1272:. Contaminated drinking water and unpasteurized milk provide an efficient means for distribution. Contaminated food is a major source of isolated infections, with incorrectly prepared meat and poultry as the primary source of the bacteria. Moreover, surveys show that 20 to 100% of retail chickens are contaminated. This is not overly surprising, since many healthy chickens carry these bacteria in their intestinal tracts and often in high concentrations, up to 10 cfu/g. The bacteria contaminate the carcasses due to poor hygiene during the slaughter process. Several studies have shown increased concentrations of campylobacter on the carcasses after the evisceration. Studies have investigated the chicken microbiome to understand how, why and when campylobacter appears within the chicken gut. The impact of industrial system production systems on the chicken gut microbiome and campylobacter prevalence has also been investigated.
1568:, a fluoroquinolone, had microbial resistance rates of 17% in 1997–1999, which further increased to 27% in 2015–2017. On September 12, 2005, the FDA suspended the use of all fluoroquinolones in poultry production, and the prevalence of campylobacter strains that are fluoroquinolone resistant in poultry flocks, poultry products, production facilities, and human infections became vital to monitor; this was in an effort to determine if the fluoroquinolone ban led to a reduction in the antibiotic-resistant strains. A presence of drug-resistance to ciprofloxacin has been observed in isolate studies, as well as significant drug-resistance among campylobacter to the antibiotics
655:
1750:
7743:
46:
33:
7754:
685:. Individuals infected with this bacteria can experience a prodromal phase of symptoms for the first 1 to 3 days, in which the more severe portion of the disease occurs. The prodromal phase presents with symptoms including rigors, high fever, body aches, and dizziness. Other than the prodromal phase, the acute diarrheal phase of enteritis usually lasts around 7 days, however abdominal pain can persist for weeks afterward. The disease is usually
7774:
7784:
7764:
7733:
1547:. Erythromycin is inexpensive and limits toxic exposure to patients, however resistance rates are reportedly increasing; its use is continued however, as resistance rates remain below 5%. Azithromycin usage is increasing due to various drug characteristics, including its once-a-day dosage, tolerability by patients, decreased relation to
854:
is the most important because it can cross the gut wall. IgA immobilises organisms, causing them to aggregate and activate complement, and also gives short-term immunity against the infecting strain of organism. The bacteria colonize the small and large intestines, causing inflammatory diarrhea with
745:
seldomly causes disease in animals and infections are more common in lower income countries. Deadly infections are not often seen in young adults but rather among the young and elderly. Due to poor sanitation practices in some areas, the bacteria can also be found in ice and water. It is difficult to
1359:
infections have been monitored by the
Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) since 1996. In 2010, campylobacter incidence showed a 27% decrease compared with 1996–1998. In 2010, the incidence was 13.6 cases per 100,000 population, and this did not change significantly compared with
1349:
An estimated 2 million cases of campylobacter enteritis occur annually, accounting for 5–7% of cases of gastroenteritis. Campylobacter has a large animal reservoir, with up to 100% of poultry, including chickens, turkeys, and waterfowl, having asymptomatic intestinal infections. The major reservoirs
1437:
infection in 2010 was in children younger than 5 years and was 24.4 cases per 100,000 population. Community based studies done in developing countries show about 60,000 out of every 100,000 children under five years old are affected by campylobacter infections. However, the rate of fecal cultures
1563:
Fluoroquinolones were first approved as a treatment for campylobacter infections in 1986, and were later U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) approved in 1996, so as to control infections in poultry flocks. The CDC began monitoring campylobacter in 1997 in the National Antimicrobial Resistance
1534:
infections is usually not required nor recommended. Antibiotics are limited for treating high-risk patients including immunocompromised and older individuals. Severe cases exhibiting symptoms such as bloody stools, fever, severe abdominal pain, pregnancy, infection with HIV, and prolonged illness
736:
disease meaning it is more commonly spread from animals to people than in between humans. People most often contract it by touching something that has been in contact with raw or undercooked chicken in addition to eating or touching poultry that is raw or undercooked. Additionally, it can also be
1275:
Raw milk is also a source of infections. The bacteria are often carried by healthy cattle and by flies on farms. Unchlorinated water may also be a source of infections. However, properly cooking chicken, pasteurizing milk, and chlorinating drinking water kill the bacteria. While salmonella is
1516:
infections tend to be mild, requiring only hydration and electrolyte repletion while diarrhea lasts. Maintenance of electrolyte balance, not antibiotic treatment, is the cornerstone of treatment for campylobacter enteritis. Depending on the degree of dehydration, alternate measures may be taken
1322:
can cause is
Guillain–Barré syndrome, which induces neuromuscular paralysis in a sizeable percentage of those who suffer from it. Over time, the paralysis is typically reversible to some extent; nonetheless, about 20% of patients with GBS are left disabled, and around 5% die. Another chronic
175:
each year for each 100,000 people in the US, while many more cases are undiagnosed or unreported; the CDC estimates a total of 1.5 million infections every year. The
European Food Safety Authority reported 246,571 cases in 2018, and estimated approximately nine million cases of human
1221:, can survive in the gut for several days but does not establish a long-term infection due to its low replication rate, which is incompatible with a persistent bacterial presence. The bacteria-induced apoptosis of infected gut cells results in the rapid clearance of the
7363:
1354:
are cattle and sheep. More than 90% of campylobacter infections occur during the summer months due to undercooked meats from outdoor cooking. Nonetheless, the incidence of campylobacter infections has been declining. Changes in the incidence of culture-confirmed
849:
releases several different toxins, mainly enterotoxin and cytotoxins, which vary from strain to strain and correlate with the severity of the enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine). During infection, levels of all immunoglobulin classes rise. Of these,
910:
can also aid in the secretion intracellular proteins. The production of flagella is energetically costly so the production must be regulated from metabolic standpoint. CsrA is a post-transcriptional regulator that regulates the expression of FlaA by binding to
1432:
Campylobacter infections can occur in all age groups. Studies show a peak incidence in children younger than 1 year and in people aged 15–29 years. The age-specific attack rate is highest in young children. In the United States, the highest incidence of
1841:
were commonly found in genes encoding the biosynthesis or modification of surface structures, or in closely linked genes of unknown function. The apparently high rate of variation of these homopolymeric tracts may be important in the survival strategy of
1602:
Prevent cross-contamination in the kitchen by using separate cutting boards for foods of animal origin and other foods and by thoroughly cleaning all cutting boards, countertops, and utensils with soap and hot water after preparing raw food of animal
882:
bioactivity may eventually result in the failure of local and systemic bacterial clearance in patients. At the same time, moderation of anti-bacterial responses may be advantageous for infected patients in clinical practice, since such an attenuated
1380:
infections tend to peak in July, which could be linked to the rise in temperature worldwide. This pattern is associated with an increased reflection rate of the bacteria, which needs further investigation to establish any potential correlations.
1317:
Serious systemic illness caused by campylobacter infection rarely occurs, but can lead to sepsis and death. The case-fatality rate for campylobacter infection is 0.05 per 1000 infections. For instance, one major possible complication that
170:
in Europe and in the US, with the vast majority of cases occurring as isolated events rather than mass outbreaks. Active surveillance through the
Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) indicates that about 20 cases are
434:
and be applied to fatty acid synthesis or continue into the TCA cycle to create precursors for other biosynthetic pathways. Aspartate and glutamate are both brought into the cell via Peb1A transport proteins. Glutamate can be
447:
that feeds into the TCA cycle as well. Asparagine is also able to be deaminated into aspartate (which follows the process into the TCA cycle mentioned above). While the amino acids listed above are able to be metabolized,
256:
infections develop
Guillain-Barré syndrome at a rate of 0.3 per 1000 infections, about 100 times more often than the general population. Another chronic condition that may be associated with campylobacter infection is
1308:
is detected in <1% of patients with campylobacter enteritis and is most likely to occur in patients who are immunocompromised or among the very young or very old. Transient bacteremia in immunocompetent hosts with
1313:
enteritis may be more common but not detected because the killing action rapidly clears most normal human serotypes, and blood cultures are not routinely performed for patients with acute gastrointestinal illness.
1521:
methods of hydration. Indeed, most patients with this infection have a self-limited illness and do not require antibiotics at all; however they may be the best form of treatment in more severe cases of infection.
1592:
Cook all poultry products thoroughly. Make sure that the meat is cooked throughout (no longer pink) and any juices run clear. All poultry should be cooked to reach a minimum internal temperature of 165 °F
957:
1580:, the preferred source of antibiotic treatment for campylobacter infections, however resistant strains have been detected in many countries among sources of the origin of food from farm animals.
673:. In most patients presenting with campylobacteriosis, symptoms develop within two to five days of exposure to the organism and illness typically lasts seven days following onset. Infection with
7358:
1392:
infections are extremely common worldwide, although exact figures are not available. New
Zealand reported the highest national rate, which peaked in May 2006 at 400 per 100,000 population.
1777:
conditions are required for luxurious growth. A selective blood agar medium (Skirrow's medium) can be used. Greater selectivity can be gained with an infusion of a cocktail of antibiotics:
1396:
infection is a significant global health issue, with infection rates ranging from 0.3 to 2.9%. It is a widespread infection that affects individuals of all ages but is more prevalent in
2634:
Tegtmeyer N, Sharafutdinov I, Harrer A, Soltan
Esmaeili D, Linz B, Backert S (2021). "Campylobacter Virulence Factors and Molecular Host-Pathogen Interactions". In Backert S (ed.).
3849:
Rosenquist H, Sommer HM, Nielsen NL, Christensen BB (April 2006). "The effect of slaughter operations on the contamination of chicken carcasses with thermotolerant
Campylobacter".
5106:
980:
1535:(symptoms that last > 1 week) may also require treatment by antibiotics which can help to shorten the duration of the symptoms. It is advisable to treat these infections with
3462:
Dasti JI, Tareen AM, Lugert R, Zautner AE, Gross U (April 2010). "Campylobacter jejuni: a brief overview on pathogenicity-associated factors and disease-mediating mechanisms".
1884:
is a sexual process involving DNA transfer from one bacterium to another through the intervening medium, and the integration of the donor sequence into the recipient genome by
1412:
Campylobacter is more frequently isolated in males than females, and homosexual men appear to have a higher risk of infection by atypical campylobacter-related species such as
232:
motile bacterium with a single flagellum at one or both poles, which are also oxidase-positive and grow optimally at 37 to 42 °C. When exposed to atmospheric oxygen,
919:
mutant strains have been studied and the mutant strains exhibit dysregulation of 120–150 proteins that are included in motility, host cell adherence, host cell invasion,
1769:
at 42 °C, the normal avian body temperature, rather than at 37 °C, the temperature at which most other pathogenic bacteria are grown. Since the colonies are
607:), or fumarate as terminal electron acceptors as well to survive as a microaerophilic bacterium. Due to oxygen-limited conditions in the common areas of colonization,
983:(Cia), which facilitate invasion. The bacteria also produce cytolethal distending toxins that participate in cell cycle control and induction of host cell apoptosis.
