304:
1133:
281:
203:
178:
310:
209:
1124:
types can be classified as a) cells that are physiologically under high mechanical tension (e.g., smooth muscle in the wall of hollow organs, epithelial and endothelial cells), b) cells that have high rates of proliferation (e.g., myoblasts), and c) cells that are actively migrating (e.g., fibroblasts and macrophages). Therefore, the tissue distributions of calponin 2 imply its potential role in regulating cytoskeleton functions and cell motility.
1321:
1093:
1305:
mouse lung simply by air inflation to maintain tension applied to the alveolae. The cytoskeleton tension-dependent stability of calponin 2 was further confirmed in monolayer cells cultured on expanded elastic membrane by its rapid degradation after a reduction of the dimension of the cultural substrate to acutely reduce cytoskeleton tension.
1123:
is expressed in a broader range of tissue and cell types, including developing and remodeling smooth muscle as well as adult mature smooth muscle, epidermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, lung alveolar cells, endothelial cells, myeloid white blood cells, platelet, B lymphocyte, and myoblasts. These cell
1304:
Calponin 2 is also regulated by mechanical tension at the protein level. A rapid and selective degradation of calponin 2 occurs in lung tissues after a short period of deflation. This low cytoskeleton tension-induced degradation of calponin 2 in collapsed lung was completely prevented in post mortem
1209:
Significant amounts of calponin 2 are found in growing smooth muscle tissues such as embryonic stomach and urinary bladder as well as the uterus during early pregnancy. The expression of calponin 2 decreases to lower levels in quiescent adult smooth muscle cells while the expression of calponin 1 is
1240:
A significant level of calponin 2 is found in human and mouse platelets. Platelet adhesion is a critical step in blood coagulation and thrombosis. In a microfluidic flow-based thrombosis assay, the time to initiation of rapid platelet/thrombus accumulation was significantly longer in blood samples
1227:
and anti-sense calponin 2 RNA reduced chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. A hypothesis is that a proper level of calponin 2 may be required to maintain the physiological motility of different cell types in different biological processes. Calponin 2’s regulation of cell
1139:
Calponin binds actin filaments through two actin-binding sites (ABS1 and ABS2), tropomyosin via the N-terminal CH domain, and gelsolin via the region of actin-binding sites. Calponin interacts with microtubules through the region including the actin-binding sites and the repeating motifs and with
1083:
gene is located at 19p13.3 in the human chromosomal genome, encoding the protein calponin 2. Calponin 2 is one of the three isoforms of calponin and an actin filament-associated regulatory protein with wide tissue distributions. Human calponin 2 is a 33.7-kDa protein consisting of 309 amino acids
1291:
promoter, responsible for the mechanical regulation. HES-1 is known to function downstream of the Notch-RBP J signaling pathway, which has been suggested to mediate cellular mechanoregulation. Deletion or mutation of the HES-1 site abolished the mechanical regulation and resulted in a substrate
1261:
knockout mice, the development of inflammatory arthritis induced by anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase serum was significantly attenuated as compared with that in wild type mice . Deletion of calponin 2 in macrophages also significantly attenuated the development of atherosclerosis lesions in
1279:
The expression of calponin 2 is significantly increased in cells cultured on hard versus soft gel substrates that produce high or low traction force and cytoskeleton tension. The expression of calponin 2 in NIH/3T3 cells was decreased when cytoskeleton tension was reduced after blebbistatin
1222:
knockout mice migrate faster than that of wild type control cells. Calponin 2 may affect cell migration differently in different cell types and in different biological processes. A study showed that forced expression of calponin 2 in endothelial cells enhanced angiogenic cell migration
57:
1148:
bind calponin at the region of actin-binding sites and reverse calponin’s inhibition of myosin MgATPase. An N-terminal 22-kDa fragment of calponin interacts with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol. *The interaction between calponin and
1210:
up-regulated. Transfective over-expression of calponin 2 inhibited cell proliferation. A hypothesis is that higher level of calponin 2 is required in fast proliferating cells to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of the actin cytoskeleton.
