32:
684:
1140:(New Society), Quezon City's stature of being the country's capital was transferred to Manila and the whole of Metro Manila was designated as the seat of government on June 24, 1976, by Presidential Decree No. 940. President Marcos also considered an alternative site for the national capital. A joint study was conducted by the architecture and planning offices of Cesar Concio and Felipe Mendoza, comparing the original Novaliches site and a newly reclaimed stretch of land south of the new
1120:; the proposed Palace of the Chief Executive that would replace Malacañang Palace as the official residence of the president at its left; and an area allotted for the Supreme Court and other constitutional bodies. The whole complex was to be connected to Manila by an east–west parkway called Republic Avenue where a War Heroes Memorial was planned to be located.. That plan was submitted and approved by President Quirino but it would take close to thirty years before the
849:
864:, to design the new capital. This he did in grand fashion using Washington D.C. as a model. The national civic center was placed outside the old walls in the open field called Bagumbayan. Burnham planned a large capitol building surrounded by supporting government offices in a formal setting that was close to a mirror image of Washington's. The
1155:, the name would be Aguinaldo, which is named after the country's first president. While the idea was to be located south of Manila, on a 5000-hectare area, a river should tarverse the city; proximity to the sea or lake would be desirable; travel time to the nearest airport to have more than 60 minutes; this will also avoid any major
1016:
golf course. The park was to be the main component of a comprehensive citywide park and parkway system. This system would have included another 400-hectare (990-acre) in the north, various parks and greenbelts along creeks and rivers, numerous playgrounds and athletic fields. A 46-hectare (110-acre) area presently occupied by
1008:). All of these complexes were set in landscaped sites and surrounded by public parks and open spaces. The new National Capital City complex was thus defined with the three branches of government connected and framed by the Diliman Quadrangle. The portion of Batasan Hills was reserved for the campus of
1111:
but the raised elevation of
Novaliches was finally chosen. The original Diliman area was thus enlarged to include the Novaliches watershed to the North all the way to Wack Wack in the south. In essence, the Frost Plan was revived under the National Planning Commission first headed by Croft then later
893:
Possessing the bay of Naples, the winding river of Paris, and the canals of Venice, Manila has before it an opportunity unique in the history of modern times, the opportunity to create a unified city equal to the greatest of the
Western World with the unparalleled and priceless addition of a tropical
883:
Burnham proposed a parkway along Manila bay extending from the Luneta southward all the way to Cavite. This was to be a 250’ wide boulevard – with roadways, tramways, bridle paths, rich plantations, and broad sidewalks and should be made available to all classes of people. Burnham further recommended
1066:
created a
Capital Site Committee to look at other possible sites. The old capitol site was not deemed defensible enough from military attack nor the area large enough to accommodate a projected population of several million people. Sixteen other sites were evaluated. The committee was formed to look
766:
landed in Cebu. He was welcomed by Rajah
Humabon, who, together with his wife and about 800 natives, were baptized by the Spaniards on April 14, 1521, and are considered to be the first Filipino Catholics. Magellan, however, failed to successfully claim the Philippines for the crown of Spain, having
2640:
Due to overpopulation, traffic congestion, and high vulnerability to natural disasters in the current capital various lawmakers have suggested to shift the capital of the
Philippines. In 1999, the government proposed the Government Center for Investments Complex, which is part of the development of
2318:
The
Cantonal governments of Bohol and Negros, and Cebu, as well as the Provisional Government in the Visayas which exercised powers over Panay and Romblon, formed the Federal State of the Visayas on December 2, 1898, to promote federalism in the Philippines. Roque Lopez who was the president of the
1115:
In 1949, the civic center under these revisions was to be moved northeast from the elliptical circle to a 158-hectare (390-acre) area called
Constitution Hill. The three branches of government and support offices were laid in a formal layout. In the middle was to be a 20-hectare (49-acre) Plaza of
1015:
The elliptical circle was turned to a memorial to Quezon. The 400 hectares (990 acres) of the
Diliman quadrangle was allocated by the commission as the city's central park. This central park was to contain the national botanic garden, the national zoo, athletic grounds, a grand stadium and even a
778:
departed from Cebu and arrived in Manila. The Muslim
Tagalogs welcomed the foreigners, but Goiti had other plans. The Spanish force of 300 soldiers marched through Manila and a battle was fought with the heavily armed Spaniards quickly defeating and crushing the native settlements to the ground.
