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Two years later, she married musician Al Kaye and they had one son together. However, Al Kaye, 22 years her senior, had a drinking problem and they would divorce soon after. Kaye's second husband did not approve of her job's late hours, and he did not like it when she was playing with musicians. They
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Despite being admired as one of the studio greats, Kaye never expected to be well-remembered. At the time of the sessions, most of the players thought pop music would not last longer than ten years, and she is surprised that people still listen to tracks on which she played. Although the Amazon hit
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By 1969, Kaye was exhausted and had become disillusioned from doing session work, saying that the music had "started to sound like cardboard". At the same time, many newer rock bands disapproved of using session players, preferring to play the instruments themselves. She decided to make a change so
381:
Kaye was the sole regular female member of the
Wrecking Crew (though she has said the collective were never known by this name, which was later invented by Hal Blaine), a collective of studio musicians who played on a large number of hit records from Los Angeles in the 1960s. Throughout the decade,
571:
In 1994, Kaye underwent corrective surgery to fix injuries stemming from the accident, and resumed playing and recording. She collaborated with Fender to produce a lighter version of the
Precision Bass that reduced strain on her back and made it more comfortable to play. In 1997, she collaborated
352:
in
Hollywood, she was asked to fill in on the instrument. She quickly discovered she preferred playing bass, and found it was a key component of a backing track and allowed her to play more inventively than the relatively simpler guitar parts she had been playing until then. From a pragmatic
185:. After a bassist failed to turn up to a session in 1963, she switched to that instrument, quickly making a name for herself as one of the most in-demand session players of the 1960s, playing on numerous hits. She moved into playing on film soundtracks in the late 1960s, particularly for
657:
Kaye preferred to play melodic and syncopated lines on the bass, rather than simply covering a straightforward part. In the studio, she particularly liked to use the upper register on her bass, while a stand-up
301:". She realized she could make significantly more money with session work than playing in jazz clubs, so took it up as a full-time career. In 1958, she played acoustic rhythm guitar on
598:
along with a cast of other studio musicians. In one interview segment, she said that she believed at the peak of her session activity she was making more money than the US president.
745:, Kaye described the character as "having nothing to do with me or my history. They took a few things out of my book and created a character that's not even me at all." In 2020,
480:, Wilson was asking musicians such as Kaye to play far more takes than typical sessions, often running over ten passes of a song, with sessions stretching well into the night.
378:
At the time, it was unusual for women to be experienced session players; nevertheless Kaye remembered sessions being generally good-humoured and united by the music.
727:" sessions was a key part of the arrangement he wanted. "Carol played bass with a pick that clicked real good. It worked out really well. It gave it a hard sound."
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234:. She later said her father was violent towards her, and she persuaded her mother to separate from him, but music was the one thing that could unite the family.
778:
had one daughter together. Kaye divorced him, got a live-in nanny, and went back to working again. Kaye's third husband was jazz drummer and session musician
676:
magazine, said that Kaye could listen to other musicians and instantly work out a memorable bass line that would fit with the song, such as her additions to
441:". Kaye later said that during the 1960s, she would sometimes play three or four sessions per day, and was pleased that so many of them created hit records.
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that "... women like... Fender bass player Carol Kaye... could do anything and leave men in the dust." Brian Wilson has said that Kaye's playing on the "
476:. Unlike other sessions, where she was free to work out her own bass lines, Wilson always came in with a very specific idea of what she should play. By
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for improvising bass lines. In 1976, she was involved in a car accident, and semi-retired from music. She continued to play sporadically, appearing on
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493:, the first in a series of tutoring books and instructional video courses. Her soundtrack sessions from this time included playing on the themes to
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viewpoint, it was easier to carry a single bass to sessions instead of swapping between three or four guitars depending on the song. After bassist
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345:, her work with Spector attracted the attention of other record producers and she found herself in demand as a regular session player.
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her career evolved from playing primarily pop music to performing mostly soundtrack work, as well as writing and teaching. She wrote
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197:. Kaye became less active towards the end of the 1970s, but has continued her career and attracted praise from other musicians.
