Camden Park Estate

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in 1801 was sent to England for court martial after being involved in a duel. In England charges against him were dropped. Whilst in England Macarthur lobbied hard for support for his ideas as to the production of fine wool in the colony, which he believed would end England's dependence on Spanish wool. His beliefs were largely ridiculed by Joseph Banks, who would eventually acknowledge the success of the venture. Banks was patron to William Bligh, whom Macarthur was later instrumental in overthrowing. Macarthur however had powerful patrons, including Walter Farquhar, physician to the Prince of Wales, and the Colonial Secretary, Lord Camden. Camden supported him and ordered Governor King to grant Macarthur 2,023 hectares (5,000 acres) at a location of his own choosing. In 1805 when Macarthur returned to Sydney he chose the fertile "Cowpastures", which was the first area beyond the Nepean river to be settled. King begrudgingly acceded to Lord Camden's wishes, and the grant was verified in 1806. Macarthur named his new property "Camden Park" in honour of his patron.

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in 1801 was sent to England for court martial after being involved in a duel. In England charges against him were dropped. Whilst in England Macarthur lobbied hard for support for his ideas as to the production of fine wool in the colony, which he believed would end Englands dependence on Spanish wool. His beliefs were largely ridiculed by Joseph Banks, who would eventually acknowledge the success of the venture. Banks was patron to William Bligh, whom Macarthur was later instrumental in overthrowing. Macarthur however had powerful patrons, including Walter Farquhar, physician to the Prince of Wales, and the Colonial Secretary, Lord Camden. Camden supported him and ordered Governor King to grant Macarthur 5,000 acres at a location of his own choosing. In 1805 when Macarthur returned to Sydney he choose the fertile "Cowpastures", which was the first area beyond the Nepean river to be settled. King begrudgingly acceded to Lord Camdens wishes, and the grant was verified in 1806. Macarthur named his new property "Camden Park" in honour of his patron.

1543:"Seven miles out of Campbelltown, adjacent to the main Southern Railway at Menangle, the Camden Park Estate P/L has installed a Rotolactor which is designed to milk 2500 cows twice daily. A steel platform, 18 metres (60 ft) in diamenter is mounted on 20 steel wheels and revolves on two circular railways which rest on concrete walls 2 metres (6 ft) above the basement floor. The machinery is mounted underneath and revolves with the platform. An inclined ramp leads from the holding yards. The cows approach in correct order and enter slowly. As the platform revolves, milking commences using standard vacuum milking machines. After one revolution, the cows return to the holding yard via a ramp under the platform. Around the moving platform, the milk is collected in vacuum steel containers then emptied into a dump vat, pumped to the depot and within 90 seconds is chilled and ready for despatch to Sydney. 1436:

north-west over Belgenny, forming an important component of the landscape. William Macarthur established these cemetery gardens in 1834 and designed them to have two distinct compartments. The cemetery gardens were developed in the style of the English Landscape School. An iron palisade fence surrounds the outer perimeter garden and a second internal palisade fence contains the graveyard and further plantings. The southern side of the graveyard contains a single large tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) and is a rare botanical specimen planting. The major components of this area are Port Jackson pine or native cypress(Callitris rhomboidea) and the kurrajong (Brachychiton populneum) which are likely to be remnants of the original dry hill top woodland. African olives (Olea europaea var. africana) also dominate the canopy.

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seat", he commissioned architect John Verge to design a house of a stature suitable for one of the colony's leading and wealthiest families. The house was completed in 1835, shortly after John Macarthur's death in 1834. Sons James and William Macarthur took up occupancy in the new house, while their mother Elizabeth continue to reside at Elizabeth Farm in Parramatta, in which she had a life interest. Many of the furnishings still seen in the house were acquired by James Macarthur on a subsequent trip to England, where he met his wife Emily Stone. Their only child Elizabeth was to inherit the estate. She later married captain Arthur Onslow, and through that marriage their son James Macarthur-Onslow was to inherit both Camden Park and Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney. The current owners are the Macarthur-Stanham family.

735:"Camden Park, the Seat of Sir William Macarthur, November 17, 1864 – Sir William Macarthur, who is now almost as well known in Europe as in Australia, is a most enthusiastic amateur in horticulture. Camden Park is situated in the centre of an estate of 30,000 acres of fine arable and pasture land. It is 40 miles from Sydney and easily accessible by rail, the station of Mena(n)gle being within 4 miles of the house. "Camden Park is famed for its wine. Extensive vineyards are under cultivation. The principal grapes grown are those from Germany. The wine is made by men from the Rhenish wine districts. In 1866 Veitch referred to Macarthur in "The Gardeners Chronicle" as NSW's most prominent amateur botanist and his collection of plants and fruits as "by far the finest I have seen in the colony". 867:

Camden Park played a vital role in the fledgling Australian wine industry through its importation and distribution of vine cuttings throughout NSW and the Barossa Valley of SA. By 1853 Camden Park listed some 33 grape varieties for sale. By 1841 William & James were producing more than 5000 gallons and that vintage won gold medals in England. In 1844 24,000 vine cuttings were sent from Camden Park to Adelaide, setting South Australia on a path to becoming an internationally acclaimed wine growing district. Camden Park became world-renowned for the quality of its wine and by 1845 was producing around 45,000 litres; 12,000 US gallons (10,000 imp gal) per annum as a serious vineyard and one of the most highly regarded in the colony and with quite a reputation overseas.

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the use of plantings to enframe views; and the planting of trees with ornamental form, demonstrating the influence of the early nineteenth century horticultural movement. The area has historical significance as the original Macarthur nursery renowned for the introduction and propagation of exotic plants in early Australia. Significant features include the following: the area of olive and plumbago shrubbery; the brick edged gravel carriage loop; structured vistas from the house entrance and garden entrance; specimen plants of araucarias and camellias reputed to be the oldest in Australia; well blended later additions of herbaceous beds and rose garden; and ruins of the gardener's lodge, potting sheds and hothouses from the original nursery period.

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intellectually determined landscape design. Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate has strong visual and sensory appeal arising from its landscape setting, the quality of its vernacular agricultural buildings and the continuing presence of farm animals. The buildings are aesthetically distinctive and have landmark qualities. The farm buildings demonstrate distinctive attributes in their form and composition as well as demonstrating technical excellence and innovation for their period. The Macarthur family cemetery is prominently sited with strong visual links to other important points within the Camden Park Estate. The graveyard has emotive qualities arising from its garden setting and historic atmosphere.

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hectares (10,300 acres) were granted to the family in four separate parcels with a further 400 hectares (990 acres) rented. Clearing and burning programs were begun to prepare the land and threshing and dressing machines were ordered from local merchants. In 1824 a two-hectare (four-point-nine-acre) house site had been fenced off and a dairy had been built which employed 14 dairymaids and 23 shepherds. This implies that there were a number of dwellings for the estate workers in existence at this time. A further 4,208 hectares (10,400 acres) were added to the estate holdings in 1825 expanding the property to an area covering over 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres), with an additional 400 hectares under lease.

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agricultural prices and changing trends in farming. There were 19 tenants on the estate when William Macarthur died in 1882, increasing to 73 by 1885. In 1889 management was taken over by Onslow and Thompson, who had plans for renovating and repairing the buildings. The estate had become a little run-down and required repairs to all of the major holdings. During the 1890s, all Camden Park Estate roads were re-laid and edged with new fence posts and rail stock fences. Planted along all the estate fencing were miles of hedges. China monthly rose had been originally introduced by John Macarthur to Elizabeth Farm Parramatta in 1848. This was probably Rosa Chinensis, "Parson's China monthly".

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Exports were also listed in this publication, with the 1845 edition noting that William Macarthur sent two hybrid coral trees known as "Erythrina camdenensis" to Conrad Loddiges and Sons, a well-known Hackney nurseryman in London. This coral tree is believed to be the first Australian hybrid garden plant to be published in England, in 1847. William Macarthur continued to donate plants to the Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney until 1880, including roses, pelargoniums, orchards, palms, araucarias and tropical shrubs. He also regularly received plants from the Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney between 1835 and 1868, including grapes, Australasian conifers, African gesneriads and native plants.

1509:' designed by Henry Kitchen. Kitchen also designed Hambledon Cottage at Elizabeth Farm, the family's estate at Parramatta, and a series of unbuilt mansions for their Pyrmont estate and Camden Park itself. The original cottage was later demolished and replaced by a poorly configured structure that led several architectural historians to mistakenly decry Kitchen's capacity as an architect. This later structure and the original related outbuildings, known as the 'Camden Park Home Farm', form one of the oldest surviving groups of farm structures in Australia. In 1832, after Macarthur had finally decided to make Camden the 'family seat', he commissioned architect 1594:

the three survivors had the characteristic brown sepals of the descendants of "Anemoniflora" which William Macarthur used as a seed parent. Maybe it will prove to be "Mariana". One would need to look in winter or early spring. As for magnolias, two clones of Magnolia grandiflora (bull bay/evergreen or southern magnolia) were present. Both are large and very old – one has improved its prospects for durability but sending down low branches to help anchor it against gales (see picture with Christine, an EMAI employee) whereas the other has started vigorously sending up root suckers. (Several photos sent, filed in objective file).

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Australian brandy, and had 8 vintage and fortified wines varying from Muscat to Riesling at the Paris Exhibition of 1861. Also in the 1830s William Macarthur pioneered processes of drying fruit, "with which the British Isles were unacquainted". In 1857 Camden Park had a variety of all normal species of orchard fruits and nuts, 56 varieties of apple including cider making types, 31 kinds of pear, 23 citrus fruit varieties including Navel oranges, 16 table grapes apart from 32 wine varieties. Apricots, plums, cherries, quinces, figs, chestnuts, almonds and strawberries were also grown on the estate.

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compiled a collection of botanical specimens (about 100 survive) both of plants on the estate and from the district. This collection represents amateur botany and curation from at least the 1830s onwards, being some of the earliest such work and study done here. Rarer species are held as duplicates by the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. William also produced the first hybrid in Australia when he crossed one cape bulb hybridized Crinum x scabropedunculation (C. scabrum South Africa) with a native species parent C. pedunculatum. Joseph Hooker, the Director of the

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sheep wash and wool press. After changes of soil and climate in 1849 dictated sale of their merino stud, wheat was the stable until the mid-1860s. But rust and labour shortage led to a change to mixed farming – sheep and cattle fattening, mixed grains, wine, horses for India until 1857, and Australia's largest plant and tree nursery. The 2000 specimens of plants, shrubs and trees included the country's premier collections of domestic orchids and camellias, both of which William Macarthur was one of the first to introduce into Australia.