1170:
Manila remains the country's capital city, but the administrative and political centers of the national government are spread throughout Metro Manila, with the
Executive (Malacañang Palace) and the Judiciary (Supreme Court) both in Manila. while the legislative branch is located in two separate
2172:
on June 24, 1976, Presidential Decree No. 940 designated Manila as the capital city of the Philippines and the whole of Metro Manila as seat of government. Metro Manila had been created on November 7, 1974 by Presidential Decree No. 824 by incorporating the city of Manila, Quezon City,
1214:
is within the city limits, and the Supreme Court still holds their April–May summer sessions at Baguio. Presidential Decree No. 940 of 1976 made no mention of Baguio continuing to serve as the "summer capital", but the city still holds the distinction in an unofficial capacity.
915:
Burnham's Manila plan was prepared for a city with a maximum population of 800,000 people. The population of the city of Manila was only 285,000 in 1918, but it grew at 5.6 percent per year to more than 600,000 in 1939. At that rate, Manila would have been filled to capacity.
911:
produced a Zoning Plan for Manila based on the original Burnham Plan. This was printed and distributed free to the public for feedback. The final drawings and documents were recommended for approval in 1933 and eventually became the basis for Manila's first zoning ordinances.
872:. Only the Agriculture and Finance Buildings were built of the original civic group. The National Library was also built in the 1920s but turned into the Legislative Building in lieu of the Capitol that could not get built because of budgetary cuts. Governor General
935:, it decided to scrap the Burnham Plan and replace it with a new metropolis elsewhere. One of the main reasons given was that the proposed National Capitol to be built in the vicinity of the present-day Rizal Park was too susceptible to naval bombardment.
988:
and A. D. Williams in the Planning Commission. A fourth member of the team, landscape architect Louis P. Croft joined them as advisor on planning and park design. They were commissioned to produce a master plan for Quezon City; this was approved in 1941.
2664:. In February 2017, a panel was formed by the House of Representatives explore the possibility of shifting the country's capital. In March 2017, the House Speaker stated that the capital of the Philippines should be "somewhere in
975:
and asked him to choose a new site for and then to design a new Philippine capital. Parsons arrived in June 1939 and eventually chose Diliman as the new capital site. He also managed to produce a master plan for the new
1151:, and it was expected that businesses and groups that depended on the government would relocate to the new seat. Two decades later, in 1995, when President Ramos proposed the location of the government center to be at
1028:
was also part of the master plan, as well as the planning of housing projects and business and industrial hubs. Finally, there was to be a major greenbelt all along the Marikina and San Mateo valley – to contain
996:. The circle was to house the new legislative complex, a magnificent group of buildings with the halls of Senate and the House. Executive Mansion or Presidential palace to its left (currently occupied by the
251:
1048:, established in 1941 combining Manila and adjacent municipalities, still served as the nation's capital. However Baguio serve as the temporary capital of government in exile and the site where General
2672:, while suggesting that Malacañang Palace in Manila should remain the president's official residence. In August 2019, a senator filed a bill proposing that the seat of government should transfer to
2700:
796:("Distinguished and Ever Loyal City"). In 1595, Manila was proclaimed as the capital of the Philippine Islands and became a center of the trans-Pacific silver trade for more than three centuries.
1192:
992:
The elliptical circle was the focal point of a grand quadrangle defined by the geographically named avenues and reached by a grand boulevard connecting it to the very center of old Manila via
1635:
After the Americans besieged Malolos on March 31, 1899, Aguinaldo transferred his headquarters in several towns in attempt to escape from American forces and continue his revolution.
1159:, having no buildings and rise high enough to reach 600 feet, which would make the city green; and a national park would feature a network of smaller parks, gardens, and malls. While
779:
Legazpi and his men followed the next year and made a peace pact with the three rajahs and organized a city council consisting of two mayors, 12 councilors, and a secretary.
2660:
as the next Philippine capital. In November 2016, some officials proposed for the shifting of national government offices, and later the official capital, to the center of
1572:
477:
472:
230:
1776:
856:
When the Americans came they decided that Intramuros was not big enough, nor appropriate for their new colony. They called in the famous architect and planner,
826:
became the headquarters of the revolutionary army yet several other towns became capitals, at a succeeding rate to avoid capture from the Americans during the
2786:
880:. Improvement proposed by Burnham includes waterfront parks and parkways; the city's street system; construction of buildings, waterways, and summer resorts.
721:
2910:
2863:
3062:
2791:
2704:
3014:
2993:
1055:
Quezon died in exile during the war years. After the war, Quezon City was put back on track as capital of an independent republic. In 1945, President
2894:"PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 824, November 07, 1975 | CREATING THE METROPOLITAN MANILA AND THE METROPOLITAN MANILA COMMISSION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"
938:
After Burham left, William Parsons became Consulting Architect of the Philippine Commission. Among Parsons' accomplishments in Manila were the
743:
1744:
500:
971:
dreamed of a city that could become the future capital of the country, replacing Manila. In the summer of 1939 President Quezon contacted
2645:
and would have a cluster of four state-of-the-art medium-rise buildings that would become a one-stop shop for businesses and investors.