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Kaye began playing guitar in her early teens and after some time as a guitar teacher, began to perform regularly on the
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magazine, has called Kaye the "First Lady" of bass playing, adding "her style and influence are in your musical DNA."
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During the peak of her years of session work, Kaye became part of a stable of Los
Angeles–based musicians known as
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382:
while at the time unknown to the public, Kaye played bass on a substantial number of records that appeared on the
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who eventually set her up with gigs playing bebop in L.A. nightclubs. At age 16, Kaye gave birth to their child.
770:
At age 13, Kaye took guitar lessons from Horace
Hatchett (1909–1985), an esteemed instructor and graduate of the
314:
670:
Kaye has achieved critical acclaim as one of the best session bassists of all time. Michael
Molenda, writing in
2364:
741:
paid homage to Kaye and her career with the character of Carole Keen, introduced in season three and played by
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left studio work to become a musical director, Kaye became the most in-demand session bassist in Los
Angeles.
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205:
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played double bass. She also came up with the introduction on fellow session player Glen
Campbell's hit "
313:, Hollywood. Through Gold Star, she began to work with producer Phil Spector, playing electric guitar on
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1524:"The Bassist in Marvelous Mrs. Maisel Is Inspired By the Revolutionary Real-Life Musician Carol Kaye"
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in rock and pop music, playing on an estimated 10,000 recordings in a career spanning over 65 years.
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642:, on both guitar and bass, rather than plucking the strings with her fingers. She also typically
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Kaye continued to play guitar on numerous other hit songs in the 1960s and 1970s, including the
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Kaye is the most recorded bassist of all time, with 10,000 sessions spanning four decades.
8:
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158:; born March 24, 1935) is an American musician. She is one of the most prolific recorded
56:
715:", was a key part to the song's "Wall of Sound" production. The recording is now in the
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751:
magazine ranked Kaye number five in its list of the 50 greatest bassists of all time.
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and undertones. Later she said, "for 25 cents, you could get the best sound in town".
630:
and preferred to use guitar amplifiers in the studio when playing bass, including the
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1798:, Kaye talks about her Motown experiences with Tony Keys on Central FM Radio in Spain
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511:. Kaye had already performed on a number of soundtracks and had worked closely with
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782:. They cofounded a jazz/funk group Spiders Webb, which went on to record the album
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in the early 1960s. She has been married three times and has two living children.
1989:
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with several groups on the Los
Angeles club circuit, including Bob Neal's group,
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Carol Kaye about her famous guitar licks for Sam Cooke, Beach Boys and more
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1497:"'Gilmore Girls' actress is unrecognizable in 'The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel'"
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has said that Kaye "is a sweetheart as well as a kick-ass bass player".
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2014:
1957:
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The
Wrecking Crew: The Inside Story of Rock and Roll's Best-Kept Secret
611:
559:
466:
393:, she played on 10,000 recording sessions. She appeared on sessions by
374:
338:
223:
222:, to professional musicians Clyde and Dot Smith. Her father was a jazz
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70:
1140:"Famous on the Web: This Working Mom Played Bass for the Best of Them"
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1999:
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on top of the strings in front of the bridge, thus reducing unwanted
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1551:"Bass legend Carol Kaye blasts 'Mrs. Maisel' homage as 'slander'"
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from her mother. She began playing sessions in jazz clubs around
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Signed, Sealed, and Delivered: True Life Stories of Women in Pop
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Through her work with Spector, Kaye caught the attention of
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In 1963, when a bass player failed to show for a session at
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bass on occasion. During the 1970s, she sometimes used the
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with Brian Wilson again, playing on his daughters' album,
193:, and began to release a series of tutoring books such as
452:, who used her on several sessions, including the albums
230:. In 1942, he sold a piano in order to finance a move to
1073:
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959:
337:". Along with several other musicians including drummer
1681:"Ep. 51: Carol Kaye- The Comprehensive Interview Pt. 1"
546:, and continued to do sessions. In 1973, she played on
483:
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In 1957, Kaye was playing a gig at the Beverly Cavern,
137:
1214:
965:"Berklee Welcomes Legendary Studio Bassist Carol Kaye"
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1029:
1017:
554:", which was cut live, and was told off by producer
1196:"Carol Kaye: my 10 greatest recordings of all time"
1741:
1432:
711:Kaye's solo bass line in Spector's production of "
2316:
606:Kaye's main instrument during the 1960s was the
1466:"The Making Of… The Beach Boys Good Vibrations"
272:in the mid-1950s, and toured the US with them.