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litres; 6,000 US gallons (5,000 imp gal) and that vintage won gold medals in England. In 1844 24,000 vine cuttings were sent from Camden Park to Adelaide, setting South Australia on a path to becoming an internationally acclaimed wine growing district. Camden Park became world-renowned for the quality of its wine and by 1845 was producing around 45,000 litres; 12,000 US gallons (10,000 imp gal) per annum as a serious vineyard and one of the most highly regarded in the colony and with quite a reputation overseas.

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property was fenced. Livestock included sheep, horses, cattle and dairy cows. Crops included maize and wheat which grew along the river flats. During the 1830s, orchards, tobacco and vegetable crops were established and a mechanical irrigation system installed. Camden House was built between 1832 and 1835 but Belgenny remained the agricultural focus of the estate. It was here that John Macarthur lived out the final years of his life. He died in 1834 and was buried in the family cemetery located on a nearby hill.

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historic plantings remain on the Belgenny Estate such as the English oak (Quercus robur) located on the northern side of Belgenny Farm. This was planted by John Macarthur from an acorn he collected in 1789 from an Elizabeth Farm planting (now dead). It is the oldest surviving English oak tree in Australia. Originally, two dovecotes were located on the farm and were believed to have housed pigeons that flew messages between Belgenny and Elizabeth Farm. Today, only one survives.

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box (Eucalyptus moluccana) and forest red gum (E. tereticornis) and she oak (Casuarina glauca) in areas of high soil salinity or impeded drainage. Top paddock is presently used for grazing and these steep slopes offer broad views downslope to Navigation Creek Valley. The character of this zone has changed since the completion of the Agricultural Research Station, however this site is visually contained within the landscape and is not too apparent beyond this catchment.

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countryside and ensuring that any passing traveller could appreciate the owner's status by viewing their impressive country mansions from the road. This land use pattern of large farm estates and small towns, established in the nineteenth century, remained largely the pattern of development of the area up until the late 1990s. Aerial photographs of the area in 1947 show a rural landscape with some limited urban development on either side of (then) Camden Valley Way.

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taking it. Macarthur also organised an 809-hectare (2,000-acre) grant for his friend Walter Davidson, who allowed Macarthur to use his land freely after Davidson returned to England. In this manner Macarthur controlled 19 kilometres (12 mi) of riverbank on the site where the wild cattle had first discovered the best pasture near Sydney. Later purchases and exchanges increased the Macarthur land there to over 10,927 hectares (27,000 acres), an endowment that

31: 695:, setting South Australia on a path to becoming an internationally acclaimed wine growing district. By 1853 Camden Park listed some 33 grape varieties for sale. Camden Park became world-renowned for the quality of its wine and by 1845 was producing around 45,000 litres; 12,000 US gallons (10,000 imp gal) per annum as a serious vineyard and one of the most highly regarded in the colony and with quite a reputation overseas. 1104:

character. It is important to note that these zones are not subdivisions but a way of segmenting a large area with regard to topographic and natural features, visual catchments, existing vegetation and agricultural uses, the built environment and ownership. The property can also be broken down into four distinctive landscapes based on the approach of the 1985 Landscape Report prepared by the Government's Architect's Branch of the

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records dating from 1831 reveal a growing interest in plant hybridisation and colonial botanical assignments. Early botanical records held at the Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney, show that William Macarthur of Camden Park collected native plant specimens from all over NSW, and was donating oleanders and cape bulbs to the gardens from 1827. He also imported Australia's second consignment of camellias from England on the ship

1074:. The dining room has a finely detailed arched apsial end, and there is a large drawing room, library and breakfast room connected "en fillade" with views to the gardens and landscape beyond. The "geometric" staircase is to one side, not centrally placed, perhaps reflecting its rural nature. The service wings stretch to the side, rather than the rear as is conventional with colonial houses, and have a central 288: 2121: 1083:

excellent idea as to the contents of colonial gardens. Many trees date from the 19th century, including a bauhinia planted by Ludwig Leichhardt, the oldest camellia in the country – the camellia anemoniflora or "waratah" camellia – and unusual jubaea palms. Camden Park has always been associated with camellias. William produced the first Australian cultivar here, the camellia "Aspasia macarthur".

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and craftsmanship and the degree to which it has retained important original fabric and features. The building is generally regarded as one of architect John Verge's finest achievements. The house's historic significance is also due in large measure to its role as the home of the Macarthur family from the days of John and Elizabeth, through a direct line of descendants to the present.

489:. By 1804 much of the Cumberland Plain had been settled and King began to look for other regions in the colony for favourable arable land. The only suitable land within the Cumberland Plain was the area known as the Cowpastures, located in the south-western corner. This area was named after the discovery in 1795 of cows from the first fleet which had wandered off into the bush. 1769:

including the hamlets, cottages and other existing farm structures and agricultural landscape demonstrate a philosophy of rural development and colonisation derived from European theory. Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate and the surrounding Estate demonstrate overlays of the continual pattern of human use and occupation associated with the evolution of rural life in NSW.

847:, Mount Gilead, the church spire of St John's at Camden, and the family cemetery. The location of St Johns was carefully surveyed by Sir Thomas Mitchell; from the house carriage loop the spire is symmetrically framed by the distant Mountains Hunter and Taurus, earning the church the local quip 'built to the glory of God and to enhance the view of the Macarthurs'. 946:

this purpose. In 1928 a new timber slaughterhouse was built. By 1937, Belgenny became primarily a storage place for machinery. The working horse stables were converted to a shearing shed and additions were made to the granary and blacksmith's shop. The second storey of the creamery, which housed the cream separator, was demolished and a community hall was built.

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Cottage. However, disputes continued between Macarthur and Bligh over the control of the rum trade and its use as a currency. In 1807 when Macarthur resisted Bligh's order to arrest him, Bligh had him placed under "house arrest" by Rum Corps officers. Macarthur was effectively exiled from the colony from 1810 to 1817 for his involvement in the "

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wine production. The extensive vineyards were later destroyed after a phloxera outbreak. There is a large brick stable and, on a hill directly facing the front of the house, the family mausoleum where John and Elizabeth Macarthur and most of their children are buried. Members of the family in the direct line are still buried here.

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The estate's considerable social and historic significance is also due to its ability to demonstrate the way of life, tastes, customs and functions of a 19th – early 20th century rural establishment. From its establishment the site was a particularly fine example of a colonial rural estate and served

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Formerly a basalt quarry, Quarry Paddock has its surface strewn with stone chips. Characterised by a steep hill, the hilltop has expansive views across the site and beyond, and overlooks the cemetery with which it has a strong visual connection. Zone 17 has a sparse and fairly continuous canopy cover

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Vegetation is significant in this area due to the exotic plantings carried out by William Macarthur. Extensive remnants of these plantings survive today and some specimens being at least 140 years old. Of particular significance was a small Gravenstein apple tree (Malus sylvestris 'Gravenstein') that

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Top Paddock comprises steep slopes and minor ridgelines to the west of the main ridge. The two valleys are nearly bare of vegetation. The three ridges have been only partly cleared and retain a fairly generous cover of Eucalyptus crebra on the upper slopes. The lower slopes have been replaced by grey

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Menangle Paddock is open and expansive in character. It is a group of cleared, arable fields, gently sloping around Foot-Onslow Creek. Significant structures on this sight include a Sulman-designed gatehouse on Woodbridge Road, a row of cottages, a post office, the Department of Agriculture buildings

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From 1809 to 1817 John Macarthur left Australia as a result of his involvement in the Rum Rebellion. His wife Elizabeth managed his interests in his absence. While in Europe Macarthur studied agriculture and viticulture, and toured on foot throughout France with sons James and William. he was allowed

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Camden Park was a large sheep run established by John Macarthur south of Sydney near present-day Camden in New South Wales, Australia. Macarthur, who had arrived in the colony in 1790 as a lieutenant in the New South Wales Corp, had quarrelled with successive governors and most of his neighbours, and

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In 1921 a milk depot with a railway siding was built at Camden. Menangle Model Dairy was built in 1926 and improvements were made to the home dairy. From this time onwards the economic basis of the estate changed as the dairy activities at Menangle became prominent. The creamery building was used for

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Camden Park House is of historic and aesthetic significance as one of the finest of the nation's early 19th century country homesteads. More particularly it is an outstanding exemplar of Australia's Colonial Regency style of architecture, this significance being enhanced by the quality of the design

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As at 10 March 2006, the Camden Park Estate is of social, historic, scientific and aesthetic significance to NSW and Australia. It shows a high degree of technical and creative excellence being a rare, and still relatively intact, example of a model rural estate of the early 19th century (continuing

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Camden Paddock is characterised by a gentle undulating landscape. Open in character, Camden Paddock's north-west boundary forms the edge between the Estate and suburbia. A pastoral landscape associated with Belgenny, the Macarthur cemetery, the calf pens and the dairy, it is almost entirely clear of

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monument that marks the camping place where Governor Macquarie and his wife stayed in 1810. From the hilltop, superior views include the lagoon and swale in the foreground. In the middle distance are views of the Nepean Plain and river and Menangle village beyond. On the lagoon fringe grows blue box

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Many of the furnishings still seen in the house at Camden Park were acquired by James Macarthur on a subsequent trip to England, where he met his wife Emily Stone. Their only child Elizabeth was to inherit the estate. She later married Captain Arthur Onslow, and through that marriage their son James

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The large estates that flanked Cowpasture Road (later Camden Valley Way) and the Northern Road were run largely as sheep and cattle farms, with wheat and other grain crops being grown as well until the 1850s. The houses were often built on surrounding ridges or hills, providing sweeping views of the

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The gardens surrounding Camden Park are the largest and most intact Australian early colonial garden in existence. They are largely the creation of Sir William Macarthur, who was a keen botanist and horticulturalist and operated a sizeable commercial nursery from the estate. Old catalogues of plants

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with a number of other buildings, including modifications to the stables. These were originally two separate buildings that were joined to form one continuous building. In 1827 the community was provided with a place of worship, possibly made to serve later as a school. At the end of this decade the