1196:, which however may only reflect their co-localization on actin filaments. The variable C-terminal segment regulates actin-binding affinity, and calponin 2 is shown to have the lowest affinity for F-actin among the three isoforms.
2713:
Morrow D, Sweeney C, Birney YA, Guha S, Collins N, Cummins PM, Murphy R, Walls D, Redmond EM, Cahill PA (2007). "Biomechanical regulation of hedgehog signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo".
317:
216:
2759:
1111:
mainly in the C-terminal variable region. Phylogenetic lineage of calponin 2 showed that calponin 2 is conserved among mammalian species but more diverged among amphibian, reptile and fish species (Fig 1).
2764:
1257:
gene knockout mice proliferated faster than wild type control cells. Calponin 2-null macrophages migrated faster and exhibit enhanced phagocytosis. In global as well as myeloid cell-specific
1245:
knockout versus wild type mice. The effect of calponin 2 on facilitating the velocity of cell adhesion was also shown with prostate cancer cells expression high or low levels of calponin 2.
1140:
desmin through the region from N-terminal domain to the end of actin-binding sites. The segment of amino acids 144-182 in calponin interacts with myosin. In the presence of Ca,
1522:
Hossain MM, Hwang DY, Huang QQ, Sasaki Y, Jin JP (2003). "Developmentally regulated expression of calponin isoforms and the effect of h2-calponin on cell proliferation".
2062:
Takahashi K, Hiwada K, Kokubu T (1986). "Isolation and characterization of a 34,000-dalton calmodulin- and F-actin-binding protein from chicken gizzard smooth muscle".
1292:
stiffness independent high level of transcription. Therefore, the regulatory mechanism is a low tension-induced repression. Corresponding to the down-regulation of
2157:
Takahashi K, Abe M, Hiwada K, Kokubu T (1988). "A novel troponin T-like protein (calponin) in vascular smooth muscle: interaction with tropomyosin paracrystals".
1934:"Diminished expression of h2-calponin in prostate cancer cells promotes cell proliferation, migration and the dependence of cell adhesion on substrate stiffness"
1480:
Masuda H, Tanaka K, Takagi M, Ohgami K, Sakamaki T, Shibata N, Takahashi K (1996). "Molecular cloning and characterization of human non-smooth muscle calponin".
1284:
promoter-specific regulation, transfective expression of calponin 2 using a cytomegalovirus promoter was independent of the stiffness of culture substrate.
2602:
Burgstaller G, Kranewitter WJ, Gimona M (2002). "The molecular basis for the autoregulation of calponin by isoform-specific C-terminal tail sequences".
779:
760:
139:
2526:
North AJ, Gimona M, Cross RA, Small JV (1994). "Calponin is localised in both the contractile apparatus and the cytoskeleton of smooth muscle cells".
1296:
gene expression, the level of HES-1 increased in cells cultured on soft gel substrate in comparison with that in cells cultured on hard substrates.
1462:
1719:
Tang J, Hu G, Hanai J, Yadlapalli G, Lin Y, Zhang B, Galloway J, Bahary N, Sinha S, Thisse B, Thisse C, Jin JP, Zon LI, Sukhatme VP (2006).
1444:
54:
1287:
A binding site for transcriptional factor HES-1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) has been identified in the 5’-upstream region of mouse
1010:
1003:
2637:
Kageyama R, Ishibashi M, Takebayashi K, Tomita K (1997). "bHLH transcription factors and mammalian neuronal differentiation".
2754:
1427:
1343:"Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells"
1406:
2360:
Fujii T, Oomatsuzawa A, Kuzumaki N, Kondo Y (1994). "Calcium-dependent regulation of smooth muscle calponin by S100".
303:
1328:
The 2016 version of this article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding
280:
1565:
Fukui Y, Masuda H, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Kiyokane K (1997). "The presence of h2-calponin in human keratinocyte".