1420:
7526:
194:
is a genus of bacteria that is among the most common causes of bacterial infections in humans worldwide. Campylobacter means "curved rod", deriving from the Greek
7916:
923:, oxidative stress resistance, respiration and amino acid and acetate metabolism. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of flagellar synthesis in
3927:"Comprehensive Longitudinal Microbiome Analysis of the Chicken Cecum Reveals a Shift From Competitive to Environmental Drivers and a Window of Opportunity for
768:
meaning it does need some oxygen to grown, spread, and transmit. However, it is highly adaptable and has adapted to grow in higher concentrations of oxygen.
426:
intermediates that can be converted to phosphoenolpyruvic acid for gluconeogenesis. This production of carbohydrates is important for the virulence factors of
1609:
Make sure that people with diarrhea, especially children, wash their hands carefully and frequently with soap to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
5099:
1462:
and selective culture techniques are used to distinguish it from other variants. Stool cultures are grown at 42 degrees
Celsius in an atmosphere of 85% N
1300:. Extraintestinal manifestations of campylobacter infection are quite rare and may include meningitis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and
7491:
288:
due to its low levels of guanine and cytosine, non-fermentative metabolism, and microaerophilic growth requirements. The first well recorded incident of
1897:
2807:"Growth of Campylobacter jejuni supported by respiration of fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, trimethylamine-N-oxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide requires oxygen"
7521:
6977:
5042:
1505:(PCR). These methods are more sensitive than stool cultures, but PCR tends to be the most sensitive especially in children and developing countries.
7481:
1129:
are upregulated, further triggering the immune response. The immune response activation is primarily driven by the use of ADP-heptoses to activate
611:
possesses two separate terminal oxidases with different affinities for oxygen, where the low affinity oxidase can directly retrieve electrons from
7890:
5092:
180:
infections are increasing at an alarming rate in Europe, North America, and Australia. In Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, data indicates that
6658:
7929:
7413:
7666:
7380:
3518:"The food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni depends on the AddAB DNA repair system to defend against bile in the intestinal environment"
2176:
7604:
300:
was first discovered in the small intestines of humans in the 1970s, however, symptoms have been noted since the early 20th century. The
2102:"Polar flagellar biosynthesis and a regulator of flagellar number influence spatial parameters of cell division in Campylobacter jejuni"
1276:
transmitted vertically in eggs, campylobacter is not. Therefore, consumption of eggs does result in human infection from campylobacter.
1240:
of many bird species. All types of poultry and wild birds can become colonized with campylobacter. One study found that 30% of European
4333:"Detection of Campylobacter in stool and determination of significance by culture, enzyme immunoassay, and PCR in developing countries"
301:
4893:
Stahl M, Stintzi A (June 2011). "Identification of essential genes in C. jejuni genome highlights hyper-variable plasticity regions".
3982:"Impact of industrial production system parameters on chicken microbiomes: mechanisms to improve performance and reduce Campylobacter"
7442:
3634:"The food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni responds to the bile salt deoxycholate with countermeasures to reactive oxygen species"
1194:
flagellin. The persistence of these antibodies in the body can last up to one-year post-infection. In this case, the development of
7877:
7486:
7348:
2756:"Metabolic and fitness determinants for in vitro growth and intestinal colonization of the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni"
1284:
Local complications of campylobacter infections occur as a result of direct spread from the gastrointestinal tract and can include
681:, or inflammation of the small intestine, which is characterized by abdominal pain, voluminous diarrhea (often bloody), fever, and
7903:
7456:
1765:
has a characteristic "sea-gull" shape as a consequence of its helical form. Campylobacter is grown on specially selective "CAMP"
1548:
902:. The flagellar protein FlaA has been proven to be one of the abundant proteins in the cell. Flagella are required for motility,
305:
4032:
1331:(HLA-B27) are most susceptible. Most often, the symptoms of reactive arthritis will occur up to several weeks after infection.
987:
also exploits different adaptation strategies in which the host factors seem to play a role for pathogenesis of this bacteria.
265:(HLA-B27) are most susceptible. Most often, the symptoms of reactive arthritis will occur up to several weeks after infection.
5062:
7447:
7395:
7300:
6272:
2651:
2269:
2205:
2160:
7908:
1327:. Reactive arthritis is a complication strongly associated with a particular genetic make-up. That is, persons who have the
937:. This system is crucial when the bacterium requires guidance through chemical signals. The chemotaxis system uses specific
713:
may be needed and intravenous fluid may be required for serious cases. Possible complications of campylobacteriosis include
261:. Reactive arthritis is a complication strongly associated with a particular genetic make-up. That is, persons who have the
7787:
7650:
7461:
7390:
7315:
7134:
5922:
5667:
7985:
7638:
7516:
1555:
are another source of treatment, however resistance rates of bacteria to this type of antibiotic is greatly increasing.
248:
species can be severely debilitating, but is rarely life-threatening. It has been linked with subsequent development of
6651:
5348:
945:
is dependent on the surrounding environmental conditions. Additionally, when the bacterium needs to move away, it uses
7655:
7614:
7579:
7564:
7546:
7471:
7250:
5476:
5119:
537:
4266:
1833:
are found. One of the most striking findings in the genome was the presence of hypervariable sequences. These short
1179:
from an immune response only start to grow in number at the inflammation site from the seventh day after infection.
236:
is able to change into a coccal form. This species of pathogenic bacteria is one of the most common causes of human
7660:
7496:
7427:
7422:
5912:
7599:
7506:
7370:
7285:
7048:
5917:
5458:
1087:
527:
518:
to use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor for the reduced carriers produced through the TCA cycle (hence why
7934:
7842:
7628:
7501:
7338:
7305:
5490:
5084:
6580:
1206:
1195:
860:
714:
249:
7404:
6794:
6644:
5306:
4213:
1846:. The genome was re-annotated in 2007 updating 18.2% of product functions. Analysis also predicted the first
335:
is unable to use sugars as a carbon source, primarily using amino acids for growth instead. The main reason
7767:
7633:
6476:
5800:
5236:
4941:"Enhanced transmission of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni biofilms by natural transformation"
3575:"Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid shapes microbiota against Campylobacter jejuni chicken colonization"
2181:
941:
that direct the bacterium toward areas with a higher concentration of the attractants. The exact nature of
309:
45:
7687:
7385:
7343:
6697:
6137:
6131:
5747:
1328:
1297:
541:
484:
262:
3740:"A Bittersweet Kiss of Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Role of ADP-Heptose in the Pathogenesis of Infection"
7990:
7682:
6216:
4331:
Platts-Mills JA, Liu J, Gratz J, Mduma E, Amour C, Swai N, et al. (April 2014). Diekema DJ (ed.).
1376:
pandemic may have influenced this decrease, and its statistical significance is yet to be determined.
754:
nature. The use of antibiotics and other treatments help in slowing and preventing the transmission of
2867:"Defining the metabolic requirements for the growth and colonization capacity of Campylobacter jejuni"
2754:
Gao B, Vorwerk H, Huber C, Lara-Tejero M, Mohr J, Goodman AL, et al. (May 2017). Waldor M (ed.).
7980:
7944:
7712:
7432:
5937:
5772:
5741:
5671:
5452:
5194:
4740:"The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences"
4413:
1881:
1502:
1257:
1164:
1031:
by a system employing proteins AddA and AddB that are needed for repair of DNA double-strand breaks.
530:
take place, giving another form of energy production without the use of microaerophilic respiration.
387:
317:
3691:"How RecBCD enzyme and Chi promote DNA break repair and recombination: a molecular biologist's view"
7574:
6935:
6927:
6770:
6412:
6315:
6194:
5932:
5927:
5811:
5600:
5419:
5342:
5334:
1885:
1855:
1573:
1163:
can influence the differentiation process of specific types of neutrophil granulocytes, triggering
1038:
859:
antigens that cross-react with one or more neural structures may be responsible for triggering the
375:
as well. Either the host or metabolic activity of other gut microbes can supply these amino acids.
206:
is considered one of the most important from both a microbiological and public health perspective.
7554:
7466:
6907:
6782:
6616:
6496:
6456:
6398:
6117:
5884:
5320:
5278:
5071:
3925:
Ijaz UZ, Sivaloganathan L, McKenna A, Richmond A, Kelly C, Linton M, et al. (October 2018).
3258:
Korneev KV, Kondakova AN, Sviriaeva EN, Mitkin NA, Palmigiano A, Kruglov AA, et al. (2018).
3023:
1599:
Wash hands with soap after handling raw foods of animal origin and before touching anything else.
1172:
686:
616:
561:
552:
for genes contributing to processes relating to FADH electron donation. Aside from these donors,
411:
229:
4838:
Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Xia D, van Vliet AH, Corcionivoschi N, et al. (29 June 2021).
4154:
Allos BM (April 2001). "Campylobacter jejuni Infections: update on emerging issues and trends".
3791:"Dynamics of Campylobacter colonization of a natural host, Sturnus vulgaris (European starling)"
2545:
Allos BM (April 2001). "Campylobacter jejuni Infections: update on emerging issues and trends".
452:
is capable of taking in many of the other amino acids which helps to lower the anabolic cost of
7895:
7804:
7622:
7542:
7437:
7260:
7139:
6432:
6350:
6309:
6305:
6186:
6180:
5947:
5657:
5592:
5386:
5292:
5264:
5198:
2334:
Fujimoto S, Amako K (June 1990). "Guillain-Barré syndrome and Campylobacter jejuni infection".
1862:
1446:
Diagnostic tests are available to identify campylobacter infections, including those caused by
1237:
1152:
965:
927:
enables proper biosynthesis of flagella and it is important for pathogenesis of this bacteria.
780:
710:
604:
252:, which usually develops two to three weeks after the initial illness. Individuals with recent
185:
4738:
Parkhill J, Wren BW, Mungall K, Ketley JM, Churcher C, Basham D, et al. (February 2000).
4290:
Davis L, DiRita V (August 2008). "Growth and laboratory maintenance of Campylobacter jejuni".
4056:
Fonseca BB, Beletti ME, de Melo RT, Mendonça EP, Coelho LR, Nalevaiko PC, et al. (2014).
855:
fever. Stools contain leukocytes and blood. The role of toxins in pathogenesis is unclear.
556:
can turn to products from the host gut microbiota including hydrogen, lactate, succinate, and
371:, which are listed in order of preference. If all of these are depleted, some strains can use
7644:
7594:
7589:
7333:
7081:
6449:
6438:
6236:
5866:
5692:
5663:
5470:
5230:
5184:
1893:
1372:
infection, which showed a decline of about 25.4% compared to the previous year. However, the
747:
662:
infection, results in inflammation as pictured above, in which eosinophil aggregation occurs.
