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Cannons (house)

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541: 724: 999: 31: 910: 550: 428: 625: 332: 492:(consecrated 29 August 1720) as well as the final designs for the four new facades. The designs for the interiors did not meet with approval from Vanbrugh who commented "The fronts v.fine... But the inside is of poor Invention" and Gibbs was dismissed in 1719. Cannons was completed under the supervision of the Duke's 932:
This palace is so beautiful in its situation, so lofty, so majestick the appearance of it, that a pen can but ill describe it... 'tis only fit to be talk'd of upon the very spot... The whole structure is built with such a Profusion of Expense and finished with such a Brightness of Fancy and Delicacy
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Chandos had a taste for Italianate music and in 1719 became a patron of Handel's opera company in London. At Cannons, as well as employing continental musicians as composers, he also engaged continental instrumentalists. The singers, on the other hand, seem to have been mainly English, rather than
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The Basin, Canons Park Estate, today. When the Duke of Chandos developed the estate in the early part of the 18th century, this ornamental pond was constructed along the approach drive from the south-east so that visitors caught their first sight of the Canons Park mansion once they had negotiated
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The Salon... is to be supported by Marble Pillars and painted by Paullucci ; as is the great Staircase, which is all of Marble... this Staircase leads you into the Royal Apartments fronting the Parterre and grand canal and consists of a Suite of six noble rooms well proportioned, finely plaister'd
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of Pope splattering Chandos' carriage, the poet apologised to the Duke, denying that any comparison with Cannons was intended, but it has been suggested that Pope could have anticipated that some people would see a connection. Within a few years another point of comparison had emerged – Pope had
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in Henry's inheritance, so in 1747 he held a twelve-day demolition sale at Cannons which saw both the contents and the very structure of the house itself sold piecemeal leaving little more than a ruin barely thirty years after its inception. The subsequent villa built by William Hallett is now
574:. Desaguliers created a system of pipes of different materials and bores to feed the water features. In fact, he was better-known for his scientific expertise than his interest in his parishioners. The water gardens, which included a great basin, a canal and numerous ornamental fountains led 642:
Chandos began collecting paintings before Cannons was built. Chandos, who had good contacts in the art market in the Netherlands, sometimes bought works unseen, relying on the judgement of his agents. One of the difficulties he faced in acquiring the best continental art was that the
647:(1701–1714), which was a key factor in his great wealth, also made it more difficult to import art directly from Italy. Even so, his collection of Italian paintings included some of the great masters. Chandos also commissioned painters directly, for example, the portraitists 741:
burst and their finances never recovered. Following the death of the first Duke, the very fabric of Cannons, all its contents and every fixture and fitting were auctioned to satisfy debts. A twelve-day sale began on 16 June 1747 and the sale catalogue included works by
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before becoming Cannons' resident composer from 1717 to 1718. It has been suggested that the move to Cannons was related to the fact that in 1717 there was reduced demand for his services in central London because operatic productions were experiencing a downturn.
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Such was the fame of the house that the duke had to introduce crowd control measures – including a one-way system – to manage the large numbers of visitors who flocked to the estate. Cannons was featured in early travel guides including a 1725 travelogue by
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to the Forces. He retired in 1713 with a fortune of £600,000, worth £58,000,000 today, he had gained by speculation with the money in his care. Brydges had inherited Cannons from his first wife Mary who died in 1712. In 1713 he married his cousin
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This recognition is in spite of the fact that the eighteenth-century park survives in a fragmented and partial state – the register includes parks and gardens with a main phase of development prior to 1750 even when only a small part is still
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A more modest house was built on the site in 1760 by William Hallett who had acquired wealth through his skill at cabinet making. This was itself enlarged by a succession of owners, notably Dennis O’Kelly owner of the outstanding racehorse
604:, oversaw changes at Cannons reflecting the eighteenth-century movement towards a more naturalistic style of landscape gardening. Some features from the original park survive, including two lakes, the Basin Lake and the Seven Acre Lake. 354:
Chandos died in 1744 and his debts were by then so great that his heirs had no choice but to sell the house and contents in a demolition auction of 1747. The architectural building adornments were sold off to other grand projects. The
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and began to enlarge the house. Brydges took personal control of the project and it was the work of a string of architects and landscape gardeners, who changed as they fell into and out of favour. One builder was used throughout,
901:, in 1788 as being of a more appropriate size for the location than Cannons: "the situation is too near London for such display; being better suited for this present villa, sprung from the former demolition". 682:
