Dog - Knowledge

3023:' potential to compete with other large carnivores is limited by their strong association with humans. Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they tend to live in pairs in areas where they are highly persecuted, giving them a disadvantage when facing large dog groups. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed. Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs, and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations. 1283: 1244: 1303: 1212: 1148: 1116: 1084: 1180: 1064: 2568:—except for the UK, where it is common. In Norway, neutering is illegal unless for the benefit of the animal's health (e.g., ovariohysterectomy in case of ovarian or uterine neoplasia). Some European countries have similar laws to Norway, but their wording either explicitly allows for neutering for controlling reproduction or it is allowed in practice or by contradiction through other laws. Italy and Portugal have passed recent laws that promote it. Germany forbids early age neutering, but neutering is still allowed at the usual age. In Romania, neutering is mandatory except for when a pedigree to select breeds can be shown. 194: 2748: 147: 185: 156: 1671: 1716: 3835: 2889: 250: 21942: 214: 2781: 3084: 1686: 1664:. These breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, which include body size, skull shape, tail phenotype, fur type, and colour. Their behavioural traits include guarding, herding, hunting, retrieving, and scent detection. Their personality traits include hypersocial behavior, boldness, and aggression. Present-day dogs are dispersed around the world. An example of this dispersal is the numerous modern breeds of European lineage during the Victorian era. 15064: 15074: 176: 3423: 1502: 2025: 3940: 205: 1865:. This sense of smell is the most prominent sense of the species; it detects chemical changes in the environment, allowing dogs to pinpoint the location of mating partners, potential stressors, resources, etc. Dogs also have an acute sense of hearing up to 4 times greater than that of humans. They can pick up the slightest sounds from about 400 m (1,300 ft) compared to 90 m (300 ft) for humans. 2403: 165: 2751: 2750: 2756: 2754: 2749: 21954: 2755: 2657:. Dogs' minds have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. They have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and are uniquely attuned to human behaviors. Behavioral scientists thought that a set of social-cognitive abilities in domestic dogs that are not possessed by the dog's canine relatives or other highly intelligent mammals, such as 2561:(ASPCA) advises that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered so that they do not have undesired puppies that may later be euthanized. However, the Society for Theriogenology and the American College of Theriogenologists made a joint statement that opposes mandatory neutering; they said that the cause of overpopulation in the US is cultural. 2832:, showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel things by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those new items after four weeks of the initial exposure. A study of another Border Collie, Chaser, documented that he had learned the names and could associate them by verbal command with over 1,000 words. 2753: 3576:, assist individuals with disabilities. A study of 29 dogs found that 9 dogs owned by people with epilepsy were reported to exhibit attention-getting behavior to their handler 30 seconds to 45 minutes prior to an impending seizure; there was no significant correlation between the patients' demographics, health, or attitude towards their pets. 3786:. Dog bites affect tens of millions of people globally each year. Children in mid-to-late childhood are the largest group bitten by dogs, with a greater risk of injury to the head and neck. They are more likely to need medical treatment and have the highest death-rate. Sharp claws can lacerate flesh, which can lead to serious infections. 10921:

Zilio L, Hammond H, Peralta González S, Laura Parolin M, Montes A, Mariela Ocampo S, et al. (September 2024). "Huachen: First record of use of dogs for carrying loads among hunter-gatherers in South America. Human-dog interactions on the late Holocene in Colhué Huapi lake, Argentine Patagonia".

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One study indicated that wheelchair-users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when accompanied by a dog than when they are not. In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners. In one study,

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in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, an estimated 77.5 million people in the United States have pet dogs. The source shows that nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% own two dogs, and nearly 9% own more than two dogs. The data also

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but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal". Earlier studies have shown that pet-dog or -cat guardians make fewer hospital visits and are less likely to be on medication for heart problems and sleeping difficulties than non-guardians. People with pet dogs took considerably

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pathway into domestication. The questions of when and where dogs were first domesticated have taxed geneticists and archaeologists for decades. Genetic studies suggest a domestication process commencing over 25,000 years ago, in one or several wolf populations in either Europe, the high Arctic, or

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The scientific evidence is mixed as to whether a dog's companionship can enhance human physical and psychological well-being. Studies suggest that there are benefits to physical health and psychological well-being, but they have been criticized for being "poorly controlled". One study states that

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Dog communication is how dogs convey information to other dogs, understand messages from humans, and translate the information that dogs are transmitting. Communication behaviors of dogs include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs), and

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can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans. Another study showed that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs faced with an unsolvable

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The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but the median longevity (the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive) is approximately 12.7 years. Obesity correlates negatively with longevity with one study finding obese dogs have a life expectancy

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enclosed in muscles and skin that support the dog's back extensor muscles. One of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state. The tail also helps the dog maintain balance by putting its weight on the opposite side of the dog's tilt, and it can also help the dog

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in its forelimb and hind legs. Dewclaws on the forelimbs are attached by bone and ligament, while the dewclaws on the hind legs are attached only by skin. Most dogs aren't born with dewclaws in their hind legs, and some are without them in their forelimbs. Dogs' dewclaws

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known as vibrissae, sensing organs present above the dog's eyes, below their jaw, and on their muzzle. Vibrissae are more rigid, embedded much more deeply in the skin than other hairs, and have a greater number of receptor cells at their base. They can detect air currents, subtle vibrations, and

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Unlike other domestic species selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that only 11 fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution and

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A vast range of commodity forms aim to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods and services available for dogs, such as dog-training books, classes, and television programs, has increased. The majority of contemporary dog-owners describe their pet as part of the family,

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that the mother usually removes shortly after birth. Dogs can have the maternal instincts to start grooming their puppies, consume their puppies' feces, and protect their puppies, likely due to their hormonal state. While male-parent dogs can show more disinterested behaviour toward their own

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trying to be dominant is based on a controversial theory about wolf packs. It has been disputed that "trying to achieve status" is characteristic of dog-human interactions. Human family members have increased participation in activities in which the dog is an integral partner, such as

1826:; the dog's visual world consists of yellows, blues, and grays. They have difficulty differentiating between red and green. The divergence of the eye axis of dogs ranges from 12–25°, depending on the breed. Dogs' eyes of different breeds can have different retina configurations. The 10061:

New Zealand was originally a land without terrestrial mammals, except for three species of small bats. packs of European dogs were roaming forests by the middle of the 19th century. both domestic and feral dogs continue to be predators of ground birds, including the kiwi and weka

2677:) and emotional processing. Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared with wolves, though some of these genes have been associated with aggression in certain dog breeds. Traits of high sociability and lack of fear in dogs may include genetic modifications related to 3060:

species extinct and are identified as a 'potential threat' to at least 188 threatened species worldwide; another figure is that dogs have also been linked to the extinction of 156 animal species. Dogs have been documented to have killed a few birds of the endangered species, the

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Kruger, K.A. & Serpell, J.A. (2006). Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: Definitions and theoretical foundations, In Fine, A.H. (ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. San Diego, CA, Academic Press: 21–38.

3699:(618–907) partially prohibiting dog meat consumption at events. Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is Western hypocrisy and that there is no difference in eating different animals' meat. In some countries, 3879:

Health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in a pet dog's presence, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety and are exposed to

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by urinating on them, which is more likely when entering a new environment. Both sexes of dogs may also urinate to communicate anxiety or frustration, submissiveness, or when in exciting or relaxing situations. Aroused dogs can be a result of the dogs' higher

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levels. Between 3 and 8 weeks of age, dogs tend to focus on other dogs for social interaction, and between 5 and 12 weeks of age, they shift their focus to people. Belly exposure in dogs can be a defensive behavior that can lead to a bite or to seek comfort.

2906: 3367:. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for dogs' trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations, and probably also their co-existence with early human hunter-gatherers. 11209: 1977:

A study suggests that dogs show asymmetric tail-wagging responses to different emotive stimuli. "Stimuli that could be expected to elicit approach tendencies seem to be associated with higher amplitude of tail-wagging movements to the right side".

3606:) for dogs to participate in with their guardians. In dog shows, also referred to as "breed shows", a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in a 2584:

is considered to be due mainly to the expression of homozygous deleterious recessive mutations. Outcrossing between unrelated individuals, including dogs of different breeds, results in the beneficial masking of deleterious recessive mutations in

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Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals, and body posture. With their acute sense of hearing, dogs rely on the auditory aspect of communication for understanding and responding to various cues, including the distinctive

2727:' habits) which can be influenced by breeding. These instincts can drive dogs to consider objects or other animals to be prey or drive possessive behavior. These traits have been enhanced in some breeds so that they may be used to hunt and kill 2752: 3656:; such traditions date back to antiquity. It is estimated that 30 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Han Chinese traditionally ate dog meat. China is the world's largest consumer of dogs, with an estimated 10 to 20 2701:

concentrations. A similar study claims that hyperactivity is more common in male and young dogs. A dog can become aggressive because of trauma or abuse, fear or anxiety, territorial protection, or protecting an item it considers valuable.

1789:, the intermediate mesocephalic or mesaticephalic type, and the very short and broad brachycephalic type exemplified by mastiff type skulls. The jaw contains around 42 teeth, and it has evolved for the consumption of flesh. Dogs use their 13392:

Batson, K., McCabe, B., Baun, M.M., Wilson, C. (1998). "T he effect of a therapy dog on socialization and psychological indicators of stress in persons diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease". In Turner, Dennis C., Wilson, Cindy C. (eds.).

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Almada RC, Coimbra NC (June 2015). "Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake

1899:, or "single", with the topcoat only. Breeds may have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside. Premature graying can occur in dogs as early as one year of age; this is associated with 1583:

lineage. Some studies have posited that all living wolves are more closely related to each other than to dogs, while others have suggested that dogs are more closely related to modern Eurasian wolves than to American wolves.

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behaviors, and fear of unfamiliar noise, people, or animals. Some dog breeds are hairless, while others have a very thick corded coat. The coats of certain breeds are often groomed to a characteristic style, for example, the

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Arnold S (1997). "Harninkontinenz bei kastrierten Hündinnen. Teil 1: Bedeutung, Klinik und Ätiopathogenese" [Urinary incontinence in castrated bitches. Part 1: Significance, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis].

3790:, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year. It has been estimated that around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in U.K. hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study concluded that dog-associated 4153:

does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets, but requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves and to make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them. The view on dogs in

3450:, allowing it to conform to social expectations of personality and behavior. The second has been the broadening of the concepts of family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices. 2632:

litters, 22% of puppies died before reaching 7 weeks of age. Stillbirth was the most frequent cause of death, followed by infection. Mortality due to infection increased significantly with increases in inbreeding.

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Neutering is the most common surgical procedure in dogs less than a year old in the US and is seen as a control method for overpopulation. Neutering often occurs as early as 6–14 weeks in shelters in the US. The

2323:. Data from the Pet Poison Helpline shows that human drugs are the most frequent cause of toxicosis death. The most common household products ingested are cleaning products. Most food related poisonings involved 2739:

out of habit, stress, for attention, or boredom; most of them will not do it later in life. A study hypothesizes that the behavior was inherited from wolves, a behavior likely evolved to lessen the presence of

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happens around six months to one year for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first

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1–7 days before giving birth, lasting for around three months. Colostrum peak production was around 3 weeks postpartum and increased with litter size. The dog can sometimes vomit and refuse food during

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structure with the exception of the number of bones in the tail, although there is significant skeletal variation between dogs of different types. The dog's skeleton is well adapted for running; the

2905: 11454: 12067: 1608:, then later dispersed eastward into the Americas and westward across Eurasia, with dogs likely accompanying the first humans to inhabit the Americas. Some studies have suggested that the extinct 12528: 11785: 10738: 3818:

infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision. Dog feces can also contain

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van der Beek S, Nielen AL, Schukken YH, Brascamp EW (September 1999). "Evaluation of genetic, common-litter, and within-litter effects on preweaning mortality in a birth cohort of puppies".

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region have killed dogs in the middle of villages. Amur tigers will not tolerate wolves as competitors within their territories, and the tigers could be considering dogs in the same way.

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puppies, most can play with the young pups as they would with other dogs or humans. A female dog may abandon or attack her puppies or her male partner dog if she is stressed or in pain.

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Axelsson E, Ratnakumar A, Arendt ML, Maqbool K, Webster MT, Perloski M, et al. (March 2013). "The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet".

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more physical exercise than those with cats or those without pets; these effects are relatively long-term. Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased survival in cases of

2847:. One study of 18 household dogs found that the dogs could not distinguish food bowls at specific locations without distinguishing cues; the study stated that this indicates a lack of 12307: 12187: 12006: 11724: 3011:

and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing that village dogs' most common response when approached by strangers is to run away (52%) or respond aggressively (11%).

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evidence shows that this dog was not a local wolf. The dog was dated to 14,223 years ago and was found buried along with a man and a woman, all three having been sprayed with red

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and other genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet. Similar to humans, some dog breeds produce amylase in their

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In mythology, dogs often appear as pets or as watchdogs. Stories of dogs guarding the gates of the underworld recur throughout Indo-European mythologies and may originate from

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survive and can be fertilized for a week after ovulation, more than one male can sire the same litter. Fertilization typically occurs two to five days after ovulation. After

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Using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late-18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with

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Friedmann E, Thomas SA (1995). "Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST)".

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Fossati P (31 May 2022). "Spay/neuter laws as a debated approach to stabilizing the populations of dogs and cats: An overview of the European legal framework and remarks".

5691: 2735:. One study found that wolves outperformed dogs in finding food caches, likely due to a "difference in motivation" between wolves and dogs. Some puppies and dogs engage in 3315: 12498: 3892:

new guardians reported a significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition, which was sustained through the 10-month study.

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Researchers have tested dogs' ability to perceive information, retain it as knowledge, and apply it to solve problems. Studies of two dogs suggest that dogs can learn by

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objects in the dark. They provide an early warning system for objects that might strike the face or eyes, and probably help direct food and objects towards the mouth.

11808: 6792: 912:. Experts estimate that due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a 11841: 9293: 2558: 10484: 9707: 2264:

cases worldwide; however, in some developed countries such as the UK, rabies is absent from dogs and is instead only transmitted by bats. Other common zoonoses are

8155: 6231: 3727:, a spicy stew, aims to balance the body's heat during the summer months. Some followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's 10894:

Lupo KD (September 2019). "Hounds follow those who feed them: What can the ethnographic record of hunter-gatherers reveal about early human-canid partnerships?".

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Doherty TS, Dickman CR, Glen AS, Newsome TM, Nimmo DG, Ritchie EG, et al. (June 2017). "The global impacts of domestic dogs on threatened vertebrates".

8666: 6049: 2908: 1731:, at 0.5 to 3 kg (1.1 to 6.6 lb) and 13 to 20 cm (5.1 to 7.9 in). All healthy dogs, regardless of their size and type, have an identical 4359: 988: 14578: 9173: 12062: 11446: 10969: 9233: 8636: 6919:

Heidenberger E, Unshelm J (February 1990). "Verhaltensänderungen von Hunden nach Kastration" [Changes in the behavior of dogs after castration].

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on the dorsal surface of their tails; in some breeds, it may be vestigial or absent. The enlargement of the violet gland in the tail, which can create a

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services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, pointed to significantly less

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than those who do not own dogs. Studies have found a small to moderate correlation between dog-ownership and increased adult physical-activity levels.

2009:, which can also result in a congenitally short (bobtail) tail. Tail docking is opposed by many veterinary and animal welfare organistions such as the 11777: 1754:

Compared to the dog's wolf-like ancestors, selective breeding since domestication has seen the dog's skeleton larger in size for larger types such as

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Oh M, Jackson J (February 2011). "Animal Rights vs. Cultural Rights: Exploring the Dog Meat Debate in South Korea from a World Polity Perspective".

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to treatment and their outcomes. Genes found in humans to be responsible for disorders are investigated in dogs as being the cause and vice versa.

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of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse

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Tami G, Gallagher A (September 2009). "Description of the behaviour of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) by experienced and inexperienced people".

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who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, knowledge, and skill-objectives and decreased

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show that all ancient and modern dogs share a common ancestry and descended from an ancient, extinct wolf population that was distinct from any

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Roccaro M, Salini R, Pietra M, Sgorbini M, Gori E, Dondi M, et al. (2024). "Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy".

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Artelle KA, Dumoulin LK, Reimchen TE (19 January 2010). "Behavioural responses of dogs to asymmetrical tail wagging of a robotic dog replica".

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animal poisoning hotline are due to oral exposure. The most common substances people report exposure to are: pharmaceuticals, toxic foods, and

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by humans. The skull, body, and limb proportions between breeds display more phenotypic diversity than can be found within the entire order of

9263: 6315: 4683: 3899:. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase smiling and laughing among people with 2764:

Most dogs can swim. In a study of 412 dogs, around 36.5% of the dogs could not swim; the other 63.5% were able to swim without a trainer in a

1457:) for the dingo. Wozencraft referred to the mtDNA study as one of the guides informing his decision. Mammalogists have noted the inclusion of 21860: 21847: 21690: 20011: 8606: 13881: 13248:

McNicholas J, Collis GM (2006). "Animals as social supports: Insights for understanding animal assisted therapy". In Fine, Aubrey H. (ed.).

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Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I

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Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1991 in Madrid, amended version of Annex II, Article 4 (number two)

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Winefield HR, Black A, Chur-Hansen A (2008). "Health effects of ownership of and attachment to companion animals in an older population".

12877: 4452: 9985: 9203: 7988:"Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD" 2628:

increased, litter size decreased and the percentage of stillborn puppies increased, thus indicating inbreeding depression. In a study of

2430:, usually lasting between 4 and 20 days. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles semiannually, during which the body prepares for 13915: 13503: 12315: 11595:"Assistance Dogs: Historic Patterns and Roles of Dogs Placed by ADI or IGDF Accredited Facilities and by Non-Accredited U.S. Facilities" 3223:

Individual Pacific islands whose maritime settlers did not bring dogs or where the dogs died out after original settlement, notably the

13459: 12028: 11186: 8468: 7880:"Structural variants in genes associated with human Williams-Beuren syndrome underlie stereotypical hypersociability in domestic dogs" 4578: 4125:

includes a dog, after the saint's mother dreamt of a dog springing from her womb and became pregnant shortly after that. As such, the

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Concannon P, Tsutsui T, Shille V (2001). "Embryo development, hormonal requirements and maternal responses during canine pregnancy".

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Headey B. (1999). "Health benefits and health cost savings due to pets: preliminary estimates from an Australian national survey".

12763: 12684: 5683: 2690: 10413: 9384: 4863: 1564:, but their status as dogs or wolves remains debated because considerable morphological diversity existed among wolves during the 21834: 21651: 20968: 13710: 12606: 11002: 9580: 2010: 14223: 13858: 12351: 14296: 12490: 9631: 6867: 5832: 4162:

states that this view is based on "pre-Islamic Arab mythology" and "a tradition falsely attributed to the Prophet". The Sunni

1933:. Some publications thought that dewclaws in wolves, who usually do not have dewclaws, were a sign of hybridization with dogs. 12270: 10435: 3107:

and are classified as having a high-starch diet. However, more like cats and less like other omnivores, dogs can only produce

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Wismer T (1 December 2013). "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Toxin Exposures for Pets". In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC (eds.).

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The keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. Pet-dog populations grew significantly after

22014: 12574: 11818: 10170:"Multiple Kagu Rhynochetos jubatus deaths caused by dog attacks at a high-altitude study site on Pic Ningua, New Caledonia" 9815:

Ortolani A, Vernooij H, Coppinger R (July 2009). "Ethiopian village dogs: Behavioural responses to a stranger's approach".

6782: 4005:, the goddess of healing and medicine, and her worshippers frequently dedicated small models of seated dogs to her. In the 2653:

Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to

1652:. Most breeds were derived from small numbers of founders within the last 200 years. Since then, dogs have undergone rapid 12944: 11970:

Bay-Petersen J (1983). "Competition for resources : the role of pig and dog in the Polynesian agricultural economy".

9285: 6457:"Mortality in North American Dogs from 1984 to 2004: An Investigation into Age-, Size-, and Breed-Related Causes of Death" 5903:

Ciucci P, Lucchini V, Boitani L, Randi E (December 2003). "Dewclaws in wolves as evidence of admixed ancestry with dogs".

5351:"Genomic Analyses Reveal the Influence of Geographic Origin, Migration, and Hybridization on Modern Dog Breed Development" 1670: 15110: 13183: 11333: 4811: 3716: 3446:

of their human guardians. Within the second half of the 20th century, the first dogs' social status major shift has been

2958:, similar to that of humans' brains. Most dogs also looked significantly longer at the face whose expression matched the 12468: 11693: 8147: 6223: 4061: 22009: 20607: 13827: 9653:

Hughes J, Macdonald DW (January 2013). "A review of the interactions between free-roaming domestic dogs and wildlife".

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spp. with taxonomic ambiguity: Workshop conclusions and recommendations. CIBIO. Vairão, Portugal, 28th – 30th May 2019"

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increased. In the 1980s, there have been changes in the pet dog's functions, such as the increased role of dogs in the

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indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to affect the

2140: 1967: 12090: 11477: 5504: 16480: 13318:"The Pet Factor – Companion Animals as a Conduit for Getting to Know People, Friendship Formation and Social Support" 10771: 10054: 7085: 6439: 6414: 5979: 2538: 2466:, and after seven to eight more days, a heartbeat is detectable. Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after 1424:

breeds having developed at a time when human communities were more isolated from each other. In the third edition of

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Eddy J, Hart LA, Boltz RP (1988). "The effects of service dogs on social acknowledgments of people in wheelchairs".

11888: 11571: 6009: 4323: 3782:, with 59.6% of the deaths in Asia and 36.4% in Africa. Rabies is a disease for which dogs are the most significant 21899: 9409:

Nagasawa M, Murai K, Mogi K, Kikusui T (2011). "Dogs can discriminate human smiling faces from blank expressions".

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Nganvongpanit K, Yano T (September 2012). "Side Effects in 412 Dogs from Swimming in a Chlorinated Swimming Pool".

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Gear R (2020). "Medical disorders of dogs and cats and their nursing". In Cooper B, Mullineaux E, Turner L (eds.).

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Leroy G (2011). "Genetic diversity, inbreeding and breeding practices in dogs: results from pedigree analyses".

1727:, at 50 to 79 kg (110 to 174 lb) and 71 to 81 cm (28 to 32 in), to one of the smallest, the 1472:/Species Survival Commission's Canid Specialist Group considered the dingo and the New Guinea singing dog to be 14705: 14153: 10961: 9225: 6390:

Dawson S, Cooper B (2020). "Principles of infection and immunity". In Cooper B, Mullineaux E, Turner L (eds.).

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Wayne RK, Ostrander EA (29 March 1999). "Origin, genetic diversity, and genome structure of the domestic dog".

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recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of

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are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them, no matter their size.

2707: 2648: 2014: 1685: 10007: 8628: 8314:"Effect of Swimming on Clinical Functional Parameters and Serum Biomarkers in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Dogs" 5245:"Dog10K: an international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes and health" 4251:

Thalmann O, Perri AR (2018). "Paleogenomic Inferences of Dog Domestication". In Lindqvist C, Rajora O (eds.).

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and others are acquired. Dogs can acquire upper respiratory tract diseases including diseases that affect the

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Bradshaw JW, Blackwell EJ, Casey RA (May 2009). "Dominance in domestic dogs—useful construct or bad habit?".

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Lord K, Feinstein M, Smith B, Coppinger R (2013). "Variation in reproductive traits of members of the genus

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Welch S, Almgren C (1 December 2013). "Toxin Exposures in Small Animals". In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC (eds.).

5932:"A first exploratory comparison of the behaviour of wolves (Canis lupus) and wolf-dog hybrids in captivity" 2006: 1740: 11747: 8035: 3691:

in most parts of the world; debates have ensued over banning the consumption of dog meat. Emperors of the

2954:(fMRI) has shown that dogs respond to both vocal and nonvocal voices using the brain's region towards the 1347:

Cladogram and divergence of the gray wolf (including the domestic dog) among its closest extant relatives

21769: 21664: 21638: 21335: 20961: 19033: 16236: 14924: 13986: 12897: 12895: 3924: 3765: 3447: 2617: 2204: 2144: 2096: 1426: 7414:[Influence of inbreeding on litter size and the proportion of stillborn puppies in dachshunds]. 6193: 21932: 21760: 20858: 20822: 20498: 20154: 14795: 14636: 14573: 14289: 13652: 12033: 9791: 8813:"Canine sense of quantity: evidence for numerical ratio-dependent activation in parietotemporal cortex" 7076:

Kutzler MA (1 December 2013). "Early Age Neutering in Dogs and Cats". In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC (eds.).

6253: 5292:

Gojobori J, Arakawa N, Xiaokaiti X, Matsumoto Y, Matsumura S, Hongo H, et al. (23 February 2024).

5118:

Gojobori J, Arakawa N, Xiaokaiti X, Matsumoto Y, Matsumura S, Hongo H, et al. (23 February 2024).

2732: 2620:), it was found that inbreeding decreases litter size and survival. Another analysis of data on 42,855 21904: 18520: 14213: 12892: 12785: 10375: 7129:"Long-Term Health Effects of Neutering Dogs: Comparison of Labrador Retrievers with Golden Retrievers" 6999:

Johnston S, Kamolpatana K, Root-Kustritz M, Johnston G (July 2000). "Prostatic disorders in the dog".

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Fisher M, McGarry J (2020). "Principles of parasitology". In Cooper B, Mullineaux E, Turner L (eds.).

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Jackson SM, Groves CP, Fleming PJ, Aplin KP, Eldridge MD, Gonzalez A, et al. (4 September 2017).

21705: 20627: 17359: 14167: 13658: 8693: 6647:

Montoya M, Morrison JA, Arrignon F, Spofford N, Charles H, Hours MA, et al. (21 February 2023).

3787: 3775: 3741: 2999:, it is estimated that three-quarters of the world's dog population lives in the developing world as 2852: 2116: 1812: 1434: 1397:. Linnaeus considered the dog to be a separate species from the wolf because of its upturning tail ( 20417: 20312: 19051: 17341: 17069: 17036: 17012: 16833: 16085: 15018: 14897: 14767: 13762: 9255: 6279: 4668: 3479:

shows an equal number of male and female pet dogs; less than one-fifth of the owned dogs come from

3464: 3443: 3344: 2678: 2670: 2088: 1527: 21682: 14199: 14114: 13154:

Christian HE, Westgarth C, Bauman A, Richards EA, Rhodes RE, Evenson KR, et al. (July 2013).

10870: 10618:

Matisoo-Smith E (February 2015). "Ancient DNA and the human settlement of the Pacific: A review".

9845:

Lescureux N, Linnell JD (March 2014). "Warring brothers: The complex interactions between wolves (

8598: 5243:

Ostrander EA, Wang GD, Larson G, vonHoldt BM, Davis BW, Jagannathan V, et al. (1 July 2019).

4713:

Perri AR, Feuerborn TR, Frantz LA, Larson G, Malhi RS, Meltzer DJ, et al. (9 February 2021).

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Podberscek A (2006). "Positive and Negative Aspects of Our Relationship with Companion Animals".

7878:

vonHoldt BM, Shuldiner E, Koch IJ, Kartzinel RY, Hogan A, Brubaker L, et al. (7 July 2017).

5349:

Parker HG, Dreger DL, Rimbault M, Davis BW, Mullen AB, Carpintero-Ramirez G, et al. (2017).

5061:

Bergström A, Frantz L, Schmidt R, Ersmark E, Lebrasseur O, Girdland-Flink L, et al. (2020).

3849: 3823: 3573: 3569: 3459: 2164: 1605: 1441:

its wild subspecies and proposed two additional subspecies, which formed the domestic dog clade:

407: 193: 21891: 12630:"Capnocytophaga canimorsus Mycotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Why the Mailman Is Afraid of Dogs" 10694: 10109:

Doherty TS, Glen AS, Nimmo DG, Ritchie EG, Dickman CR (16 September 2016). Simberloff DS (ed.).