1431:
1410:
2235:
Fujii T, Koizumi Y (1999). "Identification of the binding region of basic calponin on alpha and beta tubulins".
1823:"A novel role of h2-calponin in regulating whole blood thrombosis and platelet adhesion during physiologic flow"
824:
2040:
Liu R, Jin JP (2015). "Calponin: A mechanical tension-modulated regulator of cytoskeleton and cell motility".
202:
177:
805:
119:
1872:"A Conditional Knockout Mouse Model Reveals That Calponin-3 Is Dispensable for Early B Cell Development"
1228:
motility is based on inhibition of actin activated myosin motor function, as fibroblasts isolated from
316:
215:
1667:"Cytoskeletal tension regulates both expression and degradation of h2-calponin in lung alveolar cells"
1253:
Significant amounts of calponin 2 are found in blood cells of myeloid lineage. Monocytes derived from
309:
208:
106:
957:
953:
902:
898:
127:
1607:"h2-Calponin is regulated by mechanical tension and modifies the function of actin cytoskeleton"
986:
965:
961:
927:
906:
894:
2200:
Childs TJ, Watson MH, Novy RE, Lin JJ, Mak AS (1992). "Calponin and tropomyosin interactions".
1132:
1329:
1320:
1099:
Evolutionary lineage of vertebrate calponin 2 deduced from alignment of amino acid sequences.
191:
2102:"Calponin interaction with alpha-actinin-actin: evidence for a structural role for calponin"
2113:
1883:
1084:
with an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.23. Accordingly, it is also known as neutral calponin.
2674:"Cyclic strain inhibits Notch receptor signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro"
2373:
2248:
1493:
147:
8:
2397:"Localization of protein regions involved in the interaction between calponin and myosin"
2117:
1887:
2690:
2673:
2467:
2301:
2182:
2134:
2101:
2014:
1987:
1958:
1933:
1906:
1871:
1847:
1822:
1793:
1766:
1691:
1666:
1633:
1606:
1547:
1369:
1342:
1108:
151:
2650:
2125:
2075:
1578:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
597:
592:
587:
2769:
2731:
2695:
2654:
2619:
2584:
2543:
2508:
2459:
2454:
2437:
2418:
2377:
2342:
2293:
2288:
2271:
2252:
2217:
2213:
2174:
2170:
2139:
2079:
2019:
1963:
1911:
1852:
1798:
1742:
1696:
1638:
1582:
1539:
1497:
1374:
99:
47:
2471:
2186:
2723:
2685:
2672:
Morrow D, Sweeney C, Birney YA, Cummins PM, Walls D, Redmond EM, Cahill PA (2005).
2646:
2611:
2574:
2535:
2498:
2449:
2408:
2369:
2332:
2305:
2283:
2244:
2209:
2166:
2129:
2121:
2071:
2009:
1999:
1953:
1945:
1901:
1891:
1842:
1834:
1788:
1778:
1732:
1686:
1678:
1628:
1618:
1574:
1551:
1531:
1489:
1364:
1356:
396:
327:
271:
226:
131:
20:
1988:"Mechanoregulation of h2-calponin gene expression and the role of Notch signaling"
1232:
knockout mice showed increased cell traction force generated by myosin II motors.
