्
6516:Singular
6280:Types of
6265:-ban/-ben
6188:-ról/-röl
6107:-ból/-ből
6080:-tól/-től
6053:-nál/-nél
5912:-val/-vel
5858:-nak/-nek
5768:– house,
5755:Hungarian
5750:Hungarian
5145:किन्होंने
5129:जिन्होंने
5031:कौन, क्या
4570:lar̥kiyõ
4531:lar̥kiyã
4414:Masculine
4394:सा (sā).
4386:पे (pe),
4378:का (kā),
4374:से (se),
4366:को (ko),
4358:ने (ne),
4277:(primary
3937:etxetikoa
3917:zurezkoaz
3897:neskekiko
3877:etxearena
3848:partitive
3838:prolative
3650:sociative
3635:arengatik
3479:sitting-?
3444:Wangkatja
3360:Wangkatja
3264:yalu-nggu
3256:Wanyjirra
3233:Privative
2987:Wanyjirra
2961:Adnominal
2684:adjective
2614:Amazonian
2602:Dravidian
2594:Mongolian
2573:gler(j)a
2427:masculine
2413:Icelandic
2398:Ablative
2379:bellōrum
2367:Genitive
2351:Vocative
2326:Singular
2320:Singular
2207:Colognian
2033:ourselves
2025:intensive
2020:reflexive
1827:by use of
1799:with John
1585:of (the)
1327:Icelandic
1147:declinere
1089:Etymology
969:Hungarian
941:Malayalam
929:Mongolian
925:Ukrainian
889:Slovenian
885:Kajkavian
861:Icelandic
849:Classical
726:pronouns
718:pronouns
598:Agreement
592:Phenomena
530:Semantics
496:Predicate
483:Branching
320:Clusivity
217:Mass noun
9855:Category
9778:Georgian
9721:Vocative
9678:Aversive
9624:Exessive
9602:Equative
9556:Ornative
9539:Genitive
9524:Caritive
9519:Abessive
9498:Temporal
9411:Locative
9391:Inessive
9381:Illative
9354:Delative
9334:Allative
9329:Adessive
9324:Ablative
9308:Pegative
9283:Ergative
9104:(2007).
8985:Archived
8838:Archived
8457:(eds.).
8368:(1996).
8239:Archived
7989:43646836
7880:ben, sen
7749:See also
7743:unmarked
7702:Japanese
7694:Tungusic
7690:Mongolic
7672:Estonian
7540:ergative
7503:patients
7446:, and a
7418:to us).
7308:Genitive
7303:Ablative
7298:Locative
7229:Vocative
7183:Locative
7143:Genitive
7094:Ablative
7067:பொருட்டு
6936:Suffixes
6892:the rice
6797:the tree
6727:vṛkṣeṣu
6715:Locative
6710:अधिकरण
6684:Genitive
6665:Ablative
6660:अपादान
6658:Apādāna
6646:vṛkṣāya
6644:वृक्षाय
6615:vṛkṣeṇa
6613:वृक्षेण
6588:वृक्षम्
6565:Vocative
6560:सम्बोधन
6484:Sanskrit
6478:Sanskrit
6353:genitive
6246:házastul
6222:kettőkor
5801:subject
5788:Example
5782:Meaning
5633:Dative (
5554:Mediolān
5549:locative
5535:vocative
5514:ablative
5451:genitive
5356:jin bhī
5353:(जिन भी)
5348:jis bhī
5345:(जिस भी)
5148:kinhõne
5132:jinhõne
5113:उन्होंने
5097:इन्होंने
5084:Ergative
4986:Singular
4976:Singular
4964:Singular
4954:Singular
4944:Proximal
4932:Relative
4713:Ergative
4654:Familiar
4649:Intimate
4637:Singular
4627:Singular
4585:Vocative
4567:लड़कियों
4528:लड़कियाँ
4509:Vocative
4449:Singular
4419:Feminine
4384:adessive
4380:inessive
4376:genitive
4372:ablative
4356:ergative
4332:ergative
4324:vocative
4293:genitive
4279:genitive
4265:genitive
4214:genitive
4130:genitive
4036:genitive
3933:etxetiko
3809:otaraino
3805:etaraino
3787:otarantz
3783:etarantz
3725:ablative
3700:locative
3631:rengatik
3613:arentzat
3581:genitive
3531:ergative
3383:niiwandi
3300:ngu=wula
3278:mawun-du
3130:Ablative
3090:Allative
3068:Locative
3023:Ergative
2925:Examples
2441:singular
2430:feminine
2373:aquārum
2185:ablative
2175:locative
2167:genitive
2163:ergative
2102:pronouns
2095:whosever
2091:whomever
2007:our/ours
2003:her/hers
1993:such as
1958:such as
1915:such as
1866:analytic
1772:by hand
1714:in Japan
1712:We live
1695:Locative
1652:Vocative
1576:Genitive
1556:from us
1549:Ablative
1315:Sanskrit
1245:Balakhna
1071:Anacreon
1041:such as
1015:tôi podí
992:genitive
967:has 15;
963:has 14;
961:Estonian
959:has 13;
945:Assamese
905:Georgian
897:Armenian
873:Romanian
837:suffixes
817:Sanskrit
739:genitive
692:numerals
575:Volition
536:Contrast
466:Argument
431:Polarity
345:Telicity
335:Modality
268:Singular
9830:Russian
9820:Latvian
9773:Finnish
9756:English
9612:-formal
9376:Elative
9298:Oblique
8186:δίκαιος
8174:δικαίως
8064:: 2001.