1172:
932:
577:
222:
2944:
2629:
The destruction of Fort Seludong and the establishment of Intramuros ended the rule of local Muslim rulers and ushered the Spanish era.
1033:, preserve the agricultural land and protect the city's watershed areas. None of the intended parks and parkway system was ever built.
246:
205:
1947:
and Allied forces during the final stages of World War II. Served as the temporary headquarters of the Commonwealth led by President
967:
During the time of the Commonwealth, Manila still served as the nation's capital. During these times too that Commonwealth President
714:
2657:
2653:
2104:
928:
152:
92:
61:
750:, has been the country's capital throughout most of its history and regained the title through a presidential order in 1976, with
774:
A Spanish expedition ordered by the conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi demanded the conquest of Manila. His second on command,
2833:
1991:
1536:
371:
694:
595:
553:
407:
2319:
provisional government in Panay became the federal state's president and Iloilo City was designated as the Visayas capital.
3100:
1396:
1364:
1336:
739:
707:
664:
2490:
At 1640, Balindong Bsar established the Confederation of the Sultanates of Lanao until its annexation by America in 1899.
3105:
1432:
323:
159:
146:
3043:
2963:
1952:
1141:
543:
467:
919:
But then in the 1930s just as the Commonwealth government had finally built the Burnham Plan's seaside drive – named
612:
538:
389:
121:
3028:
1059:, who had taken over when Quezon died, organized the Quezon Memorial Committee (QMC) to raise funds for a memorial.
1001:
997:
452:
446:
441:
311:
303:
188:
2796:
1020:
was proposed to be the location of the National Exposition Grounds which was originally intended to host the 1946
2871:
1858:
1784:
669:
523:
362:
53:
2758:
2592:
2041:, the headquarters of the Second Republic was moved to Baguio until Laurel announced its dissolution in Tokyo.
1127:
487:
1025:
977:
45:
2648:
In May 2012, Quezon City councilor Francisco Calalay Jr. urged Congress to consider shifting the capital to
3095:
2292:
1368:
951:
602:
558:
548:
430:
338:
295:
112:
100:
1608:
1117:
1009:
939:
827:
563:
528:
180:
172:
79:
22:
2002:
1962:
1037:
1005:
924:
656:
590:
142:
1024:, adjacent to it is the proposed Scientific Government Center. The transfer of the main campus of the
888:, and beyond as part of the park and parkway system. Burnham ended his report by the following words:
788:, at the southern banks of Pasig River was built to protect the Spanish colonizers. On June 10, 1574,
1604:
1180:
947:
607:
197:
2282:
The area encompasses the whole Zamboanga Peninsula and claimed the whole Mindanao as its territory.
2893:
2668:
island". In January 2018, two congressmen filed a bill proposing to shift the country's capital to
2503:
1505:
266:
2603:
thereby replacing Tondo in importance due to the Lakan of Tondo having lost the Battle of Manila.
2186:
2038:
1647:
1616:
1428:
1279:
1160:
873:
861:
348:
69:
2010:
1971:
1439:
1045:
907:
By 1928 a major revision of the plan was undertaken. A committee led by Manuel Mañosa, Sr. and
843:
808:
271:
212:
74:
2642:
2266:
1683:
1540:
1449:
1112:
by Harvard-trained Anselmo Alquinto. The plan was revised in 1947, 1949 and finally in 1956.
815:
261:
2462:
The Kedatuan of Dapitan existed in Bohol from the 1100s until its destruction by the Papuan
1128:
Transfer of Nation's Capital to Manila and Designation of Metro Manila as Seat of Government
2463:
2416:
343:
328:
281:
133:
1435:
1092:
877:
8:
2998:
2618:
2571:
2446:
2387:
2329:
2271:
1887:
1808:
1485:
1251:
1211:
830:. The status of the national capital moved back to Manila after the capture of President
800:
2841:
1147:
In the 1970s, President Marcos proposed that the national government center would be in
2613:
2600:
2236:
1844:
1812:
1800:
1780:
1478:
1049:
972:
789:
763:
688:
533:
513:
314:
775:
2736:
2540:
2362:
2253:
2194:
1944:
1867:
1804:
1734:
1709:
Aguinaldo established headquarters in Lubuagan for 73 days before fleeing to Palanan
1690:
1640:
1344:
1084:
804:
276:
2345:
Butuan first enters written records when the Rajah named Kiling sent tribute to the
1116:
the Republic. In the middle right of the plaza was the proposed capitol housing the
3063:"Decongest Manila: Gatchalian proposes transfer of seat of gov't to New Clark City"
2566:
2182:
2169:
1891:
1828:
1714:
1532:
1311:
Second Spanish settlement. Established as a capital before the conquest of Manila.