1896:
371:
155:
2202:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
1467:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1449:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2727:
1535:
1360:
1347:
472:
1949:
1103:
Calponin isoforms are conserved proteins whereas calponin 2 has diverged from
2748:
2579:
2562:
2503:
2486:
2413:
2396:
2337:
2320:
574:
2615:
2004:
532:
410:
2735:
2699:
2623:
2256:
2143:
2023:
1967:
1915:
1856:
1802:
1783:
1746:
1737:
1720:
1700:
1642:
1623:
1543:
1378:
1185:
1177:
1145:
389:
168:
2658:
2588:
2547:
2539:
2512:
2463:
2422:
2381:
2346:
2297:
2221:
2178:
2083:
1586:
1501:
1050:
1045:
869:
850:
1838:
1767:"Role of H2-calponin in regulating macrophage motility and phagocytosis"
1173:
1141:
1104:
288:
185:
135:
1682:
76:
2760:
Knowledge articles with corresponding academic peer reviewed articles
1189:
1150:
724:
355:
342:
254:
241:
143:
1034:
2636:
1164:
and cross-links actin filaments. Calponin also binds tropomyosin,
1193:
1165:
1066:
836:
791:
709:
705:
2765:
Knowledge articles with corresponding articles published in Gene
1092:
123:
1986:
Jiang WR, Cady G, Hossain MM, Huang QQ, Wang X, Jin JP (2014).
1181:
1169:
1018:
746:
2099:
1160:
protein binding studies have demonstrated that calponin binds
2359:
1765:
Huang QQ, Hossain MM, Wu K, Parai K, Pope RM, Jin JP (2008).
1218:
Primary fibroblasts and peritoneal macrophages isolated from
1161:
2639:
2601:
2321:"Association of calponin with desmin intermediate filaments"
1931:
1820:
1073:
2671:
2438:"Interaction of smooth muscle calponin with phospholipids"
1564:
2156:
2100:
Leinweber B, Tang JX, Stafford WF, Chalovich JM (1999).
1870:
Flemming A, Huang QQ, Jin JP, Jumaa H, Herzog S (2015).
1821:
Hines PC, Gao X, White JC, D'Agostino A, Jin JP (2014).
1721:"A critical role for calponin 2 in vascular development"
1605:
Hossain MM, Crish JF, Eckert RL, Lin JJ, Jin JP (2005).
1479:
379:
2712:
2560:
1521:
2525:
2061:
1985:
1932:
Moazzem
Hossain M, Wang X, Bergan RC, Jin JP (2014).
1869:
1718:
1604:
544:
2487:"Strong interaction between caldesmon and calponin"
2199:
2064:
1764:
1280:inhibition of myosin II motors. To demonstrate the
1269:
2484:
2272:"Interaction of smooth muscle calponin and desmin"
1423:
1421:
1419:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1127:
2095:
2093:
2057:
2055:
1664:
326:
225:
2746:
2716:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
2435:
1927:
1925:
1524:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
1416:
1395:
19:"CNN2" redirects here. For the TV channel, see
2318:
2090:
2052:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1428:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004665
1981:
1979:
1977:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1137:Figure 2. Proteins interacting with calponin.
2706:
2665:
2595:
2394:
2234:
2228:
1922:
1863:
1714:
1712:
1710:
2630:
2561:Czuryło EA, Kulikova N, Dbrowska R (1997).
2554:
2519:
2478:
2429:
2388:
2353:
2312:
2263:
2193:
2150:
2035:
2033:
1665:Hossain MM, Smith PG, Wu K, Jin JP (2006).
1649:
1593:
1508:
1407:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000064666
1974:
1809:
1753:
1558:
1473:
685:regulation of actin filament-based process
2689:
2578:
2502:
2453:
2412:
2336:
2287:
2269:
2133:
2013:
2003:
1957:
1905:
1895:
1846:
1792:
1782:
1736:
1707:
1690:
1632:
1622:
1368:
695:interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
2563:"Does calponin interact with caldesmon?"
2030:
1131:
1091:
675:cellular response to mechanical stimulus
2485:Graceffa P, Adam LP, Morgan KG (1996).
2747:
2042:Current Topics in Biochemical Research
2039:
1115:
2374:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124484
2319:Mabuchi K, Li B, Ip W, Tao T (1997).
2249:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022362
1494:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021428
1204:
331:
292:
287:
230:
189:
184:
1314:
2567:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2491:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2401:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2325:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1992:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1771:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1725:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1611:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
13:
2691:10.1161/01.RES.0000159182.98874.43
2159:Journal of Hypertension Supplement
1341:Rong Liu, J-P Jin (9 March 2016).
