Camcorder - Knowledge

823: 788:, still photography, the ability to capture still photos while filming – usually at a higher resolution than the video, the ability to lock the OIS on far subjects while zoomed in (named "OIS Lock" by Panasonic), the ability to buffer footage before pressing the "record" button to avoid missing moments without having to be constantly recording (named "PRE-REC" by Panasonic), the ability to keep the lens cover open for few minutes into stand-by mode for rapid restarting, internal storage for recording when the inserted memory card's space is exhausted, autofocus able to track objects, and optional visual effects during video recording and playback. 221: 1178:

imager and optics while maintaining relatively noise-free video in daylight. Indoor or dim-light shooting is generally quiet, and in such conditions artificial lighting is recommended. Mechanical controls cannot shrink below a certain size, and manual camera operation has given way to camera-controlled automation for every shooting parameter (including focus, aperture, shutter speed and color balance). The few models with manual override are menu-driven. Outputs include USB 2.0, Composite and S-Video and IEEE 1394/FireWire (for MiniDV models).

546:. Panasonic released the HDC-SDT750. It is a 2D camcorder which can shoot in HD; 3D is achieved by a detachable conversion lens. Sony released a 3D camcorder, the HDR-TD10, with two lenses built in for 3D filming, and can optionally shoot 2D video. Panasonic has also released 2D camcorders with an optional 3D conversion lens. The HDC-SD90, HDC-SD900, HDC-TM900 and HDC-HS900 are sold as "3D-ready": 2D camcorders, with optional 3D capability at a later date. JVC also released a twin-lens camcorder in 2011, JVC Everio GS-TD1. 1364: 1356: 716:, converts light into an electrical signal. The camera lens projects an image onto the imager surface, exposing the photosensitive array to light. This light exposure is converted into an electrical charge. At the end of the timed exposure, the imager converts the accumulated charge into a continuous analog voltage at the imager's output terminals. After the conversion is complete, the photosites reset to start the exposure of the next video frame. In many cases the photosites (per 382: 122: 213: 1814: 25: 535: 1638: 1528: 1309:, the Flip Video was a basic camcorder with record, zoom, playback and browse buttons and a USB jack for uploading video. The original models recorded at a 640x480-pixel resolution; later models featured HD recording at 1280x720 pixels. The Mino was a smaller Flip Video, with the same features as the standard model. The Mino was the smallest of all camcorders, slightly wider than a 1186:(24fps, 25fps, 30fps) and higher-quality lenses than basic models. To maximize low-light capability, color reproduction and frame resolution, multi-CCD/CMOS camcorders mimic the 3-element imager design of professional equipment. Field tests have shown that most consumer camcorders (regardless of price) produce noisy video in low light. 748:

The image recorded need not be limited to what appeared in the viewfinder. For documenting events (as in law enforcement), the field of view overlays the time and date of the recording along the top and bottom of the image. The police car or constable badge number to which the recorder was given, the

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Digital Camera called the LUMIX GH5, capable of shooting 4K in 60p. This is the first time in decades that Panasonic and Sony have not announced new traditional camcorders at CES, and instead carried over 2016's models, such as Sony's FDR-AX53. This is due to there being far less demand in the market

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HD1 was the first such unit, combining the features of a 5.1 megapixel still camera with a 720p video recorder with improved handling and utility. Canon and Sony have introduced camcorders with still-photo performance approaching that of a digicam, and Panasonic has introduced a DSLR body with video

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This market has followed an evolutionary path driven by miniaturization and cost reduction enabled by progress in design and manufacture. Miniaturization reduces the imager's ability to gather light; designers have balanced improvements in sensor sensitivity with size reduction, shrinking the camera

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The consumer camcorder was generally still very expensive throughout the early to mid 1990s, but prices compared to the 1980s had halved for an entry-level model and fell even further at the turn of the millennium, placing them in easier reach of basic-income consumers with the addition of available

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Most camcorders use a single imaging sensor with integrated colour filters, per pixel, to enable red, green and blue to be sensed, each on their own set of pixels. The individual pixel filters present a significant manufacturing challenge. However some camcorders, even consumer grade devices such as

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Since 2006, nearly all camcorders sold are digital. Tape-based (MiniDV/HDV) camcorders are no longer popular, since tapeless models (with an SD card or internal SSD) cost almost the same but offer greater convenience; video captured on an SD card can be transferred to a computer faster than digital

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format; in standard HD the camcorder can also deliver 60fps. When using the traditional format AVCHD, the camcorder supports 5.1 surround sound from its built-in microphone, this is however not supported in the XAVC-S format. The camera also has a 3-step ND filter switch allowing greater control of

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lens that is able to operate silently with no throttled speed, whereas cameras with protracting zoom lenses commonly throttle operation speed during video recording to minimize acoustic disturbance. Additionally, dedicated units are able to operate solely on external power with no battery inserted.