8568: 2351:

a common pesticide for snails and slugs typically causes severe outcomes when ingested by dogs.

1282: 1243: 22019: 21999: 21826: 21578: 21541: 21249: 21001: 20954: 20303: 20055: 19868: 19744: 19356: 19338: 19166: 18860: 18851: 18493: 17231: 16023: 15044: 14785: 14358: 13623: 12865: 12375:"Dog Meat Trade in South Korea: A Report on the State of the Trade and Efforts to Eliminate It" 12311: 10790:

current studies seem to suggest dog as predator or scavenger needed a food source and shelter.

9561:"Is Wildlife Going to the Dogs? Impacts of Feral and Free-roaming Dogs on Wildlife Populations" 5740:

Kokocińska-Kusiak A, Woszczyło M, Zybala M, Maciocha J, Barłowska K, Dzięcioł M (August 2021).

5572: 4469:

Koepfli KP, Pollinger J, Godinho R, Robinson J, Lea A, Hendricks S, et al. (August 2015).

4446: 4331: 3934: 3900: 3864: 2625: 2289: 2148: 1421: 1302: 1211: 989:

Canis lupus dingo § Taxonomic debate – the domestic dog, dingo, and New Guinea singing dog

901: 396: 39: 35: 11946: 11857: 10669: 9969: 9195: 7986:

Sulkama S, Puurunen J, Salonen M, Mikkola S, Hakanen E, Araujo C, et al. (October 2021).

7740:"Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication" 7681:"Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication" 6073:"Seeing Left- or Right-Asymmetric Tail Wagging Produces Different Emotional Responses in Dogs" 4356: 3182:

As a domesticated or semi-domesticated animal, the dog has notable exceptions of presence in:

2835:

One study of canine cognitive abilities found that dogs' capabilities are similar to those of

2434:. At the peak of the cycle, females will become estrous, mentally and physically receptive to 1785:

between types. The three basic skull shapes are the elongated dolichocephalic type as seen in

1147: 1115: 1083: 21886: 21300: 20977: 20912: 20813: 20480: 19735: 19717: 19708: 19699: 19184: 19175: 18547: 17317: 17308: 17299: 17248: 17186: 17168: 17159: 17096: 17045: 16883: 16874: 15311: 14892: 14830: 14790: 14750: 14712: 14599: 14282: 13925: 13487: 12346: 10708: 10466: 10247: 9689: 6367: 3998: 3908: 3853: 3508: 3454:

although some state that it is an ambivalent relationship. Some dog-trainers have promoted a

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living in the human environment. In 2013, the estimated global dog population was between 700

2703: 2654: 2581: 2324: 1653: 1532:

The earliest remains generally accepted to be those of a domesticated dog were discovered in

1496: 1364: 1179: 1063: 968: 344: 146: 21878: 21718: 18502: 18398: 13451: 10713:

The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australia

5632:

Hart V, Nováková P, Malkemper EP, Begall S, Hanzal V, Ježek M, et al. (December 2013).

4541: 4535: 4531: 4471:"Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species" 3733:, or the body's 'vital energy'. Dogs are not as widely consumed as beef, pork, and chicken. 1781:

The dog's skull has identical components regardless of breed type, but there is significant

21599: 21573: 20876: 20321: 20222: 20181: 19895: 19406: 19134: 18460: 17525: 17275: 17266: 17222: 17177: 16800: 16306: 16041: 15867: 14950: 14619: 14614: 13909: 13329: 12280: 11912:"47 dogs seized as police bust dog meat ring in southern Vietnam - VnExpress International" 11174: 10931: 10627: 10279:"Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals" 10277:

Pajic P, Pavlidis P, Dean K, Neznanova L, Romano RA, Garneau D, et al. (14 May 2019).

10122: 10083: 9900:

Kojola I, Ronkainen S, Hakala A, Heikkinen S, Kokko S (2004). "Interactions between wolves

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Lord K, Schneider RA, Coppinger R (2016). "Evolution of Working Dogs". In Serpell J (ed.).

7751: 7692: 7550: 7140: 6787: 6711: 6088: 6044: 5588: 5577:"Cryptochrome 1 in Retinal Cone Photoreceptors Suggests a Novel Functional Role in Mammals" 5545: 5305: 5188: 5131: 4785: 4726: 4482: 4387: 4130: 3951: 3868: 3745: 3673: 3544: 3455: 3403: 3296: 3123: 2959: 2825: 2593: 2522: 1676: 1657: 1571:

This timing indicates that the dog was the first species to be domesticated in the time of

1549: 976: 184: 31: 11447:"AFTEREFFECTS: CHEMICAL WEAPONS; Dogs Take Their Place in Arsenal Against Chemical Attack" 3752:

passed a law banning the distribution and sale of dog meat; it is to take effect in 2027.

8: 21989: 21462: 21279: 21181: 21151: 20931: 20561: 20507: 20279: 19726: 19612: 19594: 19439: 19288: 19193: 18443: 18389: 18138: 17880: 17871: 17135: 16408: 16390: 16245: 16094: 15597: 14985: 14975: 14321: 14261: 14244: 11275:

Mech LD (November 1999). "Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs".

8766:

Sluka CM, Stanko K, Campbell A, Cáceres J, Panoz-Brown D, Wheeler A, et al. (2018).

4968: 4951: 4319: 4159: 4093: 4006: 3769: 3531:; as dogs who assist fishermen retrieve their nets; and as dogs that pull loads (such as 2955: 2447: 2431: 2407: 2397: 2132: 1641: 1416:(mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated from the grey wolf, with the 1298: 1278: 227: 21774: 17631: 13333: 13250:

Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice

12759: 10935: 10838: 10803: 10631: 10126: 10087: 9866: 9666: 9362: 9120: 9059: 8975: 8877: 8445: 8418: 8213: 8194: 8178: 8093: 8066: 7963: 7936: 7895: 7755: 7696: 7554: 7412:"Einfluss von Inzucht auf die Wurfgröße und den Anteil tot geborener Welpen beim Dackel" 7144: 6732: 6715: 6699: 6092: 5956: 5931: 5592: 5326: 5309: 5294:"Japanese wolves are most closely related to dogs and share DNA with East Eurasian dogs" 5293: 5192: 5152: 5135: 5120:"Japanese wolves are most closely related to dogs and share DNA with East Eurasian dogs" 5119: 4789: 4730: 4486: 4391: 3056:, which lacked indigenous land-based mammals before human settlement. Dogs have made 11 2966:

shows that dogs tend to respond more positively to social rewards than to food rewards.

2021:

showed that around 500 dogs would need to have their tail docked to prevent one injury.

21397: 21376: 21310: 21234: 21224: 20991: 20885: 20376: 19603: 19125: 18815: 18538: 18511: 17774: 17516: 17368: 16471: 16363: 16263: 16203: 15588: 15524: 15201: 15096: 14980: 14945: 14877: 14553: 14157: 13427: 13352: 13317: 13298: 13230: 13096: 13071: 13049: 13011: 12976: 12928: 12903: 12846: 12735: 12710: 12654: 12629: 12598: 11621: 11594: 11084: 11057: 10687: 10405: 10350: 10323: 10305: 10278: 10253:

Grab Life by the Leash: A Guide to Bringing Up and Bonding with Your Four-Legged Friend

10251: 10145: 10110: 9925: 9762: 9623: 9533: 9508: 9484: 9455: 9436: 9343: 9139: 9102: 9078: 9046: 9041: 8997: 8940: 8896: 8861: 8837: 8812: 8743: 8718: 8543: 8391: 8364: 8340: 8313: 8262: 8237: 8012: 7987: 7935:

González-Martínez Á, Muñiz de Miguel S, Graña N, Costas X, Diéguez FJ (13 March 2023).

7912: 7879: 7774: 7739: 7715: 7680: 7621: 7573: 7538: 7514: 7489: 7315:

Bernstein H, Hopf FA, Michod RE (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex".

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McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (February 2024).

6675: 6648: 6596: 6561: 5776: 5741: 5660: 5633: 5609: 5576: 5379: 5350: 5269: 5244: 5211: 5176: 5100: 5087: 5062: 4981: 4916: 4889: 4837: 4749: 4714: 4590: 4419: 3885: 3591: 3516: 3198: 2996: 2933: 2856: 2768:. A study of 55 dogs found a correlation between swimming and 'improvement' of the hip 2666: 2498: 2459: 2305: 2176: 2112: 2084: 2029: 2005:

to avoid injuries. Some dogs can be born without tails because of a DNA variant in the

1981:

Dogs can injure themselves by wagging their tails forcefully; this condition is called

1850: 1484: 971:

has been a topic of frequent study. This influence on human society has given them the

369: 244: 13706: 13316:

Wood L, Martin K, Christian H, Nathan A, Lauritsen C, Houghton S, et al. (2015).

13132: 11175:"Loving….Whatever: Alienation, Neoliberalism and Pet-Love in the Twenty-First Century" 10994: 8984: 8960:"A simple reason for a big difference: wolves do not look back at humans, but dogs do" 8959: 7324: 7008: 5742:"Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications" 3744:

passed a bill banning restaurants that sell dog meat from doing so during that year's

3740:, which is a breed that has not been recognized by international bodies. In 2018, the 3174:. These nutritional requirements place dogs halfway between carnivores and omnivores. 1815:. Dogs prefer to defecate with their spines aligned in a north-south position in calm 155: 21873: 21782: 21713: 21586: 21506: 21244: 21166: 21076: 21021: 21006: 20894: 20742: 20255: 20172: 19952: 19448: 19415: 18339: 17846: 17568: 17350: 17204: 17078: 16962: 16315: 16145: 16103: 16050: 15830: 15812: 15570: 15073: 14965: 14847: 14740: 14380: 14220: 14181: 14171: 14139: 14118: 14089: 14061: 14039: 14020: 14012: 14000: 13990: 13957: 13768: 13631: 13584: 13545: 13493: 13431: 13398: 13376: 13357: 13290: 13253: 13222: 13218: 13175: 13136: 13101: 13053: 12968: 12933: 12838: 12740: 12659: 12564: 12443: 12341: 12275: 11950: 11847: 11667: 11626: 11563: 11425: 11255: 11224: 11210:"Mythologies and Commodifications of Dominion in The Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan" 11114: 11089: 11036: 11029: 10874: 10843: 10825: 10767: 10643: 10544: 10474: 10355: 10310: 10257: 10216: 10206: 10169: 10150: 10050: 9975: 9948: 9795: 9781: 9754: 9697: 9538: 9489: 9428: 9376: 9344:"Voice-Sensitive Regions in the Dog and Human Brain Are Revealed by Comparative fMRI" 9144: 9083: 9020: 8989: 8901: 8842: 8793: 8748: 8697: 8547: 8450: 8396: 8345: 8267: 8218: 8098: 8017: 7968: 7917: 7858: 7827: 7779: 7720: 7652: 7625: 7613: 7578: 7519: 7470: 7423: 7380: 7338: 7328: 7289: 7254: 7219: 7211: 7176: 7158: 7081: 7053: 7012: 6981: 6951: 6928: 6823: 6737: 6680: 6624: 6601: 6583: 6539: 6531: 6486: 6478: 6435: 6410: 6307: 6299: 6145: 6106: 5961: 5781: 5763: 5720: 5714: 5665: 5614: 5551: 5384: 5331: 5274: 5216: 5157: 5104: 5092: 5028: 4973: 4921: 4853: 4754: 4582: 4545: 4500: 4411: 4403: 4347: 4337: 4264: 4065: 3791: 2992: 2880: 2866:

by engaging in deception. Another experimental study showed evidence that Australian

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over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

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Walther S, Yamamoto M, Thigpen AP, Garcia A, Willits NH, Hart LA (19 January 2017).

9929: 9560: 9440: 9001: 8944: 6871: 6517: 6473: 6456: 5836: 5177:"Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography" 4985: 3316:

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty international agreement

3083: 1766:

has been selectively used for some types where short legs are advantageous, such as

1715: 21591: 21489: 21433: 21330: 21320: 21295: 21146: 21036: 20534: 20367: 19645: 19075: 18365: 18147: 17897: 17087: 16986: 16770: 16761: 16345: 16136: 16127: 15921: 15912: 15470: 15003: 14842: 14762: 14511: 14470: 14326: 14110: 13602: 13572: 13423: 13347: 13337: 13286: 13282: 13214: 13167: 13128: 13091: 13083: 13072:"Beneficial Effects of Pet Ownership on Some Aspects of Human Health and Behaviour" 13041: 13003: 12960: 12923: 12915: 12828: 12730: 12722: 12649: 12641: 12556: 12417: 12218: 12161: 11979: 11657: 11616: 11606: 11555: 11417: 11394: 11311: 11284: 11232: 11150: 11079: 11069: 10939: 10903: 10866: 10833: 10815: 10635: 10577: 10519: 10345: 10335: 10300: 10290: 10181: 10140: 10130: 10091: 10042: 9917: 9870: 9828: 9824: 9787: 9766: 9746: 9670: 9615: 9603: 9572: 9528: 9520: 9479: 9469: 9420: 9411: 9366: 9328: 9324: 9134: 9124: 9073: 9063: 8979: 8932: 8891: 8881: 8832: 8824: 8783: 8738: 8730: 8539: 8440: 8430: 8386: 8376: 8363:

Rossi L, Valdez Lumbreras AE, Vagni S, Dell'Anno M, Bontempo V (15 November 2021).

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vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as

924: 893: 131: 21787: 12645: 12374: 11542:

Audrestch HM, Whelan CT, Grice D, Asher L, England GC, Freeman SL (October 2015).

8936: 7505: 7301: 7207: 5872:"Anxiety and impulsivity: Factors associated with premature graying in young dogs" 5428: 4293:(in Latin) (10 ed.). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. pp. 38–40. 2458:

contracting; the male will continue ejaculating until they untie naturally due to

21984: 21745: 21564: 21381: 21366: 21340: 21305: 21274: 21239: 21086: 20831: 20552: 20543: 20471: 20426: 20088: 20038: 20029: 19904: 19850: 19794: 19663: 19636: 19529: 19347: 19306: 19271: 19016: 18079: 17792: 17759: 17750: 17257: 16995: 16444: 15894: 15821: 15779: 15515: 15320: 15254: 15231: 14722: 14227: 14161: 14133: 14104: 13850: 13594: 13342: 12683:. Northwest Territories Health and Social Services. 25 March 2009. Archived from 12421: 12236: 11916:

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Dogs are extremely variable in size, ranging from one of the largest breeds, the

1572: 1561: 952: 897: 21852: 13954:

The dog: the most complete, illustrated, practical guide to dogs and their world

13681:"Indian Myth and Legend: Chapter III: Yama, the First Man, and King of the Dead" 13680: 13577:

The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World

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Aulet LS, Chiu VC, Prichard A, Spivak M, Lourenco SF, Berns GS (December 2019).

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Lewis TW, Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O'Neill DG (17 October 2018).

4836:

Irving-Pease EK, Ryan H, Jamieson A, Dimopoulos EA, Larson G, Frantz LA (2018).

3884:, which can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases (according to the 3700: 1802: 1632:

Dogs are the most variable mammal on earth, with around 450 globally recognized

21525: 21512: 21467: 21412: 21371: 21264: 20996: 20903: 20733: 20724: 20525: 20444: 20246: 19993: 19886: 19859: 18912: 18529: 18129: 17993: 17676: 17213: 17195: 17126: 16737: 16728: 16330: 16291: 15245: 15157: 15008: 14594: 14568: 13949: 13087: 12815:

Chiodo P, Basualdo J, Ciarmela L, Pezzani B, Apezteguía M, Minvielle M (2006).

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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Barber AL, Wilkinson A, Montealegre-Z F, Ratcliffe VF, Guo K, Mills DS (2020).

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A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities: Mythology, Religion, Literature and Art

13155: 13045: 13007: 12964: 12919: 12222: 12165: 11662: 11645: 11398: 11154: 11058:"Public Perceptions of Service Dogs, Emotional Support Dogs, and Therapy Dogs" 10907: 10524: 10507: 10185: 9424: 9371: 8788: 8767: 8734: 8065:

Fan Z, Bian Z, Huang H, Liu T, Ren R, Chen X, et al. (21 February 2023).

7764: 7705: 7048: 7031: 6757:"Heat in Pet Dogs & Cats, Estrus Cycle & False Pregnancy – DawgieBowl" 6578: 6141: 6101: 6072: 5024: 4797: 4773: 4626: 4609: 4495: 4470: 1751:; and the shoulders are unattached to the skeleton, allowing for flexibility. 967:. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the 21979: 21968: 21958: 21946: 21439: 21361: 21345: 21229: 21196: 21096: 21061: 21051: 20849: 20764: 20489: 20385: 20358: 19984: 19682: 19627: 19149: 19093: 18834: 18475: 17930: 17492: 16657: 16624: 16426: 16417: 16354: 16254: 16212: 16064: 15657: 15067: 15049: 15013: 14970: 14920: 14670: 14665: 14185: 14004: 13568: 12726: 12460: 11685: 11611: 11228: 10829: 10220: 10014:. IUCN Species Survival Commission Hyaenidae Specialist Group. Archived from 8177:

Vetter SG, Rangheard L, Schaidl L, Kotrschal K, Range F (13 September 2023).

7215: 7162: 6587: 6535: 6482: 6303: 5833:"Dog Senses - A Dog's Sense of Touch Compared to Humans | Puppy And Dog Care" 5817: 5767: 4407: 4327: 4163: 4122: 4009:

and Neo-Babylonian periods, dogs served as emblems of magical protection. In

3955: 3661: 3512: 3407: 3284: 3252: 3155: 3066: 3046: 2829: 2765: 2601: 2510: 2467: 2419: 2382: 2362: 2358: 2357:

is the most common cause of death for dogs. Other common causes of death are

2297: 2269: 2160: 2120: 2108: 2076: 2018: 2002: 1842: 1637: 1609: 1576: 1537: 1514: 1480: 1386: 1354: 1175: 360: 88: 17114: 16926: 13819: 13606: 11999:"World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2005" 11236: 10135: 10046: 9783:

Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution

9576: 9129: 8298: 7609: 7101: 6756: 5650: 5429:"Chihuahua dog | Description, Temperament, Images, & Facts | Britannica" 5201: 5078: 4739: 4610:"The Wayward Dog: Is the Australian native dog or Dingo a distinct species?" 4351: 2871:

version of the same problem look at humans, while socialized wolves do not.

2780: 2315:. Most poisonings are accidental and over 80% of reports of exposure to the 21941: 21643: 21483: 21161: 21156: 21126: 21116: 21106: 21091: 21031: 20867: 20804: 20706: 20516: 20462: 20163: 19931: 19877: 19654: 19553: 19108: 19084: 18903: 18894: 18714: 18681: 18604: 18565: 17975: 17957: 17819: 17691: 17150: 16551: 16514: 16399: 16381: 15794: 15740: 15666: 15344: 15088: 14995: 14935: 14837: 14815: 14745: 14732: 14675: 14655: 14535: 14494: 14397: 14343: 13598: 13361: 13179: 12972: 12937: 12864:

Talaizadeh AH, Maraghi S, Jelowdar A, Peyvasteh M (October–December 2007).

12842: 12663: 11671: 11630: 11567: 11093: 11074: 10847: 10647: 10359: 10314: 10154: 9758: 9690:"Ch.1-The dog–human–wildlife interface: assessing the scope of the problem" 9559:

Young JK, Olson KA, Reading RP, Amgalanbaatar S, Berger J (February 2011).

9542: 9493: 9474: 9432: 9380: 9148: 9087: 8993: 8905: 8846: 8828: 8797: 8752: 8454: 8400: 8365:"Nutritional and Functional Properties of Colostrum in Puppies and Kittens" 8349: 8271: 8222: 8102: 8083: 8021: 7972: 7934: 7921: 7903: 7831: 7783: 7724: 7617: 7582: 7523: 7474: 7427: 7384: 7293: 7272:

Charlesworth D, Willis JH (2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression".

7258: 7223: 7180: 7057: 7016: 6827: 6741: 6684: 6605: 6543: 6490: 6311: 6149: 6110: 5965: 5785: 5669: 5618: 5496: 5403:"Great Dane | Description, Temperament, Lifespan, & Facts | Britannica" 5388: 5355: 5335: 5278: 5220: 5161: 5096: 5032: 4977: 4925: 4806: 4758: 4586: 4504: 4415: 4178:– the species (or subspecies) as a whole, also any male member of the same. 4137:) means "dog of the Lord" or "hound of the Lord". In Christian folklore, a 4114: 3978: 3811: 3696: 3681: 3660:

million dogs killed every year for human consumption—a figure derived from

3554: 3528: 3504: 3435: 3272: 3100: 2947: 2724: 2642: 2597: 2530: 2494: 2435: 2320: 2281: 2128: 2052: 1955: 1930: 1588: 1111: 877: 213: 13489:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

13294: 13226: 13171: 13140: 13105: 12744: 11983: 11385:

Fenton V (August 1992). "The use of dogs in search, rescue and recovery".

10820: 9524: 8958:

Miklósi A, Kubinyi E, Topál J, Gácsi M, Virányi Z, Csányi V (April 2003).

8330: 7854: 7342: 6985: 6932: 5801:"A comparison of hearing and auditory functioning between dogs and humans" 4849: 4260: 4141:

often takes the form of a black dog to guard Christian churches and their

4077: 3614:, a dog sport involving pulling weight, has been criticized for promoting 1587:

The dog is a classic example of a domestic animal that likely travelled a

21808: 21754: 21677: 21445: 21254: 21191: 21186: 21176: 21171: 21136: 21131: 21111: 21101: 21071: 21046: 21026: 21016: 20795: 20773: 20715: 20697: 20130: 19321: 19238: 19211: 18960: 18874: 18806: 18732: 18723: 18690: 18648: 18613: 18330: 18223: 18055: 17595: 17507: 17415: 17060: 16633: 16453: 16118: 16032: 16015: 15992: 15955: 15839: 15803: 15648: 15437: 15292: 15171: 15077: 14930: 14902: 14882: 14852: 14825: 14810: 14800: 14631: 14609: 14429: 14370: 14348: 14249: 14053: 12902:

McNicholas J, Gilbey A, Rennie A, Ahmedzai S, Dono JA, Ormerod E (2005).

12817:"Related factors to human toxocariasis in a rural community of Argentina" 12337: 12209:

Li PJ, Sun J, Yu D (20 October 2017). "Dog 'Meat' Consumption in China".

11880: 11543: 10920: 10508:"The first settlement of Remote Oceania: The Philippines to the Marianas" 9921: 8719:"In what sense are dogs special? Canine cognition in comparative context" 8435: 7358:"Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds" 5260: 4890:"How Much Is That in Dog Years? The Advent of Canine Population Genomics" 4579:

10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199903)21:3<247::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-Z

4158:

is mixed, with some schools of thought viewing them as unclean, although

4138: 3990: 3872: 3795: 3692: 3665: 3653: 3603: 3565: 3500: 3375: 3371: 3360: 3236: 3217: 3206: 3053: 2932:

gustatory communication (scents, pheromones, and taste). Dogs mark their

2736: 2674: 2629: 2490: 2443: 2348: 1998: 1900: 1705: 1560:. Earlier remains dating back to 30,000 years ago have been described as 1431: 964: 960: 936: 932: 63: 14017:

The domestic dog: its evolution, behaviour, and interactions with people

13391: 12560: 10340: 10295: 8381: 7953: 6998: 6526: 5758: 5739: 4399: 1556:

powder and buried under large, thick basalt blocks. The dog had died of

21800: 21630: 21407: 21325: 21259: 21066: 21056: 21041: 21011: 20339: 19585: 19516: 19503: 19470: 19256: 18994: 18754: 18302: 18279: 18165: 18156: 18105: 18070: 18046: 17810: 17709: 17658: 17604: 17586: 17559: 17466: 17416: 16815: 16788: 16716: 16699: 16462: 16435: 16281: 16185: 16169: 16005: 15885: 15725: 15561: 15428: 15220: 15188: 15172: 14912: 14887: 14700: 14645: 14451: 14336: 14209:

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) – World Canine Organisation

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Feldman EC, Nelson RW, Reusch C, Scott-Moncrieff JC (8 December 2014).

6084: 6071:

Siniscalchi M, Lusito R, Vallortigara G, Quaranta A (31 October 2013).

4636: 4537:

The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People

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Dogs are the companion animal most frequently reported for exposure to

2223: 2172: 2048: 2042: 1951: 1892: 1862: 1823: 1786: 1724: 1645: 1633: 1506: 948: 108: 73: 12342:"The Politics of Dog – When globalization and culinary practice clash" 9604:"Population and Social Biology of Free-Ranging Dogs, Canis familiaris" 9454:

Albuquerque N, Guo K, Wilkinson A, Savalli C, Otta E, Mills D (2016).

8312:

Nganvongpanit K, Tanvisut S, Yano T, Kongtawelert P (9 January 2014).

7847:

The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People

7823: 5634:"Dogs are sensitive to small variations of the Earth's magnetic field" 5600: 3695:(581–618) in China attempted to outlaw dog-meat consumption, with the 3314:. Starting practice in December 1993, dogs were later outlawed by the 2388:

approximately a year and a half less than dogs with a healthy weight.

1774:. Most dogs naturally have 26 vertebrae in their tails, but some with 21813: 21612: 21121: 20657: 20270: 20205: 19818: 19758: 19544: 19365: 18980: 18972: 18921: 18771: 18657: 18639: 18353: 18187: 18020: 17862: 17828: 17640: 17332: 16606: 16076: 15552: 15120: 14872: 14695: 14680: 14660: 14604: 14545: 14480: 14439: 14417: 14402: 14363: 14076: 13736:""Hounds of the Lord": The Little-Known Meaning of the Dominican Dog" 13567: 12555:, WHO Technical Report Series, 931, World Health Organization, 2018, 11998: 10376:"The Essentials of Canine Nutrition: Amino Acids and Other Nutrients" 9101:

Kaminski J, Waller BM, Diogo R, Hartstone-Rose A, Burrows AM (2019).

8311: 7596:

Tomasello M, Kaminski J (4 September 2009). "Like Infant, Like Dog".

6649:"Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data" 6295: 6070: 5798: 4146: 4096:, which each have four eyes—they are said to watch over the gates of 3994: 3982: 3881: 3807: 3723: 3669: 3649: 3561: 3549: 3422: 3383: 3352: 3264: 3159: 3135: 3116: 3108: 3008: 2980: 2821: 2789: 2694: 2658: 2621: 2518: 2505:, especially in male dogs. Spayed bitches are less likely to develop 2486: 2471: 2366: 2354: 2344: 2208: 2200: 2168: 2092: 1963: 1896: 1767: 1739:

on the neck and back have extensions for back muscles, consisting of

1691: 1661: 1649: 1621: 1597: 1473: 1058: 972: 944: 928: 301: 261: 175: 113: 57: 21535: 11288: 10989: 10987: 9619: 8253: 7285: 5916: 4196:– a young member of the species (or subspecies) under 12 months old. 3843:"the health of elderly people is related to their health habits and 21739: 21617: 21558: 21315: 21141: 20921: 20645: 19967: 19430: 19247: 19223: 18584: 18434: 18380: 18316: 18311: 18264: 18196: 18114: 17984: 17733: 17724: 17622: 17577: 17457: 17290: 17027: 16936: 16905: 16865: 16752: 16684: 16592: 16583: 15903: 15699: 15452: 15335: 15302: 15151: 15139: 14960: 14955: 14940: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14820: 14805: 14717: 14690: 14475: 14444: 14313: 12240: 11421: 11055: 10015: 7490:"Behavioural biologists do not agree on what constitutes behaviour" 6700:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death" 4107: 4033: 4002: 3974: 3943: 3912: 3819: 3761: 3737: 3627: 3599: 3585: 3532: 3496: 3379: 3348: 3311: 3276: 3213: 3131: 3096: 3078: 2938: 2698: 2564:

Neutering is less common in most European countries, especially in

2542: 2277: 2257: 2243: 2239: 2196: 2184: 2180: 2156: 2124: 2024: 1971: 1954:'s scent through the tail's position and movement. Dogs can have a 1946: 1882: 1763: 1736: 1732: 1627: 1553: 1545: 1510: 1501: 940: 281: 103: 98: 83: 78: 68: 13205:

Wilson CC (August 1991). "The pet as an anxiolytic intervention".