1133:
1121:
1096:
968:
908:
831:
398:
233:
208:
1948:
1056:
884:– shaded drives along the Pasig all the way to Ft. McKinley, which we now know as
31:
2596:
2421:
2367:
2301:
2297:
2132:
1995:
1929:
1900:
1156:
1021:
920:
108:
2673:
2587:
The kingdom of Tundun or Tondo established as a fortified city at the mouth of
2261:
2006:
1840:
1832:
1820:
1654:
1207:
1152:
1108:
1104:
901:
885:
857:
380:
2740:
3089:
2971:
2661:
2495:
2479:
2334:
2241:
1907:
1796:
1773:
1676:
1458:
1017:
993:
985:
865:
518:
416:
333:
237:
2868:
Department of Interior and Local Government-Cordillera Administrative Region
3067:
2730:
2520:
2346:
2140:
1999:
1816:
1788:
1438:
tried to revive the colonial government in Iloilo until the Spanish forces
1408:
1291:
1063:
1041:
1030:
943:
876:
used funds intended for the Burnham Plan to build an Executive Building in
751:
129:
3015:"Alvarez' federal Philippines: 14 states, Negros as seat of central gov't"
2649:
2588:
2524:
2508:
2408:
2379:
2287:
2112:
1661:
1404:
1287:
1176:
981:
736:
overview of current and former national capital cities in the Philippines
2382:
was the last leader of an independent Cebu until its conquest by Spain.
2669:
2441:
2354:
2047:
1848:
1376:
1316:
1080:
1068:
962:
869:
848:
784:
2911:"Philippines: Panel formed to study possibility of relocating capital"
2732:
Quezon City: the rise of a capital city of the Philippines, 1939-1976
2466:, then Dapitan refugees re-established Dapitan in northern Mindanao.
1672:
1260:
1164:
768:
625:
2652:. In February 2016, Australian businessman Peter Wallace suggested
2178:
1924:
1824:
1148:
1100:
1072:
618:
2436:
and conquest of Panay effectively extinguished the confederation.
2306:
2231:
2190:
1836:
1584:
1580:
1413:
1297:
1265:
823:
819:
508:
1733:
Aguinaldo's last hideout until he was captured by the forces of
1144:. but the Novaliches was still chosen for the proposed capital.
2994:"Negros execs elated by plan to move government offices to NIR"
2665:
2608:
2561:
2471:
2401:
2394:
2378:
Cebu was established by Tamil descended Rajah named Sri Lumay.
2324:
2147:
2084:
2018:
1792:
1753:
1665:
1552:
1548:
1203:
1188:
1088:
747:
2677:
2451:
2174:
2155:
2117:
2089:
2058:
2051:
2023:
1976:
1872:
1791:. in 1901, the capital engulfed the nearby municipalities of
1758:
1719:
1695:
1621:
1589:
1557:
1517:
1512:
1490:
1463:
1381:
1349:
1321:
1282:
established the first Spanish settlement in the archipelago.
1184:
639:
632:
2545:
2532:
2433:
1076:
3044:"Kabayan reps want Philippine capital moved to Davao City"
2945:"Quezon City moves to replace Manila as country's capital"
956:
754:
serving as the National Capital Region (NCR) since 1978.
2591:
making it as a capital even before 900 AD (based on the
1187:. The Senate would eventually move to Fort Bonifacio in
1107:. The committee even considered moving the capital to
3029:"Alvarez wants separate state for indigenous peoples"
2826:
807:, and moved back to Manila after the signing of the
2792:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
2701:"Capital and Seat of government of the Philippines"
1224:Capital and Seats of Government of the Philippines
2896:. Supreme Court of the Philippines. June 24, 1976.
2599:invasion of Lusung made Manila the capital of the
2556:The Sultanate of Sulu was independent until 1915.
2203:
3087:
2856:
2432:The establishment of the Spanish settlement in
984:, Parsons' former partner took over and joined
2905:
2903:
1163:proposed that the nation's capital to move to
837:
803:, they temporarily transferred the capital to
715:
2964:"Clark-Subic eyed as new Philippine capital"
2695:
2693:
2252:The city was declared the capital after the
2103:Became the capital of the newly independent
1990:Served as the seat of government during the
1772:Served as the seat of government during the
1745:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
799:When the British captured Manila during the
2900:
1886:Temporary headquarters of the Commonwealth
767:been slain in neighboring Mactan Island by
2962:Navales, Reynaldo G. (February 24, 2016).