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Camcorders are used by nearly all electronic media, from electronic-news organizations to current-affairs TV productions. In remote locations, camcorders are useful for initial video acquisition; the video is subsequently transmitted electronically to a studio or production center for broadcast.

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and fed to the imager's output. The main difference between the two devices is how the scanning is done. In the CCD the diodes are sampled simultaneously, and the scan passes the digitised data from one register to the next. In CMOS devices, the diodes are sampled directly by the scanning logic.

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The recorder writes the video signal onto a recording medium, such as magnetic videotape. Since the record function involves many signal-processing steps, some distortion and noise historically appeared on the stored video; playback of the stored signal did not have the exact characteristics and

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system, for professional use. A key component was a single camera-recorder unit, eliminating a cable between the camera and recorder and increasing the camera operator's freedom. The Betacam used the same cassette format (0.5 inches or 1.3 centimetres tape) as the Betamax, but with a different,

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In September 2014 Panasonic announced and claimed 4K Ultra HD Camcorder HC-X1000E as the first conventional camcorder design that can capture up to 60fps at 150 Mbit/s or alternatively standard HD recording at up to 200 Mbit/s in ALL-I mode with MP4, MOV and AVCHD formats all offered

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on the side of the unit. This feature allows a group of viewers to watch video without a television, a full-size projector or a computer. These camcorders were a huge success and Sony subsequently released further models in this range. Sony's 2014 line up comprises the HDR-PJ240, HDR-PJ330

1587:(1982): Originally designed for portable VCRs, this standard was later adapted for compact consumer camcorders; identical in quality to VHS; cassettes play in VHS VCRs with an adapter. Still available in the low-end consumer market. Relatively short running time compared to other formats. 801:

On digital camcorders, the video resolution, frame rate, and/or bit rate may be adjustable between higher quality but larger file sizes and lower quality but extended recording time on remaining storage. The image sensor may have a higher resolution than the recorded video, allowing for

574:, the camcorder has 20x optical zoom in a compact body with dual XLR audio inputs, Internal ND filters and separate control rings for focus, iris and zoom. In HD capture, the camcorder enables in-camera downscaling of the 4K image to HD to reduce noise inherent in the smaller sensor. 563:

how much light can enter the camera for maintaining a shallow depth of field or giving a softer appearance to motion. For one hour video shooting in 4K the camera needs about 32 GB to accommodate a data transfer rate of 50 Mbit/s. The camera's MSRP in the US is USD $ 2,000.

952:, losing large chunks of data. An analog recording may be "usable" after its storage media deteriorates severely, but slight media degradation in digital recordings may trigger an "all or nothing" failure; the digital recording will be unplayable without extensive restoration. 2318: 741:

detail as a live video feed. All camcorders have a recorder-controlling section, allowing the user to switch the recorder into playback mode for reviewing recorded footage, and an image-control section controlling exposure, focus and

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compression, frame-specific editing requires frame regeneration, additional processing and may lose picture information. Codecs storing each frame individually, easing frame-specific scene editing, are common in professional use.

1649:(1995): Initially developed by Sony, the DV standard became the most widespread standard-definition digital camcorder technology for the next decade. Users could connect their DV camcorders to their computers, using 4- or 6-pin 1490:

goes further, insisting that all students purchase their own camcorder (or similar) as a prerequisite to their MAT education programs (many of which are delivered online). These programs employ a modified version of

798:. The former allows measuring the exact and undistorted recording time of scenes even if intermittently paused, and the latter may encompass aperture, frames' exposure duration, exposure value, and photosensitivity. 1423:

film to digital video in the early 2010s, due to the reduced expense and ease of editing of digital media and the increasing scarcity of film stock and equipment. Some camcorder manufacturers cater to this market;

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Since the consumer market favors ease of use, portability and price, most consumer-grade camcorders emphasize handling and automation over audio and video performance. Most devices with camcorder capability are

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The high end of the consumer market emphasizes user control and advanced shooting modes. More-expensive consumer camcorders offer manual exposure control, HDMI output and external audio input, progressive-scan

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Camcorders often cover weddings, birthdays, graduations, children's growth and other personal events. The rise of the consumer camcorder during the mid- to late 1980s led to the creation of TV shows such as

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Scheduled events (such as press conferences), where a video infrastructure is readily available or can be deployed in advance, are still covered by studio-type video cameras "tethered" to production trucks.