344:
130:
7957:
1109:
that cause inflammation and activate immune response cells. Inflammatory chemokines such as
483:
to "switch" this reaction to take in acetate for the conversion to acetyl-CoA (catalyzed by
7757:
7071:
6755:
6610:
6523:
6405:
6056:
6014:
5994:
5951:
5807:
5606:
5286:
4751:
4245:
3802:
3645:
3586:
3529:
1943:
1847:
1455:
1414:
738:
628:
615:. The adaptations allowing for multiple electron acceptors help to combat the problem with
548:
uses NADH poorly compared to FADH due to a replacement of genes encoding subunits for NADH
395:
8:
7717:
7476:
7174:
6588:
6533:
6202:
6078:
6023:
5971:
5890:
5833:
5786:
5721:
5569:
5561:
5555:
5272:
5258:
5127:
3980:
McKenna A, Ijaz UZ, Kelly C, Linton M, Sloan WT, Green BD, et al. (September 2020).
3313:
El Abbar FM, Li J, Owen HC, Daugherty CL, Fulmer CA, Bogacz M, et al. (2019-08-07).
1518:
1082:
found in bile, allowing for survival. However, the added gene is absent during growth in
762:
159:
7773:
4755:
4666:
4635:
4190:
3806:
3766:
3739:
3649:
3590:
3533:
3159:
3134:
1896:. Antibiotic resistance genes are more frequently transferred in biofilms than between
814:
side of the polarized epithelial cell, facilitating this process. Once inside the cell,
296:
found in milk caused diarrhea among 355 inmates in two state institutions in Illinois.
7375:
7328:
7270:
7154:
6826:
6576:
6487:
5988:
5977:
5898:
5842:
5630:
5328:
5314:
5244:
5221:
5016:
4989:
4965:
4940:
4918:
4870:
4839:
4815:
4788:
4611:
4586:
4562:
4537:
4513:
4488:
4464:
4439:
4357:
4332:
4131:
4106:
4082:
4057:
4008:
3981:
3957:
3926:
3823:
3790:
3715:
3690:
3666:
3633:
3609:
3574:
3550:
3517:
3345:
3314:
3290:
3259:
3208:
3183:
2995:
2974:
2893:
2866:
2782:
2755:
2718:
2691:
2606:
2581:
2522:
2495:
2359:
2311:
2294:
2128:
2101:
2082:
1822:
1498:
1397:
1324:
1218:
972:
884:
879:
867:
718:
666:
600:
399:
258:
97:
40:
4715:
4690:
3862:
3368:
Young NM, Brisson JR, Kelly J, Watson DC, Tessier L, Lanthier PH, et al. (2002).
2831:
2806:
2240:
2213:
491:
enzymes). Lactate is a normal byproduct of many fermentative bacteria in the gut, and
7952:
7864:
7702:
7511:
7197:
6831:
6816:
6798:
6712:
6561:
6527:
6391:
6323:
6086:
6064:
6033:
5484:
5250:
5021:
4970:
4910:
4875:
4820:
4789:"Re-annotation and re-analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 genome sequence"
4769:
4720:
4671:
4616:
4567:
4518:
4469:
4389:
4362:
4313:
4299:
4171:
4136:
4087:
4013:
3962:
3907:
3866:
3828:
3814:
3771:
3720:
3671:
3614:
3555:
3479:
3444:
3399:
3350:
3295:
3240:
3213:
3164:
3070:
3000:
2898:
2836:
2822:
2787:
2723:
2657:
2647:
2611:
2562:
2527:
2467:
2400:
2351:
2347:
2316:
2275:
2265:
2201:
2156:
2133:
2086:
2074:
1994:
1210:
1041:
to repair its DNA, facilitated by the AddA and AddB proteins. These proteins replace
971:
of at least 22 bacterial proteins, at least some of which appear to be important for
453:
383:
87:
7921:
6005:
5962:
5857:
4922:
4073:
2379:"Incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome following infection with Campylobacter jejuni"
2363:
398:. Serine is the most important amino acid used for growth, brought into the cell by
7353:
7265:
7245:
7093:
7063:
6679:
6552:
6467:
6258:
6105:
6092:
5907:
5524:
5506:
5413:
5372:
5300:
5170:
5055:
5011:
5001:
4960:
4952:
4902:
4865:
4855:
4810:
4800:
4759:
4710:
4702:
4661:
4651:
4606:
4598:
4557:
4549:
4508:
4500:
4459:
4451:
4352:
4344:
4303:
4295:
4163:
4126:
4118:
4077:
4069:
4003:
3993:
3952:
3942:
3897:
3858:
3818:
3810:
3789:
Colles FM, McCarthy ND, Howe JC, Devereux CL, Gosler AG, Maiden MC (January 2009).
3761:
3756:
3751:
3710:
3702:
3661:
3653:
3604:
3594:
3545:
3537:
3471:
3434:
3389:
3340:
3330:
3285:
3275:
3203:
3195:
3154:
3146:
3060:
2990:
2888:
2878:
2826:
2818:
2777:
2767:
2713:
2703:
2639:
2601:
2593:
2554:
2517:
2507:
2457:
2390:
2343:
2306:
2235:
2225:
2123:
2113:
2064:
1552:
1199:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1047:
1020:
1008:
823:
751:
654:
632:
423:
67:
7869:
4587:"The persistence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter in poultry production"
3573:
Alrubaye B, Abraha M, Almansour A, Bansal M, Wang H, Kwon YM, et al. (2019).
2494:
Epps SV, Harvey RB, Hume ME, Phillips TD, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ (November 2013).
2264:(4th ed.). Galveston (TX ): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
1749:
1404:
is the most common clinical presentation, and it has a severe impact on children.
1190:
in the body increase the production of antibodies that specifically fight against
7569:
7275:
7237:
7207:
7053:
6986:
6851:
6836:
6760:
6727:
6502:
6423:
6377:
6282:
6222:
6157:
6099:
6068:
6060:
5763:
5733:
5727:
5610:
5439:
5363:
5190:
5066:
3886:"Survival of Campylobacter jejuni during Poultry Processing and Pig Slaughtering"
3599:
3374:-Linked Glycan Present on Multiple Glycoproteins in the Gram-negative Bacterium,
2772:
2230:
2118:
1794:
1774:
1301:
795:
391:
237:
225:
77:
7777:
5114:
5006:
4656:
3439:
3418:
2643:
741:
is the most common way it spreads as the bacterium is excreted in animal feces.
7692:
6856:
6821:
6717:
6602:
6252:
6246:
6109:
5847:
5378:
5145:
5115:
4787:
Gundogdu O, Bentley SD, Holden MT, Parkhill J, Dorrell N, Wren BW (June 2007).
4553:
4504:
4455:
4381:
3998:
3902:
3885:
3657:
3541:
3475:
3150:
1986:
1866:
1830:
1727:
1689:
1588:
Some simple food-handling practices can help prevent campylobacter infections.
1569:
1483:
787:
765:
737:
obtained form being in contact with animals or eating undercooked seafood. The
693:. Severe (accompanying fevers, blood in stools) or prolonged cases may require
585:
560:
to contribute electrons; formate, for example, is generated through intestinal
523:
488:
436:
241:
167:
4906:
4860:
4122:
3135:"Campylobacter jejuni: targeting host cells, adhesion, invasion, and survival"
2973:
Facciolà A, Riso R, Avventuroso E, Visalli G, Delia SA, Laganà P (June 2017).
2496:"Foodborne Campylobacter: infections, metabolism, pathogenesis and reservoirs"
2259:
1090:
in response to environmental conditions. Additionally, AddAB proteins enhance
7974:
7827:
7697:
7217:
7025:
6886:
6866:
6777:
6742:
6598:
6514:
6341:
6296:
6037:
6029:
5872:
5639:
5550:
5404:
5210:
5176:
5151:
5136:
3947:
3335:
3280:
2943:
2919:
2883:
2708:
1922:
1826:
1790:
1668:
1565:
1438:
positive for campylobacter species is greatest in adults and older children.
1285:
1059:, and Chi recognition, which allow for successful homologous recombination.
811:
799:
702:
581:
549:
506:
The energetic needs of these anabolic pathways are met in multiple ways. The
500:
368:
360:
221:
107:
4805:
3065:
3048:
2638:. Vol. 431. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 169–202.
2395:
2378:
162:
that is commonly associated with poultry, and is also often found in animal
7747:
7707:
7222:
7043:
7035:
7005:
6876:
6861:
6707:
6594:
6368:
5575:
5515:
5462:
5447:
5392:
5025:
4974:
4914:
4879:
4824:
4773:
4675:
4620:
4571:
4522:
4473:
4393:
4366:
4317:
4175:
4091:
4017:
3966:
3911:
3870:
3832:
3775:
3724:
3675:
3618:
3559:
3483:
3448:
3403:
3394:
3369:
3354:
3299:
3264:
Induces Moderate TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages"
3217:
3168:
3074:
3004:
2902:
2840:
2791:
2727:
2661:
2633:
2615:
2597:
2566:
2531:
2512:
2471:
2421:
2404:
2320:
2279:
2137:
2078:
1998:
1786:
1678:
1577:
1544:
1540:
1289:
1213:
between the bacteria and host nervous tissues may be the underlying cause.
1156:
1144:
698:
694:
511:
507:
32:
4724:
4308:
4140:
3884:
Oosterom J, DE Wilde GJ, DE Boer E, DE Blaauw LH, Karman H (August 1983).
3706:
3244:
2355:
1892:
freely takes up foreign DNA harboring genetic information responsible for
536:
can use many different electron donors for its metabolic processes, using
212:
is commonly associated with poultry, and is also commonly found in animal
7836:
7737:
7323:
7280:
7212:
7192:
7169:
7144:
6948:
6943:
6921:
6914:
6871:
6841:
6811:
6667:
6168:
6123:
6074:
5778:
5530:
4956:
4706:
4634:
Portes AB, Panzenhagen P, Pereira Dos Santos AM, Junior CA (March 2023).
4633:
4348:
3199:
2069:
2048:
1834:
1738:
1551:(IHPS), and less negative symptoms; this is comparative to erythromycin.
1479:
1293:
1245:
906:
formation, host cell interactions and host colonization. The flagella in
803:
706:
690:
612:
468:
440:
407:
340:
4030:
3632:
Negretti NM, Gourley CR, Clair G, Adkins JN, Konkel ME (November 2017).
3049:"Role of environmental survival in transmission of Campylobacter jejuni"
7882:
7538:
7290:
7255:
7184:
6971:
6846:
6806:
6675:
6636:
5542:
2446:"Campylobacter jejuni Infections: update on emerging issues and trends"
1838:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1487:
1451:
1305:
1225:, which likely contributes to the self-limiting nature of the disease.