1274:
14:
2781:
1567:Journal of Dermatological Science
1069:that in humans is encoded by the
670:actomyosin structure organization
2436:Bogatcheva NV, Gusev NB (1995).
2171:10.1097/00004872-198812040-00008
1319:
1270:Regulation by mechanical tension
1235:
1213:
315:
308:
302:
279:
214:
207:
201:
176:
1248:
1188:. Calponin also interacts with
1128:Interaction with other proteins
1455:
1437:
1299:
533:More reference expression data
1:
2651:10.1016/s1357-2725(97)89968-2
2126:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77151-1
2076:10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80328-x
1579:10.1016/s0923-1811(96)00545-2
1389:
519:tunica media of zone of aorta
300:
199:
2755:Genes on human chromosome 19
2455:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00868-a
2395:Szymanski PT, Tao T (1997).
2289:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00824-1
2214:10.1016/0167-4838(92)90334-a
1897:10.1371/journal.pone.0128385
1087:
7:
1262:apolipoprotein E knockout (
1199:
425:stromal cell of endometrium
10:
2786:
2728:10.1152/ajpcell.00337.2005
1536:10.1152/ajpcell.00233.2002
1361:10.1016/J.GENE.2016.02.040
18:
2270:Wang P, Gusev NB (1996).
1950:10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.003
1463:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1445:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1332:article was published in
1049:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1017:
998:
983:
979:
950:
946:
939:
924:
920:
891:
887:
880:
867:
863:
848:
844:
835:
822:
818:
803:
799:
790:
777:
773:
758:
754:
745:
730:
723:
719:
703:
680:cytoskeleton organization
573:
569:
557:
552:
543:
530:
479:
470:
417:
408:
378:
370:
366:
349:
336:
299:
278:
269:
265:
248:
235:
198:
175:
166:
162:
117:
114:
104:
97:
92:
73:
68:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
28:
2580:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32067
2504:10.1074/jbc.271.48.30336
2414:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11142
2338:10.1074/jbc.272.36.22662
1308:
1011:Chr 10: 79.82 – 79.83 Mb
690:neutrophil degranulation
2616:10.1242/jcs.115.10.2021
2604:Journal of Cell Science
2528:Journal of Cell Science
2362:Journal of Biochemistry
2237:Journal of Biochemistry
2005:10.1074/jbc.M113.498147
1482:Journal of Biochemistry
487:internal carotid artery
483:external carotid artery
449:upper lobe of left lung
16:Protein found in humans
1784:10.1074/jbc.M801163200
1738:10.1074/jbc.M506991200
1624:10.1074/jbc.M509952200
1330:academic peer reviewed
1154:
1100:
1004:Chr 19: 1.03 – 1.04 Mb
654:tertiary granule lumen
649:specific granule lumen
495:mesenteric lymph nodes
2540:10.1242/jcs.107.3.437
1827:Physiological Reports
1135:
1095:
614:extracellular exosome
453:right coronary artery
294:Chromosome 10 (mouse)
192:Chromosome 19 (human)
2678:Circulation Research
1338:and can be cited as:
644:extracellular region
69:List of PDB id codes
42:Available structures
2118:1999BpJ....77.3208L
2106:Biophysical Journal
1888:2015PLoSO..1028385F
1839:10.14814/phy2.12228
1116:Tissue distribution
1205:Cell proliferation
1155:
1153:is controversial.
1101:
825:ENSMUSG00000004665
663:Biological process
639:cell-cell junction
607:Cellular component
593:calmodulin binding
581:Molecular function
511:tibiofemoral joint
2610:(Pt 10): 2021–9.