2385:Converts to Judaism from Baptist denominations
1762:
1548:
1340:
719:. Quincy Jones said in his 2001 autobiography
618:Bass, and in the 21st century she has used an
1833:
1190:
1188:
1186:
622:SRX700 bass. She uses Thomastik-Infeld JF344
1933:
1167:Stars of David: Rock'n'roll's Jewish Stories
1051:Interviews with the Jazz Greats... and More!
638:Pan-O-Flex. Kaye primarily uses a pick, or
588:alongside fellow session stalwart, drummer
1840:
1826:
1406:"6 Famous Musicians You've Never Heard Of"
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1796:Carol Kaye on Central FM, Spain (snippet)
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368:songs. She also played twelve-string on
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1685:Journey to the Stage with Bryan Frazier
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1549:Bailey-Millado, Rob (January 2, 2020).
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293:invited her to a recording session for
204:. She appeared in the 2008 documentary
169:jazz and big band circuit. She started
2400:21st-century American women guitarists
2395:20th-century American women guitarists
2317:
1792:, including pictures and online forums
1763:Steward, Sue; Garratt, Sheryl (1984).
1662:"Fakeshow Podcast – Ep 511 Carol Kaye"
1641:
1578:"The 50 Greatest Bassists of All Time"
1352:
1238:
933:
873:"The Beach Girl Behind the Beach Boys"
841:
601:
2370:20th-century American bass guitarists
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1821:
1642:Hopper, Jessica (February 18, 2010).
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695:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
173:in 1957, and through a connection at
2051:
1576:Bernstein, Jonathan (July 1, 2020).
1435:Q: the autobiography of Quincy Jones
1379:Richter, Alison (December 7, 2015).
1054:. Mel Bay Publications. p. 34.
1048:Chapman, Charles (October 7, 2010).
911:
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662:would be used to cover the low end.
592:. She was featured in the 2008 film
538:In the early 1970s, she toured with
484:Soundtracks, tutoring and later work
2380:People from Wilmington, Los Angeles
1678:
1522:Kranc, Lauren (December 12, 2019).
16:American bass guitarist (born 1935)
13:
2375:Guitarists from Washington (state)
1355:"Film Review: 'The Wrecking Crew'"
986:
804:
688:has said that his bass playing on
527:. She regularly collaborated with
14:
2416:
2355:The Wrecking Crew (music) members
1783:
890:
461:Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!)
2405:21st-century American guitarists
2298:
2297:
1714:. October 30, 1976. p. 70.
934:Murphy, Bill (August 10, 2012).
871:Riley, Phoebe (April 16, 2016).
784:I Don't Know What's on Your Mind
754:
431:These Boots Are Made for Walkin'
315:Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans
245:. During the 1950s, Kaye played
2350:People from Everett, Washington
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1095:
1005:. Carol Kaye (official website)
582:asked her to play on his album
335:You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'
280:
2390:Jewish American rock musicians
2360:American women bass guitarists
2345:American women music educators
1623:. October 30, 1976. p. 70
1353:Leydon, Joe (March 12, 2015).
1271:"The Streets of San Francisco"
953:
936:"Forgotten Heroes: Carol Kaye"
425:. She played electric bass on
1:
2335:American rock bass guitarists
1464:Pinnock, Tom (June 8, 2012).
