159:) has been shown to qualitatively influence positive behaviour change with regard to reducing carbon footprints. Following CL training, energy and carbon-saving behaviour (including both individual and collective actions) has been shown to increase, including evidence of the 'cascade effect'–where participants discussed CL with family, friends or colleagues. In Greater Manchester CL is being disseminated to those that live (via housing associations), those that work (BBC, Media City, Peel Media, ITV, Dock10, local authorities, Groundwork, Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue) and those that study (University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University).
139:
who are Carbon
Literate, and (iii) having a commitment to support its Carbon Literate people and maintain its low carbon culture. An organisation uses this status to better interact with its communities–whether they are staff or customers, neighbours, learners, suppliers or stakeholders. The four tiers of accreditation (Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum) ensures distinction between organisations showing differing levels of commitment.
38:
92:
The plan therefore aimed to (i) lower emissions by reducing demand for and use of energy; altering the technologies used for energy generation; and changing the sources of the fuels used from fossil fuels to renewables; and (ii) create a 'low-carbon culture' by building a common understanding of the
138:
The Carbon
Literate Organisation (CLO) accreditation and associated CLO Standard were designed and launched by The Carbon Literacy Project (2016) in order to provide a visible 'badge' that showcases an organisation as (i) committed to Carbon Literacy (CL), (ii) having a substantial number of people
154:
Behavioural responses to climate change are limited due to the uncertainty and complexity associated with the subject. Current research focuses on the need for societal engagement in the mitigation of climate change, through an increase of understanding amongst citizens, organisations, schools and
170:
found that 'carbon literacy' significantly improves low-carbon behaviour in the hospitality industry in Taiwan. Studies have also focussed on 'carbon literacy practices' in children's construction of knowledge about climate change. Here, significantly higher levels of climate change knowledge and
104:
In 2012, Cooler began to pilot its approach with schools, workplaces, and communities. It quickly established a not for profit initiative - The Carbon
Literacy Project - initially in Manchester but rapidly beyond, to oversee the delivery of training to meet the Standard, and certifying successful
100:
In 2011, Cooler convened a voluntary 30-person working group drawn from all sectors who, working collectively, created a definition for the term, and established requirements for a day's training to meet that definition. These requirements formed the basis of The Carbon
Literacy Standard. The
96:
As a collectively written and owned plan, any citizen or organisation could respond to assist in the delivery of aims and objectives, however it took until 2010 before a
Manchester-based social enterprise Cooler Projects CIC took up the challenge of delivery of the Carbon Literacy objective:
150:
The use of the term 'carbon literacy' is increasingly widespread in everyday language and scientific literature, and includes (i) research that specifically evaluates Carbon
Literacy and The Carbon Literacy Project, and (ii) the use of the term 'carbon literacy' in a more abstract sense.
108:
In 2014, the
Project was incorporated as a registered charity (a legal not-for-profit structure in the UK) The Carbon Literacy Trust (registered charity No.1156722) so that the concept of Carbon Literacy and its IP could be delivered in perpetuity, for the public good.
105:
participants as "Carbon
Literate". In the same year the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities (AGMA) (which includes Manchester), established Carbon Literacy as one of the four aims of the Greater Manchester Climate Change Strategy.
73:
The term Carbon
Literacy had been used informally on a number of earlier occasions, but began to gain prominence in 2009 when it emerged in the development of the climate change action plan for Manchester, Manchester: A Certain Future.
57:
The Carbon
Literacy Project defines Carbon Literacy as "an awareness of the carbon costs and impacts of everyday activities and the ability and motivation to reduce emissions, on an individual, community and organisational basis."
155:
public bodies due to the uncertainty and complexity associated with the subject. Dissemination of Carbon Literacy (CL) training (which includes the causes and consequences of carbon emissions, and an understanding of the power of
697:
1164:
Fifield, Shivali (2014). "The role that Carbon Conversations, as a model of deliberative workshops, can play in increasing carbon literacy with a group of low-income social housing tenants living in Glasgow".
101:
Standard was based on the key premise that if humankind is to cut carbon emissions by the kind of reduction targets demanded by science, we will need to change our culture as well as our technology.