Chandos maintained a musical establishment; some of the musicians are known to have doubled as household servants but even so, musical standards were very high. The music director for twenty years was the
827:, South Audley Street, which was built in 1749 but like Cannons is no longer standing having been demolished in 1937. Another statue modelled by C. Burchard in about 1716 and cast by John Van Nost, of 691:. He wrote a number of pieces of church music for the Cannons chapel. The size of the musical establishment at Cannons declined in the 1720s in response to the family's losses in the 183:, between 1713 and 1724 at a cost of £200,000 (equivalent to £39,400,000 today), replacing an earlier house on the site. Chandos' house was razed in 1747 and its contents dispersed. 838:
The rest of the house and contents were dispersed across the country and the location of much has been lost, however some substantial elements can still be seen, including the
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John Price and latterly Edward Shepard. A contemporary account from a 1722 visitor at the time that the finishing touches were being made to the interiors records:
1911: 1901: 328:. He used the house as a setting for his patronage of the arts stocking it with paintings, sculpture and holding opera performances. It was completed by 1720. 1233: 1916: 396:
In 1929 the house was bought by the North London Collegiate School who still occupy it today. Part of the gardens remain as Canons Park in the care of the
1168:"that character of Timon is collected from twenty different absurditys and improprieties: and never was the picture of any one human creature"; quoted in 205:
Cannons was the focus of the first Duke's artistic patronage – patronage which led to his nickname "The Apollo of the Arts". Brydges filled Cannons with
878:. There is some dispute as to where the instrument was moved, as some sources say it is identifiable as the organ in the church at Great Witley, whereas 501:
and gilt by Pargotti and the Ceilings painted by Paullucci; from these Apartments you go into my Lords dressing room and Library, fronting the gardens.
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as resident house composer from 1717 to 1718. Such was the fame of Cannons that members of the public flocked to visit the estate in great numbers and
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of 1720. However, when his wife died in 1735, he remarried a wealthy 43-year-old widow, Lady Lydia Davall, who had £40,000 to her name.
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The Georgian style villa that replaced Cannons, seen from the west in Canon's Park. Now occupied by the North London Collegiate School.
897:, where part of the original temple can still be seen, and is known by the modern spelling, Canons. Hallett's villa was mentioned by 863: 820: 590: 312: 1921: 1881: 1333:
The letters of James Brydges Earl of Carnarvon and later Duke of Chandos (1674–1744) to John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683–1744)
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the land was sold into private hands in 1543. A large house was built during the 16th and 17th centuries at one point owned by
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in 1715. Gibbs is known as an architect who worked in a baroque idiom but incorporated palladian elements. He designed the
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The Cannons estate was acquired by Chandos in 1713 from the uncle of his first wife, Mary Lake. Mary's great-grandfather Sir
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to comment "I cannot but own that the water at Cannon's... is the main beauty of that situation and it cost him dear".
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in 1713 who produced twelve plans but was dismissed in 1714 before starting any building on the main house. Next was
1781: 407:, which is largely built upon its parkland and is a wealthy north London suburb. This in turn gave its name to the 1237: 521:
The grounds of Cannons extended to 105 acres (0.42 km) and were renowned for their magnificence. There was a
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to remodel and enlarge the building between 1905-1908. The exterior of the current building is largely his work.
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The Duke's constantly changing vision brought five different architects to it and though one of the last great
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was an archaic term for certain orders of monks including the Augustinians of St Bartholomew's Priory. At the
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Portrait of a Patron. The Patronage and Collecting of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos (1674–1744)
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Portrait of a Patron: The Patronage and Collecting of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos (1674–1744)
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Portrait of a Patron. The Patronage and Collecting of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos (1674–1744)
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and listens to elaborate music in his chapel. After adverse comment, including a caricature by
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in 1714 and later became duke of Chandos. His fortunes were damaged by financial losses in the
321: 214: 151: 1562: 1083: 1076: 442: 36: 1741:(a one-volume edition of the Twickenham text ed.). Yale University Press. p. 593. 1514: 1052: 882:, claims to have some of the pipework. There is a tradition that the gates were removed to 566:
Chandos had a water engineer of international fame in his household – his chaplain, the Rev
1426: 945:(1731), which ridicules the villa of an aristocrat called "Timon" and includes the lines: 240:. Due to the cost of building Cannons and significant losses to the family fortune in the 8: 1631: 530: 269: 199: 1283:
A Journey through England in Familiar letters from a Gentleman here to his Friend abroad
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the highly trained and expensive Italians who were the stars of the London opera scene.