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One of the first improvements Macarthur made to the property was the construction of a small hut on a ridge at Benkennie (Belgenny). Contemporary illustrations show it to have been a simple slab hut with a bark roof and a chimney on one side. It was located a short distance from the present Belgenny

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Moves towards the establishment of Belgenny Farm were first made in 1801, when John Macarthur was exiled to England for causing dissent after fighting a duel in which he shot his own commanding officer. While in England, Macarthur worked to promote his own interests and that of the colony by setting

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Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate is at the same time rare because it provides evidence of a defunct way of life and agricultural practices, as well as being a scarce example of its type and showing unusually accurate evidence of significant human activities. The existing fabric of the Estate,

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Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate is historically significant at a State level because it shows evidence of significant human activity in the agricultural industries. Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate shows continuity of agricultural activity over the bulk of European history of New South

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It is both representative of the evolution of many rural industrial technologies and a rare example of a remnant colonial farm within the Cumberland Plain where many of its scenic qualities have survived intact. Belgenny Farm and Camden Park Estate has important associations with key figures in the

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Belgenny Farm and Camden Park Estate has historical, aesthetic, social and technical/research significance at local, state and national levels as the oldest, intact, rural landscape and group of farm buildings in Australia, with close associations with the Macarthur family. Belgenny Farm and Camden

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Finally the estate is of major landscape and environmental significance as a significant area of open space lining the Nepean River with landmark landscape features including the tree lined river meadows, ridge top Belgenny Farm Group, the driveways and the relic orchard and plantations site on the

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James & William Macarthur managed the estate with great enterprise, importing expert workers: Australia's first skilled wool-sorter from Silesia, shepherds from Scotland, vignerons from Nassau and dairymen from Dorset. They installed the first irrigation plant in Australia in 1830 and the first

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In 2000 / 2001 Wollondilly Council prepared a Local Government Environmental Plan and Development Control Plan concerning a land release area at South Camden, on the western edge of Camden Park Estate's valley. The Heritage Office was involved in specifying controls to minimise the visual impact of

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Zone 20 is significant as it enabled early farm development in the region. This zone consists of the river and accompanying vegetation which has become despoiled on the banks through sand and soil mining. This has resulted in the banks becoming destabilised, causing weed infestation and a reduction

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Belgenny Farm was the headquarters for what is now the Camden Park Estate and is sited on a minor ridgeline. Belgenny has a strong visual connection with the cemetery and has broad views over the pastoral landscape to the east. The Belgenny group comprises an important collection of tenant cottages

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Hawkey's Dam, a shallow damming of Navigation Creek, enclosed on the east and west by hills and on its perimeter by tree planting to prevent wind evaporation, is a working example of Keyline practice (based on the writings of P.A. Yeomans). Perimeter plantings carried out in 1960–61 include she oak

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Indigenous Reserve is referred to as "Sawyer's Wildlife Conservation Area" and has been enclosed to allow for the regeneration of indigenous vegetation. This controlled zone has seen the re-emergence of a dense understorey of herbs, shrubs and tree seedlings which is uncharacteristic of the rest of

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As a result, from Menangle Sand and Soil mining operations, the original land profile has been lowered and the river banks have been destabilised. Zone 7 was almost completely cleared of indigenous vegetation until rehabilitation, however weed growth has appeared and the natural river character has

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Due to Ridgetop's height, its strong north–south axis, and the steepness of the adjacent slopes, Ridgetop forms the dominant geomorphological and visual backbone of the site. The extensive views to the east and west across the property to neighbouring countryside, Menangle village and to the ridges

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The whole land surface of the site should be considered as an ongoing and interrelated agriculture property rather than a site of individual structures or concentrated areas of heritage interest. Therefore, the property has been segmented into 21 distinctive landscape zones of internally consistent

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In 1821 the Macarthurs built Belgenny Farm House, a timber "cottage ornee". This house and the related outbuildings, known as the "Camden Park Home Farm", form one of the oldest surviving groups of farm structures in Australia. In 1832, after Macarthur had finally decided to make Camden the "family

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and Victoria. During the 1840s, vineyards were planted and the home farm expanded as new buildings were constructed and additions made to the cottage. The estate and family were instrumental in establishing the Australian wine industry. Camden Park became world-renowned for the quality of its wine.

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and the Sydney Botanic Gardens, via James Busby) in establishing the Australian wine industry. Camden Park became world-renowned for the quality of its wine. It played a vital role in the fledgling Australian wine industry through its importation and distribution of vine cuttings throughout NSW and

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and spent the culling season in the original hut while she managed the property. Governor and Mrs Macquarie stayed there during their visit in 1810 and described the hut as "small and miserable". By 1813, the Camden Park flock had increased to 4033 and a wool store had been built to house the clip.

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On his return to NSW in 1805 with an additional 2,000-hectare (4,900-acre) grant from Lord Camden, John Macarthur selected land known as the Cowpastures on the western side of Nepean River. Although these were the traditional lands of the Gandangara people, Macarthur expressed his gratitude to Lord

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Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate is rare because of its scarcity value and the accuracy of the evidence it displays. Belgenny Farm is the oldest surviving complex of farm buildings in Australia due to its combination of age, size, complexity, evidence of evolving technologies and uses set it

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Aesthetically, Camden Park Estate is in a setting of bucolic charm, symbolic plantings and important vistas with the added significance of the Macarthur family cemetery with its monuments and Belgenny Farm's timber vernacular buildings. The entire estate is considered to be an ongoing agricultural

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The Camden Park garden and nursery is historically important as part of the original Macarthur family Camden estate. The garden is significant for its demonstration of the early nineteenth century estate garden design, including the following: The use of a hill site to take advantage of the views;

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No deciduous magnolias were found. A few oak trees (Quercus spp.) remain but some looked senescent. A cork oak (Q.suber) looked splendid although some nearby eucalypts might threaten it in due course. Three old camellias were present and one other was dead. All were (Camellia) japonicas and one of

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beneath which are large cisterns. They originally had no external windows or doors, only a stronmg gate at one end, reflecting the secure nature of the house. Large cellars stretch the entire length and width of the main block of the house, and were partly used for storing the estates considerable

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through the Department of Planning stepped in to conserve Belgenny Cottage and farm buildings by purchasing 729 hectares (1,800 acres) of land and the buildings for $ 1.2 million. A further 444 hectares (1,100 acres) were purchased in 1984 for $ 2.85 million. The purchase did not include

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William, in conjunction with John Carne Bidwill, was involved with plant hybridization including roses, camellias, gladioli, cape bulbs and gesneriads such as African violets. He actively corresponded with botanists in England, Europe, America and India, exchanging plants and seeds. The Macarthurs

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Earlier Europeans had described "large ponds covered with ducks and the black swan, the margins of which were fringed with shrubs of the most delightful tints". The Europeans thought the flats were perfect for cattle and the hills would carry sheep. They admired the absence of underbush – probably

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Evidence of Macarthur's later meeting the Gandangara people is documented in some early records of the "Macarthurs of Camden". When the Privy Council asked Macarthur about "natives" in the area mooted for pastoral land, Macarthur replied that "they come amongst the settlers familiarly, but have no

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to design a house of a stature suitable for one of the colony's leading and wealthiest families; previous designers employed by Macarthur included Edward Smith and Henry Cooper. The house was completed in 1835, shortly after John Macarthur's death in 1834. Sons James and William Macarthur took up

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Timber is the main building material used for construction at Belgenny Farm. The buildings are stabilised and well conserved with little replacement to the original structures. Originally a small hut was constructed on the ridge at Belgenny Farm and was occupied by the Macarthurs between 1801 and

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and was believed to be one of the oldest apple trees still in existence in the country. This tree has since died and attempts to graft onto the roots have failed. In the recent past the southern extent of the Orchard was used as a citrus grove. The Orchard also includes structures such as the old

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The gardens surrounding Camden Park are the largest and most intact Australian colonial garden in existence. They are largely the creation of Sir William Macarthur, who was a keen horticulturalist and operated a sizeable commercial nursery from the estate. Catalogues of plants for sale give us an

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The orchard and nursery formed important parts of the estate, with the orchard surviving until the 1970s. A single "Gravenstein" apple tree is all that now remains, and it is perhaps the oldest surviving apple tree in Australia. A camellia japonica "Anemoniflora" (anemone flowered / waratah form)

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In 1825 James Busby wrote the first of a number of books on viticulture and wine making. In 1833, he brought 437 grape cuttings back to NSW and made these widely available (through the Botanic Gardens, Sydney). Busby, who had been trained in vineyard management, grape varieties and wine making in

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The following decade was prosperous for the family with their wool receiving record prices and prizes. Belgenny was the centre of operations for the Camden estate and its importance increased as the family's pastoral and agricultural activities were concentrated on the estate. An additional 4,170

1795:

Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate and surrounds satisfies all the guidelines for technical and research significance since it has yielded and has the potential to yield substantial historical, cultural, technical and archaeological information about the history of agriculture in NSW and the

1699:

The Camden Park orchard site and cottages area contains the remnants of an early commercial and scientific horticultural collection which was established by William Macarthur and made a contribution to commercial horticulture in NSW and other colonies such as South Australia. The cottages are an

1497:

The small (token) vineyard planting of 500 grape vines (in five varieties) on the site of the horse yards/paddocks, is to commemorate the first commercial vineyard and winery in Australia, established at Camden Park in 1820, (experimental planting) and in full swing by 1830. William Macarthur is

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Adjacent to the 1920s addition to Belgenny Farm located near the remaining dovecote may be the site of the original Macarthur garden. In 1993, remnant root stock and stumps of the original roses from this garden survived and new shoots were being nurtured. Immediately south of the homestead is a

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Other structures within Belgenny Farm are the stables c. 1826, the creamery (originally built as a coach house c. 1820s then operated as a creamery between 1900 and 1928), the slaughterhouse, the carpenters' building from the 1840s and the blacksmith's shop c.1930s. A number of important remnant

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was to inherit both Camden Park and Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney. The current owners are the Macarthur-Stanham family. Formerly a basalt quarry, Quarry Paddock has its surface strewn with stone chips. Characterised by a steep hill, the hilltop has expansive views across the site and beyond, and

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The farm had become economically negligible however the real wealth came from the orchard and dairy. In 1899 more cottages were built and a co-operative dairy was established with some of the tenant farmers. 387 hectares (960 acres) of land were reserved around the house and the remainder became