1107:Carol Kaye (official website)
830:
702:. Alison Richter, writing in
491:How To Play The Electric Bass
362:twelve-string electric guitar
213:
195:How To Play The Electric Bass
1806:NAMM Oral History Collection
1381:"The First Lady: Carol Kaye"
698:was inspired by her work on
502:The Streets of San Francisco
177:began working for producers
7:
1790:Official Carol Kaye website
1317:. Routledge. p. 1231.
610:, though she also used the
237:At age 13, Kaye received a
10:
2421:
2340:American session musicians
1341:Steward & Garratt 1984
1315:Encyclopedia of Television
797:
646:her bass using a piece of
515:, playing on the theme to
329:", and acoustic guitar on
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2200:
2177:
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2013:
1980:
1855:
1644:"Ace of Bass: Carol Kaye"
738:The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel
713:River Deep, Mountain High
665:
275:
132:
128:
118:
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63:
40:
30:
23:
2266:United Western Recorders
1313:Newcomb, Horace (1997).
961:Berklee College of Music
291:Robert "Bumps" Blackwell
1814:- Top 2000 a gogo, 2009
1165:Benarde, Scott (2003).
772:Eastman School of Music
521:and the soundtrack for
2261:Sunset Sound Recorders
1748:. St. Martin's Press.
1431:Jones, Quincy (2001).
800:Carol Kaye discography
331:The Righteous Brothers
268:. She played with the
232:Wilmington, California
2365:Crest Records artists
1439:. Doubleday. p.
1246:"Across 110th Street"
971:on September 10, 2006
608:Fender Precision Bass
399:Simon & Garfunkel
270:Henry Busse Orchestra
2187:Richard "Slyde" Hyde
2123:Mike (Michel) Rubini
1802:Carol Kaye Interview
1385:Bass Guitar Magazine
1235:, pp. 145, 154.
1169:. UPNE. p. 23.
963:(October 18, 2000).
811:Kaye, Carol (2016).
794:Selected discography
1767:. South End Press.
1606:, pp. 38, 143.
1275:Library of Congress
1250:Library of Congress
717:Grammy Hall of Fame
632:Fender Super Reverb
602:Style and equipment
585:Fast Man Raider Man
533:43rd Academy Awards
518:Mission: Impossible
508:Across 110th Street
389:. According to the
297:'s arrangement of "
239:steel string guitar
220:Everett, Washington
114:Bass guitar, guitar
57:Everett, Washington
1808:(February 2, 2002)
1503:. December 9, 2019
1202:. October 26, 2011
1144:The New York Times
815:. Carol Kaye LLC.
759:Kaye was raised a
2312:
2311:
2282:The Wrecking Crew
2246:Gold Star Studios
2084:
2083:
1976:
1975:
1849:The Wrecking Crew
1774:978-0-896-08240-3
1755:978-0-312-61974-9
1706:"Top Album Picks"
1668:. March 28, 2022.
1617:"Top Album Picks"
1176:978-1-584-65303-5
1061:978-1-60974-367-3
877:New York Magazine
822:978-0-9858748-3-4
765:practiced Judaism
595:The Wrecking Crew
578:, while in 2006,
327:Then He Kissed Me
319:Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah
311:Gold Star Studios
218:Kaye was born in
207:The Wrecking Crew
202:the Wrecking Crew
175:Gold Star Studios
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552:The Way We Were
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2271:Artie Butler
2256:Phil Spector
2210:Bud Brisbois
2164:Jay Migliori
2159:Plas Johnson
2128:Leon Russell
2108:Mike Melvoin
2033:Milt Holland
1982:Upright bass
1947:
1865:James Burton
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1690:February 20,
1688:. Retrieved
1684:
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1625:. Retrieved
1620:
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1604:Hartman 2012
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
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1534:December 18,
1532:. Retrieved
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1500:
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1476:Time Inc. UK
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1233:Hartman 2012
1228:
1221:Hartman 2012
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1199:
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1148:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1129:, p. 5.