597:. Bradley, who dedicated a gardening book to the Duke, supplied plants for the gardens. 1926: 1329: 1107: 1017: 575: 562:, painted in 1722 and showing the newly constructed Basin at Cannons in the background. 477: 408: 191: 1180:'s satirical engraving of Lord Burlington, as a mason's apprentice, carrying a hod to 909: 30: 1803: 1752: 1742: 1592: 1568: 1384: 1356: 1310: 1145: 1087: 1007: 819:
The portico, railings and marble staircase with bronze balustrade were bought by the
738: 348: 344: 1774: 1828: 1452: 1419:"Chandos, Marlborough and Kneller: Painting and 'Protest' in the Age of Queen Anne" 1169: 893:
William Hallett who in 1760 built a large villa on the site which today houses the
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who designed the north and west ranges (and also rebuilt the local parish church,
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Bath, 1680–1850: A Social History, or a Valley of Pleasure Yet a Sink of Iniquity
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who worked on the interiors of the house. Chandos was a patron of the sculptors
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in 1604. Following the first Duke's death in 1744, Cannons passed to his son
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was unjustly accused of having represented the house as "Timon's Villa" in his
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and installed by James Gibbs in the Church of Saint Michael and All Angels,
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became tenant in 1902 and bought it in 1911. He engaged the celebrated
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who had a remarkable pedigree including being the main builder for both
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There is archaeological evidence the site was used in Roman times for
1721:. pp. Letter 6, Part 1: Middlesex, Hertford and Buckinghamshire. 875: 843: 789: 785: 747: 676: 493: 458: 176: 755: 534: 454: 1800:
Cassandra Brydges, Duchess of Chandos, 1670-1735: Life and Letters
751: 684: 526: 360: 77: 1831:) from Cannons now in St Michael's, Great Witley, Worcestershire 431:
James Brydges (later 1st Duke of Chandos) and his family, 1713.
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The grand staircase of Cannons, seen here after its removal to
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The Brydges lost a significant part of their fortune when the
1412: 1410: 1271:, Friends of Canons Park, Harrow Council, 2016. Accessed 2016 1544: 768:(wrongly attributed to Guercino in the catalogue) which the 835:, where, after frequent vandalism, it was removed in 1872. 698:
By far the most famous musician associated with Cannons is
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Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1859 by Rupert Gunnis
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and incidentally bespattering Chandos (Lees-Milne, 108).
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The Duke went through several architects beginning with
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The house gives its name to the modern local district,
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houses Cannons also contributed to the development of
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Logaston Press, Herefordshire 2000 rev ed. 2005 p107
631:'s ceiling paintings from the Cannons chapel, now in 1330:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucypanp/desaguliersletters.htm
858:and made by glass painter Joshua Price, along with 1075: 1045: 1691:Fragment of a diary of a Tour in Hertfordshire, ( 1650:Trinity: 450 Years of an Oxford College Community 850:in London. Elements of the chapel, in particular 702:. He attracted the patronage of noblemen such as 589:, a horticulturalist who was to become the first 1868: 981:Timon, like Chandos, is a patron of the painter 928:where he described Cannons' extravagance thus: 306:was an MP for Hereford who achieved the post of 614:National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens 186:The name "Cannons" is an obsolete spelling of " 1718:A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain 1252:"St Lawrence, Little Stanmore, church history" 695:, a financial crash which took place in 1720. 268:In mediaeval times the site was a part of the 35:James Gibb's design for the South Front (from 1912:Former houses in the London Borough of Harrow 1902:Demolished buildings and structures in London 1802:, Editor Rosemary O'Day, Boydell Press, 2007 1785:. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1560: 846:which some sources now place in front of the 990:prophesied the demolition of Timon's villa. 449:(which is believed to have been designed by 198:, London, which owned the estate before the 1917:Buildings and structures demolished in 1747 1607: 1374: 1372: 1100: 941:was seen as satirising Cannons in his poem 718: 480:, with a baroque interior). On advice from 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 950:Light quirks of Musick, broken and uneven, 792:, where it still hangs. Of the sculptures 758:. Amongst the most notable paintings were 284:in London. This gave it the name Cannons, 1545:Weinreb, Ben & Hibbert, Christopher. 1342: 1110:inflation figures are based on data from 952:Make the soul dance upon a Jig to Heaven. 600:Chandos, together with his head gardener 1827:– a stained glass window (attributed to 1554: 1492:. Royal College of Music. Archived from 1441: 1378: 1369: 997: 908: 722: 623: 548: 539: 426: 330: 1769: 1416: 1348: 1304: 1289: 1232:North London Collegiate School (2015). 1139: 889:The estate itself was purchased by the 862:'s ceiling paintings were purchased by 585:associated with the Cannons garden was 1869: 1527: 1449:"Johann Christoph Pepusch (1667–1752)" 1144:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 12–13. 1711: 1705: 1280: 1111: 1073: 904: 704:Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington 1731: 1685: 1679: 1655: 1383:. Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 286. 1176:, :148. The error was compounded in 1067: 441:Chandos remodelled the pre-existing 1763: 1624: 1617:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians 1487: 1481: 780:which was purchased at the sale by 13: 1355:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 84. 1033:James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos 899:John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington 555:James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos 339:in 1747, itself demolished in 1937 238:Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos 181:James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos 120:James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos 16:Stately home in Middlesex, England 14: 1938: 1815: 1475:The Cambridge Companion to Handel 804:, and a statue claiming to be of 213:acquisitions, and also appointed 1782:Dictionary of National Biography 1663:"North London Collegiate School" 1531:Mayfair, Belgravia and Bayswater 1528:Mitton, Geraldine Edith (1903). 772:in London acquired in 1986, and 619: 300:'s Chancellor of the Exchequer. 29: 1793: 1725: 1701:. Cambridge University Library. 1642: 1632:"Gosport church's Handel organ" 1601: 1581: 1538: 1521: 1508: 1467: 1397: 1323: 1274: 1262: 422: 158:, John Price and Edward Shepard 1922:1724 establishments in England 1882:Rococo architecture in England 1381:A History of Kitchen Gardening 1244: 1225: 1216: 1191: 1158: 1133: 1028:North London Collegiate School 954:On painted Cielings [ 895:North London Collegiate School 659:, and the decorative painters 290:Dissolution of the Monasteries 251:North London Collegiate School 1: 1620:. Vol. 2.2. p. 686. 1425:. Bulletin 17. Archived from 1038: 645:War of the Spanish Succession 457:facades and a large internal 1877:English Baroque architecture 1608:de Pontigny, Victor (1900). 1335:correspondence preserved at 880:Holy Trinity Church, Gosport 7: 1738:The Poems of Alexander Pope 1549:(2008 ed.). Macmillan. 993: 962:Where sprawl the Saints of 568:John Theophilus Desaguliers 537:containing gilded statues. 179:, England. It was built by 10: 1943: 1735:(1963). Butt, John (ed.). 1589:Churches of Worcestershire 1423:National Gallery of Canada 802:Victoria and Albert Museum 516: 337:Chesterfield House, London 256: 232:had acquired the manor of 1824:The Adoration of the Magi 1417:Stewart, Douglas (1971). 1184:, whitewashing a bust of 960:] you devoutly stare, 823:for his new London home, 798:The Stoning of St Stephen 732:The Stoning of St Stephen 558:(1673-1744), portrait by 282:St Bartholomew's Hospital 196:St Bartholomew's Hospital 143: 138: 130: 125: 115: 107: 99: 91: 83: 73: 63: 53: 48: 44: 28: 23: 1907:Houses completed in 1724 1892:Country houses in London 1547:The London Encyclopaedia 1379:Campbell, Susan (2005). 1203:London Borough of Harrow 821:4th Earl of Chesterfield 719:Demolition and dispersal 689:Johann Christoph Pepusch 398:London Borough of Harrow 1611:"Jordan, Abraham"  1567:. Bantam. p. 175. 1349:Jenkins, Susan (2007). 1305:Jenkins, Susan (2007). 1234:"The History of Canons" 1140:Jenkins, Susan (2007). 1112:Clark, Gregory (2017). 