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Eat not this flesh: food avoidances from prehistory to the present

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

3970: 3684:, dog fat is reportedly believed to be beneficial for the lungs. 3641: 3268: 3256: 3240: 3143: 3112: 3052:

Dogs as introduced predator mammals have affected the ecology of

3034: 3030: 2328: 2235: 2080: 2060: 1921: 1904: 1869: 1759: 1755: 1601: 917: 905: 889: 311: 118: 93: 21604: 20946: 13153: 12091:"Fighting COVID in Kyrgyzstan: Dog fat, ginger and bloodletting" 11881:"7,000 Years of the Dog: A History of China's Canine Companions" 11717:"Critics divided on controversial sport of dog "weight-pulling"" 10543:. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin. Vol. 230. p. 29. 9509:"Awake canine fMRI predicts dogs' preference for praise vs food" 8599:"How Will the Male Dog React to the Newborn Puppies? | Cuteness" 7356:

Leroy G, Phocas F, Hedan B, Verrier E, Rognon X (January 2015).

6394:. British Small Animal Veterinary Association. pp. 172–186. 6356:. British Small Animal Veterinary Association. pp. 149–171. 6341:. British Small Animal Veterinary Association. pp. 532–597. 5719:. Internet Archive. New York : Free Press. pp. 50–81. 3701:

selling or slaughtering dogs for human consumption is prohibited

2402: 2347:

insecticides were the most common cause of pesticide poisoning.

204: 21269: 21219: 21081: 20651: 20639: 20453: 20400: 20145: 19833: 19567: 18287: 17948: 17783: 17540: 16977: 15749: 15675: 15624: 15606: 15579: 15500: 15362: 15145: 15133: 14528: 14434: 14407: 14353: 13156:"Dog Ownership and Physical Activity: A Review of the Evidence" 11846:(2 ed.). University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 208–212. 11809:"The legal and cultural implications of killing a dog for film" 11056:

Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Hellyer P, Cheung L, Kogan L (June 2017).

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Atkinson IA (2006). "Introduced Mammals in a New Environment".

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from school through sickness among children who live with pets.

3779: 3677: 3595: 3492: 3322:

Dogs shall not be introduced onto land, ice shelves or sea ice.

3167: 3147: 3104: 3026: 2728: 2506: 2463: 2339: 2261: 2056: 1888: 1835: 1807:

Dogs' senses include vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and

1465:

together under the "domestic dog" clade with some debating it.

1079: 913: 291: 271: 12901: 10566:"Prehistoric pig and dog remains from Fais Island, Micronesia" 9899: 9558: 9453: 9017:

How To Speak Dog: Mastering the Art of Dog-Human Communication

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7032:"Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats" 6559: 6194:"Paw Print Genetics - T Locus (Natural Bobtail) in the Poodle" 5930:

Amici F, Meacci S, Caray E, Oña L, Liebal K, Ciucci P (2024).

5524: 5522: 3402:. These roles in human society have earned them the nickname " 164: 21201: 20670: 20435: 20294: 20237: 20110: 19913: 19770: 19397: 19379: 19002: 18672: 17921: 17906: 16567: 15858: 15353: 14516: 14506: 14501: 14424: 12814: 10198: 9161: 9042:"Human attention affects facial expressions in domestic dogs" 7985: 7080:(15th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 982–984. 6277: 5060: 4663:

Alvares F, Bogdanowicz W, Campbell LA, Godinho R, Hatlauf J,

4188: 4155: 4081: 4053: 4041: 4018: 4014: 4010: 3962: 3947: 3688: 3645: 3637: 3560:

Various kinds of service dogs and assistance dogs, including

3536: 3491:

In addition to dogs' role as companion animals, dogs such as

3260: 3228: 3191: 3000: 2867: 2836: 2794: 2514: 2475: 2423: 2333: 2316: 2312: 1771: 1744: 1417: 1406: 1402: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1207: 909: 321: 11592: 9942: 6697: 6278:

Diesel G, Pfeiffer D, Crispin S, Brodbelt D (26 June 2010).

4771: 3736:

The primary dog breed raised for meat in South Korea is the

3099:. Compared to wolves, dogs from agricultural societies have 1811:. One study suggests that dogs can feel small variations in 20677: 20624: 19809: 18705: 18030: 17966: 15639: 15371: 15229: 14269: 14256: 12491:"South Korea parliament passes bill banning dog meat trade" 12461:"The Dog Meat Trade Is in Decline — but It's Far from Gone" 12241:"Wok The Dog – What's wrong with eating man's best friend?" 11996: 11508: 9728: 8423:

Animal Frontiers: The Review Magazine of Animal Agriculture

6503: 6434:(15th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 93–96. 6134:

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

5631: 5570: 5519: 5242: 4089: 3986: 3062: 2439: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2215: 1831: 1748: 1580: 1469: 1382: 881: 13397:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp. 203–215. 11644:

Dalziel DJ, Uthman BM, Mcgorray SP, Reep RL (March 2003).

10276: 9507:

Cook PF, Prichard A, Spivak M, Berns GS (12 August 2016).

8765: 8236:

Hart BL, Hart LA, Thigpen AP, Tran A, Bain MJ (May 2018).

5902: 5004:

Frantz LA, Bradley DG, Larson G, Orlando L (August 2020).

5003: 4712: 4044:. Dogs also feature in association with the Greek goddess 3190:, who were separated from Australia before the arrival of 1793:

to cut food into bite-sized chunks, more especially meat.

21953: 17548: 15876: 14375: 13315: 12950: 11945:. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. p. 11643: 11541: 10766:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Dog Ear Publishing. p. 46. 10073: 9814: 9039: 7849:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 42–66. 7127:

Hart BL, Hart LA, Thigpen AP, Willits NH (14 July 2014).

7104:. American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 6896:. The Humane Society of the United States. Archived from 6280:"Risk factors for tail injuries in dogs in Great Britain" 5851: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5348: 4952:"Deciphering the Origin of Dogs: From Fossils to Genomes" 4607: 4255:. Population Genomics. Springer, Cham. pp. 273–306. 3395: 2844: 2559:

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

2462:. 14–16 days after ovulation, the embryo attaches to the 956: 13418:

Katcher AH, Wilkins GG (2006). "The Centaur's Lessons".

10505: 9408: 8957: 5980:"Study explores the mystery of why dogs wag their tails" 5869: 4774:"A new look at an old dog: Bonn-Oberkassel reconsidered" 4511: 2859:

both for numerical values from 1–3 to larger than four.

2501:(spay) in bitches. Neutering reduces problems caused by 2252:

is a notable genus with 5 species in which dogs are the

14274: 13542:

Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore

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compared with those not in an animal-assisted program.

3728: 2950:

patterns that convey different messages. A study using

2649:

Dog behavior § Behavior compared with other canids

30:"Doggy" and "Pooch" redirect here. For other uses, see 13252:. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 49–71. 12521:"Selling dog meat will soon be illegal in South Korea" 11301: 11207: 9342:

Andics A, Gácsi M, Faragó T, Kis A, Miklósi Á (2014).

7844: 7126: 7036:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

6813: 6454: 5468: 5451: 4216:– all of the puppies resulting from a single whelping. 4166:

jurists disagree with the idea that dogs are unclean.

2689:. In a 2023 study of 58 dogs, some dogs classified as 2669:

pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the

2661:, are parallel to children's social-cognitive skills. 21930: 14208: 14163:

Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History

14135:

The Dingo Debate: Origins, Behaviour and Conservation

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FOUR PAWS International - Animal Welfare Organisation

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Solovyov, Dmitry, Pearce, Tim, eds. (11 April 2008).

10041:. Ecological Studies. Vol. 186. pp. 49–66. 7487: 5006:"Animal domestication in the era of ancient genomics" 3903:. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and 3778:(WHO) reported that 59,000 people died globally from 3458:

of dog-human relationships. However, the idea of the

3355:. Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as 2470:, with an average of 63 days, although the length of 1612:

is closely related to the ancestor of domestic dogs.

18770: 16166: 13563: 13561: 13065: 13063: 12628:

Tierney DM, Strauss LP, Sanchez JL (February 2006).

11646:"Seizure-alert dogs: a review and preliminary study" 10804:"Being a Dog: A Review of the Domestication Process" 10731:"Did you know that dogs are banned from Antarctica?" 10693:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 9974:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 128. 9341: 8919:

Smith B, Litchfield C (2010). "How well do dingoes (

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Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition

3539:

became one of the first animals to be launched into

3033:

have also been known to attack dogs. In particular,

1743:, to connect to; the long ribs provide room for the 13848: 12088: 12063:"Polish couple accused of making dog meat delicacy" 11686:"Dog show | Description & History | Britannica" 10955: 10953: 8235: 7314: 6950:(1st ed.). Williams and Wilkins. p. 583. 6918: 5929: 5716:

How dogs think : understanding the canine mind

4831: 4829: 4184:– any female member of the species (or subspecies). 3359:, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been 2979:The dog is probably the most widely abundant large 2308:. All of these conditions have vaccines available. 2047:Many different disorders can affect dogs. Some are 1393:and, on the next page, classified the grey wolf as 14011: 13956:. London: New Burlington Books. pp. 200–203. 13882:"Dogs and Islam: The Devil and the Seeing-Eye Dog" 13481: 13479: 13477: 12061: 11511:"Russia fetes dog Laika, first earthling in space" 11028: 10686: 9840: 9838: 9779: 9226:"Why Do Dogs Pee When They're Excited or Fearful?" 7416:Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 7271: 6572:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 10. 4373: 4371: 3888:). Other benefits include dogs as social support. 3318:due to the possible risk of spreading infections. 2714:. Police dogs with PTSD can often refuse to work. 2474:can vary. An average litter consists of about six 2327:(chocolate). Other common food poisonings include 2063:; lower respiratory tract diseases which includes 13558: 13060: 12271:"Korea dog meat campaigners accused of hypocrisy" 12152:Parker L (April 1991). "The dog-eaters of bali". 10801: 10671:Observations Made During a Voyage Round the World 10613: 10611: 10506:Hung H, Carson MT, Bellwood P, Campos FZ (2011). 10111:"Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss" 9162:Lindell E, Feyrecilde M, Horwitz D, Landsberg G. 9040:Kaminski J, Hynds J, Morris P, Waller BM (2017). 8284: 8179:"Observational spatial memory in wolves and dogs" 7595: 7536: 7409: 6816:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement 6623:. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders. pp. 44–49. 5684:"Eye Structure and Function in Dogs - Dog Owners" 5547:The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide 3676:historically consumed dog meat. In some parts of 21966: 16566: 13709:. Hindu Human Rights Worldwide. 23 August 2015. 13630:. 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London: Telegraph.co.uk. 11277:Canadian Journal of Zoology 8417:Chastant S (14 June 2023). 7649:10.1007/978-3-642-53994-7_2 7001:Animal Reproduction Science 6783:"Estrus and Mating in Dogs" 5905:Canadian Journal of Zoology 5529:Jones & Hamilton (1971) 4110:(an incarnation of Shiva). 3925:Cultural depictions of dogs 3766:Canine vector-borne disease 3710: 3400:aiding disabled individuals 3347:apparently originated as a 2788:The female dog may produce 2636: 2618:West Highland White Terrier 2376: 2205:progressive retinal atrophy 2097:gastric dilatation volvulus 1970:or an excess of sebum from 1834:, is the most sensitive to 1656:and have been subjected to 1427:Mammal Species of the World 982: 896:, over 14,000 years ago by 10: 22036: 20313:Asian small-clawed otter ( 19052:American hog-nosed skunk ( 19034:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 17342:Angolan slender mongoose ( 17037:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 16086:Small-toothed palm civet ( 14898:Origin of the domestic dog 14796:Breed-specific legislation 14637:Psychiatric assistance dog 13088:10.1177/014107689108401208 13034:Social Indicators Research 12034:United Press International 11560:10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.07.001 11316:10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.004 11252:The Dog: A Natural History 10620:Journal of Human Evolution 9069:10.1038/s41598-017-12781-x 8717:Lea SE, Osthaus B (2018). 8004:10.1038/s41398-021-01626-x 7377:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008 7251:10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.016 6724:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w 6666:10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102 5948:10.1007/s10071-024-01849-7 5318:10.1038/s41467-024-46124-y 5144:10.1038/s41467-024-46124-y 4001:, dogs were the symbol of 3932: 3922: 3759: 3714: 3625: 3583: 3486: 3336: 3115:, and they cannot produce 3076: 2969: 2878: 2813: 2775: 2646: 2640: 2624:litters found that as the 2454:swelling and the female's 2395: 2380: 2343:(garlic, oninions, etc.). 2040: 1915: 1880: 1800: 1703: 1625: 1619: 1525: 1494: 986: 902:development of agriculture 29: 27:Domesticated canid species 22010:Mammals described in 1758 21729: 21548: 21522: 21499: 21476: 21455: 21426: 21390: 21354: 21288: 21210: 20984: 20786: 20688: 20634: 20398: 20347: 20338: 20292: 20268: 20235: 20218: 20194: 20143: 20126: 20109: 20080:Saharan striped polecat ( 20068: 20051: 20010: 19965: 19948: 19939: 19930: 19831: 19807: 19783: 19766: 19757: 19680: 19625: 19583: 19566: 19542: 19525: 19510: 19497: 19469: 19428: 19395: 19378: 19319: 19269: 19236: 19219: 19210: 19147: 19106: 19073: 19061:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 19014: 18993: 18971: 18967: 18954: 18890: 18873: 18832: 18804: 18792:Mediterranean monk seal ( 18787: 18753: 18703: 18670: 18635: 18626: 18600: 18583: 18564: 18521:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 18485:South American fur seal ( 18473: 18456: 18432: 18420:South American sea lion ( 18415: 18378: 18361: 18352: 18328: 18300: 18278: 18274: 18258: 18222: 18195: 18186: 18127: 18101: 18092: 18068: 18044: 18029: 18018: 17919: 17893: 17845: 17802:South American gray fox ( 17772: 17746: 17722: 17705: 17690: 17675: 17538: 17505: 17488: 17479: 17446: 17426: 17410: 17378:Common slender mongoose ( 17330: 17288: 17244: 17148: 17122: 17113: 17058: 17025: 17008: 16975: 16958: 16925: 16904: 16863: 16851:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 16846: 16813: 16796: 16787: 16750: 16724: 16715: 16698: 16682: 16646: 16620: 16605: 16581: 16562: 16558: 16545: 16513: 16509: 16373:Crested servaline genet ( 16328: 16289: 16280: 16225: 16199: 16184: 16162: 16116: 16072: 16063: 16014: 15999: 15986: 15954: 15856: 15792: 15775: 15766: 15738: 15721: 15688: 15637: 15550: 15513: 15496: 15487: 15450: 15426: 15417: 15401: 15333: 15300: 15287: 15267: 15214: 15197: 15182: 15166: 15128: 15058: 15027: 14994: 14911: 14776: 14731: 14587: 14544: 14312: 14214:Dogs in the Ancient World 14168:Columbia University Press 13880:Coren S (23 March 2010). 13540:Sherman, Josepha (2008). 13486:Black J, Green A (1992). 13275:The Journal of Psychology 13008:10.1007/s11259-006-0005-0 12965:10.1080/10705500802365532 12920:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1252 12603:World Health Organization 12599:"Animal bites Fact sheet" 12223:10.1163/15685306-12341471 12166:10.1080/03149099109508473 11715:DogTime (16 April 2014). 11663:10.1016/s105913110200225x 11399:10.1580/0953-9859-3.3.292 11155:10.1080/14649360802217790 10908:10.1016/j.jaa.2019.101081 10525:10.1017/S0003598X00068393 10322:Janiak MC (14 May 2019). 10246:Smith, Cheryl S. (2008). 10188:– via ResearchGate. 10186:10.1017/S0959270900001775 9425:10.1007/s10071-011-0386-5 9372:10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.058 8789:10.3758/s13420-018-0327-0 8735:10.3758/s13420-018-0349-7 8694:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 7765:10.1186/s12862-015-0579-7 7738:Cagan A, Blass T (2016). 7706:10.1186/s12862-015-0579-7 7049:10.2460/javma.231.11.1665 6579:10.1186/s40575-018-0066-8 6372:World Health Organisation 6142:10.1080/13576500903386700 6102:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.027 5025:10.1038/s41576-020-0225-0 4798:10.1016/j.jas.2018.01.004 4627:10.11646/zootaxa.4317.2.1 4496:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060 3776:World Health Organization 3748:. On 9 January 2024, the 3523:); as homeguard dogs; as 3412:are also a source of meat 3201:, who were isolated when 2803:protective fetal membrane 2539:cruciate ligament rupture 2497:(castration) in dogs and 2422:, characterized by their 2214:Common dog parasites are 2189:ophthalmological diseases 2036: 1974:in the sebaceous glands. 1851:smell-sensitive receptors 1803:Dog anatomy § Senses 1796: 1615: 1592:eastern Asia. In 2021, a 1435:W. Christopher Wozencraft 1296: 1276: 1269: 1237: 1205: 1173: 1141: 1109: 1077: 1056: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1007: 375: 368: 350: 343: 245:Scientific classification 243: 234: 225: 139: 49: 20814:British Columbian wolf ( 20436:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 20304:African clawless otter ( 20056:African striped weasel ( 19869:Yellow-throated marten ( 19745:Formosan ferret-badger ( 19449:Western mountain coati ( 19440:Eastern mountain coati ( 19357:Western lowland olingo ( 19339:Eastern lowland olingo ( 19167:Southern spotted skunk ( 18861:Southern elephant seal ( 18852:Northern elephant seal ( 18642:Pagophilus groenlandicus 17419:("dog-like" carnivorans) 17232:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 16853:Mungotictis decemlineata 15728:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 15175:("cat-like" carnivorans) 14304: 14226:13 December 2013 at the 13659:Swan Sonnenschein and Co 12727:10.1136/bmj.291.6498.760 11612:10.3389/fvets.2017.00001 11445:Shenon P (13 May 2003). 11414:Police and Military Dogs 10604:. Göttingen: Häntzschel. 7992:Translational Psychiatry 7744:BMC Evolutionary Biology 7685:BMC Evolutionary Biology 6198:www.pawprintgenetics.com 5818:10.3819/CCBR.2020.150007 4530:Clutton-Brock J (1995). 3574:psychiatric service dogs 3570:mobility assistance dogs 3306:Dogs were introduced to 3235:with exceptions such as 3177: 2679:Williams-Beuren syndrome 2671:fight-or-flight response 2177:dermatological disorders 2089:gastrointestinal disease 1964:bald spot from hair loss 1596:of the current evidence 1528:Domestication of the dog 904:. The dog was the first 20913:Alaskan Interior wolf ( 20481:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 19736:Burmese ferret-badger ( 19718:Chinese ferret-badger ( 19709:Bornean ferret badger ( 19700:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 19185:Eastern spotted skunk ( 19176:Western spotted skunk ( 18906:Leptonychotes weddellii 18548:Subantarctic fur seal ( 18494:Australasian fur seal ( 17318:Black-footed mongoose ( 17300:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 17249:White-tailed mongoose ( 17187:Indian brown mongoose ( 17169:Short-tailed mongoose ( 17160:Small Indian mongoose ( 17097:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 17070:Alexander's kusimanse ( 17046:Common dwarf mongoose ( 17013:Pousargues's mongoose ( 16875:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 16834:Grandidier's mongoose ( 16088:Arctogalidia trivirgata 15312:Sunda clouded leopard ( 15040:List of individual dogs 15035:Domesticated silver fox 14627:Mobility assistance dog 14038:. Bath: Paragon Books. 13651:Oskar Seyffert (1901). 13581:Oxford University Press 13046:10.1023/A:1006892908532 12715:British Medical Journal 12060:Day M (7 August 2009). 10570:Anthropological Science 10136:10.1073/pnas.1602480113 10076:Biological Conservation 10047:10.1007/3-540-30023-6_4 9888:Boitani & Mech 2003 9855:Biological Conservation 9792:Charles Scribner's Sons 9692:. In Gompper ME (ed.). 9655:Biological Conservation 9577:10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.7 9130:10.1073/pnas.1820653116 8776:Learning & Behavior 8723:Learning & Behavior 8318:ISRN Veterinary Science 8299:10.56808/2985-1130.2398 7610:10.1126/science.1179670 6948:Cancer in Dogs and Cats 6512:. Elsevier BV: 106155. 5651:10.1186/1742-9994-10-80 5249:National Science Review 5202:10.1073/pnas.1203005109 5079:10.1126/science.aba9572 5013:Nature Reviews Genetics 4740:10.1073/pnas.2010083118 4518:Wang & Tedford 2008 4459:, Animal Diversity Web. 3850:coronary artery disease 3824:cutaneous larva migrans 3750:South Korean parliament 3742:South Korean government 3507:(such as terriers); as 3417: 3101:extra copies of amylase 3072: 2960:valence of vocalization 2853:visual sense for number 2687:problem-solving ability 2681:in humans, which cause 2667:catecholamine synthesis 2426:swelling and producing 2165:musculoskeletal disease 1936: 1876: 1677:Morphological variation 1606:ancient North Siberians 1430:published in 2005, the 21579:Canis_lupus_familiaris 21550:Canis lupus familiaris 21002:Brownie the Wonder Dog 20877:Mackenzie River wolf ( 20322:Congo clawless otter ( 20225:Hydrictis maculicollis 20223:Spotted-necked otter ( 20182:Southern river otter ( 20133:Pteronura brasiliensis 19896:European pine marten ( 19407:South American coati ( 19135:Palawan stink badger ( 18461:New Zealand sea lion ( 17526:Japanese raccoon dog ( 17223:Crab-eating mongoose ( 17178:Indian grey mongoose ( 16801:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 16612:(bone-crushing hyenas) 16307:Central African oyan ( 15868:Chinese mountain cat ( 15045:List of fictional dogs 14359:Livestock guardian dog 14264:Canis lupus familiaris 14252:Canis lupus familiaris 14250:Data of the genome of 14239:Canis lupus familiaris 14204:Canis lupus familiaris 14103:Miklósi, Adám (2007). 14075:HarperCollins (2021). 12312:Stony Brook University 12129:. 2009. Archived from 11075:10.3390/ijerph14060642 10010:Hyaena (Hyaena) hyaena 9945:Big Cat Diary: Leopard 9475:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0883 8829:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0666 8084:10.3390/antiox12030545 7904:10.1126/sciadv.1700398 7365:The Veterinary Journal 6254:"Tail docking in dogs" 4667:, et al. (2019). 4534:. In Serpell J (ed.). 4532:"2-Origins of the dog" 4448:Canis lupus familiaris 3958: 3935:List of fictional dogs 3877: 3865:cardiovascular disease 3839: 3509:search and rescue dogs 3431: 3430:with a human companion 3330: 3092: 2892: 2785: 2761: 2704:Acute stress reactions 2626:inbreeding coefficient 2410: 2290:canine distemper virus 2033: 1868:Dogs have specialized 1813:Earth's magnetic field 1778:have as few as three. 1720: 1700:Anatomy and physiology 1518: 1437:listed under the wolf 1422:New Guinea singing dog 965:aiding disabled people 908:to be domesticated by 873:Canis lupus familiaris 40:Pooch (disambiguation) 36:Doggy (disambiguation) 21887:Paleobiology Database 21301:Budweiser Clydesdales 20932:Alaskan tundra wolf ( 20562:Back-striped weasel ( 20508:Black-footed ferret ( 20280:Smooth-coated otter ( 20058:Poecilogale albinucha 19727:Javan ferret-badger ( 19613:Sumatran hog badger ( 19595:Northern hog badger ( 19289:Crab-eating raccoon ( 19194:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 18915:Lobodon carcinophagus 18651:Histriophoca fasciata 18444:Australian sea lion ( 18390:California sea lion ( 18139:American black bear ( 17881:Black-backed jackal ( 17872:Side-striped jackal ( 17712:Chrysocyon brachyurus 17136:Long-nosed mongoose ( 16409:Rusty-spotted genet ( 16246:Large-spotted civet ( 16095:Sulawesi palm civet ( 16024:Owston's palm civet ( 15598:Andean mountain cat ( 14713:Search and rescue dog 14132:Smith B, ed. (2015). 13569:James Patrick Mallory 13456:www.incredibleart.org 13172:10.1123/jpah.10.5.750 12373:Czajkowski C (2014). 12347:The American Prospect 12211:Society & Animals 12154:Canberra Anthropology 11984:10.3406/jso.1983.2793 11943:Unmentionable Cuisine 10821:10.3390/genes14050992 9739:Behavioural Processes 9290:MSD Veterinary Manual 8688:Pilley, John (2013). 8152:NutriSource Pet Foods 7855:10.1017/9781139161800 5688:MSD Veterinary Manual 5571:Nießner C, Denzau S, 5298:Nature Communications 5124:Nature Communications 4850:10.1007/13836_2018_55 4362:14 March 2024 at the 4261:10.1007/13836_2018_27 3999:Neo-Babylonian period 3995:Old Babylonian period 3946:with the gluttons in 3942: 3933:Further information: 3861: 3854:myocardial infarction 3837: 3760:Further information: 3687:Eating dog meat is a 3636:countries, including 3425: 3320: 3188:Aboriginal Tasmanians 3086: 2891: 2783: 2759: 2733:bury food underground 2673:(i.e., selection for 2582:Inbreeding depression 2572:Inbreeding depression 2456:constrictor vestibuli 2405: 2381:Further information: 2325:theobromine poisoning 2077:haemopoietic diseases 2027: 1857:million to nearly 300 1801:Further information: 1776:naturally short tails 1718: 1644:developed the modern 1626:Further information: 1504: 1497:Evolution of the wolf 1365:binomial nomenclature 987:Further information: 21995:Cosmopolitan mammals 21975:Domesticated animals 21336:Rex the Wonder Horse 20886:Baffin Island wolf ( 20377:Long-tailed weasel ( 19955:Lyncodon patagonicus 19604:Greater hog badger ( 19126:Sunda stink badger ( 18816:Hawaiian monk seal ( 18539:Guadalupe fur seal ( 18512:Antarctic fur seal ( 18503:Galápagos fur seal ( 18399:Galápagos sea lion ( 17517:Common raccoon dog ( 17369:Cape gray mongoose ( 17309:Jackson's mongoose ( 17269:Paracynictis selousi 17260:Cynictis penicillata 16884:Durrell's vontsira ( 16472:Giant forest genet ( 16264:Large Indian civet ( 16204:Small Indian civet ( 15813:Sunda leopard cat ( 15589:Southern tiger cat ( 15525:African golden cat ( 15202:African palm civet ( 14768:Dog–cat relationship 14615:Medical response dog 14077:"Collins Dictionary" 13922:HarperCollins (2021) 13906:HarperCollins (2021) 13683:. Sacred-texts.com. 13422:. pp. 153–177. 12434:Pettid, Michael J., 12306:Ahmed Zihni (2004). 12283:. 27 December 2017. 12281:Agence France-Presse 11412:Ensminger J (2011). 11001:. 31 December 2001. 10324:"Of starch and spit" 10018:on 28 September 2007 9922:10.2981/wlb.2004.014 9608:Journal of Mammalogy 9200:American Kennel Club 9169:VCA Animal Hospitals 8665:. 17 December 2018. 8538:. pp. 133–192. 8121:American Kennel Club 6921:Tierarztliche Praxis 6788:VCA Animal Hospitals 6045:VCA Animal Hospitals 5638:Frontiers in Zoology 4330:, Reeder DM (eds.). 4131:Ecclesiastical Latin 3952:third circle of hell 3869:general practitioner 3859:A 2005 paper states: 3796:two-wheeled vehicles 3788:In the United States 3674:pre-Columbian Mexico 3604:agility competitions 3535:). In 1957, the dog 3529:welfare-purpose dogs 2770:osteoarthritis joint 2742:intestinal parasites 2594:Bernese Mountain Dog 2523:urinary incontinence 2105:portosystemic shunts 1692:Phenotypic variation 1658:artificial selection 1604:23,000 years ago by 1505:Location of a dog's 1412:In 1999, a study of 826:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 810:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 802:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 794:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 762:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 754:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 730:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 642:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 578:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 546:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 506:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 466:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 32:Dog (disambiguation) 21463:Chirakkal Kalidasan 21182:Taco Bell chihuahua 20928:(taxonomy disputed) 20895:Northwestern wolf ( 20420:M. aistoodonnivalis 20256:Hairy-nosed otter ( 20173:Neotropical otter ( 19953:Patagonian weasel ( 19416:White-nosed coati ( 18616:Cystophora cristata 18607:Erignathus barbatus 18340:Northern fur seal ( 18117:Helarctos malayanus 17753:Atelocynus microtis 17460:U. cinereoargenteus 17351:Egyptian mongoose ( 17278:Rhynchogale melleri 17276:Meller's mongoose ( 17267:Selous's mongoose ( 17251:Ichneumia albicauda 17205:Collared mongoose ( 17079:Angolan kusimanse ( 16963:Liberian mongoose ( 16316:West African oyan ( 16215:Civettictis civetta 16146:Golden palm civet ( 16104:Masked palm civet ( 16079:Arctictis binturong 16053:Hemigalus derbyanus 16051:Banded palm civet ( 16042:Hose's palm civet ( 15831:Rusty-spotted cat ( 14559:List of crossbreeds 14322:African village dog 14245:UCSC Genome Browser 14034:Cunliffe J (2004). 13334:2015PLoSO..1022085W 12914:(7527): 1252–1254. 12440:Reaktion Books Ltd. 12239:(16 January 2002). 11941:Schwabe CW (1979). 11840:Simoons FJ (1994). 10936:2024JArSR..57j4621Z 10735:nettarkiv.npolar.no 10709:"Pitcairn's Island" 10668:Forster JR (1778). 10632:2015JHumE..79...93M 10442:. 12 January 2019. 10341:10.7554/eLife.47523 10296:10.7554/eLife.44628 10127:2016PNAS..11311261D 10121:(40): 11261–11265. 10088:2017BCons.210...56D 10059:. pp. 49, 50: 9968:Gompper ME (2013). 9890:, pp. 259–264. 9867:2014BCons.171..232L 9688:Gompper ME (2013). 9667:2013BCons.157..341H 9525:10.1093/scan/nsw102 9363:2014CBio...24..574A 9121:2019PNAS..11614677K 9115:(29): 14677–14681. 9060:2017NatSR...712914K 8976:2003CBio...13..763M 8878:2016PLoSO..1159797P 8382:10.3390/ani11113260 8331:10.1155/2014/459809 8195:2023PLoSO..1890547V 7954:10.3390/ani13061037 7896:2017SciA....3E0398V 7800:Bothrops alternatus 7756:2016BMCEE..16...10C 7697:2016BMCEE..16...10C 7604:(5945): 1213–1214. 7555:2012PLoSO...738027B 7145:2014PLoSO...9j2241H 6868:"Gestation in dogs" 6716:2024NatSR..14..531M 6093:2013CBio...23.2279S 6016:. 15 October 2019. 6014:Dallas Animal Chiro 5759:10.3390/ani11082463 5593:2016NatSR...621848N 5310:2024NatCo..15.1680G 5193:2012PNAS..109.8878L 5136:2024NatCo..15.1680G 4790:2018JArSc..92..126J 4731:2021PNAS..11810083P 4487:2015CBio...25.2158K 4455:26 May 2022 at the 4400:10.1038/nature11837 4392:2013Natur.495..360A 4160:Khaled Abou El Fadl 4094:Shyama and Sharvara 4036:is a three-headed, 3919:Cultural importance 3901:Alzheimer's disease 3867:, a reduced use of 3770:Dog bite prevention 3503:; for hunting; for 3499:have been bred for 2993:developed countries 2862:Dogs demonstrate a 2693:-like showed lower 2610:German Shepherd Dog 2519:reproductive organs 2398:Canine reproduction 2145:hypoadrenocorticism 2133:endocrine disorders 2071:which includes any 1966:, can be caused by 1901:impulsive behaviors 1299:Black-backed jackal 1279:Side-striped jackal 647:C. lupus familiaris 228:Conservation status 21225:Crystal the Monkey 20992:Ace the Wonder Dog 20897:C. l. occidentalis 20535:European polecat ( 20368:Colombian weasel ( 20018:(African polecats) 19646:Caucasian badger ( 19574:(Eurasian badgers) 19024:(hog-nosed skunks) 18761:("southern seals") 18660:Halichoerus grypus 18591:("northern seals") 18463:Phocarctos hookeri 18368:Eumetopias jubatus 18366:Steller sea lion ( 18148:Asian black bear ( 17898:African wild dog ( 17852:(wolf-like canids) 17129:Atilax paludinosus 17088:Common kusimanse ( 17015:Dologale dybowskii 16987:Gambian mongoose ( 16771:Western falanouc ( 16762:Eastern falanouc ( 16731:Cryptoprocta ferox 16636:Parahyaena brunnea 16391:Johnston's genet ( 16346:Abyssinian genet ( 16298:(African linsangs) 16206:Viverricula indica 16137:Brown palm civet ( 16128:Asian palm civet ( 16035:Cynogale bennettii 16026:Chrotogale owstoni 15922:European wildcat ( 15913:Black-footed cat ( 15503:Leptailurus serval 15471:Asian golden cat ( 15237:(Asiatic linsangs) 13707:"Dogs in Hinduism" 12709:Bewley BR (1985). 12527:. 9 January 2024. 12497:. 9 January 2024. 12308:"Dog Meat Dilemma" 12037:. 10 August 2009. 11690:www.britannica.com 11451:The New York Times 11250:Miklósi Á (2018). 11107:Serpell J (2017). 10861:Miklosi A (2007). 10583:10.1537/ase.040511 10539:Osborne D (1966). 10380:www.thewildest.com 9047:Scientific Reports 8436:10.1093/af/vfad027 7643:. pp. 31–57. 7003:. 60–61: 405–415. 6704:Scientific Reports 6168:www.thewildest.com 5581:Scientific Reports 5544:DK (6 July 2023). 5433:www.britannica.com 5407:www.britannica.com 5261:10.1093/nsr/nwz049 4357:(via Google Books) 4287:Linnæus C (1758). 3959: 3886:hygiene hypothesis 3840: 3432: 3199:Andamanese peoples 3093: 2893: 2795:child contractions 2786: 2762: 2685:at the expense of 2499:ovariohysterectomy 2413:In domestic dogs, 2411: 2306:canine coronavirus 2141:Cushing's syndrome 2113:pancreatic disease 2085:clotting disorders 2034: 2032:with a docked tail 2030:Standard Schnauzer 1721: 1519: 1485:threatened species 884:. Also called the 880:descendant of the 336:C. familiaris 21928: 21927: 21874:Open Tree of Life 21714:Open Tree of Life 21542:Taxon identifiers 21533: 21532: 21077:Kuma von Clifford 20944: 20943: 20915:C. l. pambasileus 20852:C. l. labradorius 20832:Hudson Bay wolf ( 20816:C. l. columbianus 20590: 20589: 20586: 20585: 20582: 20581: 20578: 20577: 20574: 20573: 20553:Siberian weasel ( 20544:American ermine ( 20472:Japanese weasel ( 20427:Mountain weasel ( 20411: 20334: 20333: 20120: 20105: 20104: 20101: 20100: 20089:Striped polecat ( 20039:Marbled polecat ( 20021: 20006: 20005: 19978: 19926: 19925: 19905:Japanese marten ( 19851:American marten ( 19844: 19702:M. cucphuongensis 19693: 19676: 19675: 19664:European badger ( 19637:Japanese badger ( 19577: 19530:American badger ( 19493: 19492: 19489: 19488: 19465: 19464: 19461: 19460: 19389: 19348:Northern olingo ( 19332: 19307:Cozumel raccoon ( 19282: 19206: 19205: 19160: 19119: 19027: 19008: 18950: 18949: 18946: 18945: 18942: 18941: 18938: 18937: 18934: 18933: 18924:Ommatophoca rossi 18897:Hydrurga leptonyx 18884: 18881:(Antarctic seals) 18854:M. angustirostris 18845: 18828: 18827: 18794:Monachus monachus 18781: 18764: 18749: 18748: 18745: 18744: 18594: 18577: 18560: 18559: 18422:Otaria flavescens 18411: 18410: 18322: 18290:Odobenus rosmarus 18254: 18253: 18250: 18249: 18246: 18245: 18242: 18241: 18205: 18182: 18181: 18178: 18177: 18080:Spectacled bear ( 18038: 18014: 18013: 18010: 18009: 18006: 18005: 17854: 17841: 17840: 17760:Crab-eating fox ( 17751:Short-eared dog ( 17699: 17684: 17671: 17670: 17553: 17495:Otocyon megalotis 17439: 17406: 17405: 17402: 17401: 17398: 17397: 17394: 17393: 17390: 17389: 17258:Yellow mongoose ( 17109: 17108: 16996:Banded mongoose ( 16965:Liberiictus kuhni 16919: 16900: 16899: 16896: 16895: 16783: 16782: 16709: 16678: 16677: 16674: 16673: 16670: 16669: 16614: 16575: 16541: 16540: 16537: 16536: 16533: 16532: 16505: 16504: 16501: 16500: 16497: 16496: 16493: 16492: 16445:Servaline genet ( 16364:Bourlon's genet ( 16339: 16300: 16276: 16275: 16158: 16157: 16130:P. hermaphroditus 15982: 15981: 15978: 15977: 15974: 15973: 15950: 15949: 15946: 15945: 15942: 15941: 15938: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15895:African wildcat ( 15852: 15851: 15822:Flat-headed cat ( 15762: 15761: 15546: 15545: 15483: 15482: 15397: 15396: 15393: 15392: 15321:Clouded leopard ( 15280: 15255:Spotted linsang ( 15239: 15204:Nandinia binotata 15086: 15085: 14966:Rabies in animals 14893:Human–canine bond 14471:Bull-type terrier 14177:978-0-231-13529-0 14145:978-1-4863-0030-3 14124:978-0-19-929585-2 14095:978-0-88365-302-9 14067:978-0-7566-6004-8 14045:978-0-7525-8018-0 14026:978-0-521-42537-7 13996:978-0-226-51696-7 13963:978-0-948872-13-6 13790:"Feeding Animals" 13774:978-1-85958-547-4 13637:978-0-19-928075-9 13590:978-0-19-929668-2 13551:978-0-7656-8047-1 13499:978-0-7141-1705-8 13437:978-0-12-369484-3 13404:978-0-7619-1061-9 13381:978-0-12-369484-3 13259:978-0-12-369484-3 13127:(17): 1213–1217. 12721:(6498): 760–761. 12605:. February 2018. 12570:978-92-4-121021-8 12448:978-1-86189-348-2 12379:Animal Law Review 12318:on 11 August 2007 12276:The Straits Times 11956:978-0-8139-1162-5 11853:978-0-299-14254-4 11431:978-1-4398-7240-6 11261:978-0-691-17693-2 11120:978-1-107-02414-4 11042:978-0-226-14280-7 11031:Dog's Best Friend 10880:978-0-19-929585-2 10760:Nicoll K (2005). 10550:978-0-910240-58-1 10480:978-0-8138-0657-0 10440:Perfectly Rawsome 10263:978-0-470-17882-9 10212:978-0-444-50217-9 10012:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 9981:978-0-19-164010-0 9954:978-0-00-721181-4 9801:978-0-684-85530-1 9703:978-0-19-181018-3 9519:(12): 1853–1862. 9260:Front of the Pack 9026:978-0-7432-0297-8 8703:978-0-544-10257-6 8553:978-1-4160-5419-1 8508:. February 2022. 7864:978-1-107-02414-4 7824:10.1002/syn.21814 7658:978-3-642-53993-0 7334:978-0-12-017624-3 7042:(11): 1665–1675. 6957:978-0-683-06105-5 6630:978-1-4557-4456-5 6284:Veterinary Record 5911:(12): 2077–2081. 5860:, pp. 22–23. 5726:978-0-7432-2232-7 5601:10.1038/srep21848 5557:978-0-241-63310-6 5486:, pp. 38–39. 5187:(23): 8878–8883. 5175:Larson G (2012). 5073:(6516): 557–564. 4859:978-3-030-04752-8 4551:978-0-521-41529-3 4481:(16): 2158–2165. 4386:(7441): 360–364. 