795:

outbreak of the 1870s. On a hill directly facing the front of the house is the family mausoleum where John and Elizabeth Macarthur and most of their children are buried; a painting by Conrad Martens in the house collection depicts the structure. Members of the family in the direct line are still

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William was also committed to commercial and scientific agriculture and horticulture and purchased a considerable amount of farm machinery in Europe. Between 1837 and 1839, a commercial dairy was established and the Macarthurs brought out 42 families and a small number of single men to settle at

629:

John Macarthur returned from England in 1817 with his two sons, James and William, and began to expand the productivity of the farm by introducing vine cuttings, olive trees and various seeds and agricultural implements purchased overseas. However an olive tree at the Macarthurs' Elizabeth Farm,

520:

Macarthur received the first land grant in the Cowpastures region in 1805 for his role in the early wool industry in the colony. Lord Camden rewarded him with 4,047 hectares (10,000 acres) and Macarthur chose the highly coveted Cowpastures for his grant, though Governor King tried to prevent him

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Several visits to the area by the colonial gentry took place at this time, which resulted in their desire to acquire some of this rich land for themselves. They saw the area as containing very good grazing land. Captain Henry Waterhouse described the area in a letter to John Macarthur in 1804 as

1455:

Belgenny Cottage was built in several stages, the earliest dating c. 1819. The original structure is located in the middle section of the current day cottage and was occupied by John Macarthur until his death in 1834 (in front of the fire) and was occupied by the family until 1835. The original

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to design a house of a stature suitable for one of the colony's leading and wealthiest families. The house was completed in 1835, shortly after John Macarthur's death in 1834. Sons James and William Macarthur took up occupancy in the new house, while their mother Elizabeth continue to reside at

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The NSW Department of Planning and Infrastructure currently owns the property. It is managed by the NSW Department of Agriculture, which has established the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute there. Within that, Camden Park House, garden and central portion of the estate is still owned,

1231:

Hamlet Basin has a levee depression formation that runs parallel with the existing river course. Zone 10 comprises several lagoons and ponds, a deep natural swale along the southern orchard boundary. Its enclosed atmosphere is created by the low ridge to the west, and the riverbank and orchard

723:

The first hibiscus to be introduced to NSW was an import of a single "red" by John Macarthur. The hybrid of this hibiscus became known as H. x camdenii. Macarthur introduced at least a thousand varieties of new plants and from 1843, the Macarthurs published an annual catalogue of their plants.

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entry for Sir William Macarthur 1800–1882 mentions that William "grew many fruit trees, vegetables and flowers and that later he built a hothouse and imported valuable orchids". Although there is no evidence of any breeding of ornamental garden plants in the early days of the colony, botanical

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Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate is socially significant at a State level because it is held in high esteem by significant groups within the contemporary community of New South Wales. Together with the Macarthur family cemetery and adjoining lands, the area has special cultural, social,

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The site also has significance through its historical associations with the Macarthur family – from its establishment by John and Elizabeth Macarthur in the early 19th century to the present day Macarthur-Stanham family – this relationship shown in both landscape and structures and being well

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The surrounding landscape, scenic views and remnant plantings are considerably intact and play a primary role in maintaining the integrity of the estate and adjoining landscapes Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate in particular has retained its integrity and intactness due to best practice

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section is the oldest surviving part and is made from brick nog, a very early form of construction. Original roof shingles remain beneath the iron. The cottage would originally have had packed earth floors, raised floorboards were a later addition. To accommodate the inward-opening doors, the

1435:

Located on top of a knoll, the cemetery is significant burial ground for generations of Macarthur descendants, and the focus of dense exotic plantings. Enclosed and restful, its location above the flood-prone valley offers extensive views to the east of the Macarthur-Onslow Estate, and to the

1323:

This is a broad, fairly flat, alluvial and flood-prone valley extending approximately north–south the length of the Estate, exhibiting erosion near the creek head to the south. In its northern extent it is open and pastoral in character, and largely bare of vegetation except for some she oaks

910:

During the 1860s, crop disease caused the decline of grain as a principal economic unit. Mixed farming based on horticulture, wine, mixed grain and agistment of cattle and sheep became the dominant economic pattern. By 1875, many of the tenants were given notice to quit as a result of falling

1711:

Two vineyards were planted in 1830 and 1841 and produced up to 73,000 litres; 19,000 US gallons (16,000 imp gal) a year including choice vintages, with as much as 140,000 litres; 36,000 US gallons (30,000 imp gal) in cellar sometimes. In 1832 the estate exported the first

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Zone 12 is presently used in part for grazing and fodder crops and is enclosed by riverbank vegetation to the north and east, and by the Indigenous Reserve to the west. These expansive flat fields form a portion of the river terrace and remnant fruit trees are found closer to the river bank.

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6 years after the death of her husband in 1882, Elizabeth Onslow took her children to England. While the children were at school, Elizabeth studied dairy farming and on returning to Camden in 1889 she founded a dairy farming complex, the Camden Vale Milk Co., which eventually merged with the

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Elizabeth Farm in Parramatta, in which she had a life interest. Many of the furnishings still seen in the house were acquired by James Macarthur on a subsequent trip to England, where he met his wife Emily Stone. Their only child Elizabeth was to inherit the estate. She later married captain

1813:

Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate is representative as an optimal example of colonial life in New South Wales in the first half of the 19th century. It also represents agricultural, viticultural and horticultural evolution and the dominant part which the Macarthur family played in the

1777:

Camden Park & Belgenny Farm Estate is aesthetically significant, which includes visual links between Belgenny, the cemetery, the mansion, the riverine and ridgetop vegetation as well as external elements such as St. Johns at Camden and the village of Menangle represent a major piece of

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2003-5 west of the Navigation Creek valley new urban development is in the process of being developed, the "Bridgewater Estate" development (on what was formerly the Dog Trap Paddock of the early estate). This continues the residential development of the suburb of Elizabeth Macarthur along

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in 1826. A camellia japonica "Anemoniflora" or "Red waratah" bush still survives at Camden Park House garden today and is possibly the oldest surviving camellia plant in Australia. With the publication of Catalogue of Plants Cultivated at Camden, 1845, it is apparent that the introduction,

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The economic recession of 1840 resulted in some land being sold with the proceeds from the sale used to fund the construction of a road network and an underground silo. By 1846, tenants had increased in number as more than 800 people lived on the property, occupying more than 80 hectares.

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Planting within the zone occurs in a linear fashion. Willows (Salix sp.) delineate the creek, Lombardy poplars (Populus nigra 'Italica') line one of the access roads and a privet hedge forms part of the southern perimeter. Similar hedging is located in the adjacent Rotolactor property. *

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A horse stud was established at the farm, which grew in importance as a feature lasting into the new century. The granary was built at some time after 1840 and was used to store produce and the carpenter's shop may have been erected at this time although its original function is unknown.

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By the 1830s the estate of 11,331 hectares (28,000 acres) included the greatest and most advanced mixed farm in NSW, at a time when Australian wools had almost ousted continental wools from British usage and the British manufacturers had a vast ascendancy in the world's woollen markets

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House was offered for lease in 1865, one of its selling points was that it was near a railway. Campbelltown now provided easy access to Sydney and its markets and grew as the centre of the district. Although Camden was established in 1836, with no railway line it remained a small town.

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lives and occupations of the people who worked there. As such, it is an important reference site and shows evidence of past technologies at a representative and rare level. The property has a useful research and educational role in helping us to understand our agricultural heritage.

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Overlooking the Nepean Plain and river to the east, these vegetated pastoral East Slopes are very steep. Visual quality of this area is lessened by overhead transmission lines and the Department of Agriculture security fencing. The dominant species is again narrow leaved ironbark

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Remembrance Drive. Apart from the prominent Camden Park Reservoir cylinder new houses are now highly visible from the central northern part of the EMAI lands. Other recent residential development is visible from the site to the south of Woodbridge Road, and west of Mount Taurus.

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During the 1900s, new milk and hay sheds were erected. Land sales and subdivisions paid for the construction of a new dam and underground water tank. Between then and 1920, more cottages were built on the estate, a number of timber silos were built and a second dam constructed.

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and may have been attempting to develop an early silk industry, since mulberry trees are a primary food source for silk worms. Descendants of the original mulberry plantings are located in paddocks along the western side of the blacksmith's shop and along the private road.

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overlooks the cemetery with which it has a strong visual connection. Zone 17 has a sparse and fairly continuous canopy cover of narrow leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra). Located here is also a cottage, one large olive tree (Olea europaea cv.) and remnant timber fencing.

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As at 30 July 2003, conservation during the 1980s by NSW Agriculture has enabled the timber structures to be preserved and many interpretative qualities remain intact. Belgenny Farm has high archaeological potential relative to historical landscapes and built structures.

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Cummin's Flat is very open, flat and grassy with glimpses of water to be viewed through the trees and reflections of flooded Gums in the northern part of the dam. Cummin's Flat is susceptible to evaporation and when the water volume is low, the flat is used for grazing.

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structure has been built at the entry point to the estate and additional planting of avenue and screening trees has been developed. A "country style" garden has been landscaped around Reception Cottage and a demonstration vineyard to the north-east of the site has been

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It is likely that Camden Park is the oldest post-1788 property still owned and occupied by descendants of its original family, the present owners being the Macarthur-Stanham family. The house and garden are open each year on the second last full weekend of September.

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planting to the east which it overlooks. Located in Zone 10 are six workers' cottages that are associated with the orchard. The pastoral basin itself is sparsely vegetated with rough barked apple (Angophora subvelutina), she oak (Casuarina glauca) and cabbage gum (

1136:), a prominent feature of exotic plantings associated with Dairy No. 4. and is visible from Menangle. Zone 2 is the only example on site of exposed hills viewed against the skyline and semi-replanting on the lower slopes retains the bare character of the hilltops. 1460:

had to have the "cut out" seen today. After John's death the cottage served as a manager's residence and later as an office (until the early 1970s), thus it had many alterations. The rear section is a "Hudson ready cut" or "kit" house, erected in 1920 on the

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In 1898, a cream separator was installed and a piggery nearby were built at Belgenny Farm. During the early 1900s, an engine room was built by the farm's carpenter to house steam and diesel engines, which were used to drive chaff cutters and other machinery.