1127:Hartman 2012
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
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1085:
1078:Hartman 2012
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1036:Hartman 2012
1031:
1024:Hartman 2012
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980:
973:. Retrieved
969:the original
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411:The Supremes
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323:The Crystals
284:
281:Pop sessions
254:Jack Sheldon
236:
217:
206:
199:
194:
187:Quincy Jones
183:Brian Wilson
179:Phil Spector
171:session work
164:
155:
151:
150:
124:1949–present
120:Years active
18:
2325:1935 births
2230:Tony Terran
2076:Earl Palmer
2071:Jim Keltner
2038:Joe Porcaro
1968:Ray Pohlman
1963:Bill Pitman
1943:Max Bennett
1915:P. F. Sloan
1900:Bill Pitman
1666:Listennotes
1200:Music Radar
1003:"Biography"
780:Spider Webb
705:Bass Guitar
690:the Beatles
673:Bass Player
660:double bass
628:high action
590:Jim Keltner
580:Frank Black
575:The Wilsons
550:'s single "
423:The Monkees
370:Frank Zappa
364:on several
355:Ray Pohlman
258:Lenny Bruce
250:jazz guitar
243:Los Angeles
167:Los Angeles
36:Carol Smith
2319:Categories
2169:Nino Tempo
2098:Al De Lory
2066:Jim Gordon
2061:Hal Blaine
2023:Frank Capp
2015:Percussion
1995:Jimmy Bond
1958:Joe Osborn
1948:Carol Kaye
1885:Mike Deasy
1880:Jerry Cole
1627:August 16,
1561:January 2,
1481:August 13,
1416:August 13,
1364:August 11,
1300:Carol Kaye
1150:August 14,
1009:August 13,
831:References
700:Pet Sounds
612:Danelectro
560:J. J. Cale
478:Pet Sounds
467:Pet Sounds
375:Freak Out!
339:Hal Blaine
299:Summertime
224:trombonist
214:Early life
152:Carol Kaye
47:1935-03-24
32:Birth name
25:Carol Kaye
2215:Roy Caton
2192:Dick Nash
2138:Saxophone
2113:Don Randi
2090:Keyboards
2000:Lyle Ritz
1890:René Hall
1720:0006-2510
1711:Billboard
1621:Billboard
1501:TODAY.com
1410:Tone Deaf
1280:April 14,
1255:March 31,
1206:August 9,
975:March 13,
945:August 9,
882:August 9,
836:Citations
790:in 1976.
743:Liza Weil
652:overtones
636:Versatone
624:flatwound
433:", while
419:Four Tops
385:Billboard
372:'s album
295:Sam Cooke
287:Hollywood
228:big bands
138:carolkaye
106:, teacher
2303:Category
2179:Trombone
2154:Jim Horn
2118:Dr. John
1875:Al Casey
1740:(2012).
1648:LaWeekly
1390:March 7,
729:Dr. John
640:plectrum
634:and the
540:Joe Pass
496:M.A.S.H.
307:La Bamba
256:backing
2202:Trumpet
1857:Guitars
1730:Sources
1589:July 7,
1555:NY Post
1528:Esquire
1359:Variety
761:Baptist
735:series
524:Bullitt
387:Hot 100
133:Website
86:R&B
1771:
1752:
1718:
1447:
1321:
1173:
1058:
819:
786:, for
763:, but
666:Legacy
620:Ibanez
565:Shades
417:, the
321:" and
276:Career
64:Genres
59:, U.S.
2053:Drums
1471:Uncut
644:muted
473:Smile
247:bebop
156:Smith
154:(née
1769:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1716:ISSN
1692:2024
1629:2018
1591:2020
1563:2020
1536:2019
1509:2019
1483:2018
1445:ISBN
1418:2018
1392:2018
1366:2018
1319:ISBN
1282:2022
1257:2022
1208:2018
1171:ISBN
1152:2013
1114:2017
1056:ISBN
1011:2018
977:2007
947:2018
884:2018
817:ISBN
680:'s "
648:felt
542:and
505:and
470:and
429:'s "
421:and
264:and
189:and
181:and
140:.com
91:soul
81:jazz
71:Rock
41:Born
1804:at
1441:126
684:".
333:' "
325:' "
317:' "
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.