1004:complex to its right (the current site of
722:
708:
3012:
2759:"What Quezon City could have looked like"
2690:
1894:when the Japanese forces invaded Manila.
1504:Served as the capital of the short lived
3013:Arguillas, Carolyn O. (March 28, 2017).
847:
757:
3060:
2961:
2942:
2781:
2779:
2728:
957:1941 Frost-Arellano Plan of Quezon City
3088:
2787:"Presidential Decree No. 940, s. 1976"
2519:The sultanate encompasses the current
1603:Served as the Official Capital of the
1210:" of the country from 1903 to 1976. A
3041:
2756:
2476:Confederation of sultanates in Lanao
2131:By virtue of Republic Act No. 333 by
1052:and Vice Admiral Okochi surrendered.
2928:"Gov't center to rise at the Fort".
2776:
2752:
2750:
2724:
2722:
2635:
980:. He died in December of that year.
2943:Magturo, Daphne J. (May 24, 2012).
2757:Bueza, Michael (October 12, 2014).
13:
3061:Placido, Dharel (August 8, 2019).
2822:. December 16, 1995. pp. 25B.
1737:and surrendered to the Americans.
1142:Cultural Center of the Philippines
14:
3117:
2747:
2719:
1198:
122:Vice President of the Philippines
1459:San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite
1206:was formerly designated as the "
1071:. These included, among others:
1062:In 1946 newly elected President
998:Veterans Memorial Medical Center
682:
304:Supreme Court of the Philippines
30:
3054:
3042:Cupin, Bea (January 17, 2018).
3035:
3021:
3006:
2986:
2955:
2936:
2921:
2818:"Building a new capital city".
2391:(currently San Joaquin, Iloilo)
1859:Commonwealth of the Philippines
54:Constitution of the Philippines
2886:
2811:
2795:. May 29, 1976. Archived from
2204:Other former declared capitals
2181:, several municipalities from
1479:Tejeros Revolutionary Republic
1036:During the Japanese-sponsored
1:
2683:
2576:
2349:Emperor of China at 1001 AD.
1218:
1026:University of the Philippines
978:University of the Philippines
818:erupted in 1896, the town of
794:Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad
2293:Federal State of the Visayas
1369:British occupation of Manila
952:Philippine Normal University
746:. The current capital city,
101:President of the Philippines
7:
3101:Politics of the Philippines
2398:(currently Hamtic, Antique)
2077:Republic of the Philippines
1781:civilian insular government
1397:Spanish colonial government
1365:Spanish colonial government
1337:Spanish colonial government
1118:Congress of the Philippines
1010:Philippine Military Academy
940:Philippine General Hospital
860:, one of the proponents of
838:1905 Burnham Plan of Manila
181:Congress of the Philippines
23:Politics of the Philippines
10:
3122:
3106:History of the Philippines
2864:"Municipality of Lubuagan"
1963:Second Philippine Republic
1571:Served as the seat of the
1539:was proclaimed during the
1395:Served as the seat of the
1335:Served as the seat of the
1193:New Supreme Court Building
1038:Second Philippine Republic
1006:East Avenue Medical Center
960:
841:
363:Constitutional commissions
2729:Ignacio, Jamaico (2016).
2499:(currently Cotabato City)
2405:(currently Kalibo, Aklan)
2074:
2036:
1959:
1885:
1855:
1741:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1446:
1363:Temporary capital of the
1248:
948:Manila Army and Navy Club
923:and finally finished the
792:gave Manila the title of
744:Fifth Philippine Republic
252:Party-list representation
2838:Municipality of Lubuagan
2504:Sultanate of Maguindanao
2151:(country's capital city)
1943:Landing site of General
1506:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
1195:would also follow suit.
1173:House of Representatives
578:Administrative divisions
372:Civil Service Commission
223:House of Representatives
2412:(currently Iloilo City)
2141:National Capital Region
1648:Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija
1617:San Isidro, Nueva Ecija
1609:Philippine–American War
1280:Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
1161:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
1124:was completed in 1978.
1067:at 16 other options to
874:Francis Burton Harrison
862:City Beautiful movement
828:Philippine–American War
790:King Philip II of Spain
782:A walled city known as
740:Spanish colonial period
408:Commission on Elections
2536:(currently Jolo, Sulu)
2011:City of Greater Manila
1851:to form Metro Manila.