4343:978-0-8018-8221-0 4324:"Order Carnivora" 4270:978-3-030-04752-8 4066:Persian mythology 4062:realm of the dead 3905:conduct disorders 3501:herding livestock 3448:"commodification" 3444:emotional support 3404:man's best friend 3339:Human–canine bond 3333:Roles with humans 3203:rising sea levels 3194:on that continent 3021:free-ranging dogs 2964:caudate responses 2909: 2881:Dog communication 2799:nesting behaviour 2757: 2551:diabetes mellitus 2460:muscle relaxation 2408:tied after mating 2294:canine parvovirus 2286:canine adenovirus 2155:diseases such as 2137:diabetes mellitus 2065:pulmonary disease 1968:Cushing's disease 1910:Yorkshire terrier 1711:Size and skeleton 1654:phenotypic change 1640:, directed human 1594:literature review 1414:mitochondrial DNA 1357:published in his 1351: 1350: 1341: 1340: 1326: 1325: 1314: 1313: 1255: 1254: 1223: 1222: 1191: 1190: 1159: 1158: 1127: 1126: 1095: 1094: 977:man's best friend 969:human–canine bond 923:The dog has been 858: 857: 238: 16:(Redirected from 22027: 21957: 21956: 21945: 21944: 21936: 21921: 21920: 21908: 21907: 21895: 21894: 21882: 21881: 21869: 21868: 21856: 21855: 21843: 21842: 21830: 21829: 21817: 21816: 21804: 21803: 21791: 21790: 21778: 21777: 21775:Canis_familiaris 21765: 21764: 21763: 21761:Canis familiaris 21750: 21749: 21748: 21731:Canis familiaris 21722: 21721: 21709: 21708: 21699: 21698: 21686: 21685: 21673: 21672: 21660: 21659: 21647: 21646: 21634: 21633: 21621: 21620: 21608: 21607: 21595: 21594: 21582: 21581: 21569: 21568: 21567: 21537: 21536: 21398:The lions of MGM 21331:Popcorn Deelites 21321:Docs Keepin Time 21296:Bamboo Harvester 21037:Dynamite the Dog 20971: 20964: 20957: 20948: 20947: 20904:Greenland wolf ( 20834:C. l. hudsonicus 20754:C. l. familiaris 20734:Himalayan wolf ( 20725:Mongolian wolf ( 20718:C. l. campestris 20617: 20610: 20603: 20594: 20593: 20526:Malayan weasel ( 20445:Steppe polecat ( 20418:Sichuan weasel ( 20410: 20409: 20405: 20345: 20344: 20282:L. perspicillata 20247:Eurasian otter ( 20124: 20123: 20119: 20118: 20114: 20025: 20024: 20020: 20019: 20015: 19994:Greater grison ( 19977: 19976: 19972: 19946: 19945: 19937: 19936: 19887:Nilgiri marten ( 19860:Pacific marten ( 19843: 19842: 19838: 19764: 19763: 19747:M. subaurantiaca 19692: 19691: 19690:(ferret-badgers) 19687: 19581: 19580: 19576: 19575: 19571: 19523: 19522: 19512: 19511: 19499: 19498: 19393: 19392: 19388: 19387: 19383: 19331: 19330: 19326: 19281: 19280: 19276: 19217: 19216: 19159: 19158: 19157:(spotted skunks) 19154: 19118: 19117: 19113: 19026: 19025: 19021: 19012: 19011: 19007: 19006: 18998: 18969: 18968: 18956: 18955: 18913:Crabeater seal ( 18888: 18887: 18883: 18882: 18878: 18844: 18843: 18842:(elephant seals) 18839: 18818:N. schauinslandi 18785: 18784: 18780: 18779: 18775: 18768: 18767: 18763: 18762: 18758: 18633: 18632: 18598: 18597: 18593: 18592: 18588: 18581: 18580: 18576: 18575: 18569: 18530:Brown fur seal ( 18505:A. galapagoensis 18392:Z. californianus 18359: 18358: 18326: 18325: 18321: 18320: 18306: 18276: 18275: 18268: 18260: 18259: 18204: 18203: 18199: 18193: 18192: 18108:Melursus ursinus 18099: 18098: 18042: 18041: 18037: 18034: 18027: 18026: 17994:Ethiopian wolf ( 17858: 17857: 17853: 17850: 17703: 17702: 17698: 17695: 17688: 17687: 17683: 17680: 17569:Blanford's fox ( 17552: 17545: 17486: 17485: 17444: 17443: 17438: 17435: 17428: 17427: 17420: 17412: 17411: 17214:Ruddy mongoose ( 17196:Javan mongoose ( 17127:Marsh mongoose ( 17120: 17119: 17099:C. platycephalus 16932: 16931: 16923: 16922: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16794: 16793: 16738:Malagasy civet ( 16722: 16721: 16713: 16712: 16708: 16703: 16696: 16695: 16691: 16618: 16617: 16613: 16610: 16579: 16578: 16574: 16571: 16564: 16563: 16560: 16559: 16547: 16546: 16511: 16510: 16338: 16335: 16299: 16296: 16287: 16286: 16197: 16196: 16193: 16182: 16181: 16177: 16164: 16163: 16070: 16069: 16012: 16011: 16001: 16000: 15988: 15987: 15782:Otocolobus manul 15773: 15772: 15695: 15694: 15571:Geoffroy's cat ( 15494: 15493: 15424: 15423: 15415: 15414: 15410: 15298: 15297: 15289: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15279: 15276: 15269: 15268: 15246:Banded linsang ( 15238: 15235: 15227: 15226: 15216: 15215: 15195: 15194: 15184: 15183: 15176: 15168: 15167: 15113: 15106: 15099: 15090: 15089: 15076: 15066: 15065: 14843:Dogs in religion 14706:usage by country 14327:Free-ranging dog 14299: 14292: 14285: 14276: 14275: 14189: 14149: 14128: 14099: 14080: 14071: 14049: 14030: 14008: 13968: 13967: 13946: 13929: 13919: 13913: 13903: 13897: 13896: 13894: 13892: 13886:Psychology Today 13877: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13846: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13835: 13816: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13805: 13785: 13779: 13778: 13761:Dyer TF (1898). 13758: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13732: 13723: 13722: 13720: 13718: 13703: 13697: 13696: 13694: 13692: 13677: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13666: 13648: 13642: 13641: 13620: 13611: 13610: 13573:Douglas Q. Adams 13565: 13556: 13555: 13537: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13511: 13483: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13467: 13448: 13442: 13441: 13415: 13409: 13408: 13389: 13383: 13372: 13366: 13365: 13355: 13345: 13313: 13307: 13306: 13270: 13264: 13263: 13245: 13239: 13238: 13202: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13191: 13151: 13145: 13144: 13116: 13110: 13109: 13099: 13067: 13058: 13057: 13029: 13020: 13019: 12991: 12985: 12984: 12948: 12942: 12941: 12931: 12899: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12885: 12861: 12855: 12854: 12836: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12782: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12771: 12762:. Medscape.com. 12755: 12749: 12748: 12738: 12706: 12700: 12699: 12697: 12695: 12690:on 22 March 2011 12689: 12682: 12674: 12668: 12667: 12657: 12625: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12595: 12586: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12547: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12536: 12517: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12487: 12481: 12480: 12478: 12476: 12456: 12450: 12432: 12426: 12425: 12405: 12399: 12398: 12396: 12394: 12370: 12364: 12363: 12361: 12359: 12334: 12328: 12327: 12325: 12323: 12303: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12267: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12233: 12227: 12226: 12206: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12195: 12176: 12170: 12169: 12149: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12119: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12108: 12086: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12065: 12057: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12046: 12025: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12014: 11994: 11988: 11987: 11967: 11961: 11960: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11907: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11876: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11860:on 14 March 2024 11856:. Archived from 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11821:on 16 April 2021 11817:. Archived from 11804: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11763: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11682: 11676: 11675: 11665: 11641: 11635: 11634: 11624: 11614: 11590: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11579: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11506: 11500: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11409: 11403: 11402: 11382: 11376: 11375: 11373: 11371: 11362:. Archived from 11356: 11350: 11349: 11347: 11345: 11326: 11320: 11319: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11283:(8): 1196–1203. 11272: 11266: 11265: 11247: 11241: 11240: 11214: 11205: 11199: 11198: 11196: 11194: 11173:Nast HJ (2006). 11170: 11159: 11158: 11138: 11125: 11124: 11110:The Domestic Dog 11104: 11098: 11097: 11087: 11077: 11053: 11047: 11046: 11034: 11024: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11010: 10991: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10957: 10948: 10947: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10891: 10885: 10884: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10841: 10823: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10785: 10757: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10727: 10721: 10720: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10692: 10685:Sharp A (1964). 10682: 10676: 10675: 10665: 10652: 10651: 10615: 10606: 10605: 10600:Urban M (1961). 10597: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10518:(329): 909–926. 10503: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10492: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10402: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10391: 10372: 10366: 10363: 10353: 10343: 10318: 10308: 10298: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10243: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10196: 10190: 10189: 10165: 10159: 10158: 10148: 10138: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10071: 10065: 10064: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10008:"Striped Hyaena 10004: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9965: 9959: 9958: 9940: 9934: 9933: 9910:Wildlife Biology 9897: 9891: 9885: 9879: 9878: 9851:Canis familiaris 9842: 9833: 9832: 9823:(3–4): 210–218. 9812: 9806: 9805: 9788:Internet Archive 9777: 9771: 9770: 9735:Canis familiaris 9726: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9715: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9650: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9599: 9593: 9592: 9590: 9588: 9556: 9547: 9546: 9536: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9487: 9477: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9412:Animal Cognition 9406: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9389: 9374: 9348: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9323:(3–4): 159–169. 9312: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9159: 9153: 9152: 9142: 9132: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9081: 9071: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9015:Coren S (2001). 9012: 9006: 9005: 8987: 8955: 8949: 8948: 8925:Animal Behaviour 8916: 8910: 8909: 8899: 8889: 8857: 8851: 8850: 8840: 8808: 8802: 8801: 8791: 8770:Canis familiaris 8763: 8757: 8756: 8746: 8714: 8708: 8707: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8635:. 16 June 2019. 8625: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8514: 8503: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8448: 8438: 8414: 8405: 8404: 8394: 8384: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8343: 8333: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8265: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8216: 8206: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8096: 8086: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8015: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7966: 7956: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7915: 7884:Science Advances 7875: 7869: 7868: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7777: 7767: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7718: 7708: 7676: 7663: 7662: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7576: 7566: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7517: 7494:Animal Behaviour 7485: 7479: 7478: 7461:(9): 1106–1110. 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7422:(3–4): 134–139. 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7362: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7174: 7156: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7073: 7062: 7061: 7051: 7027: 7021: 7020: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6900:on 25 April 2013 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6870:. Archived from 6864: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6735: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6678: 6668: 6644: 6635: 6634: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6599: 6581: 6557: 6548: 6547: 6529: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6476: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6387: 6376: 6375: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6296:10.1136/vr.b4880 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6104: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5959: 5936:Animal Cognition 5927: 5921: 5920: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5779: 5761: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5713:Coren S (2004). 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5663: 5653: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5612: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5541: 5532: 5526: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5466: 5460: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5382: 5372: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5329: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5272: 5240: 5225: 5224: 5214: 5204: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5155: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5090: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5010: 5001: 4990: 4989: 4971: 4947: 4930: 4929: 4919: 4909: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4833: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4809: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4752: 4742: 4710: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4688: 4677: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4629: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4466: 4460: 4443: 4428: 4427: 4375: 4366: 4355: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4248: 3929:Dogs in religion 3913:violent behavior 3897:mental disorders 3659: 3580:Shows and sports 3521:chemical weapons 3388:assisting police 3345:domesticated dog 3328: 3295:(settled by the 3281:French Polynesia 3245:Marshall Islands 3233:Caroline Islands 3231:and most of the 3172:nitrogen balance 3089:golden retriever 2997:developing world 2990: 2986: 2911: 2910: 2890: 2816:Dog intelligence 2758: 2683:hypersociability 2566:Nordic countries 2302:canine influenza 1960:sebaceous glands 1943:vertebral column 1860: 1856: 1847:olfactory cortex 1822:Dogs' vision is 1809:magnetoreception 1791:carnassial teeth 1688: 1673: 1573:hunter-gatherers 1566:Late Pleistocene 1562:Paleolithic dogs 1558:canine distemper 1477:Canis familiaris 1391:Canis familiaris 1305: 1285: 1272: 1271: 1246: 1240:African wild dog 1214: 1182: 1150: 1118: 1086: 1066: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1003: 1002: 993: 992: 949:assisting police 925:selectively bred 898:hunter-gatherers 894:Late Pleistocene 867:Canis familiaris 851: 843: 835: 827: 819: 811: 803: 795: 787: 779: 771: 763: 755: 747: 739: 731: 723: 715: 707: 699: 691: 683: 675: 667: 659: 651: 643: 635: 627: 619: 611: 603: 595: 587: 579: 571: 570:Krumbiegel, 1950 563: 555: 547: 539: 531: 523: 515: 507: 499: 491: 483: 475: 467: 459: 451: 443: 435: 427: 419: 411: 400: 389: 356: 354:Canis familiaris 253: 252: 237: 216: 207: 196: 187: 178: 167: 158: 149: 132:Late Pleistocene 130: 60: 53:Temporal range: 47: 46: 21: 18:Canis familiaris 22035: 22034: 22030: 22029: 22028: 22026: 22025: 22024: 21965: 21964: 21963: 21951: 21939: 21931: 21929: 21924: 21916: 21911: 21903: 21898: 21890: 21885: 21877: 21872: 21864: 21859: 21851: 21846: 21838: 21833: 21825: 21820: 21812: 21807: 21799: 21794: 21786: 21781: 21773: 21768: 21759: 21758: 21753: 21744: 21743: 21738: 21725: 21717: 21712: 21704: 21702: 21694: 21689: 21681: 21676: 21668: 21663: 21655: 21650: 21642: 21637: 21629: 21624: 21616: 21611: 21603: 21598: 21590: 21585: 21577: 21572: 21563: 21562: 21557: 21544: 21534: 21529: 21518: 21495: 21472: 21451: 21422: 21386: 21367:Bart the Bear 2 21350: 21284: 21240:Jimmy the Chimp 21212: 21206: 20980: 20975: 20945: 20940: 20934:C. l. tundrarum 20879:C. l. mackenzii 20850:Labrador wolf ( 20843:C. l. irremotus 20825:C. l. crassodon 20788: 20782: 20765:Eurasian wolf ( 20690: 20684: 20630: 20621: 20591: 20570: 20546:M. richardsonii 20490:European mink ( 20407: 20406: 20404: 20394: 20386:American mink ( 20359:Amazon weasel ( 20330: 20288: 20264: 20231: 20214: 20190: 20139: 20116: 20115: 20113: 20097: 20064: 20047: 20017: 20016: 20014: 20002: 19985:Lesser grison ( 19974: 19973: 19971: 19961: 19922: 19840: 19839: 19837: 19827: 19803: 19779: 19753: 19689: 19688: 19686: 19672: 19621: 19573: 19572: 19570: 19562: 19538: 19519: 19506: 19485: 19457: 19424: 19385: 19384: 19382: 19374: 19328: 19327: 19325: 19315: 19278: 19277: 19275: 19265: 19232: 19202: 19169:S. angustifrons 19156: 19155: 19153: 19143: 19116:(stink badgers) 19115: 19114: 19112: 19102: 19094:Striped skunk ( 19069: 19063:C. semistriatus 19023: 19022: 19020: 19000: 18999: 18997: 18989: 18983:Ailurus fulgens 18963: 18930: 18880: 18879: 18877: 18869: 18841: 18840: 18838: 18824: 18800: 18777: 18776: 18774: 18760: 18759: 18757: 18741: 18699: 18666: 18622: 18590: 18589: 18587: 18573: 18571: 18570: 18568: 18556: 18469: 18452: 18428: 18407: 18374: 18348: 18315: 18310: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18301: 18296: 18270: 18266: 18238: 18218: 18201: 18200: 18174: 18123: 18088: 18064: 18035: 18033: 18023: 18002: 17931:Golden jackal ( 17915: 17889: 17851: 17849: 17837: 17768: 17762:Cerdocyon thous 17742: 17718: 17696: 17694: 17681: 17679: 17667: 17632:Rüppell's fox ( 17546: 17544: 17534: 17519:N. procyonoides 17501: 17493:Bat-eared fox ( 17475: 17440: 17436: 17422: 17418: 17386: 17371:H. pulverulenta 17326: 17284: 17240: 17207:U. semitorquata 17162:U. auropunctata 17144: 17105: 17054: 17021: 17004: 16971: 16954: 16916: 16914: 16909: 16908: 16892: 16859: 16842: 16809: 16803:Galidia elegans 16779: 16746: 16706: 16704: 16702: 16692: 16687: 16666: 16658:Spotted hyena ( 16642: 16625:Striped hyena ( 16611: 16609: 16601: 16572: 16570: 16554: 16529: 16489: 16427:Aquatic genet ( 16418:Pardine genet ( 16355:Angolan genet ( 16336: 16334: 16324: 16309:P. richardsonii 16297: 16295: 16272: 16255:Malayan civet ( 16221: 16213:African civet ( 16189: 16188: 16178: 16173: 16172: 16168: 16154: 16112: 16059: 16044:Diplogale hosei 16008: 15995: 15970: 15930: 15848: 15788: 15768: 15758: 15734: 15717: 15690: 15684: 15658:Eurasian lynx ( 15633: 15542: 15509: 15489: 15479: 15446: 15419: 15411: 15406: 15389: 15329: 15281: 15277: 15263: 15236: 15223: 15210: 15191: 15178: 15174: 15162: 15124: 15117: 15087: 15082: 15054: 15023: 14990: 14907: 14778: 14772: 14727: 14583: 14564:Mixed-breed dog 14540: 14308: 14303: 14228:Wayback Machine 14196: 14178: 14146: 14125: 14096: 14068: 14046: 14027: 13997: 13977: 13972: 13971: 13964: 13947: 13932: 13920: 13916: 13904: 13900: 13890: 13888: 13878: 13874: 13864: 13862: 13847: 13843: 13833: 13831: 13818: 13817: 13813: 13803: 13801: 13786: 13782: 13775: 13764:The Ghost World 13759: 13755: 13745: 13743: 13734: 13733: 13726: 13716: 13714: 13705: 13704: 13700: 13690: 13688: 13679: 13678: 13674: 13664: 13662: 13649: 13645: 13638: 13621: 13614: 13591: 13583:. p. 439. 13566: 13559: 13552: 13538: 13519: 13509: 13507: 13500: 13484: 13475: 13465: 13463: 13450: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13416: 13412: 13405: 13390: 13386: 13373: 13369: 13328:(4): e0122085. 13314: 13310: 13271: 13267: 13260: 13246: 13242: 13203: 13199: 13189: 13187: 13152: 13148: 13117: 13113: 13082:(12): 717–720. 13068: 13061: 13030: 13023: 12992: 12988: 12949: 12945: 12900: 12893: 12883: 12881: 12862: 12858: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12784: 12783: 12779: 12769: 12767: 12756: 12752: 12707: 12703: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12680: 12676: 12675: 12671: 12626: 12622: 12612: 12610: 12597: 12596: 12589: 12580: 12578: 12571: 12549: 12548: 12544: 12534: 12532: 12519: 12518: 12514: 12504: 12502: 12495:The Japan Times 12489: 12488: 12484: 12474: 12472: 12457: 12453: 12433: 12429: 12406: 12402: 12392: 12390: 12371: 12367: 12357: 12355: 12340:(2 June 2002). 12335: 12331: 12321: 12319: 12304: 12300: 12290: 12288: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12254: 12252: 12237:William Saletan 12234: 12230: 12207: 12203: 12193: 12191: 12184:The Independent 12178: 12177: 12173: 12150: 12146: 12136: 12134: 12133:on 16 June 2010 12121: 12120: 12116: 12106: 12104: 12087: 12083: 12073: 12071: 12058: 12054: 12044: 12042: 12027: 12026: 12022: 12012: 12010: 11995: 11991: 11978:(77): 121–129. 11968: 11964: 11957: 11939: 11935: 11925: 11923: 11908: 11904: 11894: 11892: 11877: 11873: 11863: 11861: 11854: 11838: 11834: 11824: 11822: 11814:CNN Philippines 11805: 11801: 11791: 11789: 11776: 11775: 11771: 11761: 11759: 11744: 11740: 11730: 11728: 11713: 11709: 11699: 11697: 11684: 11683: 11679: 11642: 11638: 11591: 11587: 11577: 11575: 11540: 11536: 11526: 11524: 11507: 11503: 11493: 11491: 11474: 11470: 11460: 11458: 11443: 11439: 11432: 11410: 11406: 11383: 11379: 11369: 11367: 11366:on 7 April 2012 11358: 11357: 11353: 11343: 11341: 11328: 11327: 11323: 11300: 11296: 11289:10.1139/z99-099 11273: 11269: 11262: 11248: 11244: 11212: 11206: 11202: 11192: 11190: 11171: 11162: 11139: 11128: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11054: 11050: 11043: 11027:Derr M (1997). 11025: 11018: 11008: 11006: 10993: 10992: 10985: 10975: 10973: 10958: 10951: 10919: 10915: 10892: 10888: 10881: 10859: 10855: 10800: 10796: 10783: 10781: 10774: 10758: 10754: 10744: 10742: 10729: 10728: 10724: 10707: 10706: 10702: 10683: 10679: 10666: 10655: 10616: 10609: 10598: 10591: 10562: 10558: 10551: 10537: 10533: 10504: 10500: 10490: 10488: 10481: 10463: 10459: 10449: 10447: 10434: 10433: 10429: 10419: 10417: 10404: 10403: 10399: 10389: 10387: 10374: 10373: 10369: 10275: 10271: 10264: 10244: 10240: 10230: 10228: 10213: 10197: 10193: 10166: 10162: 10107: 10103: 10072: 10068: 10057: 10035: 10031: 10021: 10019: 10006: 10005: 10001: 9991: 9989: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9955: 9941: 9937: 9898: 9894: 9886: 9882: 9843: 9836: 9813: 9809: 9802: 9778: 9774: 9727: 9723: 9713: 9711: 9704: 9686: 9682: 9651: 9647: 9637: 9635: 9620:10.2307/1381709 9600: 9596: 9586: 9584: 9557: 9550: 9505: 9501: 9468:(1): 20150883. 9461:Biology Letters 9452: 9448: 9407: 9403: 9393: 9391: 9387: 9351:Current Biology 9346: 9340: 9336: 9313: 9309: 9299: 9297: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9269: 9267: 9262:. 26 May 2023. 9254: 9253: 9249: 9239: 9237: 9230:The Spruce Pets 9224: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9160: 9156: 9099: 9095: 9038: 9034: 9027: 9013: 9009: 8956: 8952: 8917: 8913: 8872:(8): e0159797. 8858: 8854: 8809: 8805: 8764: 8760: 8715: 8711: 8704: 8686: 8682: 8672: 8670: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8642: 8640: 8627: 8626: 8622: 8612: 8610: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8582: 8580: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8536:Canine Behavior 8532: 8528: 8518: 8516: 8512: 8501: 8497: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8415: 8408: 8361: 8357: 8310: 8306: 8283: 8279: 8254:10.1002/vms3.92 8234: 8230: 8189:(9): e0290547. 8175: 8171: 8161: 8159: 8144: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8034: 8033: 8029: 7984: 7980: 7933: 7929: 7890:(7): e1700398. 7876: 7872: 7865: 7843: 7839: 7795: 7791: 7736: 7732: 7677: 7666: 7659: 7637: 7633: 7594: 7590: 7535: 7531: 7486: 7482: 7451: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7408: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7360: 7354: 7350: 7335: 7313: 7309: 7286:10.1038/nrg2664 7280:(11): 783–796. 7274:Nat. Rev. Genet 7270: 7266: 7235: 7231: 7192: 7188: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7109: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7074: 7065: 7028: 7024: 6997: 6993: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6944: 6940: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6851: 6849: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6812: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6753: 6749: 6696: 6692: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6617: 6613: 6558: 6551: 6502: 6498: 6453: 6449: 6442: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6403: 6399: 6388: 6379: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6350: 6346: 6335: 6331: 6321: 6319: 6290:(26): 812–817. 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6207: 6205: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6122: 6118: 6077:Current Biology 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5928: 5924: 5917:10.1139/z03-183 5901: 5897: 5868: 5864: 5858:Cunliffe (2004) 5856: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5839:on 24 June 2015 5831: 5830: 5826: 5797: 5793: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5711: 5707: 5697: 5695: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5630: 5626: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5542: 5535: 5527: 5520: 5510: 5508: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5482: 5469: 5463:Cunliffe (2004) 5461: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5435:. 29 May 2024. 5427: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5347: 5343: 5290: 5286: 5241: 5228: 5173: 5169: 5116: 5112: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5008: 5002: 4993: 4948: 4933: 4900:(1): e1004093. 4886: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4860: 4834: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4807:1854/LU-8550758 4770: 4766: 4711: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4675: 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4606: 4602: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4512: 4475:Current Biology 4467: 4463: 4457:Wayback Machine 4444: 4431: 4376: 4369: 4364:Wayback Machine 4344: 4317: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4249: 4240: 4235: 4172: 4127:Dominican Order 4086:Hindu mythology 4074:Welsh mythology 4052:, a dog called 4050:Norse mythology 4030:Greek mythology 3937: 3931: 3923:Main articles: 3921: 3845:social supports 3832: 3830:Health benefits 3772: 3758: 3746:Winter Olympics 3719: 3713: 3657: 3630: 3624: 3588: 3582: 3489: 3456:dominance model 3440:suburbanization 3420: 3357:bite inhibition 3341: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3293:Pitcairn Island 3289:Chatham Islands 3249:Gilbert Islands 3225:Mariana Islands 3180: 3081: 3075: 3039:Siberian tigers 3017: 2988: 2987:million and 987 2984: 2977: 2972: 2929: 2928: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2904: 2901: 2894: 2888: 2883: 2877: 2824:. A study with 2818: 2812: 2778: 2747: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2574: 2553:in either sex. 2535:hemangiosarcoma 2527:prostate cancer 2484: 2446:, the dogs are 2415:sexual maturity 2400: 2394: 2385: 2379: 2266:hydatid disease 2254:definitive host 2101:hepatic disease 2045: 2039: 1939: 1929:consist of the 1918: 1912:'s "show cut". 