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in 1846, who moved this stock to his Victorian property, and the remainder of the flock was sold in 1849. By the late 1850s there were approximately 160 farms on the estate. The sale of livestock continued up until 1856 when most of the horse stud was gone.

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This West Expanse is flanked by the Hume Highway and Finns Road to the west of the Estate and has broad views across the site to the central ridge. Zone 15 is a hilly and pastoral terrain and comprises a fairly sparse canopy cover of narrow leaved ironbark

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Its extensive grounds planted in the tradition of 19th century English landscape parks holds a major botanical collection and its large, exceptional collection of rural buildings is especially important because of both the quality and rarity of the group.

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The old oak tree (Quercus robur) to the cottage's south-west is reputed to be the oldest oak tree in Australia. It was supposedly grown from an acorn picked up in one of the English Royal Estates (undated 'Belgenny Farm: historical walking tour brochure).

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2013: Old Orchard (EMAI): The orchard is depleted of fruit trees (I was told by an (EMAI) employee, Christine that all of the apple trees except one were grubbed out for an apple and pear bounty in decades past, the last one was much later felled by

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hybridization, distribution and export of ornamental garden plants was becoming a growing industry. Of particular interest to the colony's growing plant industry was mention of new varieties of hibiscus and camellia being hybridised at Camden Park.

610:. John Macarthur was allowed to return to the colony in 1817 on condition that he no longer participate in public affairs. He turned his attentions to developing his considerable estates, and the merino flocks which he had moved to Camden Park. 1216:

Sawyers Paddock has an open character and is visually contained although distant ridges to the east are visible. Sawyers Paddock is pastoral land on a minor ridgeline crossed by overhead transmission lines. It is partly vegetated with grey box

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to investigate rumours of the strayed cattle discovered them in an area they promptly named "Cowpastures". The Cowpastures remained unoccupied due to the official decree that reserved the land for the wild cattle (to encourage their increase).

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As an unusually intact record of farm building construction techniques and rural technological change, Belgenny Farm and Camden Park Estate has enormous educational and interpretive potential for current and future generations of Australians.

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the Barossa Valley of SA. By 1841 William & James were producing more than 23,000 litres; 6,000 US gallons (5,000 imp gal) and that wintage won gold medals in England. In 1844 24,000 vine cuttings were sent from Camden Park to

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The gardens and landscape are a combination of the colonial picturesque – which in the Cowpastures area had a decidedly "arcadian" quality – and the gardenesque. Vistas from the house stretch out to nearby Mt Annan, Mt Gilead, the church

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and on 17 September 1805 James Meehan, under instructions from Governor King, commenced a survey of the track from Prospect to the Nepean Crossing and a rough road followed the marked line. This became known as Cowpasture Road, later the

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Belgenny Farm has a depth and complexity of cultural engagement and botanical history spanning two centuries of European settlement. It provides an important perspective on some of the most productive periods of the Camden Park Estate.

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All cows on Camden Park are tested annually for tuberculosis (TB). All milk is guaranteed to be free from this disease. There is no charge for visitors and a milk bar operates at weekends or for organised parties when advice is given".

1129:

Flanking Woodbridge Road to the south of the Estate are steeply rounded grassy hillsides, almost entirely cleared of tree cover, save for one olive tree (Olea europaea cv.) 0on "One Tree Hill". A few scattered narrow leaved ironbark

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William encouraged winemaking and brought out several German vignerons and their families. From the 1830s onward, the estate played a major role in establishing the wine industry by exporting tens of thousands of vine cuttings to

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Zone 6 is fairly flat land and has been completely cleared of tree cover and the only significant feature is the slight depression towards Menangle Pond. The adjacent mining operations and associated clearing are highly visible.

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In 1973, as a direct result of the rural recession of the 1970s, the land surrounding Belgenny was sold to new owner/developers with plans to redevelop the land for housing. At this time the orchard was unfortunately destroyed.

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as Five Bob Downs, the house of Harry Beecham. Notable scenes that feature the house and its contents include a formal dinner in the large dining room and a pillow fight between the central character Sybylla Melvyn, played by

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as a prototype for other 19th century estates. The intactness of the site's structures and their landscape settings enhances its role as a relatively unique survivor and as a site of archaeological and scientific importance.

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out the groundwork for a wool industry. He convinced the British Secretary of State, Lord Camden, to provide him with more land to pasture his flocks, and he also acquired a small number of merino sheep from the flocks of

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to return to the colony in 1817 on condition that he no longer participate in public affairs. He now turned his attentions to developing his considerable estates, and the merino flocks which he had moved to Camden Park.

983:

678:

William Macarthur took over the management of the estate after his father's death and was responsible for the introduction and hybridization of many exotic plant species, and experiments with new agricultural methods.

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By 1965 the estate was known as Australia's largest dairy. Dairy activities centred around Menangle. Belgenny Farm was mainly used to store machinery and the working horse stables were converted into a shearing shed.

622:) was sending wine to Governor Macquarie to keep him informed about the possibility of an Australian wine industry. Blaxland certainly knew of the grape varieties brought back to Australia in 1817 by John, James and 1290:. Other mature exotic trees are growing on the far side of the orchard on the flat to the NE of the house/garden a few kilometres away though off the Menagle Road. These comprise an evergreen magnolia / bull bay ( 1145:

in the middle and far distance gives an understanding of the site's regional landscape context. It has undergone only partial clearing and presents a sparse, yet fairly continuous cover of narrow leaved ironbark (

1814:

development of the colony and its infant primary industries. The estate is representative of Government patronage in return for favours, the pioneering spirit and continual family relationships and evolution.

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It is likely that Camden Park is the oldest post-1788 property still owned and occupied by descendants of its original family. It has an annual open weekend, held on the second last full weekend of September.

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Although the export of ornamental garden plants was not one of Camden Park's major industries, nursery catalogues reveal that cultivars from Camden Park were being sent to Rules Nursery, St Kilda,

1448:

Zone 19 is where Belgenny Farm started and many early 19th century buildings have survived intact due to a conservation program designed by Howard Tanner and Associates Pty Ltd during the 1980s.

1208:) while forest red gum (E. tereticornis) woodland and grassy understorey dominates the upper slopes. Waterfowl frequent the lagoon and other species of birds vary with fluctuating water levels. 576:

to grant Macarthur 5,000 acres (20 km) at a location of his own choosing. In 1805 when Macarthur returned to Sydney he choose the fertile 'Cowpastures', which was the first area beyond the

1483:) In spite of its old scar tissue from livestock damage, it is one of the healthiest and finest specimens of this species within the municipality and may be a remnant of the original woodland. 1445:

and timber farm buildings. This community is an exemplar of early Australian construction in timber. This zone includes the adjacent Dairy No. 2, timber calf pens and remnant exotic plantings.

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By 1819 a new cottage had been built at Belgenny, possibly designed by Henry Kitchen, and Macarthur was dividing his time between Camden, Elizabeth Farm and Hambledon Cottage at Parramatta.

1569:

Since 1989 a new access road has been constructed, beginning from the east of the farm buildings and terminating at a visitor car park located at the northern end of the site. A timber and

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managed his extensive pastoral interests in his absence. While in Europe, Macarthur studied agriculture and viticulture, and toured on foot throughout France with his sons James and

568:. He was forced to return to England to face trial for duelling (the charges were dismissed). While he was there, he gained the patronage of, among others, the Colonial Secretary, 2939: 505:

follows: "I am at a loss to describe the face of the country other than as a beautiful park, totally divested of underwood, interspersed with plains, with rich luxuriant grass".

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in 1827 that plans were again reinstated and the first settlers were allowed to take possession of their town land in 1831. In the early 1850s the railway line from Sydney to

591:. Located to the immediate North of the Belgenny Farm complex, the area thought to have been the site of this and other huts was the subject of an archaeological dig in 2009. 1026:' Co-operative Milk Co in 1928. Dairy Farmer's 'gold top' milk, known by its gold foil bottle top, was sourced from Camden Park. The property is still a working dairy farm. 580:

to be settled. King grudgingly acceded to Lord Camden's wishes, and the grant was verified in 1806. Macarthur named his new property 'Camden Park' in honour of his patron.

540:

and Cook. These all lay west of Parramatta. James Macarthur and family members have recounted stories of Aboriginal corroborees near Camden Park in 1839, 1846 and 1850.

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The first structure built at Camden Park was a slab and bark hut, referred to as the "miserable hut" by Governor Macquarie. The site is now marked by a stone cairn.

979:

The first structure built at Camden Park was a slab and bark hut, referred to as the "miserable hut" by Governor Macquarie. The site is now marked by a stone cairn.

2609:

Report on the archaeological investigation (season 3, 2010) of the site of the 'small miserable hut', near Belgenny Farm, Elizabeth Macarthur Avenue, Camden, NSW

1058:

Camden Park house is a two-storey Palladian structure with single-storey pavilions to either side. It is built of stuccoed sandstock brick, with window and door

1805:

apart from other places. The estate is a rare example of Australian participation in international horticultural and botanical exchange in the 19th century.

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The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.

1700:

integral part of the orchard complex which continued to function commercially until for 150 years and are important 19th century elements of the landscape.

1611:

An iconic colonial house with large gardens and intact interiors, Camden Park has appeared several times in film and advertising, including the following:

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after his wife Elizabeth's maiden name. With their forced return to England in 1822 these plans never came to fruition and it was not until the arrival of

382:

on 22 December 2006. Today, part of the original estate contains the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; having originally served as a commercial

1782:

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

660:(at Dalwood) in the Hunter Valley. It was not until the 1830s that William Macarthur sent 34,000 vines from Camden Park estate to the Barossa Valley in 1498:

credited with the work of the vineyard. On the south are vines grown in the traditional method of the early 1800s, and on the left vines on the modern

618:

In 1816, the Royal Society for the Arts in England had offered medals for wine from New South Wales. As early as that year, Blaxland (at Brush Farm in

2337: 1403:) is also located in this vicinity. The west expanse also contains two groups of dairy buildings and associated plantings located on two dairy farms. 656:. He commented on the generosity of Blaxland to share his knowledge and cuttings from his vineyard. Cuttings from Brush Farm provided early vines for 2311: 1728:

Park Estate was instrumental and influential in the development of this country's agricultural, pastoral, horticultural and viticultural industries.

839:

The gardens and landscape are a combination of the colonial picturesque – which in the Cowpastures area had a decidedly 'arcadian' quality – and the

1427:

of narrow leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra). Located here is also a cottage, one large olive tree (Olea europaea cv.) and remnant timber fencing.