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In consumer units these adjustments are often automatically controlled by the camcorder, but can be adjusted manually if desired. Professional-grade units offer user control of all major optical functions.

732:, usually CCD but could be CMOS. In this case the exact alignment of the three sensors so that the red, green and blue components of the video output are correctly aligned, is the manufacturing challenge. 940:; however, they are more prone to complete loss. Although digital information can theoretically be stored indefinitely without deterioration, some digital formats (like MiniDV) place tracks only about 10 720:) are actually reset globally by charging to a fixed voltage, and discharged towards zero individually proportionally to the accumulated light, because it is simpler to manufacture the sensor that way. 1237:

and personal media players offer video-capture capability, but most multipurpose devices offer less video-capture functionality than an equivalent camcorder. Most lack manual adjustments, audio input,

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Camcorders are used in the production of low-budget TV shows if the production crew lacks access to more expensive equipment. Movies have been shot entirely on consumer camcorder equipment, including

246:; a detachable recording unit could be carried to a shooting location. Although the camera itself was compact, the need for a separate recorder made on-location shooting a two-person job. Specialized 948:

and error-correction code on the tape compensates for most defects. On analog media, similar damage registers as "noise" in the video, leaving a deteriorated (but watchable) video. DVDs may develop

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tubes) converts incident light into an electrical signal. The recorder converts the electrical signal to video, encoding it in a storable form. The lens and imager comprise the "camera" section.

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Since most manufacturers focus their support on Windows and Mac users, users of other operating systems have difficulty finding support for their devices. However, open-source products such as

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Sony Betamovie BMC-110 (BMC-100P in PAL markets) is the first consumer camcorder. Released in 1983 for the Betamax format. It has no playback functionality and is only capable of recording.

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with these capabilities are more expensive than the most expensive video-capable DSLR. In video applications where the DSLR's operational deficiencies can be mitigated, DSLRs such as the

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Digital video storage retains higher-quality video than analog storage, especially on the prosumer and strictly consumer levels. MiniDV storage allows full-resolution video (720x576 for

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as an inexpensive, tapeless, high-definition video format. AVCHD camcorders are produced by Sony, Panasonic, Canon, JVC and Hitachi. About this time, some consumer grade camcorders with

393:; however, DVD capability, due to the limitations of the format, is largely limited to consumer-level equipment targeted at people who are not likely to spend any great amount of effort 826:

This older RCA camcorder records on standard analog VHS media. Its bulk- partly due to the use of full-size VHS cassettes- makes it more suited to shoulder-mounted use, as seen here.

270:) releasing a model for mobile work. Portable recorders meant that recorded video footage could be aired on the early-evening news, since it was no longer necessary to develop film. 2443: 1241:

and zoom. Few capture in standard TV-video formats (480p60, 720p60, 1080i30), recording in either non-TV resolutions (320x240, 640x480) or slower frame rates (15 or 30 fps).

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A multipurpose device used as a camcorder offers inferior handling, audio and video performance, which limits its utility for extended or adverse shooting situations. The

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projects across subject boundaries. Teacher evaluation involves a teacher's classroom lessons being recorded for review by officials, especially for questions of teacher

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to support high definition (HD). The format was intended for professional camcorders, and used full-size DVCPRO cassettes. In 2003 Sony, JVC, Canon and Sharp introduced

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codec-based format: Records MPEG-2 program stream or MPEG-2 transport stream to various kinds of tapeless standard and HD media (hard disks, solid-state memory, etc.).

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BMC-100P. It used a Betamax cassette and rested on the operator's shoulder, due to a design not permitting a single-handed grip. That year, JVC released the first

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can hold several hours of standard-definition video, and is fast enough to edit footage without additional upgrades. Most consumer camcorders are sold with basic

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In 2015, consumer UHD (3840x2160) camcorders below USD $ 1000 became available. Sony released the FDRAX33, and Panasonic released the HC-WX970K and the HC-VX870.