1885: 1879: 1858: 1854: 1828:fovea centralis 1805: 1799: 1713: 1708: 1702: 1695: 1689: 1680: 1674: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1534:Bonn-Oberkassel 1530: 1524: 1499: 1493: 1399:cauda recurvata 1360:Systema Naturae 1342: 1327: 1315: 1256: 1224: 1192: 1160: 1128: 1096: 1061:(domestic dog) 991: 985: 900:, prior to the 854: 849: 841: 833: 825: 817: 809: 801: 793: 785: 777: 769: 761: 759:C. sanguinarius 753: 745: 737: 729: 721: 713: 705: 697: 689: 681: 673: 665: 657: 649: 641: 633: 625: 617: 609: 601: 593: 585: 577: 569: 561: 553: 545: 537: 529: 521: 513: 505: 497: 489: 481: 473: 465: 457: 449: 441: 433: 425: 417: 406: 395: 387: 381: 380: 364: 358: 352: 339: 247: 239: 230: 221: 220: 219: 218: 217: 209: 208: 199: 198: 197: 189: 188: 180: 179: 170: 169: 168: 160: 159: 151: 150: 135: 129: 128: 127: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 55: 54: 51: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 22033: 22023: 22022: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22002: 21997: 21992: 21987: 21982: 21977: 21962: 21961: 21949: 21926: 21925: 21923: 21922: 21909: 21896: 21883: 21870: 21857: 21844: 21831: 21818: 21805: 21792: 21779: 21766: 21751: 21735: 21733: 21727: 21726: 21724: 21723: 21710: 21700: 21687: 21674: 21661: 21648: 21635: 21622: 21609: 21596: 21583: 21570: 21554: 21552: 21546: 21545: 21531: 21530: 21523: 21520: 21519: 21517: 21516: 21510: 21503: 21501: 21497: 21496: 21494: 21493: 21487: 21480: 21478: 21474: 21473: 21471: 21470: 21465: 21459: 21457: 21453: 21452: 21450: 21449: 21443: 21437: 21430: 21428: 21424: 21423: 21421: 21420: 21415: 21413:Morris the Cat 21410: 21405: 21400: 21394: 21392: 21388: 21387: 21385: 21384: 21379: 21374: 21372:Brody the Bear 21369: 21364: 21358: 21356: 21352: 21351: 21349: 21348: 21343: 21338: 21333: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21313: 21308: 21303: 21298: 21292: 21290: 21286: 21285: 21283: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21265:Marquis Chimps 21262: 21257: 21252: 21247: 21242: 21237: 21232: 21227: 21222: 21216: 21214: 21208: 21207: 21205: 21204: 21199: 21194: 21189: 21184: 21179: 21174: 21169: 21164: 21159: 21154: 21149: 21144: 21139: 21134: 21129: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21104: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21079: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21049: 21044: 21039: 21034: 21029: 21024: 21019: 21014: 21009: 21004: 20999: 20994: 20988: 20986: 20982: 20981: 20974: 20973: 20966: 20959: 20951: 20942: 20941: 20939: 20938: 20929: 20919: 20910: 20901: 20892: 20888:C. l. manningi 20883: 20874: 20868:Eastern wolf ( 20865: 20856: 20847: 20838: 20829: 20820: 20811: 20805:Mexican wolf ( 20802: 20792: 20790: 20784: 20783: 20781: 20780: 20776:C. l. pallipes 20771: 20762: 20752:Domestic dog ( 20749: 20740: 20731: 20722: 20713: 20707:Arabian wolf ( 20704: 20694: 20692: 20686: 20685: 20683: 20682: 20674: 20666: 20660: 20654: 20648: 20642: 20635: 20632: 20631: 20620: 20619: 20612: 20605: 20597: 20588: 20587: 20584: 20583: 20580: 20579: 20576: 20575: 20572: 20571: 20569: 20568: 20564:M. strigidorsa 20559: 20550: 20541: 20532: 20523: 20517:Least weasel ( 20514: 20505: 20496: 20487: 20478: 20469: 20463:Haida ermine ( 20460: 20451: 20447:M. eversmannii 20442: 20433: 20424: 20414: 20412: 20396: 20395: 20393: 20392: 20383: 20374: 20365: 20355: 20353: 20342: 20336: 20335: 20332: 20331: 20329: 20328: 20319: 20310: 20300: 20298: 20290: 20289: 20287: 20286: 20276: 20274: 20266: 20265: 20263: 20262: 20253: 20243: 20241: 20233: 20232: 20230: 20229: 20219: 20216: 20215: 20213: 20212: 20202: 20200: 20192: 20191: 20189: 20188: 20179: 20175:L. longicaudis 20170: 20164:Marine otter ( 20161: 20151: 20149: 20141: 20140: 20138: 20137: 20127: 20121: 20107: 20106: 20103: 20102: 20099: 20098: 20096: 20095: 20086: 20076: 20074: 20066: 20065: 20063: 20062: 20052: 20049: 20048: 20046: 20045: 20035: 20033: 20022: 20008: 20007: 20004: 20003: 20001: 20000: 19991: 19981: 19979: 19963: 19962: 19960: 19959: 19949: 19943: 19934: 19928: 19927: 19924: 19923: 19921: 19920: 19911: 19902: 19893: 19884: 19878:Beech marten ( 19875: 19866: 19857: 19847: 19845: 19829: 19828: 19826: 19825: 19815: 19813: 19805: 19804: 19802: 19801: 19791: 19789: 19781: 19780: 19778: 19777: 19767: 19761: 19755: 19754: 19752: 19751: 19742: 19733: 19724: 19715: 19706: 19696: 19694: 19678: 19677: 19674: 19673: 19671: 19670: 19661: 19655:Asian badger ( 19652: 19643: 19633: 19631: 19623: 19622: 19620: 19619: 19610: 19601: 19597:A. albogularis 19591: 19589: 19578: 19564: 19563: 19561: 19560: 19554:Honey badger ( 19550: 19548: 19540: 19539: 19537: 19536: 19526: 19520: 19515: 19508: 19507: 19495: 19494: 19491: 19490: 19487: 19486: 19484: 19483: 19482: 19481: 19475: 19473: 19467: 19466: 19463: 19462: 19459: 19458: 19456: 19455: 19446: 19436: 19434: 19426: 19425: 19423: 19422: 19413: 19403: 19401: 19390: 19376: 19375: 19373: 19372: 19363: 19354: 19345: 19335: 19333: 19317: 19316: 19314: 19313: 19304: 19295: 19291:P. cancrivorus 19285: 19283: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19263: 19259:B. sumichrasti 19254: 19244: 19242: 19234: 19233: 19231: 19230: 19220: 19214: 19208: 19207: 19204: 19203: 19201: 19200: 19191: 19182: 19173: 19163: 19161: 19145: 19144: 19142: 19141: 19132: 19122: 19120: 19104: 19103: 19101: 19100: 19091: 19085:Hooded skunk ( 19081: 19079: 19071: 19070: 19068: 19067: 19058: 19049: 19040: 19030: 19028: 19009: 18991: 18990: 18988: 18987: 18977: 18975: 18965: 18964: 18952: 18951: 18948: 18947: 18944: 18943: 18940: 18939: 18936: 18935: 18932: 18931: 18929: 18928: 18919: 18910: 18904:Weddell seal ( 18901: 18895:Leopard seal ( 18891: 18885: 18871: 18870: 18868: 18867: 18858: 18848: 18846: 18830: 18829: 18826: 18825: 18823: 18822: 18812: 18810: 18802: 18801: 18799: 18798: 18788: 18782: 18765: 18751: 18750: 18747: 18746: 18743: 18742: 18740: 18739: 18730: 18721: 18715:Caspian seal ( 18711: 18709: 18701: 18700: 18698: 18697: 18688: 18682:Spotted seal ( 18678: 18676: 18668: 18667: 18665: 18664: 18655: 18646: 18636: 18630: 18624: 18623: 18621: 18620: 18611: 18605:Bearded seal ( 18601: 18595: 18578: 18574:or true seals) 18572:(earless seals 18562: 18561: 18558: 18557: 18555: 18554: 18545: 18536: 18527: 18518: 18509: 18500: 18491: 18481: 18479: 18471: 18470: 18468: 18467: 18457: 18454: 18453: 18451: 18450: 18440: 18438: 18430: 18429: 18427: 18426: 18416: 18413: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18406: 18405: 18396: 18386: 18384: 18376: 18375: 18373: 18372: 18362: 18356: 18350: 18349: 18347: 18346: 18336: 18334: 18323: 18298: 18297: 18295: 18294: 18284: 18282: 18272: 18271: 18256: 18255: 18252: 18251: 18248: 18247: 18244: 18243: 18240: 18239: 18237: 18236: 18235: 18234: 18228: 18226: 18220: 18219: 18217: 18216: 18215: 18214: 18208: 18206: 18190: 18184: 18183: 18180: 18179: 18176: 18175: 18173: 18172: 18163: 18154: 18145: 18135: 18133: 18125: 18124: 18122: 18121: 18112: 18102: 18096: 18090: 18089: 18087: 18086: 18076: 18074: 18066: 18065: 18063: 18062: 18058:A. melanoleuca 18052: 18050: 18039: 18024: 18019: 18016: 18015: 18012: 18011: 18008: 18007: 18004: 18003: 18001: 18000: 17991: 17982: 17976:Eastern wolf ( 17973: 17964: 17958:African wolf ( 17955: 17946: 17940:Domestic dog ( 17937: 17927: 17925: 17917: 17916: 17914: 17913: 17904: 17894: 17891: 17890: 17888: 17887: 17878: 17868: 17866: 17855: 17843: 17842: 17839: 17838: 17836: 17835: 17826: 17820:Sechuran fox ( 17817: 17813:L. gymnocercus 17808: 17799: 17793:Darwin's fox ( 17790: 17780: 17778: 17770: 17769: 17767: 17766: 17757: 17747: 17744: 17743: 17741: 17740: 17730: 17728: 17720: 17719: 17717: 17716: 17706: 17700: 17685: 17673: 17672: 17669: 17668: 17666: 17665: 17656: 17647: 17638: 17629: 17620: 17611: 17602: 17593: 17584: 17575: 17566: 17562:V. bengalensis 17556: 17554: 17536: 17535: 17533: 17532: 17523: 17513: 17511: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17499: 17489: 17483: 17477: 17476: 17474: 17473: 17464: 17454: 17452: 17441: 17431: 17424: 17423: 17408: 17407: 17404: 17403: 17400: 17399: 17396: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17388: 17387: 17385: 17384: 17375: 17366: 17357: 17348: 17338: 17336: 17328: 17327: 17325: 17324: 17315: 17306: 17302:B. crassicauda 17296: 17294: 17286: 17285: 17283: 17282: 17273: 17264: 17255: 17245: 17242: 17241: 17239: 17238: 17229: 17220: 17211: 17202: 17193: 17184: 17175: 17166: 17156: 17154: 17146: 17145: 17143: 17142: 17133: 17123: 17117: 17111: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17104: 17103: 17094: 17085: 17076: 17066: 17064: 17056: 17055: 17053: 17052: 17043: 17033: 17031: 17023: 17022: 17020: 17019: 17009: 17006: 17005: 17003: 17002: 16993: 16983: 16981: 16973: 16972: 16970: 16969: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16953: 16952: 16942: 16940: 16929: 16920: 16902: 16901: 16898: 16897: 16894: 16893: 16891: 16890: 16881: 16871: 16869: 16861: 16860: 16858: 16857: 16847: 16844: 16843: 16841: 16840: 16836:G. grandidieri 16831: 16821: 16819: 16811: 16810: 16808: 16807: 16797: 16791: 16785: 16784: 16781: 16780: 16778: 16777: 16768: 16758: 16756: 16748: 16747: 16745: 16744: 16735: 16725: 16719: 16710: 16693: 16683: 16680: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16672: 16671: 16668: 16667: 16665: 16664: 16654: 16652: 16644: 16643: 16641: 16640: 16631: 16621: 16615: 16603: 16602: 16600: 16599: 16589: 16587: 16576: 16556: 16555: 16543: 16542: 16539: 16538: 16535: 16534: 16531: 16530: 16528: 16527: 16526: 16525: 16519: 16517: 16507: 16506: 16503: 16502: 16499: 16498: 16495: 16494: 16491: 16490: 16488: 16487: 16478: 16469: 16460: 16451: 16442: 16433: 16424: 16415: 16406: 16400:Letaba genet ( 16397: 16388: 16382:Common genet ( 16379: 16370: 16361: 16352: 16342: 16340: 16326: 16325: 16323: 16322: 16313: 16303: 16301: 16284: 16278: 16277: 16274: 16273: 16271: 16270: 16261: 16252: 16243: 16233: 16231: 16223: 16222: 16220: 16219: 16210: 16200: 16194: 16179: 16167: 16160: 16159: 16156: 16155: 16153: 16152: 16148:P. zeylonensis 16143: 16134: 16124: 16122: 16114: 16113: 16111: 16110: 16106:Paguma larvata 16101: 16092: 16083: 16073: 16067: 16061: 16060: 16058: 16057: 16048: 16039: 16030: 16020: 16018: 16009: 16004: 15997: 15996: 15984: 15983: 15980: 15979: 15976: 15975: 15972: 15971: 15969: 15968: 15967: 15966: 15960: 15958: 15952: 15951: 15948: 15947: 15944: 15943: 15940: 15939: 15936: 15935: 15932: 15931: 15929: 15928: 15919: 15910: 15901: 15892: 15883: 15877:Domestic cat ( 15874: 15864: 15862: 15854: 15853: 15850: 15849: 15847: 15846: 15837: 15833:P. rubiginosus 15828: 15819: 15810: 15806:P. bengalensis 15800: 15798: 15790: 15789: 15787: 15786: 15780:Pallas's cat ( 15776: 15770: 15764: 15763: 15760: 15759: 15757: 15756: 15746: 15744: 15736: 15735: 15733: 15732: 15722: 15719: 15718: 15716: 15715: 15705: 15703: 15692: 15686: 15685: 15683: 15682: 15673: 15667:Iberian lynx ( 15664: 15655: 15645: 15643: 15635: 15634: 15632: 15631: 15622: 15613: 15604: 15595: 15586: 15577: 15568: 15558: 15556: 15548: 15547: 15544: 15543: 15541: 15540: 15531: 15521: 15519: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15507: 15497: 15491: 15485: 15484: 15481: 15480: 15478: 15477: 15468: 15458: 15456: 15448: 15447: 15445: 15444: 15434: 15432: 15421: 15412: 15402: 15399: 15398: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15390: 15388: 15387: 15378: 15369: 15360: 15351: 15345:Snow leopard ( 15341: 15339: 15331: 15330: 15328: 15327: 15318: 15308: 15306: 15295: 15282: 15272: 15265: 15264: 15262: 15261: 15252: 15242: 15240: 15224: 15219: 15212: 15211: 15209: 15208: 15198: 15192: 15187: 15180: 15179: 15164: 15163: 15161: 15160: 15158:Laurasiatheria 15154: 15148: 15142: 15136: 15129: 15126: 15125: 15116: 15115: 15108: 15101: 15093: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15080: 15070: 15059: 15056: 15055: 15053: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15031: 15029: 15025: 15024: 15022: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15009:Crate training 15006: 15000: 14998: 14992: 14991: 14989: 14988: 14983: 14981:Skin disorders 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14917: 14915: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14834: 14833: 14828: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14786:Animal testing 14782: 14780: 14774: 14773: 14771: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14759: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14737: 14735: 14729: 14728: 14726: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14642: 14641: 14640: 14639: 14629: 14624: 14623: 14622: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14595:Assistance dog 14591: 14589: 14585: 14584: 14582: 14581: 14576: 14574:Extinct breeds 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14554:List of breeds 14550: 14548: 14542: 14541: 14539: 14538: 14533: 14532: 14531: 14521: 14520: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14487: 14486: 14485: 14484: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14463: 14462: 14461: 14460: 14459: 14449: 14448: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14422: 14421: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14390: 14389: 14388: 14383: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14346: 14341: 14340: 14339: 14334: 14324: 14318: 14316: 14310: 14309: 14302: 14301: 14294: 14287: 14279: 14273: 14272: 14259: 14247: 14234: 14217: 14211: 14206: 14195: 14194:External links 14192: 14191: 14190: 14176: 14150: 14144: 14129: 14123: 14100: 14094: 14081: 14072: 14066: 14050: 14044: 14031: 14025: 14009: 13995: 13976: 13973: 13970: 13969: 13962: 13930: 13914: 13898: 13872: 13841: 13811: 13780: 13773: 13753: 13724: 13698: 13672: 13657:(6 ed.). 13643: 13636: 13612: 13589: 13557: 13550: 13517: 13498: 13473: 13443: 13436: 13410: 13403: 13384: 13367: 13308: 13265: 13258: 13240: 13213:(8): 482–489. 13197: 13166:(5): 750–759. 13146: 13111: 13059: 13040:(2): 233–243. 13021: 12986: 12959:(4): 303–310. 12943: 12891: 12876:(#5). Part I. 12856: 12827:(4): 397–400. 12807: 12786:"Toxocariasis" 12777: 12760:"Toxocariasis" 12750: 12701: 12669: 12640:(2): 649–651. 12620: 12587: 12569: 12542: 12512: 12482: 12465:Sentient Media 12451: 12427: 12400: 12365: 12329: 12298: 12262: 12228: 12217:(6): 513–532. 12201: 12171: 12144: 12114: 12081: 12052: 12020: 11989: 11962: 11955: 11933: 11902: 11871: 11852: 11832: 11799: 11769: 11738: 11707: 11677: 11656:(2): 115–120. 11636: 11585: 11554:(4): 469–474. 11534: 11501: 11483:The New Yorker 11468: 11437: 11430: 11422:10.1201/b11265 11404: 11393:(3): 292–300. 11377: 11351: 11321: 11310:(3): 135–144. 11294: 11267: 11260: 11242: 11223:(1): 107–131. 11200: 11185:(2): 300–327. 11160: 11149:(5): 535–555. 11126: 11119: 11099: 11048: 11041: 11016: 10983: 10949: 10913: 10886: 10879: 10865:. OUP Oxford. 10853: 10794: 10772: 10752: 10722: 10700: 10677: 10674:. p. 188. 10653: 10607: 10589: 10576:(3): 257–267. 10556: 10549: 10531: 10498: 10479: 10457: 10427: 10397: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10269: 10262: 10238: 10211: 10191: 10180:(4): 295–306. 10160: 10101: 10066: 10055: 10029: 9999: 9980: 9960: 9953: 9935: 9916:(2): 101–105. 9892: 9880: 9834: 9807: 9800: 9772: 9721: 9702: 9680: 9645: 9614:(4): 754–762. 9594: 9571:(2): 125–132. 9548: 9499: 9446: 9419:(4): 525–533. 9401: 9357:(5): 574–578. 9334: 9307: 9277: 9247: 9217: 9187: 9154: 9093: 9032: 9025: 9007: 8970:(9): 763–766. 8950: 8911: 8852: 8803: 8782:(4): 513–521. 8758: 8729:(4): 335–363. 8709: 8702: 8680: 8663:PBS Pet Travel 8650: 8620: 8590: 8559: 8552: 8526: 8490: 8460: 8406: 8355: 8304: 8293:(3): 281–286. 8277: 8248:(2): 106–114. 8228: 8169: 8138: 8108: 8057: 8027: 7978: 7927: 7870: 7863: 7837: 7818:(6): 299–313. 7789: 7730: 7664: 7657: 7631: 7588: 7529: 7500:(1): 103–110. 7480: 7445: 7402: 7348: 7333: 7307: 7264: 7245:(2): 177–182. 7229: 7186: 7139:(7): e102241. 7119: 7093: 7086: 7063: 7022: 6991: 6980:(6): 271–276. 6963: 6956: 6938: 6911: 6885: 6874:on 3 June 2013 6859: 6833: 6806: 6774: 6747: 6690: 6636: 6629: 6611: 6549: 6496: 6467:(2): 187–198. 6447: 6440: 6422: 6415: 6397: 6377: 6368:"Rabies facts" 6359: 6344: 6329: 6270: 6245: 6215: 6185: 6155: 6116: 6063: 6031: 6001: 5971: 5922: 5895: 5862: 5850: 5824: 5791: 5732: 5725: 5705: 5675: 5624: 5563: 5556: 5533: 5518: 5488: 5467: 5450: 5420: 5409:. 14 June 2024 5394: 5363:(4): 697–708. 5341: 5284: 5255:(4): 810–824. 5226: 5167: 5110: 5053: 5019:(8): 449–460. 4991: 4931: 4877: 4858: 4825: 4764: 4700: 4655: 4643: 4600: 4573:(3): 247–257. 4557: 4550: 4522: 4510: 4461: 4429: 4367: 4342: 4308: 4276: 4269: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4185: 4179: 4171: 4168: 4119:Roman Catholic 4070:Chinvat Bridge 3954:, depicted by 3920: 3917: 3831: 3828: 3803:Toxocara canis 3792:road accidents 3757: 3754: 3715:Main article: 3712: 3709: 3626:Main article: 3623: 3620: 3612:Weight pulling 3608:breed standard 3581: 3578: 3513:detection dogs 3505:rodent control 3488: 3485: 3428:Siberian husky 3419: 3416: 3337:Main article: 3334: 3331: 3324: 3304: 3303: 3221: 3210: 3195: 3179: 3176: 3128:selenocysteine 3074: 3071: 3047:Striped hyenas 3016: 3013: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2919: 2913: 2902: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2879:Main article: 2876: 2873: 2864:theory of mind 2849:spatial memory 2814:Main article: 2811: 2808: 2777: 2774: 2712:chronic stress 2641:Main article: 2638: 2635: 2573: 2570: 2511:mammary glands 2509:affecting the 2503:hypersexuality 2493:, which is an 2483: 2480: 2452:bulbus glandis 2438:. Because the 2396:Main article: 2393: 2390: 2378: 2375: 2274:pasteurellosis 2193:conjunctivitis 2153:nervous system 2149:hypothyroidism 2073:cardiovascular 2069:heart diseases 2041:Main article: 2038: 2035: 2019:questionnaires 1995:splitting tail 1938: 1935: 1917: 1914: 1881:Main article: 1878: 1875: 1817:magnetic field 1798: 1795: 1712: 1709: 1704:Main article: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1683: 1681: 1675: 1668: 1620:Main article: 1617: 1614: 1526:Main article: 1523: 1520: 1495:Main article: 1492: 1489: 1455:junior synonym 1349: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1338: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1144:Ethiopian wolf 1140: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1001: 998: 997: 984: 981: 856: 855: 853: 852: 844: 836: 828: 820: 812: 804: 799:C. terraenovae 796: 788: 780: 772: 770:Linnaeus, 1758 764: 756: 748: 740: 732: 724: 716: 708: 706:Linnaeus, 1758 700: 692: 684: 682:Linnaeus, 1758 676: 668: 666:Linnaeus, 1758 660: 652: 644: 636: 628: 620: 612: 604: 596: 588: 580: 572: 564: 556: 554:Linnaeus, 1758 548: 540: 532: 524: 522:Linnaeus, 1758 516: 508: 500: 492: 490:Linnaeus, 1758 484: 476: 468: 460: 452: 444: 442:Linnaeus, 1758 436: 428: 423:C. antarcticus 420: 412: 401: 397:C. E. H. Smith 390: 388:Linnaeus, 1758 378: 377: 376: 373: 372: 366: 365: 359: 348: 347: 341: 340: 333: 331: 327: 326: 319: 315: 314: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 289: 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 259: 255: 254: 241: 240: 235: 232: 231: 226: 223: 222: 211: 210: 202: 201: 200: 191: 190: 182: 181: 173: 172: 171: 162: 161: 153: 152: 144: 143: 142: 141: 140: 137: 136: 124: 123: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 56:0.0142–0 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22032: 22021: 22020:English words 22018: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 22001: 22000:Animal models 21998: 21996: 21993: 21991: 21988: 21986: 21983: 21981: 21978: 21976: 21973: 21972: 21970: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21948: 21943: 21938: 21937: 21934: 21919: 21914: 21910: 21906: 21901: 21897: 21893: 21888: 21884: 21880: 21875: 21871: 21867: 21862: 21858: 21854: 21849: 21845: 21841: 21836: 21832: 21828: 21823: 21819: 21815: 21810: 21806: 21802: 21797: 21793: 21789: 21784: 21780: 21776: 21771: 21767: 21762: 21756: 21752: 21747: 21741: 21737: 21736: 21734: 21732: 21728: 21720: 21715: 21711: 21707: 21701: 21697: 21692: 21688: 21684: 21679: 21675: 21671: 21666: 21662: 21658: 21653: 21649: 21645: 21640: 21636: 21632: 21627: 21623: 21619: 21614: 21610: 21606: 21601: 21597: 21593: 21588: 21584: 21580: 21575: 21571: 21566: 21560: 21556: 21555: 21553: 21551: 21547: 21543: 21538: 21528: 21527: 21521: 21514: 21511: 21508: 21505: 21504: 21502: 21498: 21491: 21488: 21485: 21482: 21481: 21479: 21475: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21460: 21458: 21454: 21447: 21444: 21441: 21438: 21435: 21432: 21431: 21429: 21425: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21399: 21396: 21395: 21393: 21389: 21383: 21380: 21378: 21375: 21373: 21370: 21368: 21365: 21363: 21362:Bart the Bear 21360: 21359: 21357: 21353: 21347: 21346:Wonder horses 21344: 21342: 21339: 21337: 21334: 21332: 21329: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21319: 21317: 21314: 21312: 21309: 21307: 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21293: 21291: 21287: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21263: 21261: 21258: 21256: 21253: 21251: 21248: 21246: 21243: 21241: 21238: 21236: 21233: 21231: 21230:J. Fred Muggs 21228: 21226: 21223: 21221: 21218: 21217: 21215: 21209: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21193: 21190: 21188: 21185: 21183: 21180: 21178: 21175: 21173: 21170: 21168: 21165: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21152:Silver Streak 21150: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21053: 21050: 21048: 21045: 21043: 21040: 21038: 21035: 21033: 21030: 21028: 21025: 21023: 21020: 21018: 21015: 21013: 21010: 21008: 21005: 21003: 21000: 20998: 20995: 20993: 20990: 20989: 20987: 20983: 20979: 20978:Animal actors 20972: 20967: 20965: 20960: 20958: 20953: 20952: 20949: 20937: 20935: 20930: 20927: 20925: 20920: 20918: 20916: 20911: 20909: 20907: 20902: 20900: 20898: 20893: 20891: 20889: 20884: 20882: 20880: 20875: 20873: 20871: 20866: 20864: 20862: 20857: 20855: 20853: 20848: 20846: 20844: 20839: 20837: 20835: 20830: 20828: 20826: 20821: 20819: 20817: 20812: 20810: 20808: 20807:C. l. baileyi 20803: 20801: 20799: 20796:Arctic wolf ( 20794: 20793: 20791: 20785: 20779: 20777: 20774:Indian wolf ( 20772: 20770: 20768: 20763: 20761: 20759: 20758:C. familiaris 20755: 20750: 20748: 20746: 20741: 20739: 20737: 20732: 20730: 20728: 20723: 20721: 20719: 20716:Steppe wolf ( 20714: 20712: 20710: 20705: 20703: 20701: 20698:Tundra wolf ( 20696: 20695: 20693: 20687: 20681: 20680: 20675: 20673: 20672: 20667: 20665: 20661: 20659: 20655: 20653: 20649: 20647: 20643: 20641: 20637: 20636: 20633: 20629: 20626: 20618: 20613: 20611: 20606: 20604: 20599: 20598: 20595: 20567: 20565: 20560: 20558: 20556: 20551: 20549: 20547: 20542: 20540: 20538: 20533: 20531: 20529: 20524: 20522: 20520: 20515: 20513: 20511: 20506: 20504: 20502: 20501:M. lutreolina 20497: 20495: 20493: 20488: 20486: 20484: 20479: 20477: 20475: 20470: 20468: 20466: 20461: 20459: 20457: 20452: 20450: 20448: 20443: 20441: 20439: 20434: 20432: 20430: 20425: 20423: 20421: 20416: 20415: 20413: 20403: 20402: 20397: 20391: 20389: 20384: 20382: 20380: 20375: 20373: 20371: 20366: 20364: 20362: 20357: 20356: 20354: 20352: 20351: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20337: 20327: 20325: 20320: 20318: 20316: 20311: 20309: 20307: 20302: 20301: 20299: 20297: 20296: 20291: 20285: 20283: 20278: 20277: 20275: 20273: 20272: 20267: 20261: 20259: 20254: 20252: 20250: 20245: 20244: 20242: 20240: 20239: 20234: 20228: 20226: 20221: 20220: 20217: 20211: 20209: 20204: 20203: 20201: 20199: 20198: 20193: 20187: 20185: 20180: 20178: 20176: 20171: 20169: 20167: 20162: 20160: 20158: 20157:L. canadensis 20153: 20152: 20150: 20148: 20147: 20142: 20136: 20134: 20131:Giant otter ( 20129: 20128: 20125: 20122: 20112: 20108: 20094: 20092: 20087: 20085: 20083: 20078: 20077: 20075: 20073: 20072: 20067: 20061: 20059: 20054: 20053: 20050: 20044: 20042: 20037: 20036: 20034: 20032: 20031: 20026: 20023: 20013: 20009: 19999: 19997: 19992: 19990: 19988: 19983: 19982: 19980: 19970: 19969: 19964: 19958: 19956: 19951: 19950: 19947: 19944: 19942: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19929: 19919: 19917: 19912: 19910: 19908: 19903: 19901: 19899: 19894: 19892: 19890: 19889:M. gwatkinsii 19885: 19883: 19881: 19876: 19874: 19872: 19867: 19865: 19863: 19858: 19856: 19854: 19849: 19848: 19846: 19836: 19835: 19830: 19824: 19822: 19817: 19816: 19814: 19812: 19811: 19806: 19800: 19798: 19793: 19792: 19790: 19788: 19787: 19782: 19776: 19774: 19769: 19768: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19756: 19750: 19748: 19743: 19741: 19739: 19734: 19732: 19730: 19729:M. orientalis 19725: 19723: 19721: 19716: 19714: 19712: 19707: 19705: 19703: 19698: 19697: 19695: 19685: 19684: 19679: 19669: 19667: 19662: 19660: 19658: 19653: 19651: 19649: 19644: 19642: 19640: 19635: 19634: 19632: 19630: 19629: 19624: 19618: 19616: 19611: 19609: 19607: 19602: 19600: 19598: 19593: 19592: 19590: 19588: 19587: 19582: 19579: 19569: 19565: 19559: 19557: 19552: 19551: 19549: 19547: 19546: 19541: 19535: 19533: 19532:Taxidea taxus 19528: 19527: 19524: 19521: 19518: 19513: 19509: 19505: 19500: 19496: 19479: 19478: 19477: 19476: 19474: 19472: 19468: 19454: 19452: 19447: 19445: 19443: 19442:N. meridensis 19438: 19437: 19435: 19433: 19432: 19427: 19421: 19419: 19414: 19412: 19410: 19405: 19404: 19402: 19400: 19399: 19394: 19391: 19381: 19377: 19371: 19369: 19364: 19362: 19360: 19355: 19353: 19351: 19346: 19344: 19342: 19337: 19336: 19334: 19324: 19323: 19318: 19312: 19310: 19305: 19303: 19301: 19296: 19294: 19292: 19287: 19286: 19284: 19274: 19273: 19268: 19262: 19260: 19255: 19253: 19251: 19246: 19245: 19243: 19241: 19240: 19235: 19229: 19227: 19222: 19221: 19218: 19215: 19213: 19209: 19199: 19197: 19192: 19190: 19188: 19183: 19181: 19179: 19174: 19172: 19170: 19165: 19164: 19162: 19152: 19151: 19146: 19140: 19138: 19133: 19131: 19129: 19128:M. javanensis 19124: 19123: 19121: 19111: 19110: 19105: 19099: 19097: 19092: 19090: 19088: 19083: 19082: 19080: 19078: 19077: 19072: 19066: 19064: 19059: 19057: 19055: 19054:C. leuconotus 19050: 19048: 19046: 19045:C. humboldtii 19041: 19039: 19037: 19032: 19031: 19029: 19019: 19018: 19013: 19010: 19004: 18996: 18992: 18986: 18984: 18979: 18978: 18976: 18974: 18970: 18966: 18962: 18957: 18953: 18927: 18925: 18920: 18918: 18916: 18911: 18909: 18907: 18902: 18900: 18898: 18893: 18892: 18889: 18886: 18876: 18872: 18866: 18864: 18859: 18857: 18855: 18850: 18849: 18847: 18837: 18836: 18831: 18821: 18819: 18814: 18813: 18811: 18809: 18808: 18803: 18797: 18795: 18790: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18773: 18769: 18766: 18756: 18752: 18738: 18736: 18733:Baikal seal ( 18731: 18729: 18727: 18724:Ringed seal ( 18722: 18720: 18718: 18713: 18712: 18710: 18708: 18707: 18702: 18696: 18694: 18691:Harbor seal ( 18689: 18687: 18685: 18680: 18679: 18677: 18675: 18674: 18669: 18663: 18661: 18656: 18654: 18652: 18649:Ribbon seal ( 18647: 18645: 18643: 18638: 18637: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18625: 18619: 18617: 18614:Hooded seal ( 18612: 18610: 18608: 18603: 18602: 18599: 18596: 18586: 18582: 18579: 18567: 18563: 18553: 18551: 18550:A. tropicalis 18546: 18544: 18542: 18537: 18535: 18533: 18528: 18526: 18524: 18519: 18517: 18515: 18510: 18508: 18506: 18501: 18499: 18497: 18492: 18490: 18488: 18483: 18482: 18480: 18478: 18477: 18476:Arctocephalus 18472: 18466: 18464: 18459: 18458: 18455: 18449: 18447: 18442: 18441: 18439: 18437: 18436: 18431: 18425: 18423: 18418: 18417: 18414: 18404: 18402: 18401:Z. wollebaeki 18397: 18395: 18393: 18388: 18387: 18385: 18383: 18382: 18377: 18371: 18369: 18364: 18363: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18351: 18345: 18343: 18338: 18337: 18335: 18333: 18332: 18327: 18324: 18318: 18313: 18309:(eared seals: 18304: 18299: 18293: 18291: 18286: 18285: 18283: 18281: 18277: 18273: 18269: 18261: 18257: 18232: 18231: 18230: 18229: 18227: 18225: 18221: 18212: 18211: 18210: 18209: 18207: 18198: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18185: 18171: 18169: 18164: 18162: 18160: 18155: 18153: 18151: 18150:U. thibetanus 18146: 18144: 18142: 18141:U. americanus 18137: 18136: 18134: 18132: 18131: 18126: 18120: 18118: 18113: 18111: 18109: 18104: 18103: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18091: 18085: 18083: 18078: 18077: 18075: 18073: 18072: 18067: 18061: 18059: 18056:Giant panda ( 18054: 18053: 18051: 18049: 18048: 18043: 18040: 18032: 18028: 18025: 18022: 18017: 17999: 17997: 17992: 17990: 17988: 17983: 17981: 17979: 17974: 17972: 17970: 17965: 17963: 17961: 17956: 17954: 17952: 17947: 17945: 17943: 17942:C. familiaris 17938: 17936: 17934: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17924: 17923: 17918: 17912: 17910: 17905: 17903: 17901: 17900:Lycaon pictus 17896: 17895: 17892: 17886: 17884: 17879: 17877: 17875: 17870: 17869: 17867: 17865: 17864: 17859: 17856: 17848: 17844: 17834: 17832: 17827: 17825: 17823: 17818: 17816: 17814: 17809: 17807: 17805: 17800: 17798: 17796: 17791: 17789: 17787: 17782: 17781: 17779: 17777: 17776: 17771: 17765: 17763: 17758: 17756: 17754: 17749: 17748: 17745: 17739: 17737: 17732: 17731: 17729: 17727: 17726: 17721: 17715: 17713: 17708: 17707: 17704: 17701: 17693: 17689: 17686: 17678: 17674: 17664: 17662: 17657: 17655: 17653: 17648: 17646: 17644: 17639: 17637: 17635: 17630: 17628: 17626: 17621: 17619: 17617: 17612: 17610: 17608: 17603: 17601: 17599: 17596:Tibetan fox ( 17594: 17592: 17590: 17585: 17583: 17581: 17576: 17574: 17572: 17567: 17565: 17563: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17550: 17543: 17542: 17537: 17531: 17529: 17528:N. viverrinus 17524: 17522: 17520: 17515: 17514: 17512: 17510: 17509: 17504: 17498: 17496: 17491: 17490: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17478: 17472: 17470: 17469:U. littoralis 17465: 17463: 17461: 17456: 17455: 17453: 17451: 17450: 17445: 17442: 17434: 17429: 17425: 17421: 17413: 17409: 17383: 17381: 17376: 17374: 17372: 17367: 17365: 17363: 17358: 17356: 17354: 17349: 17347: 17345: 17344:H. flavescens 17340: 17339: 17337: 17335: 17334: 17329: 17323: 17321: 17316: 17314: 17312: 17307: 17305: 17303: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17293: 17292: 17287: 17281: 17279: 17274: 17272: 17270: 17265: 17263: 17261: 17256: 17254: 17252: 17247: 17246: 17243: 17237: 17235: 17234:U. vitticolla 17230: 17228: 17226: 17221: 17219: 17217: 17212: 17210: 17208: 17203: 17201: 17199: 17194: 17192: 17190: 17185: 17183: 17181: 17176: 17174: 17172: 17167: 17165: 17163: 17158: 17157: 17155: 17153: 17152: 17147: 17141: 17139: 17138:Xenogale naso 17134: 17132: 17130: 17125: 17124: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17112: 17102: 17100: 17095: 17093: 17091: 17086: 17084: 17082: 17077: 17075: 17073: 17068: 17067: 17065: 17063: 17062: 17057: 17051: 17049: 17044: 17042: 17040: 17035: 17034: 17032: 17030: 17029: 17024: 17018: 17016: 17011: 17010: 17007: 17001: 16999: 16994: 16992: 16990: 