1140:
1028:
946:
942:
938:
934:
920:
842:
783:
643:
476:
431:
419:
364:
348:
321:
7856:
4602:
2023:
1252:. It is also common in cattle, and although it is normally a harmless
7584:
7295:
7227:
7202:
7164:
7129:
7121:
7103:
7088:
7076:
7020:
6997:
6965:
6960:
6750:
6356:
6208:
5876:
5817:
5698:
4990:"Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms"
4764:
4739:
4246:"Campylobacter Infections: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
1810:
1715:
1536:
1253:
1241:
1168:
1106:
1105:
infection and eventual destruction of host cell cause the release of
678:
7798:
3231:
Wallis MR (March 1994). "The pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni".
3181:
2177:"Online Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 7: Campylobacter"
1869:, although this number is likely to go up with additional analysis.
1236:
is commonly associated with poultry, and it naturally colonises the
7821:
7559:
7149:
7098:
6954:
6894:
6722:
6692:
5792:
4167:
3182:
Kaakoush NO, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mitchell HM, Man SM (July 2015).
2558:
2462:
2445:
1401:
1373:
1269:
1265:
1222:
1056:
1052:
899:
831:
827:
791:
733:
636:
444:
403:
57:
3848:
1773:
positive, they usually only grow in scanty amounts on the plates.
627:
carries to impede the effects of reactive oxygen species include:
7851:
7015:
6732:
6702:
6383:
6329:
5683:
5648:
3924:
2500:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1814:
1770:
1323:
condition that may be associated with campylobacter infection is
903:
682:
596:
577:
557:
496:
464:
372:
3883:
2580:
Altekruse SF, Stern NJ, Fields PI, Swerdlow DL (February 1999).
7159:
7117:
6687:
5161:
4244:
Javid MH, Ahmed SH (2019-02-02). Talavera F, Bronze MS (eds.).
3257:
1261:
1187:
1176:
1126:
1042:
888:
819:
802:
and temporarily traverse the cells. The membrane-bound protein
526:). The conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetate mentioned above has
356:
2972:
166:. This species of microbe is one of the most common causes of
7113:
6765:
5050:
4786:
4104:
4055:
3572:
2922:. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019-12-20
2692:"Nutrient acquisition and metabolism by Campylobacter jejuni"
2416:
2414:
1925:. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019-12-20
1256:
of the gastrointestinal tract in these animals, it can cause
1130:
1110:
640:
591:
While oxygen is mainly used as a terminal electron acceptor,
471:
as carbon sources. Acetate is a normal secreted byproduct of
217:
213:
163:
7732:
4691:"A selective medium for isolating Campylobacter jejuni/coli"
2579:
1809:
strain NCTC11168 was published in 2000, revealing 1,641,481
430:. The pyruvate created from serine can also be converted to
4584:
4105:
Skirrow MB, Jones DM, Sutcliffe E, Benjamin J (June 1993).
1606:
Do not drink unpasteurized milk or untreated surface water.
1122:
1118:
1114:
996:
875:
3788:
3631:
2753:
2411:
2258:
Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ (January 1996). Baronm S (ed.).
7010:
4737:
4585:
Price LB, Lackey LG, Vailes R, Silbergeld E (July 2007).
4330:
4107:"Campylobacter bacteraemia in England and Wales, 1981–91"
2292:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1818:
1012:
999:
functions as a defensive barrier against colonization by
851:
669:
is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus
410:. Though this pyruvate cannot directly be converted into
5046:
3461:
3046:
2293:
Crushell E, Harty S, Sharif F, Bourke B (January 2004).
933:
employs a highly sophisticated navigation system called
878:-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages and such
499:
this lactate to supply pyruvate through the activity of
3367:
3312:
623:
cannot grow under strictly aerobic conditions. Enzymes
4542:
The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics
4493:
The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics
4444:
The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics
3979:
2582:"Campylobacter jejuni--an emerging foodborne pathogen"
2493:
2011:
4418:
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
3515:
2024:"Campylobacter jejuni | Campylobacter Food Poisoning"
1821:
species. The genome is unusual in that virtually no
1564:
Monitoring System (NARMS). Data from NARMS indicated
4837:
4379:
1984:
1880:is naturally competent for genetic transformation.
479:, and the absence of other carbon sources can cause
146:(Jones and Little, 1931) Veron & Chatelain, 1973
7492:
2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
3516:Gourley CR, Negretti NM, Konkel ME (October 2017).
3416:
2689:
2253:
2251:
2200:(1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1753:Scanning electron micrograph depicting a number of
1486:. A final diagnosis from a stool sample requires a
176:campylobacteriosis per year in the European Union.
1612:Wash hands with soap after contact with pet feces.
284:until 1963. Seabald and Vernon proposed the genus
4987:
4844:Type VI Secretion System and Effector Prediction"
4640:: A Systematic Review of South American Isolates"
4208:
4206:
4204:
3047:Bronowski C, James CE, Winstanley C (July 2014).
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2257:
2099:
1872:
1167:and increased reactivity, which leads to delayed
7972:
6560:
3268:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
3184:"Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection"
2871:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
2804:
2696:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
2376:
2248:
1854:among select strains, harbouring the bacteria's
422:), the pyruvate can enter the TCA cycle to form
402:transport proteins and further broken down into
4688:
4388:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
4261:
4259:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
1993:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
894:One of the most important virulence factors of
4538:"Optimal treatment of campylobacter dysentery"
4489:"Optimal treatment of campylobacter dysentery"
4440:"Optimal treatment of campylobacter dysentery"
4201:
4031:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
2847:
2622:
2195:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1062:When AddA and AddB are introduced into a wild
1007:is grown in a medium containing the bile acid
6652:
5100:
5049:, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by
4731:
4535:
4486:
4437:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
3844:
3842:
3737:
3566:
3464:International Journal of Medical Microbiology
3175:
2944:"Questions and Answers | Campylobacter | CDC"
2805:Sellars MJ, Hall SJ, Kelly DJ (August 2002).
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2636:Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
2439:
2437:
2435:
2333:
2295:"Enteric campylobacter: purging its secrets?"
1616:
1070:gene is formed, which repairs DNA damaged by
915:mRNA and is able to repress its translation.
619:arising from the sole use of oxygen as well;
7667:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
7482:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
7381:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
4892:
4283:
4256:
3625:
3490:
3132:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2046:
1368:In 2020, there were around 120,000 cases of
7605:United Kingdom food information regulations
4934:
4932:
4289:
4033:"Bad Bug Book – BBB – Campylobacter jejuni"
3081:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2327:
2144:
2093:
1961:
1900:(single cells that float in liquid media).
1596:Wash hands with soap before preparing food.
1217:, the most common causative agent of human
339:lacks glycolytic capabilities is a lack of
6659:
6645:
5107:
5093:
4886:
4243:
4230:
3851:International Journal of Food Microbiology
3839:
3695:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
3260:"Hypoacylated LPS from Foodborne Pathogen
2983:Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
2668:
2432:
2214:"Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced"
2100:Balaban M, Hendrixson DR (December 2011).
1260:in calves. It has also been isolated from
475:metabolism stemming from the recycling of
459:If other sources of carbon are exhausted,
31:
7443:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
5015:
5005:
4988:Michaelis C, Grohmann E (February 2023).
4964:
4938:
4869:
4859:
4814:
4804:
4763:
4714:
4665:
4655:
4610:
4561:
4512:
4463:
4380:Fischer GH, Hashmi MF, Paterek E (2024).
4356:
4307:
4189:Bonheur JL (2018-07-24). Anand BS (ed.).
4130:
4081:
4058:"Campylobacter jejuni in commercial eggs"
4007:
3997:
3956:
3946:
3901:
3822:
3765:
3755:
3714:
3665:
3608:
3598:
3549:
3438:
3417:Karlyshev AV, Ketley JM, Wren BW (2005).
3393:
3344:
3334:
3289:
3279:
3207:
3158:
3064:
2994:
2892:
2882:
2864:
2830:
2781:
2771:
2717:
2707:
2605:
2521:
2511:
2478:
2461:
2394:
2310:
2239:
2229:
2127:
2117:
2068:
1985:Fischer GH, Hashmi MF, Paterek E (2024).
7487:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
7349:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
6666:
4929:
4267:"Diagnosis of a Campylobacter Infection"
3877:
2734:
2198:The 5 minute infectious diseases consult
1936:
1748:
1558:
779:employs unique strategies to breach the
653:
7457:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
5080:– the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
4414:"Antibiotic Resistance | Campylobacter"
4188:
2914:
2912:
2150:
1576:. There is a low rate of resistance to
1549:Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
1525:
1478:requires these conditions due to being
1205:Campylobacter infections often precede
1066:variant, an added deletion mutant gene
1045:, which is used in other bacteria like
964:, which confers the ability to produce
388:non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
7973:
7472:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
7049:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
3782:
3230:
3139:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
2920:"Campylobacter: Questions and Answers"
2690:Stahl M, Butcher J, Stintzi A (2012).
1923:"Campylobacter: Questions and Answers"
1813:(30.6% G+C) predicted to encode 1,654
7803:
7802:
6640:
6273:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
5088:
4945:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
4939:Bae J, Oh E, Jeon B (December 2014).
4895:Functional & Integrative Genomics
4689:Bolton FJ, Robertson L (April 1982).
4153:
3688:
3233:British Journal of Biomedical Science
3018:
3016:
3014:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2938:
2936:
2544:
2443:
2377:McCarthy N, Giesecke J (March 2001).
1917:
1915:
1913:
1268:feces, being a cause of bushwalkers'
952:Other important virulence factors of
658:Enteritis, a major complication of a
439:into aspartate, and aspartate can be
7945:8b0e48ef-c60a-4edd-aa77-197708944f7a
7763:
7651:Institute for Food Safety and Health
7391:Australian meat substitution scandal
7359:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
7135:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
5658:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
3319:Post-transcriptional Regulator CsrA"
2909:
2196:Gorbach SL, Falagas M, eds. (2001).
1829:-associated sequences and very few
1198:(GBS) is associated with autoimmune
1094:colonization of chicken intestines.
949:to move in the opposite direction.
7783:
7639:Food Information and Control Agency
5045:genomes and related information at
4536:Eiland LS, Jenkins LS (July 2008).
4529:
4487:Eiland LS, Jenkins LS (July 2008).
4480:
4438:Eiland LS, Jenkins LS (July 2008).
4373:
2573:
1793:(Preston's agar), and growth under
1248:, United Kingdom, were carriers of
13:
5120:Gram-negative bacterial infections
4431:
3011:
2961:
2933:
2312:10.1203/01.PDR.0000099794.06260.71
2047:Gundogdu O, Wren BW (March 2020).
