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CTGF

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and to exacerbate extracellular matrix production in association other fibrosis-inducing conditions. Overexpression of CTGF in fibroblasts promotes fibrosis in the dermis, kidney, and lung, and deletion of Ctgf in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells greatly reduces
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Mori T, Kawara S, Shinozaki M, Hayashi N, Kakinuma T, Igarashi A, Takigawa M, Nakanishi T, Takehara K (October 1999). "Role and interaction of connective tissue growth factor with transforming growth factor-beta in persistent fibrosis: A mouse fibrosis model".
1918:"Identification of integrin alpha(M)beta(2) as an adhesion receptor on peripheral blood monocytes for Cyr61 (CCN1) and connective tissue growth factor (CCN2): immediate-early gene products expressed in atherosclerotic lesions" 2551:
Ellina O, Chatzigeorgiou A, Kouyanou S, et al. (January 2012). "Extracellular matrix-associated (GAGs, CTGF), angiogenic (VEGF) and inflammatory factors (MCP-1, CD40, IFN-γ) in type 1 diabetes mellitus nephropathy".
1338:. Ctgf-null mice also show defects in angiogenesis, with impaired interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes and collagen IV deficiency in the endothelial basement membrane. CTGF is also important for 255: 154: 1959:"Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) induces adhesion of rat activated hepatic stellate cells by binding of its C-terminal domain to integrin α(v)β(3) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan" 4900: 1390:, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. Several clinical trials are now ongoing that investigate the therapeutic value of targeting CTGF in fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and 2083:
Aoyama E, Hattori T, Hoshijima M, Araki D, Nishida T, Kubota S, Takigawa M (June 2009). "N-terminal domains of CCN family 2/connective tissue growth factor bind to aggrecan".
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CTGF (CCN2) has recently been implicated in mood disorders, notably in the postpartum period; these effects may be mediated by its effects on myelination
2269:"Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) inactivation leads to defects in islet cell lineage allocation and beta-cell proliferation during embryogenesis" 956: 937: 77: 4665: 2740: 4604: 3781: 2973: 2682: 2267:
Crawford LA, Guney MA, Oh YA, Deyoung RA, Valenzuela DM, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD, Lyons KM, Brigstock DR, Economides A, Gannon M (March 2009).
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Hall-Glenn F, De Young RA, Huang BL, van Handel B, Hofmann JJ, Chen TT, Choi A, Ong JR, Benya PD, Mikkola H, Iruela-Arispe ML, Lyons KM (2012).
5564: 3706: 2120:"Matrix metalloproteinases cleave connective tissue growth factor and reactivate angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial growth factor 165" 5288: 5201: 5146: 5100: 5045: 4780: 4720: 3721: 3651: 3210: 2808: 2750: 1491: 1473: 5283: 5161: 5060: 4846: 4735: 4535: 4495: 4243: 4162: 4024: 3965: 3927: 3872: 3867: 3857: 3731: 3726: 3696: 3671: 3666: 3656: 3542: 3461: 3400: 3328: 3307: 3292: 3245: 2898: 1869:"Activation-dependent adhesion of human platelets to Cyr61 and Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor is mediated through integrin α 5383: 5241: 5220: 5176: 5156: 5075: 5055: 4770: 4750: 4730: 4373: 4368: 3701: 3425: 2958: 2755: 2210:"CCN2/connective tissue growth factor is essential for pericyte adhesion and endothelial basement membrane formation during angiogenesis" 5206: 5196: 5151: 5105: 5095: 5050: 4874: 4841: 4821: 4785: 4775: 4725: 4685: 4157: 4137: 4104: 3985: 3887: 3736: 2675: 2431: 1275: 1156: 2000:"The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha2-macroglobulin receptor is a receptor for connective tissue growth factor" 1298:, and TrkA. In addition, CTGF also binds growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. The N-terminal half of CTGF interacts with 5166: 5065: 4960: 4864: 4816: 4809: 4795: 4740: 4710: 4190: 4180: 4132: 4114: 4043: 3877: 3716: 3661: 2649: 1163: 4905: 4595: 4200: 3917: 2461:
Sonnylal S, Shi-Wen X, Leoni P, Naff K, Van Pelt CS, Nakamura H, Leask A, Abraham D, Bou-Gharios G, de Crombrugghe B (May 2010).