1683:10.1021/bi061718f
1387:
1386:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1029:
1028:
994:
993:
973:
972:
935:
934:
914:
913:
876:
875:
857:
856:
831:
830:
812:
811:
786:
785:
767:
766:
715:
714:
565:
564:
561:
560:
539:
538:
526:
525:
464:
463:
441:left uterine tube
362:
361:
261:
260:
88:
87:
84:
83:
52:Ortholog search:
2777:
2740:
2739:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2573:(51): 32067–70.
2558:
2552:
2551:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2457:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2291:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1777:(38): 25887–99.
1762:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1716:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1677:(51): 15670–83.
1662:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1617:(51): 42442–53.
1602:
1591:
1590:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1519:
1506:
1505:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1425:
1414:
1404:
1382:
1372:
1323:
1315:
1042:
1041:
1013:
1006:
989:
977:
976:
968:
944:
943:
940:RefSeq (protein)
930:
918:
917:
909:
885:
884:
861:
860:
842:
841:
816:
815:
797:
796:
771:
770:
752:
751:
721:
720:
598:cadherin binding
571:
570:
550:
549:
535:
475:
473:Top expressed in
468:
467:
413:
411:Top expressed in
406:
405:
385:
384:
368:
367:
358:
345:
334:
319:
312:
306:
295:
283:
267:
266:
257:
244:
233:
218:
211:
205:
194:
180:
164:
163:
158:
156:CNN2 - orthologs
109:
102:
79:
66:
65:
60:
39:
38:
26:
25:
21:HLN (TV network)
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2711:
2707:
2670:
2666:
2645:(12): 1389–99.
2635:
2631:
2600:
2596:
2559:
2555:
2524:
2520:
2497:(48): 30336–9.
2483:
2479:
2434:
2430:
2407:(17): 11142–6.
2393:
2389:
2358:
2354:
2331:(36): 22662–6.
2317:
2313:
2268:
2264:
2233:
2229:
2198:
2194:
2155:
2151:
2098:
2091:
2060:
2053:
2038:
2031:
1984:
1975:
1930:
1923:
1882:(6): e0128385.
1868:
1864:
1819:
1810:
1763:
1754:
1731:(10): 6664–72.
1717:
1708:
1663:
1650:
1603:
1594:
1563:
1559:
1520:
1509:
1478:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1426:
1417:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1340:
1339:
1324:
1311:
1302:
1277:
1275:Gene expression
1272:
1251:
1238:
1216:
1207:
1202:
1130:
1118:
1090:
1051:View/Edit Mouse
1046:View/Edit Human
1009:
1002:
999:Location (UCSC)
985:
964:
960:
956:
952:
926:
905:
901:
897:
893:
806:ENSG00000064666
699:
658:
602:
531:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
471:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
409:
353:
340:
332:
322:
321:
320:
313:
293:
270:Gene location (
252:
239:
231:
221:
220:
219:
212:
190:
167:Gene location (
118:
105:
98:
75:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2742:
2741:
2722:(1): C488–96.
2705:
2664:
2629:
2594:
2553:
2518:
2477:
2428:
2387:
2352:
2311:
2262:
2227:
2192:
2149:
2112:(6): 3208–17.
2089:
2051:
2029:
1998:(3): 1617–28.
1973:
1921:
1862:
1833:(12): e12228.
1808:
1752:
1706:
1648:
1592:
1557:
1530:(1): C156–67.
1507:
1472:
1454:
1436:
1415:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1355:(1): 143–153.