1062:

and other detailing of locally cut stone, including Marulan mudstone. The roof is of slate, while the service wings had the first documented use of

66: 3008: 2577: 2699: 2676: 2581: 2561: 1809:

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

1773:

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

449:

in 1802. Travelling through Cowpastures with his party, Barrallier recorded in his journal that "he met and befriended the Gandangara people".

927: 879: 1791:

The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

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for sale from the Camden Nursery provide an idea as to the contents of colonial gardens. Many trees date from the 19th century, including a

878:

From the end of the 1840s, the sheep stud decreased in importance and grain crops emerged as a staple. Part of the sheep flock was sold to

402:(to the west) to sustain the colony. Early agricultural settlements were located on the rich alluvial soils of the Nepean, Hawkesbury and 2925:

Belgenny Farm – Conservation Management Plan – Supplementary Reports: Belgenny Buildings and Archaeological Sites – Inventory Sheets 2013

1486:

Along the southern boundary fence are remnants of an old mulberry (Morus alba) grove. William Macarthur planted the first mulberry trees

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fixed abode, and live upon what they can find for themselves". Within a few years of the Gandangara people formally welcoming Barallier,

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Camden Park. Each settler was provided with a two-bedroom cottage with a kitchen, small pantry, verandah and a quarter-acre block.

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achieved through Aboriginal burning off – and felt comfortable with a landscape that reminded them of an English gentleman's park.

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2005 a new Dairy complex is under construction over the Upper Navigation Creek Valley featuring the use of innovative technology.

968:

The first work carried out on the property was the conservation of Belgenny Cottage, which was completed during the early 1980s.

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people. The earliest recorded contact between Europeans and Aboriginal people in this area was described by the French explorer,

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Camden by naming the 1805 grant "Camden". From this time, John Macarthur resigned his commission as leader of the opposition to

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Howard Tanner and Associates; Knox & Tanner; Ashton, Paul; Thorp, Wendy; NSW Department of Planning; Byrne, Denis (1989).

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From 1809 to 1817, John Macarthur left Australia as a result of his pivotal involvement in the revolt that overthrew Governor

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In the northern portion of the Nepean Plain, Barragal Lagoon is overlooked from the north by a steep hill accommodating a

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region. It was the loss of these cattle that led to the discovery of this fertile landscape in 1795, when a party sent by

2618:

Belgenny Farm agricultural heritage project: final report on phase III work / Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute

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in water quality. The spread of weed species has resulted in a loss of the river's role as a visual site boundary and

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and associated plantings along Menangle Road. This architectural edge marries the zone visually to Menangle Village.

313:

is a heritage-listed large working historical farm located at Elizabeth Macarthur Avenue, in the outer south-western

434: 422:) was established about six months after the fleet landed. A settlement at the Hawkesbury was established in 1794. 49: 2864: 1755:

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

2562:

Clough, Professor Richard, in 'Australian Garden History' (journal), Vol. 3 No. 4, January/February 1992 (1992).

1515: 1324:(Casurarina glauca) along the creek. To the south, vegetation is diverse with Angophora hybrids and Pimelea spp. 569: 832:). Camden Park has always been associated with camellias, William having produced the first Australian camellia 398:

in 1788 they found the soil unsuitable for farming and soon looked towards the heavy clay and loam soils of the

2795:'Through English Eyes: extracts from the journal of John Gould Veitch during a trip to the Australian colonies' 1800:

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

1736:, particularly John and Elizabeth Macarthur, their sons James and William, and Mrs Elizabeth Macarthur-Onslow. 753:

in London, credited John Carne Bidwill with its creation, although Bidwill himself credited William Macarthur.

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and family members have recounted stories of Aboriginal corroborees near Camden Park in 1839, 1846 and 1850.

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bush survives at Camden Park house today, and is possibly the oldest surviving camellia plant in Australia.

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create a shaded theatrical contrast to the brightly lit western front of the house with its Tuscan portico.

1018:

family) in Sydney. Portraits of the principal family members hang in the house's dining and drawing rooms.

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area were the cattle that escaped from Sydney Cove in 1788 and found their way to the lush pastures of the

378:. The property is owned by Belgenny Farm Trust and Camden Park Preservation Committee. It was added to the 2307: 1645:) that proceeds down the house's main staircase, through the garden and along a long arbour known as the ' 2810: 2801: 1654: 1519: 965:

the land surrounding Camden Park House, which is still owned by members of the Macarthur-Stanham family.

473: 180:

Camden Park Estate and Belgenny Farm; Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI); Menangle Paddock

564:

John Macarthur, who had arrived in the colony of New South Wales in 1790 had quarrelled with successive

2096: 1733: 1063: 533: 2998: 2738: 1662:, were filmed at the house, notably in the library and along the entrance drive where tall hedges of 895: 537: 493: 411: 1462: 1387: 1240: 1189:

been lost. Without control, the river bank vegetation and visual qualities may be completely lost.

548:", leaving his wife Elizabeth to do most of the work in developing food production at Camden Park. 2954: 2128: 1787:

spiritual, aesthetic and educational values and associations which set it apart from other sites.

426: 767: 2709:

Assessment of Heritage Impact for the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute for Sydney Gas

1499: 1479: 997: 823: 529: 2950:

published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under

1351:), mugga ironbark (E.sideroxylon var. Rosea), forest red gum (E. tereticonis), Monterey pine ( 886:

Governor Macquarie drew up plans in 1820 for establishment of a town in the area, to be named

2893: 2865:

Philip Cox Richardson, Taylor and Partners; KPMG Peat Marwick Hungerfords Management (1989).

1414: 1261: 1255: 1234: 1023: 704: 619: 2124:

Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under

1680:

to serve this function until the 1950s). It is the oldest pastoral sheep stud in Australia.

1238:), and the swale with large specimens of rough barked apple (A subvelutina), and river oak ( 1347: 1292: 1219: 851: 8: 1632: 1535:. Where the vegetation cover remains intact, a discrete corridor atmosphere is provided. 1011: 783:

Wine label of James and William Macarthur — used for wine produced at Camden Park Estate.

731:

John Gould Veitch, esteemed English nurseryman described Camden Park on a visit in 1864:

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1817. A small stone monument marks the site not far from the present Belgenny Cottage.

1335: 573: 446: 2811:

Morris, C.; Britton, G.; NSW National Trust (for the Heritage Council of NSW) (2000).

2802:

Morris, C.; Britton, G.; NSW National Trust (for the Heritage Council of NSW) (2000).

761: 2786:"Hortus Camdenensis – An Illustrated Online Catalogue of Plants Cultivated at Camden" 2571: 1532: 1399: 1393: 1372: 1341: 1132: 859: 818: 809: 740: 708: 623: 607: 588: 584: 522: 1378: 1105: 930:

plaque honouring twelve agricultural pioneers includes Gregory Blaxland along with

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The estate and Macarthur family were instrumental (along with Brush Farm, Ryde via

626:

and of their plantings at Camden Park. But their first vintage was not until 1824.

430: 415: 399: 2831:

Conservation Management Plan for Macarthur Family Cemetery – Belgenny Farm, Camden

2487:

State Heritage Inventory Public Presentation report, modified Stuart Read, 09/2004

1649:

walk', finishing on a grassed section below the rear lawn known as 'Blarney Bank'.

1506: 939: 661: 322: 53: 2718:

East Leppington Rezoning Assessment – Heritage Management Strategy, draft report

1514:

occupancy in the new house, while their mother Elizabeth continued to reside at

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Macarthur Family Cemetery, Belgenny Farm – Conservation management Plan – draft

2125: 1659: 1627: 1620: 1015: 935: 657: 552: 481: 2627:

Journal of a Tour to the Cowpastures and Menangle, 6 November-18 December 1802

2992: 2654:

Belgenny Farm – Conservation Management Plan – Supplementary Reports – Part 2

2645:

Belgenny Farm – Conservation Management Plan – Supplementary Reports – Part 1

1353: 1311: 1305: 891: 599: 595: 545: 514: 457:

had settled down in the best part of their traditional lands to graze sheep.

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and Ralph Richardson, scenes from which were also filmed in the Camden area.

1457: 931: 653: 577: 498: 486: 2633: 2615: 2563: 1570: 1059: 840: 750: 641:

as a gift of the Macarthurs in 1816 predate the Camden Park olive trees.

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Transcribed from GREGORY'S 100 MILES AROUND SYDNEY, 26TH EDITION (1967).

2555:

Letter to the editor, Northern District Times re Brush Farm viticulture

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France, referred to Mr Blaxland's vineyard as being a showplace in the

466: 442: 419: 386:

and horticultural farm for the Macarthur family since the early 1800s.

333: 131: 1253:

the Estate. The dominant indigenous vegetation is rough barked apple (

485:

reported that Mrs King was the first "white lady" to have crossed the

2971: 1642: 1198: 1075: 2527: 898:

was completed, with a station opening at Campbelltown in 1858. When

30: 2938: 2858:

Camden Park Estate – New Power Lines – cultural heritage assessment

1663: 863: 833: 813: 805: 788: 772: 692: 2855: 2724: 2518: 1071: 1067: 2543: 2900:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 2882: 1646: 1616: 800:

landscaping, with exotic Chinese elms dominating the planting.

796:

buried here. The graveyard is an excellent example of colonial

314: 2907:

Report on excavations in and around the stables, Belgenny Farm

2876:

A Horticultural Flora of South East Australia, Vol.2 Chapter 1

2785: 2597: 583:

Amongst the first structures to be built at Camden Park was a

2916:

Report on Archaeological Programme Belgenny Farm, Camden Park

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on 22 December 2006 having satisfied the following criteria.

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In 1821 the Macarthurs built Belgenny Farm House, a timber '

479:

and Mrs King visited the Cowpastures for themselves and the

2813:

Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW

2804:

Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW

1397:), Mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon 'Rosea'), and silky oak ( 816:

in the country – the 'anemoniflora' or 'waratah' camellia (

1412:

vegetation aside from a few scattered rough barked apple (

1376:), grey gum (E. moluccanna) and open woodland of she oak ( 517:

and devoted himself to farming and commercial activities.

295:

Location of Camden Park Estate and Belgenny Farm in Sydney

2663:'The Heritage of Australian Wine Show', in Macarthur News 2415:

undated 'Belgenny Farm: historical walking tour brochure.