1046:City of Greater Manila
897:
868:is now our Luneta, or
853:
852:Burnham Plan of Manila
844:Burnham Plan of Manila
689:Philippines portal
2949:newsinfo.inquirer.net
2643:Bonifacio Global City
2358:(currently Cebu City)
2267:Republic of Zamboanga
1817:San Fernando de Dilao
1684:Bayambang, Pangasinan
1605:Republican government
1541:Philippine Revolution
933:Agriculture Buildings
890:
851:
816:Philippine Revolution
758:Historical background
344:Regional Trial Courts
262:Bangsamoro Parliament
153:Executive departments
2464:Sultanate of Ternate
2417:Kedatuan of Madja-as
2144:(seat of government)
1531:Hometown of General
1450:Revolutionary Period
1212:presidential mansion
925:Post Office Building
809:1763 Treaty of Paris
738:, spanning from the
329:Court of Tax Appeals
3096:Capitals by country
3031:. February 7, 2018.
2999:The Philippine STAR
2974:on October 20, 2020
2917:. February 9, 2017.
2707:on November 1, 2020
2680:, Tarlac, by 2030.
2619:Metropolitan Manila
2572:Metropolitan Manila
2447:Kedatuan of Dapitan
2330:Rajahnate of Butuan
2272:Zamboanga Peninsula
1992:Japanese occupation
1888:government-in-exile
1777:military occupation
1486:San Miguel, Bulacan
1399:in the Philippines
1339:in the Philippines
1252:Spanish East Indies
1225:
1191:by 2025, while the
822:in the province of
390:Commission on Audit
2844:on August 31, 2018
2601:Kingdom of Maynila
2335:Northeast Mindanao
2237:Republic of Negros
1442:to the Americans.
1223:
1050:Tomoyuki Yamashita
854:
764:Ferdinand Magellan
596:Autonomous regions
315:Alexander Gesmundo
277:Municipal councils
2874:on March 22, 2016
2636:Proposed capitals
2633:
2632:
2614:Kingdom of Manila
2541:Sultanate of Sulu
2537:
2500:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2363:Rajahnate of Cebu
2359:
2254:Negros Revolution
2217:Present-day area
2201:
2200:
2195:metropolitan area
2152:
2145:
1945:Douglas MacArthur
1890:led by President
1868:Corregidor Island
1805:Santa Ana de Sapa
1735:Frederick Funston
1691:Lubuagan, Kalinga
1641:Angeles, Pampanga
1436:Diego de los RĂos
1345:Bacolor, Pampanga
1132:During President
904:
878:Malacañang Palace
805:Bacolor, Pampanga
762:On April 7, 1521
732:
731:
665:Foreign relations
501:Political parties
282:Barangay councils
267:Provincial boards
3113:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:. Archived from
2959:
2953:
2952:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2932:. June 27, 1999.
2925:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2870:. Archived from
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2840:. Archived from
2830:
2824:
2823:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2703:. Archived from
2697:
2581:
2578:
2535:
2498:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2357:
2208:
2207:
2170:Ferdinand Marcos
2150:
2143:
2039:Battle of Manila
1892:Manuel L. Quezon
1715:Palanan, Isabela
1533:Emilio Aguinaldo
1433:Governor-General
1226:
1222:
1134:Ferdinand Marcos
1122:Batasan Pambansa
969:Manuel L. Quezon
899:
832:Emilio Aguinaldo
801:Seven Years' War
724:
717:
710:
687:
686:
685:
399:Gamaliel Cordoba
349:Barangay justice
324:Court of Appeals
234:Martin Romualdez
209:Francis Escudero
160:Local government
34:
18:
17:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3059:
3055:
3040:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3011:
3007:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2930:Manila Standard
2927:
2926:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2820:Manila Standard
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2799:on May 25, 2017
2785:
2784:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2755:
2748:
2727:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2638:
2597:Bruneian Empire
2595:), in 1500 the
2579:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2302:Central Visayas
2298:Western Visayas
2206:
2146:
2133:Elpidio Quirino
2079:
2003:Second Republic
1966:
1930:Eastern Visayas
1901:Washington D.C.