1910:
1097:
1019:is damaged by a process involving
599:, nitrite, sulfur oxides (such as
14:
8002:
7656:International Food Safety Network
7580:International Food Safety Network
7301:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
7251:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
6978:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
5477:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
5036:
4591:Environmental Health Perspectives
4294:. Chapter 8: Unit 8A.1.1–8A.1.7.
4292:Current Protocols in Microbiology
4062:Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
3863:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.12.007
887:may not be able to induce severe
7782:
7772:
7762:
7753:
7752:
7741:
7731:
7661:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
7497:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
7428:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
7423:ICA meat repackaging controversy
5693:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
5668:Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome
4337:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
4300:10.1002/9780471729259.mc08a01s10
3815:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01773.x
3738:Sidor K, Skirecki T (May 2023).
2979:from microbiology to prevention"
2823:10.1128/JB.184.15.4187-4196.2002
2383:American Journal of Epidemiology
1858:and putative cognate effectors.
1344:
1279:
1051:. AddA and AddB are crucial for
975:, host adherence and invasion.
44:
7600:Quality Assurance International
7507:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
7477:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
7371:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
7286:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
5459:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
4981:
4840:"Bioinformatic Analysis of the
4831:
4780:
4682:
4627:
4578:
4406:
4324:
4182:
4147:
4098:
4074:10.1590/S1517-83822014000100011
4049:
4024:
3973:
3918:
3731:
3682:
3455:
3410:
3382:Journal of Biological Chemistry
3361:
3306:
3251:
3224:
3133:Kemper L, Hensel A (May 2023).
3040:
2798:
2538:
2370:
2286:
1628:
1623:
1334:
1086:from 10 to 16 hours and may be
981:Campylobacter invasive antigens
806:is a critical binding site for
771:
724:
576:can also accept electrons from
528:substrate-level phosphorylation
316:as responsible for over 40% of
7629:European Food Safety Authority
7502:Food safety incidents in China
7339:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
7306:Water fluoridation controversy
5491:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
3757:10.3390/microorganisms11051316
2261:Campylobacter and Helicobacter
2189:
2169:
2151:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
2040:
1948:European Food Safety Authority
1882:Natural genetic transformation
1873:Natural genetic transformation
1490:or phase contrast microscopy.
834:digestion for up to 72 hours.
689:; however, it does respond to
503:iron-sulfur enzyme complexes.
1:
5307:Flinders Island spotted fever
4695:Journal of Clinical Pathology
3188:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2422:"What is Reactive Arthritis?"
2155:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1903:
1583:
1175:. In experimental processes,
990:
327:
7634:Food and Drug Administration
7316:Food contamination incidents
6477:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
5801:Burkholderia cepacia complex
5237:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
5060:at the Norwich Research Park
4156:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3600:10.1371/journal.pone.0214705
2773:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001390
2586:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2547:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2450:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2348:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91234-2
2231:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030040
2182:Food and Drug Administration
2153:Sherris Medical Microbiology
2119:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002420
1742:
1731:
1720:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1508:
1441:
1339:
891:in susceptible individuals.
746:know the science behind its
351:. The four main amino acids
292:infection occurred in 1938.
202:(rod). Of its many species,
7:
7688:Food and drink prohibitions
7462:Bihar school meal poisoning
7386:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
7344:1900 English beer poisoning
6698:Antibiotic use in livestock
6138:Far East scarlet-like fever
6132:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
5748:Chromobacteriosis infection
5007:10.3390/antibiotics12020328
4657:10.3390/antibiotics12030548
4191:"Bacterial Gastroenteritis"
3440:10.1016/j.fmrre.2005.01.003
2644:10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_7
2028:www.about-campylobacter.com
1493:Aside from stool cultures,
1384:
1329:human leukocyte antigen B27
1298:gastrointestinal hemorrhage
1011:, a component of bile, the
485:phosphate acetyltransferase
263:human leukocyte antigen B27
10:
8007:
7986:Bacteria described in 1931
7683:Curing (food preservation)
6756:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
4636:"Antibiotic Resistance in
4554:10.5863/1551-6776-13.3.170
4505:10.5863/1551-6776-13.3.170
4456:10.5863/1551-6776-13.3.170
4111:Epidemiology and Infection
3999:10.1186/s40168-020-00908-8
3903:10.4315/0362-028X-46.8.702
3890:Journal of Food Protection
3795:Environmental Microbiology
3658:10.1038/s41598-017-15379-5
3542:10.1038/s41598-017-14646-9
3476:10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.07.002
3151:10.1007/s00253-023-12456-w
1797:conditions at 42 °C.
1617:Laboratory characteristics
1228:
1182:After 11 days of having a
1074:. This inclusion protects
649:
564:. Unlike almost all other
382:is capable of include the
268:
7811:
7726:
7713:Genetically modified food
7675:
7613:
7565:Food labeling regulations
7537:
7433:2008 Chinese milk scandal
7314:
7236:
7183:
7112:
7062:
7034:
6996:
6885:
6793:
6741:
6674:
6551:
6513:
6486:
6466:
6422:
6367:
6340:
6295:
6269:
6233:
6165:
6156:
6048:
6013:
6004:
5961:
5938:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
5856:
5841:
5832:
5773:Burkholderia pseudomallei
5762:
5742:Chromobacterium violaceum
5709:
5682:
5672:Meningococcal septicaemia
5647:
5638:
5629:
5541:
5514:
5505:
5453:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
5438:
5403:
5362:
5220:
5209:
5160:
5144:
5135:
5126:
4907:10.1007/s10142-011-0214-7
4861:10.3389/fmicb.2021.694824
4848:Frontiers in Microbiology
4382:"Campylobacter Infection"
4123:10.1017/s0950268800050986
3935:Frontiers in Microbiology
3427:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
3323:Frontiers in Microbiology
3053:FEMS Microbiology Letters
1987:"Campylobacter Infection"
1800:
1530:Antibiotic treatment for
1503:polymerase chain reaction
1363:
1171:and higher production of
584:through its cytochrome c
318:bacterial gastroenteritis
136:
129:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
7575:Food safety in Australia
6771:High-fructose corn syrup
6413:Plesiomonas shigelloides
6195:Brazilian purpuric fever
5812:Bordetella parapertussis
5601:Bartonella bacilliformis
5420:Flea-borne spotted fever
5350:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
5343:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
5335:American tick bite fever
3948:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02452
3336:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01776
3281:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00058
2884:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00137
2709:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00005
1886:homologous recombination
1856:Type VI secretion system
1761:Under light microscopy,
1644:Growth at 35–37 °C
1039:homologous recombination
709:. Fluid replacement via
512:quinol terminal oxidases
312:collectively identified
7555:Acceptable daily intake
7467:2013 horse meat scandal
6908:Clostridium perfringens
6581:Guillain–Barré syndrome
6497:Cardiobacterium hominis
6457:Acinetobacter baumannii
6399:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
6118:Yersinia enterocolitica
5885:Klebsiella granulomatis
5321:African tick bite fever
5279:North Asian tick typhus
4806:10.1186/1471-2164-8-162
3066:10.1111/1574-6968.12488
2811:Journal of Bacteriology
2444:Allos BM (April 2001).
1421:Helicobacter fennelliae
1196:Guillain-Barré syndrome
1173:reactive oxygen species
1141:Neutrophil granulocytes
861:Guillain–Barré syndrome
841:must penetrate the gut
837:To initiate infection,
715:Guillain–Barré syndrome
617:reactive oxygen species
562:mixed-acid fermentation
544:most commonly – though
524:obligate microaerophile
412:phosphoenolpyruvic acid
378:The metabolic pathways
280:due to its likeness to
250:Guillain–Barré syndrome
7623:Centre for Food Safety
7438:2008 Irish pork crisis
7140:Benzene in soft drinks
6433:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
6351:Francisella tularensis
6310:Legionella longbeachae
6306:Legionella pneumophila
5948:Enterobacter aerogenes
5593:Bacillary angiomatosis
5387:Orientia tsutsugamushi
5293:Queensland tick typhus
5265:Japanese spotted fever
5199:Flying squirrel typhus
3689:Smith GR (June 2012).
3395:10.1074/jbc.M206114200
2598:10.3201/eid0501.990104
2513:10.3390/ijerph10126292
2224:(1): e40. 2005-01-04.
1863:transposon mutagenesis
1758:
1497:can be detected using
1427:
1407:
1153:antimicrobial proteins
1029:repair this DNA damage
798:, to cleverly disrupt
711:oral rehydration salts
663:
605:trimethylamine N-oxide
7645:Food Standards Agency
7595:Organic certification
7590:Nutrition facts label
7334:Esing Bakery incident
7122:environment pollution
6450:Moraxella catarrhalis
6316:Legionnaires' disease
6237:Pasteurella multocida
5867:Klebsiella pneumoniae
5664:Meningococcal disease
5471:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
5231:Rickettsia rickettsii
5195:Brill–Zinsser disease
5185:Rickettsia prowazekii
3707:10.1128/MMBR.05026-11
2396:10.1093/aje/153.6.610
2053:– survival instincts"
1894:antibiotic resistance
1865:screens revealed 195
1752:
1699:Motility (wet mount)
1652:Growth at 42 °C
1636:Growth at 25 °C
1559:Antibiotic resistance
1537:macrolide antibiotics
1159:substances. However,
1151:infection, releasing
969:-linked glycosylation
677:typically results in
657:
347:enzyme to employ the
345:6-phosphofructokinase
276:was originally named
220:, non-spore-forming,
216:. Campylobacter is a
7922:campylobacter-jejuni
7843:Campylobacter jejuni
7813:Campylobacter jejuni
7414:2006 North American
7072:Acesulfame potassium
6901:Campylobacter jejuni
6795:Intestinal parasites
6668:Consumer food safety
6611:Helicobacter cinaedi
6571:Campylobacter jejuni
6524:Aeromonas hydrophila
6406:Vibrio alginolyticus
6057:Shigella dysenteriae
5995:Citrobacter freundii
5952:Enterobacter cloacae
5808:Bordetella pertussis
5287:Rickettsia australis
5074:Campylobacter jejuni
5058:Campylobacter jejuni
5056:Current research on
5043:Campylobacter jejuni
4957:10.1128/AAC.04066-14
4842:Campylobacter jejuni
4707:10.1136/jcp.35.4.462
4349:10.1128/JCM.02935-13
3421:Campylobacter jejuni
3376:Campylobacter jejuni
3317:Campylobacter jejuni
3315:"RNA Binding by the
3262:Campylobacter jejuni
3200:10.1128/CMR.00006-15
2865:Hofreuter D (2014).