1327:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1234:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1129:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1089:
1086:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
991:
981:
980:
974:
971:
970:
948:
947:
941:
937:
936:
933:
932:
922:
921:
915:
912:
911:
889:
888:
882:
878:
877:
874:
873:
865:
864:
858:
855:
854:
846:
845:
839:
833:
832:
829:
828:
820:
819:
813:
810:
809:
801:
800:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:
775:
774:
768:
765:
764:
756:
755:
749:
743:
742:
737:
732:
728:
727:
717:
716:
713:
712:
701:
700:
698:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
666:
664:
660:
659:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
629:focal adhesion
626:
621:
616:
610:
608:
604:
603:
601:
600:
595:
590:
584:
582:
578:
577:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
547:
541:
540:
537:
536:
528:
527:
524:
523:
521:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:left lung lobe
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
476:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
457:thoracic aorta
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
402:
401:
393:
382:
376:
375:
372:RNA expression
364:
363:
360:
359:
351:
347:
346:
338:
335:
330:
324:
323:
314:
307:
301:
297:
296:
291:
285:
284:
276:
275:
263:
262:
259:
258:
250:
246:
245:
237:
234:
229:
223:
222:
213:
206:
200:
196:
195:
188:
182:
181:
173:
172:
160:
159:
116:
112:
111:
103:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
71:
70:
62:
61:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2782:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2684:(5): 567–75.
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:(3): 437–44.
2533:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:(5): 869–75.
2242:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:(1–2): 41–6.
2207:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:FEBS Open Bio
1935:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:(2): 415–24.
1487:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:Cell adhesion
1233:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1214:Cell motility
1211:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:phospholipids
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
988:
982:
978:
975:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
949:
945:
942:
938:
931:
929:
923:
919:
916:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
886:
883:
881:RefSeq (mRNA)
879:
872:
871:
866:
862:
859:
853:
852:
847:
843:
840:
838:
834:
827:
826:
821:
817:
814:
808:
807:
802:
798:
795:
793:
789:
782:
781:
776:
772:
769:
763:
762:
757:
753:
750:
748:
744:
741:
738:
736:
733:
729:
726:
722:
718:
711:
707:
702:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
665:
662:
661:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
609:
606:
605:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:actin binding
586:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:Gene ontology
572:
568:
556:
551:
548:
546:
542:
534:
529:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:
478:
474:
469:
466:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
407:
404:
403:
400:
398:
394:
392:
391:
387:
386:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
357:
352:
348:
344:
339:
333:10|10 C1
329:
325:
318:
311:
305:
298:
290:
286:
282:
277:
273:
268:
264:
256:
251:
247:
243:
238:
228:
224:
217:
210:
204:
197:
193:
187:
183:
179:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
108:
101:
96:
91:
80:
78:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2448:(2): 123–6.
2445:
2442:FEBS Letters
2441:
2431:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2368:(1): 121–7.
2365:
2361:
2355:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2282:(3): 255–8.
2279:
2276:FEBS Letters
2275:
2265:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2165:(4): S40–3.
2162:
2158:
2152:
2109:
2105:
2067:
2063:
2045:
2041:
1995:
1991:
1941:
1937:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1830:
1826:
1774:
1770:
1728:
1724:
1674:
1671:Biochemistry
1670:
1614:
1610:
1573:(1): 29–36.
1570:
1566:
1560:
1527:
1523:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1352:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1312:
1303:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:Immune cells
1242:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1120:
1119:
1102:
1096:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1061:
984:
958:NP_001290430
954:NP_001290428
951:
925:
903:NM_001303501
899:NM_001303499
892:
868:
849:
823:
804:
778:
759:
739:
734:
634:stress fiber
619:cytoskeleton
395:
388:
115:External IDs
110:, calponin 2
74:
2070:(1): 20–6.
1300:Degradation
491:granulocyte
429:right ovary
421:granulocyte
354:79,831,896
341:79,824,418
93:Identifiers
2749:Categories
1944:: 627–36.