61:
To distinguish between the use of the phrase in its abstract sense ('carbon literacy') (e.g.), and its use under the established definition (Carbon Literacy), the phrase is capitalised (e.g.). See
171:
understanding were found in pupils from 'eco-schools' as opposed to 'non-eco-schools', indicating the importance of Carbon Literacy within community settings to facilitate culture change.
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88:
To engage all individuals, neighbourhoods and organisations in Manchester in a process of cultural change that embeds 'low-carbon thinking' into the lifestyles and operations of the city.
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120:(COP21) in Paris, December 2015. The Carbon Literacy Project is therefore formally recognised as one of the top 100 responses the world has to offer in order to tackle climate change.
1081:
142:
Worldwide to date, fourteen organisations are registered as Carbon Literate Organisations (CLOs), including The University of Manchester, Manchester Museum and Northwards Housing.
701:
546:
162:
Other studies conducted over the last two decades refer to the abstract concept of 'carbon literacy', and its importance in low-carbon behaviour change. For example, Horng
380:
895:
1017:
585:
955:
801:
1045:
Capstick, Stuart Bryce; et al. (2010). "Effects of personal carbon allowances on decision-making: evidence from an experimental simulation".
638:
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Houng, Jeou-Shyan (2013). "Development and validation of the low-carbon literacy scale among practitioners in the Taiwanese tourism industry".
992:
930:
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309:
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Carbon Literacy is the knowledge and capacity required to create a positive shift in how humankind lives, works and behaves in response to
669:
1336:"Predictability of the Atlantic overturning circulation and associated surface patterns in two CCSM3 climate change ensemble experiments"
1261:
830:
97:"...every resident, pupil, student and employee will have had at least one day's training in climate change…probably several by 2020.
1188:
Sharp, Anne; Wheeler, Meagan (2013). "Reducing householders' grocery carbon emissions: Carbon literacy and carbon label preferences".
1385:"Carbon literacy practices": textual footprints between school and home in children's construction of knowledge about climate change"
205:
531:
Whitmarsh, Lorraine; et al. (2009). "Carbon Capability: what does it mean, how prevalent is it, and how can we promote it?".
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Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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30:'s everyday actions. The term has been used in a range of contexts in scientific literature and in casual usage (see
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906:
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27:
1105:"Living with a carbon allowance: The experiences of Carbon Rationing Action Groups and implications for policy"
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Hu, Meng-Lei Monica; et al. (2013). "Assessing students' low carbon literacy by Ridit IPA approach".
809:
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1293:
934:
724:"Public engagement with carbon and climate change: To what extent is the public 'carbon capable'?"
571:
425:
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Gössling, Stefan; Buckley, Ralf (2014). "Carbon labels in tourism: persuasive communication?".
838:
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looked into the development of low carbon choices in the Taiwanese tourism industry, and Teng
1347:
93:
causes and implications of climate change, and to develop programmes of 'carbon literacy'.
8:
1351:
698:"Northwards Housing Coronated on Coronation Street in World First Climate Change Awards"
112:
In 2015, The Carbon Literacy Project was selected from a global field to be part of the
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in 2016, The Carbon Literacy Project introduced an accreditation scheme called the
37:
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656:"The Carbon Literacy Project–Carbon Literate Organisation Accreditation Awardees"
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1082:"Kilograms or cups of tea: Comparing footprints for better CO2 understanding"
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This citizen-written plan pledged the UK's second largest urban area to:
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In 2015, Councillor Jeff Smith became the first Carbon Literate MP.
381:"Climate Change Action Plan by Manchester: A Certain Future (MACF)"
411:
284:
34:), but is most associated with The Carbon Literacy Project (CLP).
1432:
1427:
982:"Personal Carbon Trading: Lessons from Complementary Currencies"
1334:
Teng, Haiyan; Grant Branstator & Gerald A. Meehl. (2011).
1139:
Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education
670:"University of Manchester–Carbon Literate Organisation Awards"
348:"We Are Albert, Sustainable Production Foot-printing Protocol"
956:"Manchester Metropolitan University–Carbon Literacy Strategy"
722:
Whitmarsh, Lorraine; Seyfang, Gill; O'Neill, Saffron (2011).