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motif. CTGF exerts its functions by binding to various cell surface receptors in a context-dependent manner, including
241: 4935: 4054: 3614: 3225: 1258:, skeletal development, and tissue wound repair, and is critically involved in fibrotic disease and several forms of 2883: 2827: 2818: 2597:"An analysis of Cellular Communication Network Factor Proteins as candidate mediators of postpartum psychosis risk" 1295: 218: 2463:"Selective expression of connective tissue growth factor in fibroblasts in vivo promotes systemic tissue fibrosis" 5457: 1812:"Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration through integrin α 1460: 1439: 5544: 5520: 4660: 4216: 4079: 1001: 5510: 1916:
Schober JM, Chen N, Grzeszkiewicz TM, Jovanovic I, Emeson EE, Ugarova TP, Ye RD, Lau LF, Lam SC (June 2002).
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Members of the CCN protein family, including CTGF, are structurally characterized by having four conserved,
982: 5554: 3950: 3832: 3822: 140: 115: 57: 4925: 2161:"Connective tissue growth factor coordinates chondrogenesis and angiogenesis during skeletal development" 1334:
Knockout mice with the Ctgf gene disrupted die at birth due to respiratory stress as a result of severe
1274:-rich domains. These domains are, from N- to C-termini, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein ( 5539: 3365: 254: 153: 2159:
Ivkovic S, Yoon BS, Popoff SN, Safadi FF, Libuda DE, Stephenson RC, Daluiski A, Lyons KM (June 2003).
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In addition to fibrosis, aberrant CTGF expression is also associated with many types of malignancies,
5447: 2041:"Connective tissue growth factor CCN2 interacts with and activates the tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA" 247: 146: 48:, HCS24, IGFBP8, NOV2, connective tissue growth factor, cellular communication network factor 2, CTGF 44: 3631: 3547: 3466: 3333: 3250: 65: 2370:"Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2, CTGF) and organ fibrosis: lessons from transgenic animals" 5626: 5231: 2978: 2853: 1139: 1118: 1092: 1071: 5515: 5131: 5035: 4655: 4074: 3060: 2698: 1291: 5631: 5589: 3786: 3070: 2709: 1282:) domain, the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) domain, and a C-terminal domain (CT) with a 1227: 1722:"All in the CCN family: essential matricellular signaling modulators emerge from the bunker" 5529: 4915: 3847: 3796: 2318:"Connective tissue growth factor is required for normal follicle development and ovulation" 2221: 1383: 1339: 1231: 129: 85: 8: 4670: 4084: 2661: 752:
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
2225: 2040: 4348: 2701: 2623: 2596: 2577: 2487: 2462: 2443: 2394: 2369: 2342: 2317: 2293: 2268: 2244: 2209: 2185: 2160: 1787: 1762: 1694: 1669: 1645: 1620: 1596: 1571: 1542: 1517: 89: 1518:"Taking aim at the extracellular matrix: CCN proteins as emerging therapeutic targets" 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 4975: 2628: 2569: 2533: 2492: 2435: 2399: 2347: 2298: 2249: 2190: 2141: 2100: 2065: 2021: 1980: 1939: 1898: 1849: 1844: 1811: 1792: 1743: 1699: 1650: 1601: 1547: 1406: 1391: 1287: 37: 2667: 2581: 2447: 5393: 4525: 2618: 2608: 2561: 2523: 2482: 2474: 2427: 2389: 2381: 2337: 2329: 2316:
Nagashima T, Kim J, Li Q, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ, Lyons KM, Matzuk MM (October 2011).
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Segarini PR, Nesbitt JE, Li D, Hays LG, Yates JR, Carmichael DF (November 2001).