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and recording format has declined; video can be recorded onto different media. With tapeless formats, recording media are storage for digital files.

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and college TV studios. Full-size Super-VHS (S-VHS) camcorders were released in 1987, providing an inexpensive way to collect news segments or other

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were also introduced early in the 21st century. Although they still have the handling and usability deficiencies of other multipurpose devices,

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apart (compared with 19–58 μm for VHS). A digital recording is more vulnerable to wrinkles or stretches in the tape which could erase data, but

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Camcorders have three major components: lens, imager and recorder. The lens gathers light, focusing it on the imager. The imager (usually a

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Camcorders using DVD media were popular at the turn of the 21st century due to the convenience of being able to drop a disc into the family

2049: 1036:, so the transfer of a 60-minute tape requires one hour to transfer and about 13 GB of disk space for the raw footage (plus space for 2045:

The Digital Consumer Technology Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Devices, Standards, Future Directions, and Programmable Logic Solutions

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The video player may allow for navigation between individual frames and extraction of still frames from footage to standalone pictures.

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algorithm present in most commercial digital video formats. In 1995 Sony, JVC, Panasonic and other video-camera manufacturers launched

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operating system) allow editing of most popular digital formats on alternative operating systems and can be used in conjunction with

2160: 1675:(1996): A variety of recordable optical disc standards were released by multiple manufacturers during the 1990s and 2000s, of which 1317:

cassette. Later HD models featured larger screens. In 2011, the Flip Video (more recently manufactured by Cisco) was discontinued.

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began producing camcorders using a full-size VHS cassette with a three-hour capacity. These shoulder-mount camcorders were used by

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Prior to the camcorder, a portable recorder and camera would be required. This is a Sony SL-F1 Betamax recorder and video camera.

1170:, in which video is a secondary capability. Some pocket cameras, mobile phones and camcorders are shock-, dust- and waterproof. 2124: 2284: 897:

technology, in which the charge of a light-sensitive target was directly proportional to the amount of light striking it; the

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were large and heavy, mounted on special pedestals and wired to remote recorders in separate rooms. As technology improved,

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The Flip Video was a series of tapeless camcorders introduced by Pure Digital Technologies in 2006. Slightly larger than a

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The lens is the first component of the light path. Camcorder optics generally have one or more of the following controls:

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cassette and smaller than most smartphones on the market. In fact the Mino was small enough to fit inside the shell of a

2466: 89: 926: 1436:(24 fps, progressive scan—the same frame rate as cinema film) video in some high-end models for easy film conversion. 1342:(entry-level models), HDR-PJ530 (mid-range model) and the HDR-PJ810 (top of the range). Specifications vary by model. 61: 2399: 1415: 1383: 1226: 890:

form, Digital8, MiniDV, DVD and hard-disk drives have no longer been manufactured in consumer camcorders since 2006.

558:") camcorder Sony FDR-AX100 with a 1" 20.9MP sensor able to shoot 4K video in 3840x2160 pixels 30fps or 24fps in the 108: 1542:

BCE Color (1955): First color tape storage for video, manufactured by Bing Crosby Entertainment from Ampex equipment

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The issue of digital-camcorder forensics to recover data (e.g. video files with timestamps) has been addressed.

1557:(Vera) (1955): An experimental recording standard developed by the BBC, it was never used or sold commercially. 195:

primarily intended for still pictures, whereas dedicated camcorders are often equipped with more functions and

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as if they were present in class. Camcorders have allowed USC to decentralize its teacher preparation from

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Sony Handycam DCR-IP7BT MICROMV camcorder and Sony MICROMV tape (top), compared with MiniDV and Hi8 tapes

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BCE (1954): First tape storage for video, manufactured by Bing Crosby Entertainment from Ampex equipment

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car's speed at the time of recording, compass direction and geographical coordinates may also be seen.

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Camcorders using standard DVD media like this (or more commonly MiniDVD) were marketed in the 2000s.