16985: 16984: 16982: 16980: 16979: 16974: 16968: 16966: 16961: 16960: 16957: 16951: 16949: 16944: 16943: 16941: 16939: 16938: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16924: 16921: 16912: 16911:sensu stricto 16907: 16903: 16889: 16887: 16882: 16880: 16878: 16873: 16872: 16870: 16868: 16867: 16862: 16856: 16854: 16849: 16848: 16845: 16839: 16837: 16832: 16830: 16828: 16823: 16822: 16820: 16818: 16817: 16812: 16806: 16804: 16799: 16798: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16786: 16776: 16774: 16769: 16767: 16765: 16760: 16759: 16757: 16755: 16754: 16749: 16743: 16741: 16740:Fossa fossana 16736: 16734: 16732: 16727: 16726: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16714: 16711: 16701: 16697: 16694: 16690: 16686: 16681: 16663: 16661: 16656: 16655: 16653: 16651: 16650: 16645: 16639: 16637: 16634:Brown hyena ( 16632: 16630: 16628: 16627:Hyaena hyaena 16623: 16622: 16619: 16616: 16608: 16604: 16598: 16596: 16591: 16590: 16588: 16586: 16585: 16580: 16577: 16569: 16565: 16561: 16557: 16553: 16548: 16544: 16523: 16522: 16521: 16520: 16518: 16516: 16512: 16508: 16486: 16484: 16479: 16477: 16475: 16470: 16468: 16466: 16461: 16459: 16457: 16454:Hausa genet ( 16452: 16450: 16448: 16443: 16441: 16439: 16434: 16432: 16430: 16425: 16423: 16421: 16416: 16414: 16412: 16407: 16405: 16403: 16398: 16396: 16394: 16389: 16387: 16385: 16380: 16378: 16376: 16371: 16369: 16367: 16362: 16360: 16358: 16357:G. angolensis 16353: 16351: 16349: 16348:G. abyssinica 16344: 16343: 16341: 16333: 16332: 16327: 16321: 16319: 16314: 16312: 16310: 16305: 16304: 16302: 16294: 16293: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16279: 16269: 16267: 16262: 16260: 16258: 16257:V. tangalunga 16253: 16251: 16249: 16244: 16242: 16240: 16235: 16234: 16232: 16230: 16229: 16224: 16218: 16216: 16211: 16209: 16207: 16202: 16201: 16198: 16195: 16192: 16191:sensu stricto 16187: 16183: 16180: 16176: 16171: 16165: 16161: 16151: 16149: 16144: 16142: 16140: 16135: 16133: 16131: 16126: 16125: 16123: 16121: 16120: 16115: 16109: 16107: 16102: 16100: 16098: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16084: 16082: 16080: 16075: 16074: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16065:Paradoxurinae 16062: 16056: 16054: 16049: 16047: 16045: 16040: 16038: 16036: 16033:Otter civet ( 16031: 16029: 16027: 16022: 16021: 16019: 16017: 16013: 16010: 16007: 16002: 15998: 15994: 15989: 15985: 15964: 15963: 15962: 15961: 15959: 15957: 15953: 15927: 15925: 15924:F. silvestris 15920: 15918: 15916: 15911: 15909: 15907: 15902: 15900: 15898: 15893: 15891: 15889: 15884: 15882: 15880: 15875: 15873: 15871: 15866: 15865: 15863: 15861: 15860: 15855: 15845: 15843: 15842:P. viverrinus 15840:Fishing cat ( 15838: 15836: 15834: 15829: 15827: 15825: 15820: 15818: 15816: 15815:P. javanensis 15811: 15809: 15807: 15804:Leopard cat ( 15802: 15801: 15799: 15797: 15796: 15791: 15785: 15783: 15778: 15777: 15774: 15771: 15765: 15755: 15753: 15748: 15747: 15745: 15743: 15742: 15737: 15731: 15729: 15724: 15723: 15720: 15714: 15712: 15707: 15706: 15704: 15702: 15701: 15696: 15693: 15687: 15681: 15679: 15674: 15672: 15670: 15665: 15663: 15661: 15656: 15654: 15652: 15651:L. canadensis 15649:Canada lynx ( 15647: 15646: 15644: 15642: 15641: 15636: 15630: 15628: 15623: 15621: 15619: 15614: 15612: 15610: 15605: 15603: 15601: 15596: 15594: 15592: 15587: 15585: 15583: 15578: 15576: 15574: 15569: 15567: 15565: 15560: 15559: 15557: 15555: 15554: 15549: 15539: 15537: 15532: 15530: 15528: 15523: 15522: 15520: 15518: 15517: 15512: 15506: 15504: 15499: 15498: 15495: 15492: 15486: 15476: 15474: 15473:C. temminckii 15469: 15467: 15465: 15460: 15459: 15457: 15455: 15454: 15449: 15443: 15441: 15438:Marbled cat ( 15436: 15435: 15433: 15431: 15430: 15425: 15422: 15416: 15413: 15409: 15408:sensu stricto 15405: 15400: 15386: 15384: 15379: 15377: 15375: 15370: 15368: 15366: 15361: 15359: 15357: 15352: 15350: 15348: 15343: 15342: 15340: 15338: 15337: 15332: 15326: 15324: 15319: 15317: 15315: 15310: 15309: 15307: 15305: 15304: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15290: 15286: 15283: 15275: 15270: 15266: 15260: 15258: 15257:P. pardicolor 15253: 15251: 15249: 15244: 15243: 15241: 15234: 15233: 15228: 15225: 15222: 15217: 15213: 15207: 15205: 15200: 15199: 15196: 15193: 15190: 15185: 15181: 15177: 15169: 15165: 15159: 15155: 15153: 15149: 15147: 15143: 15141: 15137: 15135: 15131: 15130: 15127: 15122: 15114: 15109: 15107: 15102: 15100: 15095: 15094: 15091: 15079: 15075: 15071: 15069: 15061: 15060: 15057: 15051: 15050:Lists of dogs 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15032: 15030: 15026: 15020: 15019:Socialization 15017: 15015: 15014:Housebreaking 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15001: 14999: 14997: 14993: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14971:Rage syndrome 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14926: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14916: 14914: 14910: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14848:Dogs in space 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14823: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14783: 14781: 14775: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14751:Body language 14749: 14747: 14744: 14743: 14742: 14741:Communication 14739: 14738: 14736: 14734: 14730: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14707: 14704: 14703: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14671:Detection dog 14669: 14667: 14666:Companion dog 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14638: 14635: 14634: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14621: 14618: 14617: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14597: 14596: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14586: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14551: 14549: 14547: 14543: 14537: 14534: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14525: 14522: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14504: 14503: 14500: 14496: 14493: 14492: 14491: 14488: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14468: 14467: 14464: 14458: 14455: 14454: 14453: 14450: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14432: 14431: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14423: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14395: 14394: 14391: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14377: 14374: 14373: 14372: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14329: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14319: 14317: 14315: 14311: 14307: 14300: 14295: 14293: 14288: 14286: 14281: 14280: 14277: 14271: 14267: 14265: 14260: 14258: 14254: 14253: 14248: 14246: 14242: 14240: 14235: 14233: 14229: 14225: 14222: 14218: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14201: 14198: 14197: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14173: 14169: 14165: 14164: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14137: 14136: 14130: 14126: 14120: 14116: 14112: 14108: 14107: 14101: 14097: 14091: 14087: 14082: 14078: 14073: 14069: 14063: 14059: 14055: 14051: 14047: 14041: 14037: 14032: 14028: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14010: 14006: 14002: 13998: 13992: 13988: 13984: 13979: 13978: 13965: 13959: 13955: 13951: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13939: 13937: 13935: 13927: 13923: 13918: 13911: 13907: 13902: 13887: 13883: 13876: 13860: 13856: 13852: 13845: 13829: 13825: 13821: 13815: 13799: 13795: 13791: 13784: 13776: 13770: 13766: 13765: 13757: 13741: 13737: 13731: 13729: 13712: 13708: 13702: 13686: 13682: 13676: 13661:. p. 271 13660: 13656: 13655: 13647: 13639: 13633: 13629: 13625: 13619: 13617: 13608: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13592: 13586: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13564: 13562: 13553: 13547: 13543: 13536: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13524: 13522: 13505: 13501: 13495: 13491: 13490: 13482: 13480: 13478: 13461: 13457: 13453: 13447: 13439: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13421: 13414: 13406: 13400: 13396: 13388: 13382: 13378: 13371: 13363: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13335: 13331: 13327: 13323: 13319: 13312: 13304: 13300: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13276: 13269: 13261: 13255: 13251: 13244: 13236: 13232: 13228: 13224: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13208: 13201: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13173: 13169: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13150: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13115: 13107: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13089: 13085: 13081: 13077: 13073: 13066: 13064: 13055: 13051: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13028: 13026: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12990: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12954: 12947: 12939: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12898: 12896: 12879: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12860: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12811: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12781: 12765: 12761: 12754: 12746: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12728: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12712: 12705: 12686: 12679: 12673: 12665: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12647: 12643: 12639: 12635: 12631: 12624: 12608: 12604: 12600: 12594: 12592: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12562: 12558: 12554: 12553: 12546: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12516: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12486: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12455: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12437: 12431: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12404: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12369: 12353: 12349: 12348: 12343: 12339: 12333: 12317: 12313: 12309: 12302: 12286: 12282: 12278: 12277: 12272: 12266: 12250: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12232: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12205: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12175: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12148: 12132: 12128: 12124: 12118: 12102: 12098: 12097: 12092: 12085: 12069: 12064: 12056: 12040: 12036: 12035: 12030: 12024: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11993: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11973: 11966: 11958: 11952: 11948: 11944: 11937: 11921: 11917: 11913: 11906: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11875: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11845: 11844: 11836: 11820: 11816: 11815: 11810: 11803: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11773: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11711: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11681: 11673: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11655: 11651: 11647: 11640: 11632: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11596: 11589: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11557: 11553: 11549: 11545: 11538: 11522: 11518: 11517: 11512: 11505: 11489: 11485: 11484: 11479: 11472: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11441: 11433: 11427: 11423: 11419: 11415: 11408: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11381: 11365: 11361: 11355: 11340:on 2 May 2010 11339: 11335: 11331: 11325: 11317: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11298: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11278: 11271: 11263: 11257: 11253: 11246: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11156: 11152: 11148: 11144: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11122: 11116: 11112: 11111: 11103: 11095: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11052: 11044: 11038: 11033: 11032: 11023: 11021: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10990: 10988: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10956: 10954: 10945: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10925: 10917: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10897: 10890: 10882: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10857: 10849: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10798: 10791: 10779: 10775: 10773:9780976660361 10769: 10765: 10764: 10756: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10726: 10718: 10714: 10710: 10704: 10696: 10691: 10690: 10681: 10673: 10672: 10664: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10621: 10614: 10612: 10603: 10596: 10594: 10584: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10560: 10552: 10546: 10542: 10535: 10526: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10509: 10502: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10461: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10401: 10385: 10381: 10377: 10371: 10361: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10320: 10319: 10316: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10273: 10265: 10259: 10255: 10254: 10249: 10242: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10195: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10164: 10156: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10105: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10070: 10063: 10058: 10056:3-540-30022-8 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10017: 10013: 10011: 10003: 9987: 9983: 9977: 9973: 9972: 9964: 9956: 9950: 9946: 9939: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9908:in Finland". 9907: 9906:C. familiaris 9903: 9896: 9889: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9841: 9839: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9811: 9803: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9784: 9776: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9725: 9709: 9705: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9684: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9649: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9598: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9555: 9553: 9544: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9503: 9495: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9462: 9457: 9450: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9413: 9405: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9345: 9338: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9311: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9281: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9158: 9150: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9109: 9104: 9097: 9089: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9036: 9028: 9022: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8954: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8915: 8907: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8807: 8799: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8771: 8762: 8754: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8713: 8705: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8684: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8638: 8634: 8633:Wisdom Panel™ 8630: 8624: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8555: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8511: 8507: 8500: 8494: 8478: 8474: 8473:www.petmd.com 8470: 8464: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8413: 8411: 8402: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8281: 8273: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8224: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8173: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8142: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8104: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8061: 8045: 8041: 8040:www.petmd.com 8037: 8031: 8023: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7982: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7931: 7923: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7874: 7866: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7660: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7549:(5): e38027. 7548: 7544: 7540: 7533: 7525: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7449: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7418:(in German). 7417: 7413: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7123: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7089: 7087:9780323227629 7083: 7079: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7059: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6995: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6976:(in German). 6975: 6967: 6959: 6953: 6949: 6942: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6923:(in German). 6922: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6847: 6843: 6837: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6784: 6778: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6641: 6632: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6607: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6554: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6500: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6443: 6441:9780323227629 6437: 6433: 6426: 6418: 6416:9780323227629 6412: 6408: 6401: 6393: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6355: 6348: 6340: 6333: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6274: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6087:: 2279–2282. 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6035: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5890: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5854: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5709: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5559: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5540: 5538: 5531:, p. 27. 5530: 5525: 5523: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5465:, p. 12. 5464: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4894:PLOS Genetics 4891: 4884: 4882: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4842:Paleogenomics 4839: 4832: 4830: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4672: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4520:, p. 58. 4519: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4372: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4320:Wozencraft WC 4315: 4313: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4283: 4281: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253:Paleogenomics 4247: 4245: 4243: 4238: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4164:Maliki school 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4123:Saint Dominic 4120: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4106:(vehicle) of 4105: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3989:. In ancient 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3957: 3956:William Blake 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3838:Walking a dog 3836: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3774:In 2018, the 3771: 3767: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3662:extrapolating 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3517:illicit drugs 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3408:Western world 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396:companionship 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3380:pulling loads 3377: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3365:body language 3363:with complex 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3323: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:Easter Island 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253:New Caledonia 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3183: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156:phenylalanine 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3067:New Caledonia 3064: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2982: 2967: 2965: 2962:. A study of 2961: 2957: 2956:temporal pole 2953: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2927: 2925: 2900: 2882: 2875:Communication 2872: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2830:Border Collie 2827: 2823: 2817: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2782: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2766:swimming pool 2745: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725:training dogs 2722: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2602:Cairn Terrier 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2529:in dogs, and 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468:fertilization 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448:coitally tied 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2420:estrous cycle 2416: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2389: 2384: 2383:Aging in dogs 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363:renal failure 2360: 2356: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:leptospirosis 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2270:leptospirosis 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2161:spinal injury 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121:renal disease 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:liver failure 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2044: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1991:bleeding tail 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:visual cortex 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1819:conditions. 1818: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1707: 1693: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638:Victorian era 1635: 1629: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1610:Japanese wolf 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1577:DNA sequences 1574: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:morphological 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1529: 1522:Domestication 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1481:IUCN Red List 1478: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:golden jackal 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1355:Carl Linnaeus 1346: 1345: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1322: 1321:2.62 mya 1319: 1318: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262:3.06 mya 1260: 1259: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230:2.74 mya 1228: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198:1.92 mya 1196: 1195: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1176:Golden jackal 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166:1.62 mya 1164: 1163: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1134:1.32 mya 1132: 1131: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102:1.10 mya 1100: 1099: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1004: 1000: 999: 995: 994: 990: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 957:companionship 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:pulling loads 938: 934: 930: 926: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874: 869: 868: 863: 848: 845: 840: 837: 832: 831:C. variegatus 829: 824: 821: 816: 813: 808: 805: 800: 797: 792: 789: 784: 781: 776: 773: 768: 765: 760: 757: 752: 749: 744: 741: 736: 733: 728: 725: 720: 719:C. orientalis 717: 712: 709: 704: 703:C. mustelinus 701: 696: 693: 688: 685: 680: 677: 672: 669: 664: 661: 656: 653: 650:Linnaeus,1758 648: 645: 640: 639:C. leporarius 637: 632: 629: 624: 621: 616: 613: 608: 607:C. islandicus 605: 600: 597: 592: 589: 584: 583:C. hibernicus 581: 576: 573: 568: 567:C. hagenbecki 565: 560: 557: 552: 549: 544: 541: 536: 533: 528: 525: 520: 517: 512: 509: 504: 501: 496: 493: 488: 487:C. domesticus 485: 480: 477: 472: 471:C. brevipilis 469: 464: 461: 456: 455:C. avicularis 453: 448: 445: 440: 437: 432: 429: 424: 421: 416: 413: 409: 405: 404:C. americanus 402: 398: 394: 391: 386: 383: 382: 374: 371: 367: 362: 357: 355: 349: 346: 345:Binomial name 342: 338: 337: 332: 329: 328: 325: 324: 320: 317: 316: 313: 310: 307: 306: 303: 300: 297: 296: 293: 290: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 267: 266: 263: 260: 257: 256: 251: 246: 242: 236:Domesticated 233: 229: 224: 215: 206: 195: 186: 177: 166: 157: 148: 138: 133: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 59: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 21730: 21549: 21524: 21127:Pete the Pup 21092:Luke the Dog 21032:Doug the Pug 20933: 20923: 20914: 20905: 20896: 20887: 20878: 20870:C. l. lycaon 20869: 20861:C. l. ligoni 20860: 20851: 20842: 20833: 20824: 20815: 20806: 20798:C. l. arctos 20797: 20775: 20766: 20757: 20753: 20751: 20744: 20736:C. l. chanco 20735: 20727:C. l. chanco 20726: 20717: 20708: 20699: 20678: 20669: 20563: 20554: 20545: 20536: 20527: 20518: 20509: 20500: 20491: 20482: 20473: 20464: 20455: 20446: 20437: 20428: 20419: 20399: 20387: 20378: 20369: 20360: 20348: 20323: 20314: 20305: 20293: 20281: 20269: 20258:L. sumatrana 20257: 20248: 20236: 20224: 20207: 20195: 20183: 20174: 20165: 20156: 20144: 20132: 20090: 20081: 20069: 20057: 20041:V. peregusna 20040: 20028: 19995: 19986: 19966: 19954: 19941:Lyncodontini 19932:Ictonychinae 19916:M. zibellina 19915: 19906: 19897: 19888: 19879: 19871:M. flavigula 19870: 19861: 19853:M. americana 19852: 19832: 19820: 19808: 19796: 19784: 19773:Eira barbara 19772: 19746: 19738:M. personata 19737: 19728: 19719: 19710: 19701: 19681: 19665: 19656: 19648:M. canescens 19647: 19638: 19626: 19614: 19605: 19596: 19584: 19555: 19543: 19531: 19450: 19441: 19429: 19417: 19408: 19396: 19367: 19358: 19349: 19340: 19320: 19308: 19299: 19290: 19270: 19258: 19257:Cacomistle ( 19249: 19237: 19226:Potos flavus 19225: 19195: 19186: 19177: 19168: 19148: 19136: 19127: 19107: 19095: 19086: 19074: 19062: 19053: 19044: 19035: 19015: 18982: 18923: 18914: 18905: 18896: 18862: 18853: 18833: 18817: 18805: 18793: 18778:(monk seals) 18734: 18725: 18716: 18704: 18692: 18683: 18671: 18659: 18650: 18641: 18615: 18606: 18549: 18541:A. townsendi 18540: 18531: 18523:A. philippii 18522: 18513: 18504: 18495: 18487:A. australis 18486: 18474: 18462: 18445: 18433: 18421: 18400: 18391: 18379: 18367: 18341: 18329: 18289: 18168:U. maritimus 18167: 18166:Polar bear ( 18158: 18157:Brown bear ( 18149: 18140: 18128: 18116: 18107: 18106:Sloth bear ( 18081: 18069: 18057: 18045: 17995: 17986: 17977: 17968: 17959: 17950: 17941: 17939: 17932: 17920: 17909:Cuon alpinus 17908: 17899: 17883:L. mesomelas 17882: 17873: 17861: 17830: 17821: 17812: 17811:Pampas fox ( 17803: 17794: 17785: 17773: 17761: 17752: 17736:S. venaticus 17735: 17723: 17711: 17710:Maned wolf ( 17692:Cerdocyonina 17660: 17659:Fennec fox ( 17651: 17642: 17634:V. rueppelli 17633: 17624: 17615: 17606: 17605:Arctic fox ( 17598:V. ferrilata 17597: 17588: 17587:Corsac fox ( 17579: 17570: 17561: 17560:Bengal fox ( 17539: 17527: 17518: 17506: 17494: 17468: 17467:Island fox ( 17459: 17447: 17380:H. sanguinea 17379: 17370: 17361: 17353:H. ichneumon 17352: 17343: 17331: 17319: 17310: 17301: 17289: 17277: 17268: 17259: 17250: 17233: 17224: 17215: 17206: 17197: 17188: 17180:U. edwardsii 17179: 17171:U. brachyura 17170: 17161: 17149: 17137: 17128: 17098: 17089: 17080: 17072:C. alexandri 17071: 17059: 17047: 17038: 17026: 17014: 16997: 16989:M. gambianus 16988: 16976: 16964: 16948:S. suricatta 16947: 16935: 16910: 16885: 16876: 16864: 16852: 16835: 16826: 16814: 16802: 16772: 16763: 16751: 16739: 16730: 16707:carnivorans) 16688: 16659: 16647: 16635: 16626: 16594: 16582: 16552:Herpestoidea 16515:Herpestoidea 16482: 16474:G. victoriae 16473: 16464: 16463:Cape genet ( 16455: 16447:G. servalina 16446: 16437: 16436:King genet ( 16429:G. piscivora 16428: 16419: 16410: 16401: 16393:G. johnstoni 16392: 16383: 16374: 16365: 16356: 16347: 16329: 16318:P. leightoni 16317: 16308: 16290: 16265: 16256: 16248:V. megaspila 16247: 16239:V. civettina 16238: 16226: 16214: 16205: 16190: 16174: 16147: 16138: 16129: 16117: 16105: 16096: 16087: 16078: 16052: 16043: 16034: 16025: 15923: 15914: 15906:F. margarita 15905: 15896: 15887: 15886:Jungle cat ( 15878: 15869: 15857: 15841: 15832: 15824:P. planiceps 15823: 15814: 15805: 15795:Prionailurus 15793: 15781: 15751: 15739: 15727: 15726:Jaguarundi ( 15710: 15698: 15677: 15668: 15659: 15650: 15638: 15626: 15617: 15608: 15599: 15590: 15581: 15573:L. geoffroyi 15572: 15563: 15562:Pampas cat ( 15551: 15535: 15526: 15514: 15502: 15472: 15463: 15451: 15440:P. marmorata 15439: 15427: 15407: 15382: 15373: 15364: 15355: 15346: 15334: 15322: 15313: 15301: 15256: 15247: 15230: 15203: 15156:Superorder: 15150:Infraclass: 14976:Reproduction 14946:Conformation 14888:Fear of dogs 14838:Dog grooming 14831:2007 recalls 14816:Dog fighting 14763:Intelligence 14676:Fighting dog 14656:Carriage dog 14579:Most popular 14536:Turnspit dog 14344:Hairless dog 14305: 14263: 14251: 14238: 14203: 14162: 14134: 14105: 14085: 14057: 14035: 14016: 13982: 13975:Bibliography 13953: 13917: 13901: 13889:. 