2070:10.1099/mic.0.000906
2051:Campylobacter jejuni
1848:pathogenicity island
1755:Campylobacter jejuni
1526:Antibiotic treatment
1415:Helicobacter cinaedi
1398:developing countries
1244:in farm settings in
1234:Campylobacter jejuni
1184:Campylobacter jejuni
1103:Campylobacter jejuni
660:Campylobacter jejuni
629:superoxide dismutase
396:fatty acid synthesis
274:Campylobacter jejuni
178:Campylobacter jejuni
155:Campylobacter jejuni
140:Campylobacter jejuni
25:Campylobacter jejuni
16:Species of bacterium
7718:Conspiracy theories
7271:Heterocyclic amines
7175:Shellfish poisoning
6589:Helicobacter pylori
6079:Bacillary dysentery
6024:Salmonella enterica
5972:Serratia marcescens
5891:Granuloma inguinale
5787:Burkholderia mallei
5722:Eikenella corrodens
5570:Bartonella quintana
5562:Cat-scratch disease
5556:Bartonella henselae
5273:Rickettsia sibirica
5259:Rickettsia japonica
4756:2000Natur.403..665P
3807:2009EnvMi..11..258C
3650:2017NatSR...715455N
3591:2019PLoSO..1414705A
3534:2017NatSR...714777G
3388:(45): 42530–42539.
1823:insertion sequences
1390:Campylbacter jejuni
995:In the intestines,
947:negative chemotaxis
160:pathogenic bacteria
7376:Toxic oil syndrome
7329:Swill milk scandal
7155:Diethylstilbestrol
6827:Diphyllobothriasis
6577:Campylobacteriosis
6488:Cardiobacteriaceae
5989:Citrobacter koseri
5899:Klebsiella oxytoca
5329:Rickettsia parkeri
5315:Rickettsia africae
5245:Rickettsia conorii
5065:2017-06-14 at the
4195:Medscape Reference
3638:Scientific Reports
3522:Scientific Reports
3370:"Structure of the
2426:Reactive Arthritis
2299:Pediatric Research
2049:"Microbe Profile:
1759:
1660:Nitrate reduction
1499:enzyme immunoassay
1454:is considered the
1400:. In these areas,
1325:reactive arthritis
1258:campylobacteriosis
1219:campylobacteriosis
1209:, indicating that
868:lipopolysaccharide
830:Vesicle, avoiding
719:reactive arthritis
667:Campylobacteriosis
664:
601:dimethyl sulfoxide
343:and a lack of the
259:reactive arthritis
98:Campylobacteraceae
7991:Food microbiology
7968:
7967:
7953:Open Tree of Life
7805:Taxon identifiers
7796:
7795:
7703:Food preservation
7512:Foodborne illness
7064:Sugar substitutes
6817:Cryptosporidiosis
6799:parasitic disease
6713:HGH controversies
6680:food contaminants
6634:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6562:Campylobacterales
6547:
6546:
6528:Aeromonas veronii
6392:Vibrio vulnificus
6324:Coxiella burnetii
6291:
6290:
6217:H. parainfluenzae
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6087:Proteus mirabilis
6034:Paratyphoid fever
5923:Enterohemorrhagic
5843:Enterobacteriales
5828:
5827:
5758:
5757:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5607:Carrion's disease
5501:
5500:
5485:Ehrlichia ewingii
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5251:Boutonneuse fever
4951:(12): 7573–7575.
4750:(6770): 665–668.
4603:10.1289/ehp.10050
2817:(15): 4187–4196.
2653:978-3-030-65480-1
2506:(12): 6292–6304.
2271:978-0-9631172-1-2
2207:978-0-683-30736-8
2162:978-0-8385-8529-0
1747:
1746:
1211:molecular mimicry
1165:hypersegmentation
874:induces moderate
824:perinuclear space
522:is considered an
454:de novo synthesis
151:
150:
88:Campylobacterales
78:"Campylobacteria"
7998:
7981:Campylobacterota
7961:
7960:
7948:
7947:
7938:
7937:
7925:
7924:
7912:
7911:
7899:
7898:
7886:
7885:
7873:
7872:
7860:
7859:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7800:
7799:
7786:
7785:
7776:
7766:
7765:
7756:
7755:
7748:Drink portal
7746:
7745:
7744:
7736:
7735:
7647:(United Kingdom)
7396:Jack in the Box
7367:
7354:Minamata disease
7266:Food irradiation
7246:4-Hydroxynonenal
7094:Sodium cyclamate
6937:Escherichia coli
6929:Escherichia coli
6661:
6654:
6647:
6638:
6637:
6558:
6557:
6468:Xanthomonadaceae
6276:
6259:Actinobacillosis
6240:
6173:
6163:
6162:
6093:Proteus vulgaris
6011:
6010:
5908:Escherichia coli
5854:
5853:
5839:
5838:
5714:
5645:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5525:Brucella abortus
5512:
5511:
5507:Hyphomicrobiales
5414:Rickettsia felis
5373:Rickettsia akari
5301:Rickettsia honei
5218:
5217:
5171:Rickettsia typhi
5158:
5157:
5142:
5141:
5133:
5132:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5085:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5009:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4968:
4936:
4927:
4926:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4873:
4863:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4808:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4765:10.1038/35001088
4735:
4729:
4728:
4718:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4669:
4659:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4614:
4597:(7): 1035–1039.
4582:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4516:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4467:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4343:(4): 1074–1080.
4328:
4322:
4321:
4311:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4241:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4210:
4199:
4198:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4162:(8): 1201–1206.
4151:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4001:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3759:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3602:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3513:
3488:
3487:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3145:(9): 2725–2754.
3130:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3020:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2970:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2862:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2751:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2711:
2687:
2666:
2665:
2631:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2553:(8): 1201–1206.
2542:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2491:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2456:(8): 1201–1206.
2441:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2233:
2211:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2121:
2112:(12): e1002420.
2097:
2091:
2090:
2072:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1982:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1898:planktonic cells
1831:repeat sequences
1621:
1620:
1553:Fluoroquinolones
1072:oxidative stress
1048:Escherichia coli
1021:oxidative stress
1009:deoxycholic acid
943:chemoattractants
939:chemoattractants
784:epithelial layer
739:fecal oral route
635:reductase AhpC,
495:can take in and
424:oxaloacetic acid
158:is a species of
142:
68:Campylobacterota
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
8006:
8005:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7956:
7951:
7943:
7941:
7933:
7928:
7920:
7915:
7907:
7902:
7894:
7889:
7881:
7876:
7868:
7863:
7855:
7850:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7807:
7797:
7792:
7742:
7740:
7738:Food portal
7730:
7722:
7671:
7609:
7570:Food libel laws
7533:
7361:
7310:
7276:Modified starch
7238:Food processing
7232:
7179:
7108:
7058:
7054:Sodium benzoate
7030:
6992:
6987:Vibrio cholerae
6881:
6852:Gnathostomiasis
6837:Fasciolopsiasis
6789:
6737:
6728:Mercury in fish
6670:
6665:
6635:
6626:
6543:
6509:
6482:
6462:
6424:Pseudomonadales
6418:
6378:Vibrio cholerae
6363:
6336:
6287:
6270:
6265:
6234:
6229:
6166:
6144:
6100:Yersinia pestis
6044:
6000:
5957:
5913:Enterotoxigenic
5845:
5824:
5764:Burkholderiales
5754:
5728:Kingella kingae
5710:
5705:
5678:
5617:
5611:Verruga peruana
5537:
5497:
5440:Anaplasmataceae
5426:
5399:
5358:
5212:
5205:
5191:Epidemic typhus
5149:
5122:
5113:
5072:Type strain of
5067:Wayback Machine
5039:
5034:
5033:
4986:
4982:
4937:
4930:
4891:
4887:
4836:
4832:
4785:
4781:
4736:
4732:
4687:
4683:
4632:
4628:
4583:
4579:
4534:
4530:
4485:
4481:
4436:
4432:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4396:
4378:
4374:
4329:
4325:
4288:
4284:
4275:
4273:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4242:
4231:
4222:
4220:
4214:"Campylobacter"
4212:
4211:
4202:
4187:
4183:
4152:
4148:
4103:
4099:
4054:
4050:
4041:
4039:
4029:
4025:
3978:
3974:
3923:
3919:
3882:
3878:
3847:
3840:
3787:
3783:
3736:
3732:
3687:
3683:
3630:
3626:
3585:(7): e0214705.
3571:
3567:
3514:
3491:
3460:
3456:
3415:
3411:
3366:
3362:
3311:
3307:
3256:
3252:
3229:
3225:
3180:
3176:
3131:
3082:
3045:
3041:
3032:
3030:
3024:"Campylobacter"
3022:
3021:
3012:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2863:
2848:
2803:
2799:
2766:(5): e2001390.
2752:
2735:
2688:
2669:
2654:
2632:
2623:
2578:
2574:
2543:
2539:
2492:
2479:
2442:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2375:
2371:
2332:
2328:
2291:
2287:
2272:
2256:
2249:
2212:
2208:
2194:
2190:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2149:
2145:
2098:
2094:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1983:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1944:"Campylobacter"
1942:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1906:
1875:
1867:essential genes
1803:
1795:microaerophilic
1775:Microaerophilic
1619:
1586:
1561:
1528:
1511:
1484:microaerophilic
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:for diagnosing
1444:
1430:
1410:
1387:
1366:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1302:neonatal sepsis
1282:
1238:digestive tract
1231:
1186:infection, the
1157:proinflammatory
1100:
1098:Immune response
993:
828:Clathrin-Coated
794:, particularly
774:
766:microaerophiles
727:
652:
633:alkyl hydroxide
392:gluconeogenesis
330:
271:
238:gastroenteritis
226:microaerophilic
184:infections are
147:
144:
138:
125:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8004:
7994:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7962:
7949:
7939:
7926:
7913:
7900:
7887:
7874:
7861:
7848:
7833:
7817:
7815:
7809:
7808:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7780:
7770:
7760:
7750:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7693:Food marketing
7690:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7676:Related topics
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7642:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7619:
7617:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7551:
7549:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7411:
7402:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7320:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7261:Food additives
7258:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7126:
7124:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7074:
7068:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6983:
6975:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6933:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6891:
6889:
6887:Microorganisms
6883:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6857:Paragonimiasis
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6822:Cyclosporiasis
6819:
6814:
6809:
6803:
6801:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6745:
6743:Food additives
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6718:Lead poisoning
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6684:
6682:
6672:
6671:
6664:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6641:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6603:Gastric cancer
6585:
6584:
6583:
6566:
6564:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6492:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6472:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6453:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6428:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6373:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6346:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6301:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6253:Actinobacillus
6249:
6247:Pasteurellosis
6243:
6241:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6176:
6174:
6160:
6158:Pasteurellales
6154:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6110:Bubonic plague
6096:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6019:
6017:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5967:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5918:Enteroinvasive
5915:
5903:
5902:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5862:
5860:
5851:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5804:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5717:
5715:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5653:
5651:
5642:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5547:
5545:
5543:Bartonellaceae
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5520:
5518:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5444:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5379:Rickettsialpox
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5226:
5224:
5215:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5166:
5164:
5155:
5146:Rickettsiaceae
5139:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5116:Pseudomonadota
5112:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5069:
5053:
5038:
5037:External links
5035:
5032:
5031:
4980:
4928:
4901:(2): 241–257.