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for traditional camcorders as more and more consumers prefer to record video with their 4K-capable

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Hi-Band: Approximately 5 MHz bandwidth (420 lines EIA resolution, or ~ 550x480 edge-to-edge)

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battery facing towards the user, hot-swappable recording media, and an internally contained quiet

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Lo-Band: Approximately 3 MHz bandwidth (250 lines EIA resolution, or ~333x480 edge-to-edge)

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developed video capability during the early 21st century, reducing sales of low-end camcorders.

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depending on the resolution and frame rate. With use 1/2.3" small sensor as commonly is used by

2193: 1881: 1762: 1759:: Puts H.264 video into a transport-stream file format; compressed in H.264 format (not MPEG-4) 1202: 1167: 937: 692: 654: 247: 243: 220: 2043: 901:

is an example of such an imaging tube. Newer analog, and digital camcorders use a solid-state

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for online broadcast solutions; software to edit DV streams is available on most platforms.

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to most American states and abroad; this has increased the number of teachers it can train.

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In 2011, Sony launched its HDR-PJ range of HD camcorders: the HDR-PJ10, 30 and 50. Known as

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Combo-cameras combine full-feature still cameras and camcorders in a single unit. The Sanyo

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As of January 2017, the only major manufacturer to announce new consumer camcorders at CES (

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recording became the norm, and additionally tape was replaced by storage media such as mini-

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In 2011 Panasonic, Sony, and JVC released consumer-grade camcorders capable of filming in

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Simplex (1955): Developed commercially by RCA and used to record live broadcasts by NBC

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port to transfer video onto a computer. Professional models include other options like

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Interchangeable-lens camcorders can capture HD video with DSLR lenses and an adapter.

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for this format, and editing software was proprietary to Sony and only available on

279: 2180: 1057: 729: 349: 239: 1551:(1955): Developed formally by Ampex, this was the recording standard for 20 years. 776:(usually digital), a pressure-sensitive knob for zooming at a controllable speed, 2053: 2027: 1783: 1425: 1338: 1300: 1073: 933: 875: 474:

as a recording medium for DVCPRO-HD video. In 2006 Panasonic and Sony introduced

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tape. None of the consumer-class camcorders announced at the 2006 International

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for illuminating in darkness – possibly with an option to adjust automatically,

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In CES (January) 2014, Sony announced the first consumer/low-end professional ("

2194:"Sony Digital Video Recorder Handycam Operating Guide – DCR-HC52/HC54 (MiniDV)" 1672: 1260: 1230: 945: 658: 192: 181: 2474: 2562: 2553: 1892: 1492: 1445: 1409: 1194: 1190: 1142: 1061: 925:), unlike analog consumer-video standards. Digital video does not experience 910: 859: 785: 742: 676: 671: 603: 571: 524: 507: 445: 394: 165: 157: 1355: 1728: 1714: 1693:(1998): JVC's VHS tape supporting 720p/1080i HD; many units also supported 1610:

BVU-SP (1985): Largely used in high-end consumer and professional equipment

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to deliver the courses. Recordings of MAT student work are posted on USC's

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has introduced the DZHV 584E/EW, with 1080p resolution and a touch screen.

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to a computer where large files (for DV, 1 GB for 4 to 4.6 minutes in

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The following list covers consumer equipment only (for other formats, see

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mounted on the left side, a belt to facilitate holding on the right side,

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BVU (1982): Largely used in high-end consumer and professional equipment

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such as date/time and technical parameters may be stored in a separate

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as the first affordable HD video format, due to its use of inexpensive

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as 20th century ones did. Tapeless camcorders record video as digital

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Panasonic HC-V500/V500M Full HD camcorder – B&H Photo & Video

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JVC Everio GS-TD1 Review – TrustedReviews – June 1, 2011 7:15 am BST

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video recording was possible with compact video cameras and portable

161: 212: 24: 2106:"Sony FDR-AX100 review - Hands on with first consumer 4K camcorder" 2057: 1877: 1852: 1813: 1775: 1700: 1666: 1650: 1569:

S (1974): A smaller version of U-matic, used for portable recorders

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or SSD; similar flash technology is used on semi-pro and high-end

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recording in the early 1990s. Sony later released a HD version of

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incompatible recording format. It became standard equipment for

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standard for home video production, independent filmmaking and

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camcorder. Kodak announced a new camcorder format in 1984, the

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Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology

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formats. They are normally capable of still-image capture to

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programmers did manage to create capture software for Linux.