1862:
1748:
1565:September 1898
1513:Cavite El Viejo
1495:November 1897
1453:
1255:
1221:
1201:
1171:locations: the
1130:
1040:and throughout
973:William Parsons
965:
959:
921:Dewey Boulevard
905:
846:
840:
776:MartĂn de Goiti
760:
742:to the current
728:
699:
695:Other countries
683:
681:
676:
675:
674:
659:
649:
648:
647:
580:
570:
569:
568:
503:
493:
492:
484:
460:
433:
423:
422:
421:
403:
385:
365:
355:
354:
353:
319:
298:
288:
287:
286:
257:
256:
218:
193:
175:
165:
164:
139:
109:Bongbong Marcos
95:
85:
84:
66:
48:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3082:
3081:
3053:
3034:
3020:
3005:
2985:
2954:
2935:
2920:
2899:
2885:
2855:
2825:
2810:
2775:
2746:
2718:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2674:New Clark City
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2585:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Zamboanga City
2258:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2105:Third Republic
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2009:. Part of the
2007:José P. Laurel
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:March 6, 1900
1698:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1655:Bamban, Tarlac
1651:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1471:November 1897
1469:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1429:Fall of Manila
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1220:
1217:
1208:summer capital
1200:
1199:Other capitals
1197:
1153:Fort Bonifacio
1138:Bagong Lipunan
1129:
1126:
1109:Boracay Island
961:Main article:
958:
955:
902:Daniel Burnham
898:
886:Fort Bonifacio
858:Daniel Burnham
842:Main article:
839:
836:
759:
756:
730:
729:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
701:
700:
698:
697:
691:
678:
677:
673:
672:
667:
661:
660:
657:Related topics
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
644:
643:
636:
629:
615:
613:Municipalities
610:
605:
600:
599:
598:
588:
582:
581:
576:
575:
572:
571:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
505:
504:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
483:
482:
481:
480:
475:
470:
461:
459:
458:
457:
456:
449:
444:
435:
434:
429:
428:
425:
424:
420:
419:
412:
411:
402:
401:
394:
393:
384:
383:
381:Karlo Nograles
376:
375:
367:
366:
361:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
320:
318:
317:
308:
307:
299:
294:
293:
290:
289:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
258:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
241:
227:
226:
217:
216:
202:
201:
192:
191:
185:
184:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
156:
155:
150:
138:
137:
126:
125:
117:
116:
105:
104:
96:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
65:
64:
62:Charter Change
58:
57:
49:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
35:
27:
26:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3118:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3074:September 23,
3070:
3069:
3064:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3016:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2978:September 24,
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2821:
2814:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2681:
2679:
2676:, located in
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:Negros Island
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580: 900 CE
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Tondo Dynasty
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Lanao del Sur
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:Sergio Osmeña
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:United States
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:May 18, 1900
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:Nueva Vizcaya
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:Revolutionary
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:Island Group
1231:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:Fort McKinley
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:Sergio Osmeña
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:SM North EDSA
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:Supreme Court
999:
995:
994:Quezon Bridge
990:
987:
986:Juan Arellano
983:
979:
974:
970:
964:
954:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
913:
910:
909:Juan Arellano
903:
896:
895:
889:
887:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:National Mall
863:
859:
850:
845:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
786:
780:
777:
772:
770:
769:Datu Lapulapu
765:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
703:
702:
696:
693:
692:
690:
680:
679:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
658:
653:
652:
642:
641:
637:
635:
634:
630:
628:
627:
623:
622:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
597:
594:
593:
592:
589:
587:
584:
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3072:. Retrieved
3068:ABS-CBN News
3066:
3056:
3047:
3037:
3023:
3008:
2997:
2988:
2976:. Retrieved
2972:the original
2967:
2957:
2948:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2915:gulfnews.com
2914:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:the original
2867:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:the original
2837:
2828:
2819:
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2797:the original
2790:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:
2731:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:the original
2647:
2639:
2533:Astana Putih
2521:Soccsksargen
2347:Song dynasty
2305:
2300:
2226:Description
2076:
2057:
2046:
1961:
1906:
1899:
1857:
1789:World War II
1785:Commonwealth
1743:
1537:independence
1477:Seat of the
1448:
1409:Panay Island
1292:Panay Island
1250:
1244:Description
1202:
1169:
1146:
1137:
1136:' period of
1131:
1114:
1064:Manuel Roxas
1061:
1054:
1042:World War II
1035:
1031:urban sprawl
1022:World's fair
1014:
991:
966:
944:Manila Hotel
937:
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891:
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752:Metro Manila
735:
733:
670:Human rights
638:
631:
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585:
534:Nacionalista
451:
415:Chairperson
406:
397:Chairperson
388:
379:Chairperson
370:
302:
221:
196:
179:
130:Sara Duterte
120:
99:
52:
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2650:Quezon City
2589:Pasig river
2525:Maguindanao
2523:region and
2509:Maguindanao
2409:Irong-Irong
2380:Rajah Tupas
2288:Iloilo City
2113:Quezon City
1809:San Nicolas
1662:Tarlac City
1607:during the
1575:Government
1498:April 1898
1468:March 1897
1440:surrendered
1367:during the
1177:Quezon City
982:Harry Frost
894:setting ...