7727:Ithkuil
7660:Finnish
7621:Tagalog
7605:Trigger
7594:patient
7427:to read
7395:klerden
7362:Plural
7267:Turkish
7119:இருந்து
7106:ilrundu
7054:poruttu
6897:pacyate
6889:odan-am
6849:is the
6810:bhūm-au
6802:parṇ-am
6791:vṛkṣ-āt
6760:apādāna
6719:वृक्षे
6671:vṛkṣāt
6602:Karaṇa
6596:vṛkṣān
6590:vṛkṣam
6546:vṛkṣau
6544:वृक्षौ
6540:vṛkṣaḥ
6538:वृक्षः
6529:कर्तृ
6522:Plural
6319:Russian
6307:Russian
6134:-ra/-re
6026:-ba/-be
5969:-vá/-vé
5785:Suffix
5372:kinhī̃
5369:किन्हीं
5304:Oblique
5233:Oblique
5216:किन्हें
5200:जिन्हें
5116:unhõne
5100:inhõne
4918:Pronoun
4902:(आप ही)
4897:tumhī̃
4894:तुम्हीं
4861:Oblique
4814:Oblique
4789:तुम्हें
4721:ma͠ine
4606:Pronoun
4554:lar̥kõ
4546:Oblique
4502:lar̥ke
4494:Oblique
4479:lar̥kī
4463:lar̥kā
4340:oblique
4320:oblique
4267:nouns:
4078:Seemann
4053:Seemann
4028:Seemann
4008:Seemann
3797:taraino
3775:tarantz
3643:ongatik
3639:engatik
3609:rentzat
3150:Elative
3017:T-SUB*
3014:C-SUB*
2900:pillar-
2897:stolb-∅
2886:lomáyet
2832:strokes
2790:krýshu.
2779:dérzhit
2764:pillar-
2761:Stolb-∅
2736:myshéy.
2728:catches
2598:Quechua
2436:neuter
2393:bellīs
2384:Dative
2329:Plural
2323:Plural
2122:chairs'
2118:chair's
2087:whoever
1995:my/mine
1858:English
1856:Modern
1831:through
1790:by hand
1670:Hello,
1562:from us
1448:the law
1423:for us,
1376:Subject
1269:Russian
1252:Russian
1222:naamval
1205:padyézh
1065:History
1050:patient
1009:τῷ ποδί
965:Finnish
933:Marathi
909:Latvian
893:Turkish
877:Bengali
841:Persian
833:Russian
821:Kannada
771:subject
728:me/them
704:English
556:Patient
511:Adjunct
501:Subject
476:Valency
150:Animacy
94:scholar
9840:Slovak
9795:Gothic
9783:German
9693:-final
9688:Causal
9628:Formal
9617:-modal
9607:Essive
9534:Dative
9423:Medial
9401:Lative
9278:Direct
9114:
8887:600654
8885:
8803:
8779:
8769:
8717:
8658:
8648:
8620:
8587:
8521:
8465:
8380:
8345:
8301:
8269:
8203:"case"
8196:πτῶσις
8191:Stoics
8180:πτῶσις
8177:was a
8156:πτῶσις
8147:πτῶσις
8120:"case"
8101:
7987:
7731:Ilaksh
7706:Altaic
7698:Korean
7692:, and
7686:Turkic
7678:) and
7582:active
7499:agents
7468:fusion
7402:klerin
7388:klerde
7293:Dative
7152:udaiya
7051:(u)kku
7045:Dative
7021:கொண்டு
6859:karman
6857:, the
6821:patati
6805:a leaf
6782:, and
6764:ground
6740:Vedic
6721:vṛkṣe
6640:Dative
6579:कर्म
6577:Karma
6571:vṛkṣa
6569:वृक्ष
6527:Kartṛ
6496:kāraka
6488:Pāṇini
6374:dative
6327:моря́к
6271:házban
6195:házról
6114:házból
6087:háztól
6060:háznál
5974:Assim.
5949:házért
5923:házzal
5917:Assim.
5865:háznak
5774:– two
5713:šunyje
5690:šunimi
5644:šuniui
5472:dative
5340:unhī̃
5337:उन्हीं
5324:inhī̃
5321:इन्हीं
5226:Dative
5219:kinhẽ
5203:jinhẽ
5184:उन्हें
5168:इन्हें
5140:kisne
5124:jisne
4991:Plural
4981:Plural
4969:Plural
4959:Plural
4949:Distal
4905:āp hī
4889:tujhī
4881:hamī̃
4873:mujhī
4807:Dative
4797:(आपको)
4792:tumhẽ
4784:tujhe
4768:mujhe
4745:tumne
4729:hamne
4659:Formal
4632:Plural
4593:mātāo
4578:mātāõ
4575:माताओं
4562:per̥õ
4559:पेड़ों
4551:लड़कों
4539:mātaẽ
4536:माताएँ
4517:Plural
4441:mother
4360:dative
4322:, and
4235:dative
4189:Buch (
4148:dative
4061:dative
3992:German
3986:German
3829:, etxe
3825:, etxe
3821:, etxe
3807:, etxe
3803:, etxe
3799:, etxe
3785:, etxe
3781:, etxe
3777:, etxe
3763:, etxe
3759:, etxe
3755:, etxe
3743:otatik
3741:, etxe
3739:etatik
3737:, exte
3733:, etxe
3716:, etxe
3712:, etxe
3708:, etxe
3691:, etxe
3687:, etxe
3683:, etxe
3666:, etxe
3662:, etxe
3660:arekin
3658:, etxe
3641:, etxe
3637:, etxe
3633:, etxe
3621:ontzat
3619:, etxe
3617:entzat
3615:, etxe
3611:, etxe
3597:, etxe
3593:, etxe
3589:, etxe
3572:, etxe
3568:, etxe
3564:, etxe
3556:dative
3547:, etxe
3543:, etxe
3539:, etxe
3522:, etxe
3518:, etxe
3499:Basque
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2302:f.
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