4885:
4830:
4779:
4730:
4701:(4): 462–467.
4681:
4626:
4577:
4548:(3): 170–174.
4528:
4499:(3): 170–174.
4479:
4450:(3): 170–174.
4430:
4405:
4372:
4323:
4309:2027.42/154622
4282:
4255:
4229:
4218:Foodsafety.gov
4200:
4181:
4168:10.1086/319760
4146:
4117:(3): 567–573.
4097:
4048:
4023:
3972:
3917:
3896:(8): 702–706.
3876:
3857:(2): 226–232.
3838:
3801:(1): 258–267.
3781:
3744:Microorganisms
3730:
3701:(2): 217–228.
3681:
3624:
3565:
3489:
3470:(4): 205–211.
3454:
3433:(2): 377–390.
3409:
3360:
3305:
3250:
3223:
3194:(3): 687–720.
3174:
3080:
3039:
3010:
2989:(2): E79–E92.
2977:Campylobacter:
2960:
2932:
2908:
2846:
2797:
2733:
2667:
2652:
2621:
2572:
2559:10.1086/319760
2537:
2477:
2463:10.1086/319760
2431:
2410:
2389:(6): 610–614.
2369:
2342:(8701): 1350.
2326:
2285:
2270:
2247:
2206:
2188:
2168:
2161:
2143:
2106:PLOS Pathogens
2092:
2063:(3): 230–232.
2039:
2010:
1960:
1935:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1874:
1871:
1817:and 54 stable
1805:The genome of
1802:
1799:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1737:Resistance to
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:nalidixic acid
1726:Resistance to
1723:
1722:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:MacConkey agar
1685:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1625:Characteristic
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1570:nalidixic acid
1560:
1557:
1527:
1524:
1510:
1507:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1443:
1440:
1429:
1426:
1409:
1406:
1386:
1383:
1365:
1362:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1296:, and massive
1281:
1278:
1230:
1227:
1099:
1096:
1023:. To survive,
992:
989:
822:to access the
800:cell junctions
773:
770:
726:
723:
651:
648:
586:oxidoreductase
550:dehydrogenases
489:acetate kinase
329:
326:
270:
267:
242:Food poisoning
240:in the world.
218:helical-shaped
168:food poisoning
149:
148:
145:
134:
133:
127:
126:
122:C. jejuni
119:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8003:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7959:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7936:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7892:
7888:
7884:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7838:
7834:
7829:
7823:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7801:
7789:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7769:
7761:
7759:
7751:
7749:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7728:
7725:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7698:Food politics
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7665:
7663:(South Korea)
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7528:
7527:United States
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7448:2011 Germany
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7405:1996 Odwalla
7403:
7401:
7399:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7235:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7036:Preservatives
7033:
7027:
7026:Methamidophos
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Toxoplasmosis
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6778:Vegetable oil
6776:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6662:
6657:
6655:
6650:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6599:MALT lymphoma
6596:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6515:Aeromonadales
6512:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6342:Thiotrichales
6339:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6297:Legionellales
6294:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6268:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6232:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6181:H. influenzae
6178:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6039:
6038:Salmonellosis
6035:
6031:
6030:Typhoid fever
6028:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5873:Rhinoscleroma
5871:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5708:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5551:Bartonellosis
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5177:Murine typhus
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5152:Rickettsioses
5147:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:Rickettsiales
5134:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5103:
5098:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4935:
4933:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4834:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4783:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4685:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:Campylobacter
4630:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:Campylobacter
3921:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3845:
3843:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2428:. 2019-02-06.
2427:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1835:homopolymeric
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1669:Catalase test
1667:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:(74 °C).
1591:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:tetracyclines
1571:
1567:
1566:ciprofloxacin
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1532:Campylobacter
1523:
1520:
1515:
1514:Campylobacter
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1461:
1457:
1456:gold standard
1453:
1452:stool culture
1449:
1439:
1436:
1435:Campylobacter
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1358:
1357:Campylobacter
1353:
1345:United States
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:cholecystitis
1280:Complications
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:B lymphocytes
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
968:
963:
961:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
866:Hypoacylated
864:
862:
858:
853:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782:
778:
769:
767:
764:
760:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
735:
731:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:ciprofloxacin
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:self-limiting
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:Campylobacter
668:
661:
656:
647:
646:Tpx and Bcp.
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
582:metabisulfite
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Campylobacter
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
501:dehydrogenase
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:can also use
462:
457:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
437:transaminated
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:takes in are
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Campylobacter
291:
290:Campylobacter
287:
286:Campylobacter
283:
279:
278:Vibrio jejuni
275:
266:
264:
260:
255:
251:
247:
246:Campylobacter
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:nonfermenting
227:
223:
222:Gram-negative
219:
215:
211:
207:
205:
201:
198:(curved) and
197:
193:
192:Campylobacter
189:
187:
183:
179:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
143:
141:
135:
132:
131:Binomial name
128:
124:
123:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:Campylobacter
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
7812:
7708:Food quality
7615:Institutions
7449:
7415:
7406:
7397:
7281:Nitrosamines
7044:Benzoic acid
7006:Chlorpyrifos
6985:
6979:
6970:
6953:
6936:
6928:
6920:
6913:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6877:Trichuriasis
6862:Toxocariasis
6832:Enterobiasis
6708:Formaldehyde
6618:Helicobacter
6617:
6609:
6595:Peptic ulcer
6587:
6570:
6569:
6534:
6522:
6495:
6475:
6455:
6448:
6439:
6431:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6376:
6369:Vibrionaceae
6349:
6322:
6304:
6271:
6251:
6235:
6215:
6201:
6187:
6179:
6167:
6130:
6116:
6098:
6091:
6085:
6055:
6022:
5993:
5987:
5978:
5970:
5946:
5906:
5897:
5883:
5865:
5806:
5799:
5785:
5771:
5740:
5726:
5720:
5711:
5691:
5656:
5640:Neisseriales
5599:
5587:
5583:
5576:Trench fever
5568:
5554:
5523:
5516:Brucellaceae
5483:
5469:
5463:Anaplasmosis
5451:
5448:Ehrlichiosis
5412:
5393:Scrub typhus
5385:
5371:
5349:
5341:
5327:
5313:
5299:
5285:
5271:
5257:
5243:
5229:
5183:
5169:
5118:-associated
5077:
5073:
5057:
4997:
4993:
4983:
4948:
4944:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4833:
4796:
4793:BMC Genomics
4792:
4782:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4698:
4694:
4684:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4629:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4422:. Retrieved
4420:. 2022-06-27
4417:
4408:
4397:. Retrieved
4385:
4375:
4340:
4336:
4326:
4291:
4285:
4274:. Retrieved
4271:Marler Clark
4270:
4249:
4221:. Retrieved
4217:
4194:
4184:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4068:(1): 76–79.
4065:
4061:
4051:
4040:. Retrieved
4036:
4026:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3920:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3854:
3850:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3644:(1): 15455.
3641:
3637:
3627:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3528:(1): 14777.
3525:
3521:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3412:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3308:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3239:(1): 57–64.
3236:
3232:
3226:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3142:
3138:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3031:. Retrieved
3027:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2952:. Retrieved
2950:. 2023-02-16
2947:
2924:. Retrieved
2874:
2870:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2763:
2760:PLOS Biology
2759:
2699:
2695:
2635:
2592:(1): 28–35.
2589:
2585:
2575:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2503:
2499:
2453:
2449:
2425:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2260:
2221:
2218:PLOS Biology
2217:
2197:
2191:
2180:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2060:
2057:Microbiology
2056:
2050:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2002:. Retrieved
1990:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1927:. Retrieved
1889:
1877:
1876:
1860:
1851:
1843:
1806:
1804:
1787:trimethoprim
1762:
1760:
1754:
1707:Glucose use
1679:Oxidase test
1629:
1624:
1587:
1578:erythromycin
1562:
1545:azithromycin
1541:erythromycin
1531:
1529:
1513:
1512:
1494:
1492:
1480:thermophilic
1475:
1459:
1447:
1445:
1434:
1431:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1335:Epidemiology
1319:
1316:
1310:
1290:pancreatitis
1283:
1274:
1249:
1233:
1232:
1214:
1204:
1202:antibodies.
1191:
1183:
1181:
1160:
1148:
1145:phagocytosis
1139:
1134:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1088:up-regulated
1084:deoxycholate
1080:deoxycholate
1075:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1024:
1016:
1004:
1000:
994:
984:
976:
966:
959:
953:
951:
930:
929:
924:
916:
912:
907:
895:
893:
871:
865:
856:
846:
838:
836:
815:
807:
776:
775:
772:Pathogenesis
758:
755:
748:transmission
742:
729:
728:
725:Transmission
699:azithromycin
695:erythromycin
674:
670:
665:
659:
624:
620:
613:menaquinones
608:
592:
590:
573:
570:Helicobacter
569:
565:
553:
545:
533:
532:
519:
515:
508:cytochrome c
505:
492:
480:
472:
460:
458:
449:
427:
415:
406:by the SdaA
379:
377:
352:
336:
332:
331:
324:as of 1996.
322:laboratories
313:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
253:
245:
233:
209:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:
181:
177:
172:
154:
153:
152:
139:
137:
121:
120:
108:
24:
18:
7837:Wikispecies
7788:WikiProject
7625:(Hong Kong)
7362: [
7324:Devon colic
7198:Breast milk
7170:Nonylphenol
7145:Bisphenol A
7082:controversy
6949:Hepatitis E
6944:Hepatitis A
6922:Enterovirus
6915:Cronobacter
6872:Trichinosis
6842:Fasciolosis
6812:Anisakiasis
6783:controversy
6676:Adulterants
6440:Pseudomonas
6188:Haemophilus
6169:Haemophilus
6124:Yersiniosis
6075:Shigellosis
5779:Melioidosis
5588:B. quintana
5584:B. henselae
5531:Brucellosis
4994:Antibiotics
4644:Antibiotics
4037:www.fda.gov
3750:(5): 1316.
3059:(1): 8–19.
3028:www.who.int
2948:www.cdc.gov
2305:(1): 3–12.
1839:nucleotides
1783:polymixin-B
1767:agar plates
1739:cephalothin
1718:hydrolysis
1360:2006–2008.
1294:peritonitis
1246:Oxfordshire
870:(LPS) from
843:enterocytes
826:within the
812:basolateral
804:Fibronectin
750:due to its
707:norfloxacin
691:antibiotics
644:peroxidases
418:lacks this
408:dehydratase
349:EMP pathway
341:glucokinase
282:Vibrio spp.