734:This is an
488:Referendums
213:Independent
173:Legislature
75:Legal codes
3090:Categories
2741:1060180071
2735:(Thesis).
2684:References
2670:Davao City
2527:province.
2442:Tagbilaran
2388:Sinugbohan
2355:Singhapala
2193:to form a
2168:Issued by
2037:After the
1953:liberation
1849:Santa Mesa
1845:San Andres
1813:San Miguel
1801:Santa Cruz
1783:, and the
1568:3 months
1562:July 1898
1525:July 1898
1522:June 1898
1427:After the
1392:132 years
1332:191 years
1219:Chronology
1157:fault line
1069:Novaliches
1000:) and the
963:Frost Plan
950:, and the
870:Rizal Park
785:Intramuros
626:Poblacions
46:Government
2878:March 14,
2848:March 14,
2834:"History"
2803:April 17,
2496:Kuta Wato
2372:800 A.D.
2128:28 years
2000:sponsored
1821:Port Area
1769:43 years
1730:9 months
1673:Bayombong
1632:9 months
1600:6 months
1501:5 months
1474:8 months
1241:Duration
1229:Location
1165:Cebu City
1097:Montalban
1093:Los Baños
1085:San Pablo
834:in 1901.
814:When the
619:Barangays
603:Provinces
464:Barangay
431:Elections
339:Ombudsman
296:Judiciary
247:Districts
206:President
93:Executive
2395:Malandog
2211:Capital
2179:Caloocan
2163:present
2100:3 years
1996:Japanese
1994:and the
1987:3 years
1925:Tacloban
1919:2 years
1829:Sampaloc
1825:Pandacan
1774:American
1706:73 days
1535:, where
1528:30 days
1360:2 years
1308:2 years
1276:4 years
1179:and the
1149:Tagaytay
1101:Antipolo
1073:Tagaytay
438:General
80:Taxation
3048:Rappler
2968:Sunstar
2768:May 15,
2763:Rappler
2711:July 1,
2307:Romblon
2232:Bacolod
2191:Bulacan
2070:1 year
2034:1 year
1940:1 year
1883:1 year
1837:Binondo
1585:Bulacan
1581:Malolos
1424:1 year
1414:Visayas
1298:Visayas
1266:Visayas
929:Finance
824:Bulacan
820:Malolos
591:Regions
586:Capital
554:Reporma
529:Liberal
509:Akbayan
231:Speaker
143:Cabinet
2739:
2666:Negros
2609:Manila
2472:Marawi
2456:1100s
2325:Butuan
2242:Negros
2214:State
2185:, and
2148:Manila
2085:Manila
2019:Baguio
1972:Manila
1951:until
1847:, and
1841:Malate
1833:Quiapo
1819:, the
1793:Ermita
1787:until
1754:Manila
1666:Tarlac
1553:Cavite
1549:Bacoor
1431:, the
1405:Iloilo
1377:Manila
1317:Manila
1288:Iloilo
1238:Until
1235:Since
1204:Baguio
1189:Taguig
1181:Senate
1103:, and
1089:Baguio
1044:, the
946:, the
942:, the
927:, the
748:Manila
640:Puroks
633:Sitios
608:Cities
514:Aksyon
198:Senate
2678:Capas
2658:Clark
2654:Subic
2626:1570
2623:1500
2584:1500
2562:Tondo
2553:1915
2550:1405
2516:1888
2513:1500
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2249:1901
2246:1898
2220:From
2189:from
2183:Rizal
2175:Pasay
2160:1976
2156:Luzon
2125:1976
2122:1948
2118:Luzon
2097:1948
2094:1945
2090:Luzon
2067:1945
2064:1944
2059:Japan
2052:Tokyo
2031:1945
2028:1944
2024:Luzon
1984:1944
1981:1941
1977:Luzon
1937:1945
1934:1944
1916:1944
1913:1942
1880:1942
1877:1941
1873:Luzon
1797:Tondo
1766:1941
1763:1898
1759:Luzon
1727:1901
1724:1900
1720:Luzon
1696:Luzon
1629:1899
1626:1899
1622:Luzon
1597:1899
1594:1898
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1518:Luzon
1491:Luzon
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1081:Davao
519:Lakas
238:Lakas
147:lists
3076:2019
2980:2019
2880:2019
2850:2019
2805:2024
2770:2020
2737:OCLC
2713:2013
2546:Sulu
2434:Oton
2368:Cebu
2048:Nara
1261:Cebu
1077:Cebu
931:and
478:2023
473:2018
468:2013
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447:2022
442:2019
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2593:LCI
2223:To
2187:one
2005:of
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564:UNA
559:PDP
549:PFP
544:NUP
539:NPC
524:LDP
134:HNP
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