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Retrieved 4289: 4252: 4225: 4219: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4135:Domini canis 4134: 4115:Christianity 4112: 4101: 4023: 4007:Neo-Assyrian 3979:faithfulness 3960: 3894: 3890: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3841: 3815: 3812:toxocariasis 3801: 3800: 3773: 3756:Health risks 3735: 3729: 3722: 3720: 3705:modern times 3697:Tang dynasty 3689:social taboo 3686: 3682:Central Asia 3631: 3622:Dogs as food 3589: 3566:hearing dogs 3559: 3548: 3490: 3473: 3452: 3436:World War II 3433: 3369: 3361:pack hunters 3342: 3321: 3305: 3297: 3273:Cook Islands 3205:covered the 3181: 3121: 3094: 3051: 3025: 3018: 2978: 2944: 2930: 2921: 2861: 2834: 2819: 2810:Intelligence 2787: 2763: 2718: 2716: 2663: 2652: 2643:Dog behavior 2598:Basset Hound 2591: 2575: 2563: 2555: 2531:osteosarcoma 2525:in bitches, 2517:, and other 2495:orchidectomy 2485: 2412: 2392:Reproduction 2386: 2353: 2338: 2332: 2321:rodenticides 2310: 2282:toxocariasis 2247: 2213: 2129:urolithiasis 2117:pancreatitis 2053:nasal cavity 2046: 1999:hunting dogs 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1956:violet gland 1940: 1924:is the five 1919: 1886: 1867: 1840: 1821: 1806: 1780: 1753: 1722: 1694:in four dogs 1631: 1586: 1570: 1531: 1476: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1425: 1411: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1368: 1358: 1352: 1332: 1320: 1297: 1277: 1261: 1238: 1229: 1206: 1197: 1174: 1165: 1142: 1133: 1112:African wolf 1110: 1101: 1078: 1057: 922: 886:domestic dog 885: 878:domesticated 872: 871: 866: 865: 861: 859: 850:Gmelin, 1792 846: 842:Gmelin, 1792 839:C. venaticus 838: 834:Gmelin, 1792 830: 822: 818:Gmelin, 1792 814: 807:C. terrarius 806: 798: 790: 786:Gmelin, 1792 783:C. sibiricus 782: 778:Gmelin, 1792 774: 766: 758: 750: 746:Gmelin, 1792 743:C. pomeranus 742: 738:Gmelin, 1792 734: 727:C. pacificus 726: 722:Gmelin, 1792 718: 714:Gmelin, 1792 710: 702: 698:Gmelin, 1792 694: 690:Gmelin, 1792 686: 679:C. melitaeus 678: 674:Gmelin, 1792 671:C. melitacus 670: 662: 658:Gmelin, 1792 654: 646: 638: 634:Gmelin, 1792 630: 626:Gmelin, 1792 623:C. laniarius 622: 618:Gmelin, 1792 614: 610:Gmelin, 1792 606: 602:Gmelin, 1792 598: 594:Gmelin, 1792 590: 586:Gmelin, 1792 582: 575:C. haitensis 574: 566: 562:Gmelin, 1792 558: 550: 542: 538:Gmelin, 1792 534: 530:Gmelin, 1792 526: 519:C. fricatrix 518: 514:Gmelin, 1792 510: 502: 498:Gmelin, 1792 495:C. extrarius 494: 486: 482:Gmelin, 1792 479:C. cursorius 478: 474:Gmelin, 1792 470: 462: 458:Gmelin, 1792 454: 450:Gmelin, 1792 447:C. aquatilis 446: 439:C. aquaticus 438: 434:Gmelin, 1792 430: 426:Gmelin, 1792 422: 418:Gmelin, 1792 414: 403: 392: 385:C. aegyptius 384: 353: 351: 335: 334: 322: 44: 21809:iNaturalist 21755:Wikispecies 21678:NatureServe 21509:(crocodile) 21446:Mr Percival 21255:Jo Mendi II 21213:(non-human) 21172:Strongheart 21137:Rin Tin Tin 20924:C. l. rufus 20906:C. l. orion 20767:C. l. lupus 20745:C. l. dingo 20709:C. l. arabs 20700:C. l. albus 20555:M. sibirica 20537:M. putorius 20510:M. nigripes 20492:M. lutreola 20465:M. haidarum 20361:N. africana 20324:A. congicus 20315:A. cinereus 20306:A. capensis 20206:Sea otter ( 20184:L. provocax 20091:I. striatus 20012:Ictonychini 19907:M. melampus 19819:Wolverine ( 19797:P. pennanti 19720:M. moschata 19711:M. everetti 19657:M. leucurus 19615:A. hoevenii 19606:A. collaris 19556:M. capensis 19451:N. olivacea 19366:Olinguito ( 19322:Bassaricyon 19309:P. pygmaeus 19239:Bassariscus 19212:Procyonidae 19187:S. putorius 19178:S. gracilis 19096:M. mephitis 19087:M. macroura 18981:Red panda ( 18961:Musteloidea 18922:Ross seal ( 18875:Lobodontini 18807:Neomonachus 18735:P. sibirica 18693:P. vitulina 18658:Grey seal ( 18640:Harp seal ( 18532:A. pusillus 18496:A. forsteri 18331:Callorhinus 18265:Pinnipedia 18224:Musteloidea 17996:C. simensis 17960:C. lupaster 17829:Hoary fox ( 17822:L. sechurae 17795:L. fulvipes 17786:L. culpaeus 17682:(true dogs) 17641:Swift fox ( 17616:V. macrotis 17508:Nyctereutes 17417:Caniformia 17362:H. ochracea 17320:B. nigripes 17311:B. jacksoni 17198:U. javanica 17115:Herpestinae 17090:C. obscurus 17081:C. ansorgei 17061:Crossarchus 16917:(mongooses) 16906:Herpestidae 16886:S. durrelli 16877:S. concolor 16827:G. fasciata 16764:E. goudotii 16685:Herpestidae 16595:P. cristata 16456:G. thierryi 16411:G. maculata 16375:G. cristata 16366:G. bourloni 16119:Paradoxurus 16077:Binturong ( 16016:Hemigalinae 15993:Viverroidea 15956:Viverroidea 15915:F. nigripes 15767:Leopard cat 15752:P. concolor 15669:L. pardinus 15618:L. tigrinus 15609:L. pardalis 15600:L. jacobita 15591:L. guttulus 15564:L. colocola 15323:N. nebulosa 15293:Pantherinae 15173:Feliformia 14986:Vaccination 14883:Dog walking 14853:Dog licence 14826:dog biscuit 14811:Dog daycare 14801:Cynanthropy 14779:interaction 14632:Therapy dog 14620:Seizure dog 14610:Hearing dog 14371:Hunting dog 14349:Herding dog 14013:Coppinger R 13985:. Chicago: 13865:19 November 13717:28 February 13466:30 November 12800:12 February 12770:15 February 12338:John Feffer 12291:18 December 12160:(1): 1–23. 12107:11 December 12074:21 December 12045:15 December 11910:VnExpress. 11825:15 December 11578:31 December 11009:14 December 10976:14 December 10719:: 38. 1820. 9902:Canis lupus 9861:: 232–245. 9847:Canis lupus 9745:: 131–142. 9661:: 341–351. 8931:: 155–162. 8921:Canis dingo 7947:(6): 1037. 7395:31 December 6822:: 169–179. 6755:Pereira C. 6136:: 129–135. 5752:(8): 2463. 5497:"Back pain" 5304:(1): 1680. 5130:(1): 1680. 4962:: 281–307. 4784:: 126–138. 4669:"Old World 4637:1885/186590 4301:11 February 4170:Terminology 4143:churchyards 4139:church grim 3993:, from the 3991:Mesopotamia 3873:absenteeism 3826:in humans. 3822:that cause 3693:Sui dynasty 3666:Switzerland 3654:Philippines 3594:(including 3555:overheating 3543:aboard the 3541:Earth orbit 3525:police dogs 3465:dog dancing 3460:"alpha dog" 3237:Fais Island 3218:Fuegian dog 3207:land bridge 3126:(including 3054:New Zealand 3015:Competitors 2934:territories 2841:chimpanzees 2491:gonadectomy 2444:ejaculation 2349:Metaldehyde 1983:kennel tail 1950:spread its 1895:and a soft 1863:bloodhounds 1832:nerve fiber 1824:dichromatic 1787:sighthounds 1706:Dog anatomy 1679:in six dogs 1581:modern wolf 1536:, Germany. 1507:carnassials 1439:Canis lupus 1432:mammalogist 1395:Canis lupus 847:C. vertegus 815:C. turcicus 775:C. scoticus 695:C. molossus 663:C. mastinus 631:C. leoninus 615:C. italicus 599:C. hybridus 591:C. hirsutus 535:C. gallicus 511:C. fricator 463:C. borealis 415:C. anglicus 21990:Scavengers 21969:Categories 21408:Grumpy Cat 21326:El Mokhtar 21311:Buttermilk 21260:Kokomo Jr. 21250:Joe Martin 20922:Red wolf ( 20789:subspecies 20691:subspecies 20628:subspecies 20528:M. nudipes 20519:M. nivalis 20483:M. kathiah 20438:M. erminea 20429:M. altaica 20379:N. frenata 20370:N. felipei 20340:Mustelinae 20082:I. libycus 19996:G. vittata 19862:M. caurina 19639:M. anakuma 19517:Mustelidae 19504:Mustelidae 19480:see below↓ 19471:Mustelidae 19368:B. neblina 19279:(raccoons) 19250:B. astutus 19248:Ringtail ( 19224:Kinkajou ( 19196:S. pygmaea 19137:M. marchei 18995:Mephitidae 18863:M. leonina 18755:Monachinae 18726:P. hispida 18717:P. caspica 18514:A. gazella 18446:N. cinerea 18342:C. ursinus 18280:Odobenidae 18233:see below↓ 18213:see below↓ 18197:Pinnipedia 18115:Sun bear ( 18082:T. ornatus 18071:Tremarctos 18047:Ailuropoda 17985:Red wolf ( 17951:C. latrans 17874:L. adustus 17831:L. vetulus 17804:L. griseus 17734:Bush dog ( 17625:V. pallida 17623:Pale fox ( 17607:V. lagopus 17578:Cape fox ( 17458:Gray fox ( 17216:U. smithii 17048:H. parvula 17039:H. hirtula 16927:Mungotinae 16816:Galidictis 16789:Galidiinae 16717:Euplerinae 16700:Eupleridae 16689:sensu lato 16660:C. crocuta 16593:Aardwolf ( 16524:see below↓ 16465:G. tigrina 16438:G. poensis 16420:G. pardina 16402:G. letabae 16384:G. genetta 16282:Genettinae 16266:V. zibetha 16186:Viverrinae 16175:sensu lato 16170:Viverrinae 16139:P. jerdoni 16006:Viverridae 15965:see below↓ 15904:Sand cat ( 15711:A. jubatus 15536:C. caracal 15429:Pardofelis 15248:P. linsang 15189:Feliformia 14878:Dog sports 14701:Police dog 14646:Attack dog 14600:Autism dog 14569:Crossbreed 14452:Sighthound 14430:Scenthound 14337:Street dog 14237:Genome of 14221:dog genome 14158:Tedford RH 13950:Alderton D 13788:Citron A. 13746:9 December 13665:14 January 13607:Q115264582 13579:. Oxford: 12438:, London: 12194:11 October 12137:24 October 12127:Uznews.net 12096:Eurasianet 11885:#SixthTone 11237:Q115264477 11068:(6): 642. 10930:: 104621. 10902:: 101081. 10814:(5): 992. 10626:: 93–104. 9565:BioScience 8567:Dodman N. 8506:Abbey Vets 8324:: 459809. 8077:(3): 545. 7998:(1): 501. 6904:22 October 6710:(1): 531. 6085:Cell Press 5501:Elwood vet 4651:Smith 2015 4233:References 4151:Jewish law 3997:until the 3967:protection 3909:antisocial 3652:, and the 3634:East Asian 3592:dog sports 3584:See also: 3562:guide dogs 3384:protection 3308:Antarctica 3209:to Myanmar 3164:tryptophan 3152:methionine 3140:isoleucine 3077:See also: 3058:vertebrate 3043:Amur River 3019:Feral and 3009:scavengers 2981:carnivoran 2975:Population 2924:media help 2899:Dog sounds 2857:activation 2737:coprophagy 2720:prey drive 2659:great apes 2647:See also: 2614:Leonberger 2436:copulation 2428:discharges 2224:fly larvae 2173:myopathies 2079:including 2059:, and the 2049:congenital 2043:Dog health 1997:. In some 1987:happy tail 1952:anal gland 1893:guard hair 1768:dachshunds 1725:Great Dane 1662:carnivores 1650:phenotypes 1646:dog breeds 1634:dog breeds 1538:Contextual 1459:familiaris 1451:hallstromi 1443:familiaris 1385:, and the 1333:3.50 945:protection 929:Dog breeds 791:C. suillus 751:C. sagaces 735:C. plancus 543:C. glaucus 527:C. fuillus 431:C. aprinus 134:to present 21746:Q20717272 21565:Q26972265 21492:(dolphin) 21477:Cetaceans 21456:Elephants 21448:(pelican) 21087:Lightning 20787:New World 20689:Old World 20676:Species: 20658:Carnivora 20638:Kingdom: 20625:gray wolf 20474:M. itatsi 20408:(weasels) 20271:Lutrogale 20208:E. lutris 20166:L. felina 19975:(grisons) 19898:M. martes 19841:(martens) 19759:Guloninae 19545:Mellivora 19418:N. narica 19359:B. medius 19350:B. gabbii 19341:B. alleni 19329:(olingos) 19298:Raccoon ( 19150:Spilogale 19036:C. chinga 19017:Conepatus 18973:Ailuridae 18772:Monachini 18684:P. largha 18354:Otariinae 18317:sea lions 18312:fur seals 18303:Otariidae 18188:Mustelida 18159:U. arctos 18021:Arctoidea 17978:C. lycaon 17933:C. aureus 17863:Lupulella 17775:Lycalopex 17652:V. vulpes 17650:Red fox ( 17614:Kit fox ( 17589:V. corsac 17333:Herpestes 16946:Meerkat ( 16705:(Malagasy 16607:Hyaeninae 16568:Hyaenidae 16483:G. felina 15897:F. lybica 15709:Cheetah ( 15627:L. wiedii 15616:Oncilla ( 15582:L. guigna 15553:Leopardus 15534:Caracal ( 15527:C. aurata 15462:Bay cat ( 15383:P. pardus 15381:Leopard ( 15356:P. tigris 15314:N. diardi 15232:Prionodon 15132:Kingdom: 15121:Carnivora 14873:Dog theft 14777:Human–dog 14696:Mercy dog 14681:Guard dog 14661:Catch dog 14605:Guide dog 14481:Schnauzer 14440:Coonhound 14418:Water dog 14403:Retriever 14364:Sheep dog 14219:View the 14186:502410693 14005:904338888 13054:142618092 12694:7 January 12385:(1): 29. 11229:1948-352X 10830:2073-4425 10512:Antiquity 10410:Fortitude 10221:247092084 10082:: 56–59. 9904:and dogs 8964:Curr Biol 7808:Viperidae 7750:(1): 10. 7691:(1): 10. 7626:206522649 7216:1088-8705 7163:1932-6203 6588:2052-6687 6536:0167-5877 6483:0891-6640 6304:0042-4900 5984:Earth.com 5882:: 78–85. 5843:18 August 5811:: 45–94. 5768:2076-2615 5644:(1): 80. 5587:: 21848. 5105:225956269 4567:BioEssays 4408:0028-0836 4328:Wilson DE 4147:sacrilege 4078:Cŵn Annwn 3983:alertness 3820:hookworms 3808:roundworm 3724:bosintang 3670:Polynesia 3650:Indonesia 3550:Sputnik 2 3533:sled dogs 3497:sheepdogs 3406:" in the 3353:scavenger 3312:sled dogs 3300:mutineers 3265:Marquesas 3160:threonine 3136:histidine 3117:vitamin D 3109:bile acid 3097:omnivores 2995:. In the 2822:inference 2790:colostrum 2695:serotonin 2622:Dachshund 2487:Neutering 2482:Neutering 2472:gestation 2432:pregnancy 2406:Two dogs 2367:pathology 2355:Neoplasia 2345:Pyrethrin 2240:nematodes 2209:neoplasia 2201:entropion 2169:arthritis 2093:diarrhoea 1972:androgens 1947:vertebrae 1897:down hair 1737:vertebrae 1729:Chihuahua 1642:selection 1636:. In the 1622:Dog breed 1589:commensal 1491:Evolution 1059:Gray wolf 973:sobriquet 823:C. urcani 711:C. obesus 559:C. grajus 551:C. graius 330:Species: 302:Carnivora 268:Kingdom: 262:Eukaryota 21827:10681653 21740:Wikidata 21683:2.100911 21670:14000752 21559:Wikidata 21515:(lizard) 21500:Reptiles 21436:(parrot) 21382:Hercules 21316:Cass Ole 21211:Primates 21142:Sanggeun 20997:Brigitte 20662:Family: 20652:Mammalia 20646:Chordata 20644:Phylum: 20640:Animalia 20454:Ferret ( 20388:N. vison 20249:L. lutra 20117:(otters) 20111:Lutrinae 19968:Galictis 19880:M. foina 19795:Fisher ( 19683:Melogale 19666:M. meles 19586:Arctonyx 19431:Nasuella 19409:N. nasua 19386:(coatis) 19300:P. lotor 19076:Mephitis 18835:Mirounga 18585:Phocinae 18566:Phocidae 18435:Neophoca 18381:Zalophus 18288:Walrus ( 17987:C. rufus 17969:C. lupus 17949:Coyote ( 17784:Culpeo ( 17725:Speothos 17661:V. zerda 17643:V. velox 17580:V. chama 17291:Bdeogale 17189:U. fusca 17028:Helogale 16998:M. mungo 16937:Suricata 16866:Salanoia 16773:E. major 16753:Eupleres 16584:Proteles 16573:(hyenas) 16337:(genets) 15888:F. chaus 15879:F. catus 15870:F. bieti 15750:Cougar ( 15700:Acinonyx 15678:L. rufus 15676:Bobcat ( 15625:Margay ( 15607:Ocelot ( 15580:Kodkod ( 15501:Serval ( 15464:C. badia 15453:Catopuma 15363:Jaguar ( 15347:P. uncia 15336:Panthera 15303:Neofelis 15221:Feloidea 15152:Eutheria 15146:Mammalia 15140:Chordata 15138:Phylum: 15134:Animalia 15068:Category 14996:Training 14956:Dog food 14951:Diseases 14936:Breeding 14868:Dog show 14863:Dog park 14858:Dog meat 14821:Dog food 14806:Dog bite 14733:Behavior 14718:Sled dog 14691:Meat dog 14476:Pinscher 14445:Foxhound 14224:Archived 14160:(2008). 14056:(2009). 13952:(1987). 13859:Archived 13834:24 March 13828:Archived 13804:24 March 13798:Archived 13740:Archived 13711:Archived 13685:Archived 13626:(2007). 13603:Wikidata 13599:7405541M 13575:(2006). 13504:Archived 13460:Archived 13362:25924013 13322:PLOS ONE 13303:26115902 13235:22321266 13190:22 April 13184:Archived 13180:23006510 13016:43327044 12981:30808366 12973:19005930 12938:16308387 12878:Archived 12851:18882843 12843:16951810 12794:Archived 12764:Archived 12664:16455937 12607:Archived 12575:archived 12535:27 March 12529:Archived 12525:euronews 12505:24 March 12499:Archived 12475:29 March 12469:Archived 12387:Archived 12352:Archived 12285:Archived 12249:Archived 12188:Archived 12101:Archived 12068:Archived 12039:Archived 12013:27 March 12007:Archived 11920:Archived 11889:Archived 11792:29 March 11786:Archived 11756:Archived 11731:29 March 11725:Archived 11700:27 March 11694:Archived 11672:12566236 11631:28154816 11572:Archived 11568:26364936 11521:Archived 11488:Archived 11455:Archived 11233:Wikidata 11193:22 April 11187:Archived 11094:28617350 11003:Archived 10999:BBC News 10970:Archived 10966:BBC News 10848:37239352 10839:10218297 10778:Archived 10745:29 March 10739:Archived 10648:25556846 10485:Archived 10444:Archived 10414:Archived 10384:Archived 10360:31084712 10315:31084707 10231:23 April 10225:Archived 10155:27638204 9986:Archived 9930:85973414 9759:23124015 9708:Archived 9632:Archived 9581:Archived 9543:27521302 9494:26763220 9441:12354384 9433:21359654 9385:Archived 9381:24560578 9300:29 March 9294:Archived 9270:30 March 9264:Archived 9240:30 March 9234:Archived 9210:13 March 9204:Archived 9180:13 March 9174:Archived 9149:31209036 9088:29051517 9002:10200094 8994:12725735 8945:53153703 8906:27508932 8866:PLOS ONE 8847:31847744 8798:29845456 8753:30251104 8673:24 March 8667:Archived 8643:24 March 8637:Archived 8613:24 March 8607:Archived 8583:31 March 8577:Archived 8519:24 March 8510:Archived 8483:24 March 8477:Archived 8455:37324213 8446:10266749 8401:34827992 8350:24977044 8272:29851313 8223:37703235 8214:10499247 8183:PLOS ONE 8156:Archived 8131:30 March 8125:Archived 8103:36978793 8094:10045725 8050:29 March 8044:Archived 8022:34599148 7973:36978578 7964:10044280 7922:28776031 7832:25727065 7804:Reptilia 7784:26754411 7725:26754411 7618:19729645 7583:22606363 7543:PLOS ONE 7524:20160973 7475:10490080 7432:Archived 7428:15803761 7389:Archived 7385:25475165 7294:19834483 7259:21737321 7224:35642302 7181:25020045 7133:PLOS ONE 7106:Archived 7058:18052800 7017:10844211 6878:24 March 6846:Archived 6828:11787146 6793:Archived 6767:29 March 6761:Archived 6742:38302530 6733:10834484 6685:36896289 6606:30349728 6544:38394961 6491:21352376 6316:Archived 6312:20581358 6232:Archived 6208:29 March 6202:Archived 6178:29 March 6172:Archived 6150:20087813 6111:24184108 6056:30 March 6050:Archived 6024:30 March 6018:Archived 5994:13 March 5988:Archived 5966:38429445 5957:10907477 5942:(1): 9. 5786:34438920 5692:Archived 5670:24370002 5619:26898837 5511:24 March 5505:Archived 5437:Archived 5389:28445722 5336:38396028 5327:10891106 5279:31598383 5221:22615366 5162:38396028 5153:10891106 5097:33122379 5037:Archived 5033:32265525 4986:26721918 4978:27912242 4926:24453989 4870:14 March 4864:Archived 4818:27 March 4812:Archived 4759:33495362 4684:Archived 4665:Jhala YV 4587:10333734 4505:26234211 4453:Archived 4416:23354050 4360:Archived 4352:62265494 4322:(2005). 4295:Archived 4220:Whelping 4108:Bhairava 4034:Cerberus 4003:Ninisina 3975:fidelity 3963:guidance 3944:Cerberus 3816:Toxocara 3762:Dog bite 3738:Nureongi 3711:In Korea 3628:Dog meat 3600:sledding 3586:Dog show 3481:shelters 3469:dog yoga 3392:military 3390:and the 3349:predator 3325:— 3277:Rapa Iti 3214:Fuegians 3132:arginine 3079:Dog food 3035:leopards 3031:big cats 2939:cortisol 2744:in dens. 2699:dopamine 2675:tameness 2637:Behavior 2606:Brittany 2543:pyometra 2377:Lifespan 2371:response 2365:. Their 2278:ringworm 2258:zoonoses 2244:coccidia 2236:cestodes 2197:glaucoma 2191:such as 2185:pyoderma 2181:alopecia 2179:such as 2167:such as 2157:seizures 2135:such as 2125:cystitis 2115:such as 2103:such as 2091:such as 2028:A black 2013:and the 1920:A dog's 1883:Dog coat 1870:whiskers 1764:dwarfism 1760:terriers 1756:mastiffs 1733:skeletal 1628:Dog type 1554:hematite 1542:isotopic 1511:premolar 983:Taxonomy 953:military 951:and the 767:C. sagax 687:C. minor 655:C. major 503:C. ferus 370:Synonyms 361:Linnaeus 308:Family: 292:Mammalia 282:Chordata 278:Phylum: 272:Animalia 258:Domain: 21933:Portals 21913:ZooBank 21905:1461482 21853:1005940 21801:5219200 21631:6164210 21605:1228387 21442:(raven) 21434:Douglas 21418:Orangey 21403:Lil Bub 21341:Trigger 21306:Bunting 21197:Thunder 21097:Madison 21052:Higgins 20743:Dingo ( 20668:Genus: 20664:Canidae 20656:Order: 20650:Class: 20623:Extant 20456:M. furo 20401:Mustela 20350:Neogale 20197:Enhydra 20071:Ictonyx 20030:Vormela 19987:G. cuja 19914:Sable ( 19821:G. gulo 19786:Pekania 19771:Tayra ( 19568:Melinae 19380:Nasuina 19272:Procyon 18628:Phocini 18267:(seals) 18202:(seals) 18094:Ursinae 18036:(bears) 18031:Ursidae 17907:Dhole ( 17697:(zorro) 17571:V. cana 17481:Vulpini 17449:Urocyon 17433:Canidae 17225:U. urva 16729:Fossa ( 16649:Crocuta 16331:Genetta 16228:Viverra 15769:lineage 15691:lineage 15660:L. lynx 15516:Caracal 15490:lineage 15488:Caracal 15420:lineage 15418:Bay cat 15404:Felinae 15365:P. onca 15354:Tiger ( 15274:Felidae 15144:Class: 15123:species 15119:Extant 15028:Related 15004:Clicker 14931:Anatomy 14903:Therapy 14791:Baiting 14756:Howling 14746:Barking 14723:War dog 14686:Lap dog 14651:Bay dog 14524:Toy dog 14495:Bulldog 14490:Mastiff 14466:Terrier 14457:Longdog 14413:Spaniel 14398:Pointer 14393:Gun dog 14386:Lurcher 14332:Pye-dog 14232:Ensembl 14054:Fogle B 13926:"bitch" 13624:West ML 13353:4414420 13330:Bibcode 13295:2967371 13227:1856711 13141:7502998 13106:1774745 13097:1295517 12929:1289326 12884:28 June 12745:3929930 12736:1417177 12655:1392675 12255:23 July 12003:VIN.com 11926:1 April 11895:1 April 11762:1 April 11721:DogTime 11650:Seizure 11622:5243836 11516:Reuters 11370:24 June 11344:2 April 11085:5486328 10932:Bibcode 10628:Bibcode 10491:4 March 10450:15 June 10420:15 June 10390:15 June 10351:6516821 10306:6516957 10146:5056110 10123:Bibcode 10084:Bibcode 9863:Bibcode 9767:9748685 9714:4 March 9663:Bibcode 9628:1381709 9534:5141954 9485:4785927 9394:2 April 9359:Bibcode 9140:6642381 9117:Bibcode 9079:5648750 9056:Bibcode 8972:Bibcode 8897:4980001 8874:Bibcode 8838:6936025 8744:6276074 8392:8614261 8369:Animals 8341:4060742 8263:5980124 8191:Bibcode 8162:2 April 8013:8486809 7941:Animals 7913:5517105 7892:Bibcode 7812:Synapse 7775:4710014 7752:Bibcode 7716:4710014 7693:Bibcode 7598:Science 7574:3350478 7551:Bibcode 7515:2760923 7343:3324702 7172:4096726 7141:Bibcode 6986:9411733 6933:2326799 6799:1 April 6712:Bibcode 6676:9989186 6597:6191922 6322:29 July 6263:29 June 6238:29 June 6089:Bibcode 5777:8388720 5746:Animals 5698:5 April 5661:3882779 5610:4761878 5589:Bibcode 5443:15 June 5413:15 June 5380:5492993 5306:Bibcode 5270:6776107 5212:3384140 5189:Bibcode 5132:Bibcode 5088:7116352 5067:Science 5046:2 April 4917:3894154 4786:Bibcode 4750:8017920 4727:Bibcode 4693:6 March 4614:Zootaxa 4595:5547543 4483:Bibcode 4424:4415412 4388:Bibcode 4080:guards 4056:guards 3971:loyalty 3642:Vietnam 3545:Soviets 3493:collies 3487:Workers 3376:herding 3372:hunting 3271:in the 3269:Mangaia 3257:Vanuatu 3241:Nukuoro 3144:leucine 3122:Of the 3113:taurine 3041:in the 3027:Coyotes 3005:village 2970:Ecology 2948:barking 2776:Nursing 2587:progeny 2547:obesity 2515:ovaries 2507:cancers 2476:puppies 2329:xylitol 2081:anaemia 2061:trachea 1922:dewclaw 1916:Dewclaw 1905:anxiety 1836:photons 1602:Siberia 1546:genetic 1373:is the 961:therapy 937:herding 933:hunting 906:species 890:extinct 876:) is a 399:, 1839, 393:C. alco 318:Genus: 312:Canidae 298:Order: 288:Class: 125:↓ 21985:Wolves 21959:Mammal 21947:Animal 21892:104153 21879:247333 21840:183815 21719:247333 21703:NZOR: 21657:726821 21618:CANIFA 21526:Portal 21490:Winter 21486:(orca) 21289:Horses 21280:Travis 21275:Rancho 21270:Pankun 21220:Cheeta 21162:Soccer 21157:Skippy 21117:Olivia 21107:Moonie 21082:Lassie 20146:Lontra 19834:Martes 19109:Mydaus 19003:skunks 17967:Wolf ( 17847:Canina 17677:Canini 17541:Vulpes 17437:(dogs) 16978:Mungos 16292:Poiana 15374:P. leo 15372:Lion ( 15278:(cats) 15078:Portal 14913:Health 14546:Breeds 14529:Bichon 14435:Basset 14408:Setter 14354:Collie 14268:, via 14255:, via 14243:, via 14184: 14174: 14154:Wang X 14142: 14121: 14092: 14064: 14042: 14023: 14003: 13993: 13960: 13891:26 May 13794:Chabad 13771: 13691:4 July 13634: 13605: 13597: 13587: 13548: 13510:6 June 13496: 13434: 13401: 13379: 13360: 13350: 13301: 13293: 13256: 13233: 13225: 13178: 13139: 13104: 13094: 13052: 13014: 12979: 12971: 12936: 12926: 12849: 12841: 12743: 12733: 12662: 12652: 12613:29 May 12581:30 May 12567: 12446: 12393:8 July 12358:11 May 12322:11 May 11953: 11864:6 June 11850: 11670: 11629: 11619: 11566: 11527:5 July 11494:9 June 11461:9 June 11428: 11258: 11235: 11227: 11117: 11092: 11082: 11039: 10877: 10846: 10836: 10828: 10784:10 May 10770: 10646: 10547: 10477: 10358: 10348: 10313: 10303: 10260: 10219: 10209: 10153: 10143: 10053: 10022:21 May 9992:20 May 9978: 9951: 9928: 9798: 9765: 9757: 9700: 9638:6 July 9626: 9587:3 July 9541: 9531: 9492: 9482: 9439: 9431: 9379: 9147: 9137: 9086: 9076: 9023: 9000: 8992: 8943: 8904: 8894: 8845: 8835: 8796: 8751: 8741: 8700: 8550: 8453: 8443: 8399: 8389: 8348: 8338: 8270: 8260: 8221: 8211: 8101: 8091: 8020: 8010: 7971: 7961: 7920: 7910: 7861: 7830: 7782: 7772: 7723: 7713: 7655: 7624: 7616: 7581: 7571: 7522: 7512: 7473: 7438:8 July 7426: 7383: 7341: 7331: 7302:771357 7300: 7292: 7257: 7239:Vet. J 7222: 7214: 7179: 7169: 7161: 7112:16 May 7084: 7056: 7015: 6984: 6954: 6931: 6852:20 May 6826: 6740: 6730: 6683: 6673: 6627: 6604: 6594: 6586: 6542: 6534: 6489: 6481: 6438: 6413: 6310: 6302: 6148: 6109: 6083:(22). 5964: 5954: 5784: 5774: 5766: 5723: 5668: 5658: 5617: 5607: 5554: 5387: 5377: 5334: 5324: 5277: 5267: 5219: 5209: 5160: 5150: 5103: 5095: 5085: 5031: 4984: 4976: 4924: 4914: 4856: 4757: 4747: 4593: 4585: 4548: 4503: 4422: 4414: 4406: 4380:Nature 4350: 4340: 4267: 4226:Whelps 4213:Litter 4103:vahana 4098:Naraka 4046:Hecate 4038:dragon 4017:, and 3985:, and 3784:vector 3780:rabies 3768:, and 3678:Poland 3672:, and 3658: 3616:doping 3602:, and 3596:racing 3572:, and 3398:, and 3298:Bounty 3291:, and 3287:, the 3247:, the 3243:, the 3192:dingos 3168:valine 3166:, and 3148:lysine 3105:saliva 2989: 2985: 2868:dingos 2837:horses 2729:vermin 2616:, and 2549:, and 2464:uterus 2424:vulvas 2340:Allium 2313:toxins 2304:, and 2280:, and 2262:rabies 2249:Taenia 2242:, and 2207:; and 2203:, and 2147:, and 2057:larynx 2055:, the 2037:Health 2007:T gene 2003:docked 1926:digits 1859: 1855: 1797:Senses 1772:corgis 1616:Breeds 1598:infers 1548:, and 1080:Coyote 963:, and 918:canids 914:starch 910:humans 410:, 1792 408:Gmelin 363:, 1758 38:, and 21900:WoRMS 21822:IRMNG 21814:47144 21644:90295 21592:5G6ZJ 21513:Frank 21507:Pocho 21484:Keiko 21440:Jimmy 21427:Birds 21377:Bruno 21355:Bears 21245:Manis 21235:Jiggs 21202:Uggie 21192:Terry 21187:Teddy 21177:Sykes 21167:Spike 21132:Peggy 21112:Moose 21102:Messi 21072:Koton 21047:Flame 21027:Darla 21022:Daisy 21017:Cosmo 21007:Buddy 20679:lupus 20671:Canis 20295:Aonyx 20238:Lutra 19628:Meles 19398:Nasua 18673:Phoca 18130:Ursus 17922:Canis 17549:foxes 15859:Felis 14921:Aging 14588:Roles 14517:Tugou 14512:Laika 14507:Husky 14502:Spitz 14425:Hound 14381:Feist 14314:Types 13910:"dog" 13299:S2CID 13231:S2CID 13050:S2CID 13012:S2CID 12977:S2CID 12847:S2CID 12688:(PDF) 12681:(PDF) 12245:Slate 11605:: 1. 11213:(PDF) 10808:Genes 10328:eLife 10283:eLife 9926:S2CID 9763:S2CID 9731:Canis 9624:JSTOR 9437:S2CID 9388:(PDF) 9347:(PDF) 8998:S2CID 8941:S2CID 8513:(PDF) 8502:(PDF) 7622:S2CID 7361:(PDF) 7298:S2CID 5101:S2CID 5040:(PDF) 5009:(PDF) 4982:S2CID 4725:(6). 4687:(PDF) 4676:(PDF) 4671:Canis 4620:(2). 4591:S2CID 4420:S2CID 4326:. In 4189:Puppy 4182:Bitch 4156:Islam 4145:from 4084:. In 4082:Annwn 4072:. In 4064:. In 4054:Garmr 4048:. In 4042:Hades 4028:. In 4019:Japan 4015:Korea 4011:China 3948:Dante 3806:(dog 3646:Korea 3638:China 3537:Laika 3511:; as 3261:Tonga 3229:Palau 3178:Range 3111:with 3065:, in 3001:feral 2843:, or 2706:from 2630:Boxer 2359:heart 2334:Vitis 2317:ASPCA 2232:mites 2228:ticks 2220:fleas 1993:, or 1889:coats 1749:lungs 1745:heart 1515:molar 1474:feral 1463:dingo 1447:dingo 1418:dingo 1407:canid 1403:Latin 1379:genus 1375:Latin 1370:Canis 1208:Dhole 323:Canis 21980:Dogs 21866:9615 21861:NCBI 21835:ITIS 21796:GBIF 21788:QLXF 21696:9615 21691:NCBI 21652:ITIS 21626:GBIF 21613:EPPO 21391:Cats 21147:Shep 21067:Koko 21057:Jean 21042:Enzo 21012:Cook 20985:Dogs 19810:Gulo 18706:Pusa 17151:Urva 15741:Puma 15689:Puma 15640:Lynx 14961:Odor 14941:Coat 14306:Dogs 14270:NCBI 14257:NCBI 14202:for 14182:OCLC 14172:ISBN 14140:ISBN 14119:ISBN 14090:ISBN 14062:ISBN 14040:ISBN 14021:ISBN 14001:OCLC 13991:ISBN 13958:ISBN 13893:2014 13867:2022 13836:2024 13806:2024 13769:ISBN 13748:2017 13719:2022 13693:2013 13667:2022 13632:ISBN 13585:ISBN 13546:ISBN 13512:2020 13494:ISBN 13468:2021 13432:ISBN 13399:ISBN 13377:ISBN 13358:PMID 13291:PMID 13254:ISBN 13223:PMID 13192:2024 13176:PMID 13137:PMID 13102:PMID 12969:PMID 12934:PMID 12886:2009 12839:PMID 12802:2010 12772:2013 12741:PMID 12696:2010 12660:PMID 12615:2021 12583:2021 12565:ISBN 12537:2024 12507:2024 12477:2024 12444:ISBN 12395:2024 12360:2007 12324:2008 12293:2020 12257:2007 12196:2018 12139:2012 12109:2020 12076:2010 12047:2020 12015:2024 11951:ISBN 11928:2024 11897:2024 11866:2020 11848:ISBN 11827:2020 11794:2024 11764:2024 11733:2024 11702:2024 11668:PMID 11627:PMID 11580:2018 11564:PMID 11529:2021 11496:2018 11463:2018 11426:ISBN 11372:2010 11346:2024 11256:ISBN 11225:ISSN 11195:2024 11179:ACME 11115:ISBN 11090:PMID 11037:ISBN 11011:2011 10978:2011 10875:ISBN 10844:PMID 10826:ISSN 10786:2024 10768:ISBN 10747:2024 10644:PMID 10545:ISBN 10493:2019 10475:ISBN 10452:2023 10422:2023 10392:2023 10356:PMID 10311:PMID 10258:ISBN 10233:2023 10217:OCLC 10207:ISBN 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