2727:

Landscape Report on Belgenny Farm and Camden Park Estate

1652:

Both exterior and interior scenes of Julia Leigh's film

1385:

Cameron's Dam with perimeter row planting of river oak (

501:, most of which is today part of the Camden Valley Way. 2686:

Frere's Vineyard – Vine Pedigree X, in "Macarthur News"

2546:

Belgenny Farm Conservation Management Plan: final draft

1747:

Camden Park Estate and Belgenny Farm was listed on the

972:

occupied and farmed by the Macarthur / Stanham family.

159:

Belgenny Farm Trust; Camden Park Preservation Committee

2588: 2867:

Study of future use options for Belgenny Farm, Camden

2838:

Musecape P/L (Chris and Margaret Betteridge) (2000).

2502:

Camden Significant Tree and Vegetated Landscape Study

1010:

Macarthur-Onslow was to inherit both Camden Park and

2967:

Guide to Camden including description of Camden Park

2706: 2715: 2634:Environmental Design Group, State Projects (1993). 2624: 2616:Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (1994). 2525: 2516: 2683: 2660: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2188: 2186: 2155: 2153: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 1606: 1391:), flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis), spotted gum ( 707:in 1831, the first being imported from England by 2756: 2607:Edward Higginbotham & Associates P/L (2011). 2469:Camden Park Estate, 1965, modified Read, S., 2004 2220: 2218: 2216: 1357:) and Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra 'Italica'). 325:, Australia. It was designed by Henry Kitchen in 2990: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2454: 2436: 2427: 2397: 2370: 2352: 2282: 2273: 2264: 1319:Zone 13 – Navigation Creek Valley 2442:Neil Mitchell, personal communication, 5/3/2013 2241: 2227: 2195: 2183: 2162: 2150: 2134: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2942:This Knowledge article contains material from 2367:personal communication with Colin Mills, 2001. 2213: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1418:) to the south and dam planting to the north. 949:In 1952 the Rotolactor was built at Menangle. 843:. Vistas from the house stretch out to nearby 791:were later destroyed during the international 613: 2873: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1303:years old, male and female maidenhair trees ( 2828: 2819: 2576:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2176: 2174: 1098: 664:, to begin the wine industry in that state. 2856:Navin Officer Heritage Consultants (2005). 2698:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2675:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2411: 2409: 2270:Australian Garden History, Vol 3 No 4. p10 1626:The 1979 adaptation of Australian novelist 1248:Zone 11 – Indigenous Reserve 528:Other early grants were in the Parishes of 18:Historic site in New South Wales, Australia 2840:Belgenny Farm Conservation Management Plan 2580:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2534: 1824: 1563: 1066:in the colony. The house has a colonnaded 441:This area was the traditional land of the 287: 29: 2544:Betteridge, Chris & Margaret (1996). 2385:personal communication with Lehany, 2001, 2171: 572:. Camden supported Macarthur and ordered 418:where the settlement of Rose Hill (later 2976:(2011) with trailers showing Camden Park 2883:Tanner Kibble Denton Architects (2014). 2406: 2297:personal communication with Mills, 2001. 2210:Australian Encyclopaedia Vol. 7, 6th ed. 2107:Department of Planning & Environment 1112:Zone 1 – Menangle Paddock 778: 760: 587:, referred to as the 'miserable hut' by 3009:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2948:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2898:'Sir William Macarthur 1800–1882' entry 2636:Camden Park Garden & Grounds Report 2598:Department of Planning, Sydney (1988). 2552: 2308:""The Blight" and the Camden Vineyards" 2180:Australian Encyclopaedia Vol.7, 6th ed. 2102:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1749:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1720:flood plain north-east of the mansion. 1422:Zone 17 – Quarry Paddock 1407:Zone 16 – Camden Paddock 1212:Zone 9 – Sawyers Paddock 756: 637:and the first olive trees presented to 380:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2991: 2846: 2792: 2765: 2725:Government Architect's Branch (1985). 2097:"Camden Park Estate and Belgenny Farm" 2095: 1597: 1440:Zone 19 – Belgenny Farm 1328:Zone 14 – Cummin's Flat 996:, and through that marriage their son 492:The track to the Cowpastures led from 2922: 2913: 2904: 2891: 2783: 2774: 2748:Howard Tanner and Associates (1989). 2652:Eric Martin & Associates (2014). 2643:Eric Martin & Associates (2014). 2478:Register of the National Estate, 1978 1365:Zone 15 – West Expanse 1227:Zone 10 – Hamlet Basin 1125:Zone 2 – Exposed Hills 2944:Camden Park Estate and Belgenny Farm 2894:"Macarthur, Sir William (1800–1882)" 2750:Camden Park Estate Conservation Plan 2741:Camden Park Estate Conservation Plan 1522:, in which she had a life interest. 1184:Zone 7 – Mining Lands 1175:Zone 6 – Nepean Plain 1091:at Camden, and the family cemetery. 24:Camden Park Estate and Belgenny Farm 2874:Roger Spencer; et al. (1995). 1674: 1641:, and her potential husband Harry ( 1619:' films (1956, 1958) which starred 1162:Zone 5 – East Slopes 1153:Zone 4 – Top Paddock 425:The first European settlers in the 13: 2885:Managing the Future of Camden Park 2334:"Camellia japonica 'Anemoniflora'" 1038: 1014:(the Onslows being related to the 700:Australian Dictionary of Biography 14: 3040: 2960: 2600:Belgenny Farm. Camden Park Estate 2537:Interpretive Plan (Belgenny Farm) 2340:from the original on 4 March 2016 1744:property of social significance. 1431:Zone 18 – Cemetery 1333:(Casuarina glauca), flooded gum ( 1265:), and ribbon gum (E.viminalis). 987:seat", he commissioned architect 170:New South Wales Heritage Register 3014:Camden Council (New South Wales) 3004:1806 establishments in Australia 2937: 2510:Australian Encyclopaedia, 6th ed 2376:Godden Mackay Logan, 2012, 22–23 2314:from the original on 6 July 2013 2119: 1269:Zone 12 – Orchard 1193:Zone 8 – Barragal 1140:Zone 3 – Ridgetop 551:Elizabeth left her residence at 394:When the first fleet arrived in 286: 279: 2589:Department of Planning (1988). 2494: 2445: 2418: 2388: 2379: 2361: 2326: 2300: 2291: 2255: 1607:Camden Park appearances in film 836:here, the 'Aspasia macarthur'. 350:and built from 1819 to 1840 by 2932: 2768:Belgenny Farm Condition Report 2734:'Camden Park, NSW' entry, 2006 2403:Pers. comm., S. Read, 6/6/2007 2204: 2147:Godden Mackay Logan, 2012, 20. 1526:Zone 20 – River 1106:Public Works Department of NSW 1033: 1004: 639:Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens 1: 2707:Geoffrey Britton P/L (2005). 2201:Godden Mackay Logan, 2012, 21 2192:Godden Mackay Logan, 2012, 20 1817: 1487: 1297: 1279: 668: 631: 372: 362: 355: 344: 337: 326: 254: 243: 234: 143: 134: 123: 3029:Macarthur family (Australia) 2957:, accessed on 2 June 2018. 2946:, entry number 01697 in the 2716:Godden Mackay Logan (2012). 2625:Ensign F Barrallier (1897). 2526:Attraction Homepage (2012). 2517:Attraction Homepage (2012). 1550: 361:, James English and Sons in 44:Elizabeth Macarthur Avenue, 7: 2684:Everett, David (2) (2004). 2661:Everett, David (1) (2004). 2564:"'Mr. Bidwill's Erythrina'" 1688:documented and researched. 614:Viticulture and agriculture 10: 3045: 2757:John Gould Veitch (1866). 2535:Betteridge, Chris (2001). 2394:2007, pers. comm., S. Read 1734:history of New South Wales 928:Royal Agricultural Society 826:and unusual jubaea palms ( 559: 389: 188:State heritage (landscape) 2777:Camden Historical Society 2224:Blaxcel, 14 October 2010. 2168:Barrallier, 1897, 749–825 1560:conservation techniques. 1477:multi-stemmed kurrajong ( 1309:) and several cork oaks ( 1099:Estate agricultural zones 775:developed at Camden Park. 274: 270: 266: 224: 216: 208: 200: 192: 184: 176: 167: 163: 155: 115: 105: 97: 60: 40: 28: 23: 3019:Farms in New South Wales 2793:Morris, Colleen (1994). 2460:Camden Park Estate, 1965 1388:Casuarina cunninghamiana 1241:Casuarina cunninghamiana 919:Camden Park Estate Ltd. 824:Queensland 'bottle tree' 2759:The Gardeners Chronicle 1564:Modifications and dates 667:The creamery was built 630:Parramatta, dates from 532:and in adjoining Evan, 414:and at the head of the 242:James English and Sons 2984:article on Camden Park 2847:Mylrea, Peter (2000). 2553:Blaxcel, Greg (2010). 1578:housing on the valley. 1480:Brachychiton populneum 1465:of an older building. 998:James Macarthur-Onslow 822:var. anemoniflora), a 784: 776: 746: 2982:Sydney Morning Herald 2923:Walsh, Brian (2013). 2914:Thorp, Wendy (1989). 2905:Thorp, Wendy (1987). 2829:Musecape P/L (2011). 2820:Musecape P/L (2011). 2784:Mills, Colin (1845). 2775:Mills, Colin (2001). 2766:Martin, Eric (2011). 1415:Angophora subvelutina 1262:Eucalyptus amplifolia 1256:Angophora subvelutina 1235:Eucalyptus amplifolia 782: 764: 733: 3024:John Verge buildings 2892:Teale, Ruth (1974). 1348:Eucalyptus moluccana 1293:Magnolia grandiflora 1220:Eucalyptus moluccana 768:Erythrina ×bidwillii 757:Gardens and vineyard 343:and A. J. Onslow in 82:34.1088°S 150.7190°E 2528:"Camden Park House" 2451:LEP/ Heritage Study 1633:My Brilliant Career 1598:Further information 1205:Eucalyptus bauerana 1012:Elizabeth Bay House 854:, as late as 1852. 713:Elizabeth Bay House 220:Farming and Grazing 78: / 2252:Everett, (2) 2004. 2238:Everett, (1) 2004. 2159:Garran, 1978, 530. 