1057:Victoria County History 884:Trinity College, Oxford 595:University of Cambridge 318:Edward Strong the Elder 139:Design and construction 1776:"Brydges, James"  1652:(OUP, 2005), 170, 173. 1561:Nicholas Clee (2009). 1337:The Huntington Library 1254:. 2015. Archived from 1082:. Routledge. pp.  1061:British History Online 1003: 979: 935: 920: 918:Boy bitten by a lizard 778:The Choice of Hercules 765:Boy Bitten by a Lizard 734: 706:, and he was based at 700:George Frideric Handel 639: 563: 546: 503: 438: 340: 1887:James Gibbs buildings 1174:The Earls of Creation 1001: 947: 930: 912: 726: 627: 552: 543: 498: 430: 334: 37:Vitruvius Britannicus 1897:History of Middlesex 1853:51.60937°N 0.29216°W 1281:Macky, John (1724). 1074:Neale, R.S. (1981). 854:windows designed by 313:Cassandra Willoughby 190:" and refers to the 84:Construction started 1849: /  1240:on 22 January 2016. 633:Great Witley Church 591:professor of botany 484:the Duke appointed 322:St Paul's Cathedral 200:English Reformation 54:Architectural style 49:General information 1858:51.60937; -0.29216 1496:on 26 October 2007 1108:Retail Price Index 1018:History of Edgware 1004: 937:A few years later 921: 905:In popular culture 864:Thomas, Lord Foley 825:Chesterfield House 735: 640: 576:Nicholas Hawksmoor 564: 547: 439: 341: 192:Augustinian canons 1574:978-0-593-05983-8 1390:978-0-7112-2565-7 1362:978-0-7546-4156-8 1316:978-0-7546-4156-8 1164:Pope confided to 1151:978-0-7546-4156-8 1008:Handel at Cannons 482:Sir John Vanbrugh 359:columns form the 345:Earl of Caernavon 343:Brydges was made 308:Paymaster General 265:and tile making. 244:there was little 162: 161: 131:Structural system 126:Technical details 1934: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1829:Francesco Sleter 1787: 1786: 1778: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1659: 1653: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1605: 1599: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1558: 1552: 1550: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1525: 1519: 1517:Survey of London 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1490:"The Music Room" 1488:Murdoch, Tessa. 1485: 1479: 1478:, Donald Burrows 1471: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1455:on 20 April 2008 1451:. 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London. 1208:4 January 876:swell box 844:colonnade 842:from the 806:George II 790:Wiltshire 786:Stourhead 748:Giorgione 687:composer 677:John Nost 494:surveyors 459:courtyard 357:Palladian 270:endowment 177:Middlesex 92:Completed 1715:(1725). 1689:(1788). 1404:evident. 994:See also 974:—  968:Laguerre 943:Of Taste 860:Bellucci 829:George I 756:Guercino 581:Another 535:parterre 443:Jacobean 433:Artist, 225:(1731). 111:£200,000 1638:. 2011. 1564:Eclipse 1063:. 1976. 752:Raphael 612:on the 593:at the 531:terrace 527:orchard 517:Gardens 507:Baroque 415:on the 374:Eclipse 363:of the 361:portico 298:James I 272:of the 257:History 165:Cannons 78:England 74:Country 24:Cannons 1806:  1755:  1745:  1595:  1571:  1387:  1359:  1313:  1148:  1090:  1023:Rococo 964:Verrio 812:is in 744:Titian 685:German 651:, Sir 490:chapel 274:Priory 215:Handel 188:canons 167:was a 116:Client 1697:circa 1693:circa 1666:(PDF) 1125:7 May 286:canon 263:brick 134:stone 1804:ISBN 1753:OCLC 1743:ISBN 1673:2008 1593:ISBN 1569:ISBN 1502:2008 1461:2008 1435:2008 1385:ISBN 1357:ISBN 1311:ISBN 1210:2016 1186:Kent 1146:ISBN 1127:2024 1088:ISBN 970:... 784:for 754:and 675:and 667:and 655:and 324:and 209:and 108:Cost 103:1747 95:1724 87:1713 1695:11- 1636:BBC 1106:UK 1084:128 966:or 957:sic 808:by 776:'s 762:'s 583:FRS 572:FRS 545:it. 525:an 381:of 276:of 194:of 171:in 1873:: 1779:. 1751:. 1634:. 1614:. 1421:. 1409:^ 1371:^ 1291:^ 1201:. 1172:, 1116:. 1086:. 1059:. 1055:. 916:: 870:, 816:. 750:, 746:, 730:' 679:. 663:, 635:, 616:. 570:, 476:, 461:. 419:. 400:. 296:, 253:. 202:. 175:, 154:, 150:, 1759:. 1675:. 1577:. 1534:. 1504:. 1463:. 1437:. 1393:. 1365:. 1319:. 1212:. 1154:. 1129:. 1096:. 437:. 39:)

Index


Vitruvius Britannicus
English Baroque
Little Stanmore
England
James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos
William Talman
John James
James Gibbs
stately home
Little Stanmore
Middlesex
James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos
canons
Augustinian canons
St Bartholomew's Hospital
English Reformation
Old Masters
Grand Tour
Handel
Alexander Pope
Thomas Lake
Great Stanmore
Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos
South Sea Bubble
liquid capital
North London Collegiate School
brick
endowment
Priory

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