7975:Categories
7539:Regulation
7522:death toll
7291:Shortening
7256:Acrylamide
7185:Food fraud
7165:Mycotoxins
6998:Pesticides
6972:Salmonella
6847:Giardiasis
6807:Amoebiasis
6751:Flavorings
6620:cellulitis
6203:H. ducreyi
6190:meningitis
5712:ungrouped:
5405:Flea-borne
5364:Mite-borne
5222:Tick-borne
5000:(2): 328.
4854:: 694824.
4799:(1): 162.
4650:(3): 548.
4424:2024-04-11
4399:2024-02-29
4386:StatPearls
4276:2024-04-09
4223:2016-04-18
4042:2016-04-18
3992:(1): 128.
3986:Microbiome
3033:2024-02-28
2954:2024-02-28
2926:2020-01-02
2033:2016-04-18
2004:2024-02-29
1991:StatPearls
1929:2020-01-02
1904:References
1811:base pairs
1779:vancomycin
1688:Growth on
1584:Prevention
1539:, such as
1519:parenteral
1517:including
1488:gram stain
1470:, and 5% O
1460:C. jejuni,
1448:C. jejuni.
1306:Bacteremia
1147:to combat
1137:infection
1107:chemokines
991:DNA repair
973:competence
935:chemotaxis
921:chemotaxis
818:leverages
790:. It uses
788:host cells
781:intestinal
763:fastidious
756:C. jejuni.
639:KatA, and
514:allow for
441:deaminated
432:acetyl CoA
420:synthetase
365:asparagine
328:Metabolism
244:caused by
7585:ISO 22000
7547:watchdogs
7543:standards
7517:outbreaks
7418:outbreaks
7296:Trans fat
7208:Olive oil
7130:Aflatoxin
7104:Sucralose
7089:Saccharin
7077:Aspartame
7021:Malathion
6966:Rotavirus
6961:Norovirus
6537:infection
6535:Aeromonas
6442:infection
6357:Tularemia
6209:Chancroid
5981:infection
5963:Slow/weak
5877:Pneumonia
5818:Pertussis
5699:Gonorrhea
5352:infection
2087:214750673
1953:2 January
1890:C. jejuni
1878:C. jejuni
1852:C. jejuni
1844:C. jejuni
1807:C. jejuni
1791:actidione
1763:C. jejuni
1716:Hippurate
1509:Treatment
1501:(EIA) or
1495:C. jejuni
1476:C. jejuni
1442:Diagnosis
1394:C. jejuni
1378:C. jejuni
1370:C. jejuni
1340:Frequency
1320:C. jejuni
1311:C. jejuni
1254:commensal
1250:C. jejuni
1242:starlings
1215:C. jejuni
1192:C. jejuni
1169:apoptosis
1161:C. jejuni
1149:C. jejuni
1135:C. jejuni
1092:C. jejuni
1076:C. jejuni
1064:C. jejuni
1035:C. jejuni
1025:C. jejuni
1017:C. jejuni
1005:C. jejuni
1001:C. jejuni
985:C. jejuni
979:secretes
977:C. jejuni
954:C. jejuni
931:C. jejuni
925:C. jejuni
908:C. jejuni
896:C. jejuni
872:C. jejuni
847:C. jejuni
839:C. jejuni
832:lysosomal
816:C. jejuni
808:C. jejuni
792:proteases
777:C. jejuni
759:C. jejuni
743:C. jejuni
730:C. jejuni
679:enteritis
675:C. jejuni
625:C. jejuni
621:C. jejuni
609:C. jejuni
593:C. jejuni
574:C. jejuni
572:species,
554:C. jejuni
546:C. jejuni
534:C. jejuni
520:C. jejuni
516:C. jejuni
493:C. jejuni
481:C. jejuni
473:C. jejuni
461:C. jejuni
450:C. jejuni
428:C. jejuni
416:C. jejuni
384:TCA cycle
380:C. jejuni
369:glutamate
361:aspartate
353:C. jejuni
337:C. jejuni
333:C. jejuni
320:found in
314:C. jejuni
298:C. jejuni
254:C. jejuni
234:C. jejuni
210:C. jejuni
204:C. jejuni
196:kampylos
182:C. jejuni
173:diagnosed
116:Species:
7896:10031912
7822:Wikidata
7778:Cookbook
7758:Category
7560:E number
7452:outbreak
7409:outbreak
7400:outbreak
7150:Dieldrin
7099:Sorbitol
6955:Listeria
6895:Botulism
6723:Melamine
6693:Aldicarb
6065:flexneri
5979:Serratia
5793:Glanders
5063:Archived
5026:36830238
4975:25267685
4923:24054117
4915:21344305
4880:34276628
4825:17565669
4774:10688204
4676:36978415
4667:10044704
4621:17637919
4572:23055879
4523:23055879
4474:23055879
4394:30725718
4367:24452175
4318:18729058
4250:Medscape
4176:11283810
4092:24948916
4018:32907634
3967:30374341
3941:: 2452.
3912:30921893
3871:16478636
3833:18826435
3776:37317291
3767:10221265
3725:22688812
3676:29133896
3619:31276498
3579:PLOS ONE
3560:29089630
3484:19665925
3449:15808749
3423:glycome"
3404:12186869
3355:31447808
3329:: 1776.
3300:29535976
3218:26062576
3169:36941439
3160:10027602
3075:24888326
3005:28900347
2903:25325018
2841:12107136
2792:28542173
2728:22919597
2662:33620652
2616:10081669
2567:11283810
2532:24287853
2472:11283810
2405:11257070
2364:38312888
2321:14605259
2280:21413331
2138:22144902
2079:32228803
1999:30725718
1861:Initial
1837:runs of
1815:proteins
1757:bacteria
1466:, 10% CO
1402:diarrhea
1385:Globally
1374:COVID-19
1352:C. fetus
1270:diarrhea
1266:kangaroo
1223:pathogen
1057:helicase
1053:nuclease
956:include
900:flagella
857:C jejuni
752:sporadic
734:zoonotic
637:catalase
595:can use
588:system.
445:fumerate
443:to make
404:pyruvate
94:Family:
64:Phylum:
58:Bacteria
54:Domain:
7883:3223337
7852:BacDive
7828:Q265488
7768:Commons
7641:(Spain)
7450:E. coli
7416:E. coli
7407:E. coli
7398:E. coli
7218:Seafood
7118:poisons
7016:Lindane
6980:E. coli
6939:O157:H7
6931:O104:H4
6733:Sudan I
6703:Cyanide
6384:Cholera
6330:Q fever
5933:O104:H4
5928:O157:H7
5582:Either
5211:Spotted
5017:9952180
4966:4249540
4871:8285248
4816:1899501
4752:Bibcode
4725:7042765
4612:1913601
4563:3462042
4514:3462042
4465:3462042
4358:3993515
4141:8519321
4132:2272297
4083:4059329
4009:7488076
3958:6196313
3824:2702492
3803:Bibcode
3716:3372252
3667:5684402
3646:Bibcode
3610:6611565
3587:Bibcode
3551:5665897
3530:Bibcode
3346:6692469
3291:5835049
3245:7841837
3209:4462680
2996:5584092
2894:4178425
2877:: 137.
2783:5438104
2719:3417520
2607:2627687
2523:3881114
2356:1971411
2129:3228812
1771:oxidase
1603:origin.
1229:Sources
1177:T cells
1133:, by a
1003:. When
904:biofilm
810:on the
786:of its
683:malaise
650:Disease
597:nitrate
578:sulfite
558:formate
497:oxidize
469:lactate
465:acetate
373:proline
269:History
200:baktron
186:endemic
104:Genus:
84:Order:
74:Class:
7958:559439
7942:NZOR:
7909:958568
7223:Shrimp
7160:Dioxin
7114:Toxins
6688:3-MCPD
6106:Plague
6069:boydii
6061:sonnei
5162:Typhus
5076:at Bac
5047:PATRIC
5024:
5014:
4973:
4963:
4921:
4913:
4878:
4868:
4823:
4813:
4772:
4744:Nature
4723:
4716:497682
4713:
4674:
4664:
4619:
4609:
4570:
4560:
4521:
4511:
4472:
4462:
4392:
4365:
4355:
4316:
4174:
4139:
4129:
4090:
4080:
4016:
4006:
3965:
3955:
3910:
3869:
3831:
3821:
3774:
3764:
3723:
3713:
3674:
3664:
3617:
3607:
3558:
3548:
3482:
3447:
3402:
3353:
3343:
3298:
3288:
3274:: 58.
3243:
3216:
3206:
3167:
3157:
3073:
3003:
2993:
2901:
2891:
2839:
2832:135223
2829:
2790:
2780:
2726:
2716:
2660:
2650:
2614:
2604:
2565:
2530:
2520:
2470:
2403:
2362:
2354:
2336:Lancet
2319:
2278:
2268:
2241:539341
2238:
2204:
2159:
2136:
2126:
2085:
2077:
1997:
1801:Genome
1789:, and
1630:Result
1364:Europe
1262:wombat
1127:CXCL10
1125:, and
1043:RecBCD
1027:cells
889:sepsis
820:dynein
631:SodB,
394:, and
367:, and
357:serine
7891:IRMNG
7366:]
7213:Prawn
7193:Bread
6766:Sugar
6503:HACEK
6283:HACEK
6223:HACEK
5734:HACEK
5213:fever
5051:NIAID
4919:S2CID
3419:"The
2702:: 5.
2360:S2CID
2083:S2CID
1827:phage
1474:, as
1131:ALPK1
1111:CXCL1
1078:from
1068:addAB
1037:uses
962:locus
761:is a
732:is a
705:, or
641:thiol
214:feces
164:feces
7930:NCBI
7917:LPSN
7904:ITIS
7878:GBIF
7870:QGQB
7857:2121
6761:Salt
6049:H2S−
6015:H2S+
6006:Lac−
5858:Lac+
5078:Dive
5022:PMID
4971:PMID
4911:PMID
4876:PMID
4821:PMID
4770:PMID
4721:PMID
4672:PMID
4617:PMID
4568:PMID
4519:PMID
4470:PMID
4390:PMID
4363:PMID
4314:PMID
4172:PMID
4137:PMID
4088:PMID
4014:PMID
3963:PMID
3908:PMID
3867:PMID
3829:PMID
3772:PMID
3721:PMID
3672:PMID
3615:PMID
3556:PMID
3480:PMID
3445:PMID
3400:PMID
3351:PMID
3296:PMID
3241:PMID
3214:PMID
3165:PMID
3071:PMID
3001:PMID
2899:PMID
2837:PMID
2788:PMID
2724:PMID
2658:PMID
2648:ISBN
2612:PMID
2563:PMID
2528:PMID
2468:PMID
2401:PMID
2352:PMID
2317:PMID
2276:PMID
2266:ISBN
2202:ISBN
2157:ISBN
2134:PMID
2075:PMID
1995:PMID
1955:2020
1572:and
1482:and
1450:The
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