1434:, May 2017
1413:, May 2017
1390:References
1174:calmodulin
1142:calmodulin
1109:calponin 3
1105:calponin 1
1063:Calponin 2
515:right lung
437:left ovary
433:right lung
399:(ortholog)
253:1,039,068
240:1,026,586
136:HomoloGene
1190:caldesmon
1151:caldesmon
1097:Figure 1:
1088:Evolution
987:NP_031751
966:NP_958434
962:NP_004359
928:NM_007725
907:NM_004368
895:NM_201277
725:Orthologs
144:GeneCards
2770:Proteins
2736:16943241
2700:15705961
2624:11973344
2472:41064201
2257:10220577
2187:38679688
2144:10585942
2024:24285540
1968:25161871
1916:26046660
1876:PLOS ONE
1857:25472609
1803:18617524
1747:16317011
1701:17176089
1643:16236705
1544:12388067
1430:–
1409:–
1379:26970176
1200:Function
1158:In vitro
1035:Wikidata
704:Sources:
624:membrane
503:calvaria
2659:9570134
2589:9405402
2548:8006064
2513:8939993
2464:7672110
2423:9111011
2382:7798169
2347:9278424
2306:9841797
2298:8774856
2222:1599949
2179:3241227
2135:1289132
2114:Bibcode
2084:3606745
2048:: 1–15.
2015:3894341
1959:4141211
1907:4457629
1884:Bibcode
1848:4332209
1794:2533796
1692:1764619
1634:1405912
1587:9049805
1552:2107783
1502:8889829
1432:Ensembl
1411:Ensembl
1370:5325697
1266:) mice
1264:ApoE-/-
1225:in vivo
1194:actinin
1166:tubulin
1067:protein
837:UniProt
792:Ensembl
731:Species
710:QuickGO
374:pattern
232:19p13.3
100:Aliases
2734:
2698:
2657:
2622:
2587:
2546:
2511:
2470:
2462:
2421:
2380:
2345:
2304:
2296:
2255:
2220:
2185:
2177:
2142:
2132:
2082:
2022:
2012:
1966:
1956:
1914:
1904:
1855:
1845:
1801:
1791:
1745:
1699:
1689:
1641:
1631:
1585:
1550:
1542:
1500:
1377:
1367:
1192:and a-
1184:, and
1182:myosin
1170:desmin
1021:search
1019:PubMed
870:Q08093
851:Q99439
747:Entrez
545:BioGPS
132:105093
124:602373
2468:S2CID
2302:S2CID
2183:S2CID
1548:S2CID
1335:Gene
1309:Notes
1241:from
1176:, Ca-
1172:, Ca-
1162:actin
1065:is a
780:12798
740:Mouse
735:Human
706:Amigo
507:blood
445:blood
397:Mouse
390:Human
337:Start
272:Mouse
236:Start
169:Human
2732:PMID
2696:PMID
2655:PMID
2620:PMID
2585:PMID
2544:PMID
2509:PMID
2460:PMID
2419:PMID
2378:PMID
2343:PMID
2294:PMID
2253:PMID
2218:PMID
2206:1121
2175:PMID
2140:PMID
2080:PMID
2020:PMID
1964:PMID
1912:PMID
1853:PMID
1799:PMID
1743:PMID
1697:PMID
1639:PMID
1583:PMID
1540:PMID
1498:PMID
1375:PMID
1348:Gene
1294:Cnn2
1289:Cnn2
1282:Cnn2
1259:Cnn2
1255:Cnn2
1243:Cnn2
1230:Cnn2
1220:Cnn2
1178:S100
1146:S100
1144:and
1121:CNN2
1107:and
1081:CNN2
1079:The
1074:gene
1071:CNN2
761:1265
380:Bgee
328:Band
289:Chr.
227:Band
186:Chr.
148:CNN2
140:3215
120:OMIM
107:CNN2
77:1WYN
58:RCSB
55:PDBe
29:CNN2
2724:doi
2720:292
2686:doi
2647:doi
2612:doi
2608:115
2575:doi
2571:272
2536:doi
2532:107
2499:doi
2495:271
2450:doi
2446:371
2409:doi
2405:272
2370:doi
2366:116
2333:doi
2329:272
2284:doi
2280:392
2245:doi
2241:125
2210:doi
2167:doi
2130:PMC
2122:doi
2072:doi
2068:141
2010:PMC
2000:doi
1996:289
1954:PMC
1946:doi
1902:PMC
1892:doi
1843:PMC
1835:doi
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