362:
113:
721:
760:"Manchester Carbon Literacy Evaluation: Report Highlights"
684:"Manchester Museum Becomes a Carbon Literate Organisation"
1169:. MSc Environmental Sustainability Thesis Collection.
133:
426:"Stakeholder Climate Change Action Plan 2010 - 2020"
68:
931:"University of Manchester–Carbon Literacy Strategy"
788:"Carbon Literacy for Registered Providers (CL4RPs)"
600:"Children Are The Teachers In The Carbon Classroom"
533:
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich
1018:"Internet-based carbon tools for behaviour change"
127:
1439:
1222:
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81:Reduce the city of Manchester's emissions of
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547:"Greater Manchester Climate Change Strategy"
774:"The Carbon Literacy Project Research Page"
790:. The Carbon Literacy Project. 2015-01-06.
16:Awareness of climate change and its causes
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1359:
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549:. Manchester City Council. Archived from
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206:Environmental impact of the coal industry
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1044:
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36:
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1103:Howell, Rachel A.; et al. (2012).
979:
639:"Carbon Literate Organisation Standard"
479:"Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report"
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1102:
1079:
625:"Carbon Literate Organisation Webpage"
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882:Carbon literacy training in Stockport
754:
752:
506:. Cooler Projects CIC. Archived from
452:. Cooler Projects CIC. Archived from
308:. Cooler Projects CIC. Archived from
259:. Cooler Projects CIC. Archived from
1080:Lamela, Zapico; et al. (2011).
896:"Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue"
497:"The Carbon Literacy Standard v1.05"
485:. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland: 151 pp.
477:Pachauri, R.K.; Meyer, L.A. (2014).
443:"The Carbon Literacy Standard v1.05"
360:
334:"Low Carbon Trust–'carbon literacy'"
299:"The Carbon Literacy Standard v1.05"
250:"The Carbon Literacy Standard v1.05"
231:Scientific opinion on climate change
201:Effects of global warming on oceans
13:
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903:GMFRS Sustainability Strategy 2014
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134:Carbon Literate Organisation (CLO)
128:Carbon Literate Organisation (CLO)
14:
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221:History of climate change science
85:by 41% by 2020, from 2005 levels.
69:The Carbon Literacy Project (CLP)
226:Index of climate change articles
41:The Carbon Literacy Project logo
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1190:Australasian Marketing Journal
1025:Environmental Change Institute
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114:Transformative Actions Program
1:
1321:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.001
1237:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.067
1225:Journal of Cleaner Production
285:"The Carbon Literacy Project"
236:
62:
45:
31:
1404:10.1080/13549839.2012.688735
1151:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.006
1016:Bottrill, Catherine (2007).
835:Coronation Street goes green
414:. Dave Coleman; Phil Korbel.
7:
1428:The Carbon Literacy Project
1383:Satchwell, Candice (2013).
1263:Building the future we want
1202:10.1016/j.ausmj.2013.08.004
1124:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.10.044
731:Global Environmental Change
504:The Carbon Literacy Project
450:The Carbon Literacy Project
306:The Carbon Literacy Project
257:The Carbon Literacy Project
211:Geologic temperature record
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10:
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1453:Climate change and society
1167:Edinburgh Research Archive
431:. Manchester City Council.
216:Glossary of climate change
586:"Manchester Evening News"
864:Revealed: TV's eco shame
806:Corporate Responsibility
118:UN Climate Change summit
1458:Politics and technology
1361:10.1175/2011jcli4207.1
1059:10.3763/cpol.2009.0034
989:Complementary Currency
980:Seyfang, Gill (2007).
604:www.carbonliteracy.com
287:. Cooler Projects CIC.
42:
412:"Cooler Projects CIC"
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28:impacts of humankind
22:is the awareness of
1352:2011JCli...24.6054T
1086:PsychNology Journal
1340:Journal of Climate
1309:Tourism Management
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1392:Local Environment
1346:(23): 6054–6076.
361:Anderson, Kevin.
196:Greenhouse effect
157:individual action
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