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Older digital camcorders record video onto tape digitally,

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A Canon VIXIA HF10 camcorder; this is one of Canon's first

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as its primary function. It is typically equipped with an

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Unlike analog formats, digital formats do not experience

918: 871: 835: 679:: Regulates exposure to maintain desired motion portrayal 491: 441: 306: 255: 251: 2125:"B+H give first look at Panasonic HC-X1000 4K Camcorder" 1581:(1976): Compatible with VHS VCRs; no longer manufactured 1367:

Operating a Panasonic VDRM70 DVD camcorder with one hand

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provide depth-of-field and optical-perspective control.

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Video-capture capability is not confined to camcorders.

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In the earliest analog camcorders the imaging device is

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Sony released the first consumer camcorder in 1983, the

2285:"Sony Launches Six New Entry-Level Camcorders for 2013" 1707:

tapes; most can read older Video8 and Hi8 analog tapes.

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Panasonic launched DVCPRO HD in 2000, expanding the DV

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David Buckingham, Rebekah Willett, Maria Pini (2011),

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A tapeless camcorder is a camcorder that does not use

2400:"Handycam HD camcorder with built in projector: Sony" 1988:"Separate camera and recorder; First VHS-C camcorder" 806:

by cropping the area read out from the image sensor.

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camcorder in 2000, using the more compact 8 cm

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is a self-contained portable electronic device with