1336:Eucalyptus grandis 934:, John Macarthur, 785: 777: 589:Governor Macquarie 525:greatly resented. 523:Governor Macquarie 447:Francis Barrallier 406:areas, as well as 309:incorporating the 307:Camden Park Estate 201:Reference no. 87:-34.1088; 150.7190 2261:Spencer, 322–323, 1658:(2011), starring 1533:wildlife corridor 1400:Grevillea robusta 1394:Corymbia maculata 1373:Eucalyptus crebra 1342:Corymbia maculata 1169:Eucalyptus crebra 1147:Eucalyptus crebra 1133:Eucalyptus crebra 860:Western Australia 819:Camellia japonica 810:Ludwig Leichhardt 741:John Gould Veitch 709:Alexander Macleay 624:William Macarthur 585:slab and bark hut 472:In December 1803 303: 302: 35:Camden Park House 3036: 2999:Houses in Sydney 2941: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2697: 2689: 2680: 2674: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2575: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2505: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2416: 2413: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2239: 2236: 2225: 2222: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2181: 2178: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2148: 2145: 2132: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2093: 1675:Heritage listing 1492: 1489: 1379:Casuarina glauca 1339:), spotted gum ( 1302: 1299: 1284: 1281: 1259:), cabbage gum ( 932:Sir Joseph Banks 892:Governor Darling 880:William Campbell 829:Jubaea chilensis 765:Illustration of 744: 688:Gregory Blaxland 673: 670: 636: 633: 598:, the so-called 431:Wianamatta Shale 416:Parramatta River 400:Cumberland Plain 377: 374: 367: 364: 360: 357: 349: 346: 342: 339: 331: 328: 290: 289: 283: 259: 256: 248: 245: 239: 236: 196:22 December 2006 148: 145: 139: 136: 128: 125: 93: 92: 90: 89: 88: 83: 79: 76: 75: 74: 71: 33: 21: 20: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3033: 2989: 2988: 2974:Sleeping Beauty 2963: 2935: 2691: 2690: 2668: 2667: 2569: 2568: 2519:"Belgenny Farm" 2508: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2242: 2237: 2228: 2223: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2184: 2179: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2151: 2146: 2135: 2112: 2110: 2094: 1825: 1820: 1677: 1655:Sleeping Beauty 1609: 1600: 1566: 1553: 1490: 1300: 1282: 1101: 1064:corrugated iron 1041: 1039:Estate overview 1036: 1007: 940:Alexander Berry 938:, James Busby, 759: 745: 739: 671: 662:South Australia 634: 616: 562: 467:King George III 459:James Macarthur 435:Governor Hunter 392: 375: 365: 358: 347: 340: 329: 323:New South Wales 299: 298: 297: 296: 293: 292: 291: 262: 257: 246: 237: 172: 151: 146: 137: 126: 86: 84: 80: 77: 72: 69: 67: 65: 64: 54:New South Wales 36: 19: 12: 11: 5: 3042: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2987: 2986: 2978: 2969: 2962: 2961:External links 2959: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2920: 2911: 2902: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2815:. 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Government 936:Samuel Marsden 787:The extensive 771:'Camdeni' — a 758: 755: 737: 658:Wyndham Estate 615: 612: 561: 558: 553:Elizabeth Farm 515:Governor Bligh 482:Sydney Gazette 455:John Macarthur 391: 388: 352:John Macarthur 301: 300: 294: 285: 284: 278: 277: 276: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 261: 260: 249: 240: 232:John Macarthur 228: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 150: 149: 140: 129: 122:Henry Kitchen 119: 117: 113: 112: 110:John Macarthur 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 62: 58: 57: 50:Camden Council 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3041: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2849:Belgenny Farm 2845: 2841: 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1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024:Dairy Farmers 1019: 1017: 1013: 1002: 999: 995: 994:Arthur Onslow 990: 984: 980: 977: 973: 969: 966: 963: 958: 954: 950: 947: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 901: 897: 893: 889: 884: 881: 876: 872: 868: 865: 861: 855: 853: 848: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 830: 825: 821: 820: 815: 812:, the oldest 811: 807: 801: 799: 794: 790: 781: 774: 770: 769: 763: 754: 752: 742: 736: 732: 729: 725: 721: 718: 717:Brownlow Hill 714: 710: 706: 701: 696: 694: 689: 684: 680: 676: 665: 663: 659: 655: 649: 645: 642: 640: 627: 625: 621: 611: 609: 605: 601: 600:Rum Rebellion 597: 596:William Bligh 592: 590: 586: 581: 579: 575: 574:Governor King 571: 567: 557: 554: 549: 547: 546:Rum Rebellion 541: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 518: 516: 510: 506: 502: 500: 495: 490: 488: 484: 483: 478: 475: 470: 468: 462: 460: 456: 450: 448: 444: 439: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 404:Georges River 401: 397: 387: 385: 384:sheep station 381: 371: 353: 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J. Onslow 141: 133: 130: 121: 120: 118: 114: 111: 108: 104: 100: 96: 91: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 16: 2981: 2973: 2972:Website for 2936: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2897: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2839: 2830: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2794: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2749: 2740: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2685: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2554: 2545: 2536: 2509: 2501: 2495:Bibliography 2483: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2429: 2420: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2358:Spencer, 324 2354: 2342:. Retrieved 2328: 2316:. Retrieved 2302: 2293: 2288:Morris, 1994 2284: 2279:Spencer, 376 2275: 2266: 2257: 2206: 2197: 2164: 2111:. Retrieved 2100: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1653: 1631: 1610: 1601: 1592: 1574:established. 1558: 1554: 1545: 1542: 1529: 1504: 1496: 1485: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1458:raised floor 1454: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1434: 1425: 1413: 1410: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1384: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1359: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1322: 1310: 1304: 1291: 1278:was planted 1276: 1272: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1218: 1215: 1203: 1196: 1187: 1178: 1168: 1165: 1156: 1146: 1143: 1131: 1128: 1119: 1115: 1102: 1093: 1085: 1081: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1028: 1020: 1008: 985: 981: 978: 974: 970: 967: 960:In 1976 the 959: 955: 951: 948: 944: 942:and others. 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 888:Campbelltown 885: 877: 873: 869: 856: 849: 838: 827: 817: 802: 786: 766: 747: 734: 730: 726: 722: 697: 685: 681: 677: 666: 654:Sydney Basin 650: 646: 643: 628: 617: 593: 582: 578:Nepean River 563: 550: 542: 527: 519: 511: 507: 503: 499:Hume Highway 491: 487:Nepean River 480: 471: 463: 451: 440: 424: 393: 319:Camden South 310: 306: 304: 46:Camden South 15: 2933:Attribution 1589:lightning). 1491: 1817 1463:foundations 1283: 1837 1060:architraves 1034:Description 1005:Later years 845:Mount Annan 841:gardenesque 808:planted by 751:Kew Gardens 672: 1826 635: 1807 602:. His wife 570:Lord Camden 408:South Creek 396:Sydney Cove 376: 1895 370:John Sulman 366: 1888 359: 1800 348: 1888 341: 1835 330: 1800 258: 1895 252:John Sulman 247: 1888 238: 1800 147: 1888 138: 1835 127: 1800 85: / 73:150°43′08″E 61:Coordinates 56:, Australia 2993:Categories 1818:References 1639:Judy Davis 1539:Rotolactor 1520:Parramatta 1511:John Verge 1301: 160 989:John Verge 900:Leppington 793:phylloxera 443:Gandangara 420:Parramatta 334:John Verge 317:suburb of 193:Designated 132:John Verge 70:34°06′32″S 2952:CC-BY 4.0 2694:cite book 2671:cite book 2126:CC-BY 4.0 1643:Sam Neill 1551:Condition 1199:sandstone 1076:courtyard 789:vineyards 705:Sovereign 604:Elizabeth 566:Governors 534:Bringelly 116:Architect 106:Built for 101:1819–1840 2572:cite web 2344:12 April 2338:Archived 2318:12 April 2312:Archived 2109:. H01697 1664:plumbago 1502:system. 1068:verandah 896:Goulburn 864:Tasmania 852:Victoria 834:cultivar 814:camellia 806:bauhinia 798:arcadian 773:cultivar 738:— 693:Adelaide 538:Narellan 494:Prospect 474:Governor 412:St Marys 225:Builders 217:Category 41:Location 2955:licence 2504:. 1993. 2129:licence 1760:Wales. 1571:lattice 1500:trellis 1072:portico 1016:Macleay 926:A 1919 743:, 1864. 608:William 560:Origins 390:History 2113:2 June 1647:clivia 1617:Smiley 427:Camden 315:Sydney 1615:The ' 1288:sheds 1089:spire 530:Minto 410:near 156:Owner 98:Built 2700:link 2677:link 2582:link 2578:link 2346:2013 2320:2013 2115:2018 1666:and 715:and 698:The 620:Ryde 477:King 368:and 305:The 212:Farm 209:Type 204:1697 185:Type 1668:bay 1518:at 1382:). 1315:). 1244:). 1223:). 1171:). 1149:). 711:of 354:in 336:in 2995:: 2896:. 2696:}} 2692:{{ 2673:}} 2669:{{ 2574:}} 2570:{{ 2408:^ 2336:. 2310:. 2243:^ 2229:^ 2215:^ 2185:^ 2173:^ 2152:^ 2136:^ 2105:. 2099:. 1826:^ 1488:c. 1298:c. 1296:) 1280:c. 1108:. 862:, 669:c. 632:c. 536:, 469:. 373:c. 363:c. 356:c. 345:c. 338:c. 332:, 327:c. 321:, 255:c. 244:c. 235:c. 144:c. 135:c. 124:c. 52:, 48:, 2927:. 2918:. 2909:. 2887:. 2878:. 2869:. 2860:. 2851:. 2842:. 2833:. 2824:. 2806:. 2797:. 2788:. 2779:. 2770:. 2761:. 2752:. 2743:. 2729:. 2720:. 2711:. 2702:) 2688:. 2679:) 2665:. 2656:. 2647:. 2638:. 2629:. 2620:. 2611:. 2602:. 2593:. 2584:) 2566:. 2557:. 2548:. 2539:. 2530:. 2521:. 2512:. 2348:. 2322:. 2131:. 2117:. 1370:( 1217:( 1202:( 1167:( 1130:(

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