1174:and more easy to obtain credit to spread payments. 187:More recent devices capable of recording video are 156:The earliest camcorders were tape-based, recording 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1467:are used in new-teacher preparation courses. The 589:only announced details regarding their Mirrorless 2382:"Sony NEX-VG10: An HD Camcorder With DSLR Brains" 2172: 2170: 1982: 1980: 1679:was the first. The most common in camcorders was 527:-based digital formats, the relationship between 2560: 2268:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2250:. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013 1929: 1927: 1444:Schools in the developed world increasingly use 273:In 1983, Sony released the first camcorder, the 2440:"Transfer Video from your Camcorder to Your PC" 2019:Home Truths? Video Production and Domestic Life 1137:. Some tapeless camcorders are equipped with a 757:Dedicated camcorders are usually equipped with 460:tapeless video format in 2003, introducing the 2167: 1977: 1960:"Britannica online encyclopedia: camcamcorder" 1141:(IEEE-1394) port to ensure compatibility with 972:. Newer machines since 2006 record video onto 523:entered the market. With the proliferation of 328:Digital technology emerged with the 1986 Sony 199:than more common cameras, such as an internal 1924: 1463:Student camcorder-created material and other 1419:. Academic filmmaking programs switched from 1125:Consumer-grade tapeless camcorders include a 378:(the first tapeless video recording system). 1197:workstation to control them. A typical home 1106:Most consumer-level tapeless camcorders use 1004:Other digital consumer camcorders record in 2495: 2103: 1091:, while some more expensive camcorders use 2496:Ariffin, Aswami; Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond; 2352:"Why Cisco killed the Flip mini camcorder" 2177:Panasonic HC-V500 and HC-V500M user manual 2154: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1622:(1987): Limited to low-end consumer market 1387:, which showcases homemade video footage. 1283:features approaching that of a camcorder. 1012:format on tape, transferring content over 886:. While all these formats record video in 2500:. Thomborson, C.; Parampalli, U. (eds.). 2122: 1320: 830:Camcorders are often classified by their 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 16:Video camera with built-in video recorder 1636: 1526: 1362: 1354: 821: 712:, or a photodiode array which may be an 533: 380: 297:. Sony introduced its compact 8 mm 219: 211: 120: 2464: 2388:from the original on September 8, 2012. 2349: 2321:from the original on November 29, 2016. 2143: 2005: 772:Additional possible features include a 689:signal strength in low-light conditions 412: 2561: 2350:Reardon, Marguerite (April 13, 2011). 2339:from the original on January 17, 2012. 2282: 2131:from the original on December 27, 2014 2112:from the original on January 13, 2014. 464:. Panasonic followed in 2004 with its 348:, the first digital video format with 129:format Flash Memory Full HD camcorders 2522:from the original on October 23, 2013 2418:"Consumer Electronics | Sony UK" 2362:from the original on October 25, 2013 2308: 2217:Snow, Christopher (January 9, 2012). 1555:Vision electronic recording apparatus 1359:Professional TV camcorder (1990s-era) 1328: 817: 2216: 2070:"Hitachi DZ-MV100 DVD-RAM camcorder" 1797: 1769: 538:Professional-grade digital camcorder 336:data and required a large amount of 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 2309:Pogue, David (September 20, 2007). 2283:McCabe, Liam F. (January 7, 2013). 1669:(1996): Sony's answer to the DVCPRO 13: 2402:. November 1, 2011. Archived from 1741:MPEG-2 signal on a MiniDV cassette 1156: 955: 850:are examples of late 20th century 421:system, launched in 1984, allowed 14: 2595: 2574:Audiovisual introductions in 1983 2537: 1737:(2004): Records up to an hour of 1653:sockets then common on computers. 2446:from the original on 23 May 2011 1812: 1390: 1267:lacking in consumer camcorders. 1216: 752: 585:with its entry-level HD models. 23: 2489: 2465:Dennedy, Dan (August 2, 2003). 2458: 2432: 2410: 2392: 2374: 2343: 2325: 2311:"Beware the tapeless camcorder" 2302: 2276: 2236: 2210: 2186: 2104:Seth Barton (January 9, 2014). 1994:from the original on 2008-10-16 1966:from the original on 2009-12-10 1731:(2003): Manufactured by Hitachi 1488:USC Rossier School of Education 882:and solid-state, semiconductor 854:-based camcorders which record 34:needs additional citations for 2123:Dan Chung (3 September 2014). 2116: 2097: 2086: 2062: 2036: 1952: 1384:America's Funniest Home Videos 1375: 769:microphone, and touch screen. 728:, introduced around 2007, are 695:: Regulates exposure intensity 549: 506:In 2010, after the success of 1: 2502:"Digital Camcorder Forensics" 1918: 1290: 1193:required two recorders and a 1043: 621: 2333:"Kodak PlaySport Zx5 Review" 2032:University of Michigan Press 1913:List of Panasonic camcorders 1439: 784:which may be assisted by an 490:file formats, accessible by 7: 2244:"Videotape Life Expectancy" 1880:—A toy camcorder that used 1805: 759:optical image stabilization 735: 451: 401:released the world's first 301:format in 1985. That year, 10: 2600: 1632: 1510: 1394: 1294: 1269:Professional video cameras 1227:digital single-lens reflex 1101:high-definition television 1099:for ultrafast transfer of 1097:professional video cameras 905:imaging device (CCD) or a 862:camcorder formats include 332:, a device which recorded 207: 1873:Professional video camera 1522: 1259:video offers the shallow 1211:Consumer Electronics Show 1189:Before the 21st century, 964:, hard drives, and small 703: 354:discrete cosine transform 164:cassettes. In the 2000s, 2199:. Sony. 2008. p. 34 2150:Sony DCR-PC3 user manual 1471:Department of Education 1350: 1131:Serial digital interface 1040:files and other media). 880:direct to disk recording 812: 579:Consumer Electronic Show 231:originally designed for 2289:Reviewed.com Camcorders 2223:Reviewed.com Camcorders 1908:List of Sony camcorders 1404:The Blair Witch Project 1345: 1168:compact digital cameras 641: 462:Professional Disc (PFD) 248:videocassette recorders 1882:compact audio cassette 1763:Multiview Video Coding 1642: 1532: 1368: 1360: 1321:Interchangeable lenses 1265:interchangeable lenses 1203:video editing software 1114:or its derivatives as 992:format. Because these 827: 693:Neutral density filter 634:; earlier models used 539: 386: 340:for its time. In 1992 225: 217: 130: 2544:History of Camcorders 2248:Video Tape Discussion 1838:Charge-coupled device 1640: 1530: 1366: 1358: 1253:high-definition video 1122:format additionally. 976:devices and internal 825: 804:lossless digital zoom 730:triple sensor cameras 653:(or iris): Regulates 537: 501: 397:their video footage. 384: 223: 215: 124: 2579:Consumer electronics 2477:on February 22, 2012 2428:on January 17, 2013. 1549:Quadruplex videotape 1469:University of Oxford 1085:pocket video cameras 1066:data storage devices 1028:resolutions) can be 856:video in analog form 708:The imager, often a 456:Sony introduced the 413:High definition (HD) 43:improve this article 2584:Japanese inventions 2550:How Camcorders Work 2384:. August 13, 2011. 1868:Pocket video camera 1505:Southern California 1416:Paranormal Activity 929:, jitter, or fade. 714:Active Pixel Sensor 618:, and many others. 581:) in Las Vegas was 250:were introduced by 143:articulating screen 139:video and recording 2315:The New York Times 2052:2018-04-07 at the 2042:Amit Dhir (2004), 2026:2018-05-10 at the 1935:"Welcome to nginx" 1820:Electronics portal 1643: 1533: 1499:for evaluation by 1465:digital technology 1397:Shot-on-video film 1369: 1361: 1329:Built-in projector 1251:DSLR cameras with 1213:recorded on tape. 1093:solid-state drives 978:solid-state drives 828: 818:Analog and digital 540: 387: 368:citizen journalism 226: 218: 131: 2471:Kino Video Editor 2406:on April 5, 2012. 2335:. July 19, 2006. 1798:Digital forensics 1786:(written for the 1770:Operating systems 1719:Microsoft Windows 1481:Steinhardt School 1450:digital education 1199:personal computer 1058:video productions 1054:digital recording 591:Micro Four Thirds 360:, which became a 295:8 mm video format 119: 118: 111: 93: 2591: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2521: 2506: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2473:. Archived from 2467:"MicrMV capture" 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2424:. Archived from 2414: 2408: 2407: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2267: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2190: 2184: 2174: 2165: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2101: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2066: 2060: 2040: 2034: 2014: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1984: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1971: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1937:. Archived from 1931: 1822: 1817: 1816: 1531:Video8 Camcorder 1273:Canon 5D Mark II 1103:(HDTV) content. 1076:and solid-state 1074:hard disk drives 519:, full 1080p HD 446:MiniDV cassettes 350:data compression 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2559: 2558: 2546:by Mark Shapiro 2540: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2504: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2442:. New Wave TV. 2438: 2437: 2433: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2348: 2344: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2281: 2277: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2215: 2211: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2175: 2168: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2121: 2117: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2087: 2078: 2076: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2054:Wayback Machine 2041: 2037: 2028:Wayback Machine 2015: 2006: 1997: 1995: 1986: 1985: 1978: 1969: 1967: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1944: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1921: 1818: 1811: 1808: 1800: 1772: 1635: 1525: 1513: 1442: 1399: 1393: 1378: 1353: 1348: 1339:image projector 1331: 1323: 1303: 1301:Flip Video Mino 1295:Main articles: 1293: 1219: 1159: 1157:Consumer market 1046: 958: 956:Recording media 934:generation loss 927:colour bleeding 876:hard disk drive 820: 815: 755: 738: 706: 644: 624: 552: 529:recording media 504: 486:recording used 454: 415: 244:video recorders 210: 193:digital cameras 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2597: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2557: 2556: 2547: 2539: 2538:External links 2536: 2534: 2533: 2488: 2457: 2431: 2422:www.sony.co.uk 2409: 2391: 2373: 2342: 2324: 2301: 2275: 2235: 2209: 2185: 2166: 2153: 2142: 2115: 2096: 2085: 2061: 2035: 2004: 1990:. 2007-09-14. 1976: 1951: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1890: 1885: 1884:to store video 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1796: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1732: 1726: 1708: 1698: 1688: 1673:DVD recordable 1670: 1664: 1661:news-gathering 1654: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1595: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1524: 1521: 1512: 1509: 1475:programme and 1441: 1438: 1395:Main article: 1392: 1389: 1377: 1374: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1330: 1327: 1322: 1319: 1292: 1289: 1261:depth-of-field 1218: 1215: 1158: 1155: 1062:computer files 1045: 1042: 957: 954: 921:, 720x480 for 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764: 760: 753:Functionality 750: 746: 744: 743:color balance 733: 731: 727: 721: 719: 715: 711: 701: 694: 691: 688: 684: 681: 678: 677:Shutter speed 675: 673: 672:angle of view 669: 665: 662: 660: 657:and controls 656: 652: 649: 648: 647: 639: 637: 633: 629: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 588: 584: 580: 575: 573: 567: 564: 561: 557: 547: 545: 536: 532: 530: 526: 522: 521:3D camcorders 518: 517: 513: 509: 508:James Cameron 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 470: 467: 463: 459: 449: 447: 443: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 395:video editing 392: 383: 379: 377: 373: 370:. 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