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199910)181:1<153::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K
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Hashimoto G, Inoki I, Fujii Y, Aoki T, Ikeda E, Okada Y (September 2002).
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Jedsadayanmata A, Chen CC, Kireeva ML, Lau LF, Lam SC (August 1999).
1376: 1347: 1315: 1306:, and the CT domain interacts with members of the TGF-β superfamily, 901: 293: 280: 192: 179: 81: 1533: 1242:). CTGF has important roles in many biological processes, including 5574: 5293: 4950: 4550: 4540: 4520: 4263: 4253: 3600: 3080: 3023: 2933: 2893: 1371: 1363: 1311: 1299: 1271: 1187: 4455: 4424: 4393: 4357: 1621:"Functions and mechanisms of action of CCN matricellular proteins" 1367: 5549: 4970: 4435: 3837: 2798: 2207: 1915: 1235: 1013: 968: 886: 882: 61: 5462: 5126: 5015: 4940: 4645: 4640: 4064: 4059: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3641: 3180: 2858: 1259: 1171: 923: 501: 2512:"CCN2 is required for bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis in mice" 1670:"The CCN family of proteins: structure-function relationships" 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5181: 5080: 4755: 4695: 4509: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 3711: 3575: 3494: 3490: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3286: 3282: 3133: 1411: 1323: 2550: 1866: 4965: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3373: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3164: 3129: 3110: 2082: 1303: 2416: 2460: 827:
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
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Liu S, Shi-wen X, Abraham DJ, Leask A (January 2011).
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pathology. It is thought that CTGF can cooperate with
2697: 1997: 1667: 482: 1763:"The role of CCN2 in cartilage and bone development" 787:
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
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positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
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fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
5511:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF) 4369:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 4022:Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: 1668:Holbourn KP, Acharya KR, Perbal B (October 2008). 1572:"Roles for CCN2 in normal physiological processes" 1452: 1450: 1448: 1431: 1429: 1427: 2363: 2361: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1265: 807:positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction 264: 163: 5613: 5545:Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP) 2038: 3186:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) 2869:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) 2039:Wahab NA, Weston BS, Mason RM (February 2005). 1569: 1445: 1424: 2358: 1760: 1715: 1713: 1558: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1457:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019997 817:positive regulation of protein phosphorylation 5597:Additional growth factor receptor modulators: 2683: 1278:) domain, the von Willebrand type C repeats ( 3951:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A) 3833:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A) 3823:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C) 2588: 2503: 2454: 2410: 2367: 2309: 2260: 2201: 2152: 2111: 2076: 2032: 1991: 1956: 1950: 1909: 1860: 1809: 1803: 1754: 1719: 847:positive regulation of stress fiber assembly 812:positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade 1710: 1661: 1612: 1502: 1436:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000118523 797:positive regulation of cell differentiation 2690: 2676: 722:positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition 707:extracellular matrix constituent secretion 2622: 2612: 2527: 2486: 2393: 2341: 2292: 2243: 2233: 2184: 2135: 2059: 2015: 1974: 1933: 1892: 1843: 1786: 1737: 1693: 1644: 1595: 1541: 872:regulation of signaling receptor activity 742:reactive oxygen species metabolic process 652:regulation of chondrocyte differentiation 5555:Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4) 1810:Babic AM, Chen CC, Lau LF (April 1999). 1353: 1342:development, and is critical for normal 621:collagen-containing extracellular matrix 2884:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) 1618: 1570:Hall-Glenn F, Lyons KM (October 2011). 5614: 5458:Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) 2594: 1515: 1329: 757:positive regulation of gene expression 737:negative regulation of gene expression 642:positive regulation of cell activation 5521:Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) 2671: 1720:Leask A, Abraham DJ (December 2006). 269: 230: 225: 168: 127: 122: 1761:Kubota S, Takigawa M (August 2011). 1240:CCN intercellular signaling protein 822:integrin-mediated signaling pathway 702:response to organic cyclic compound 13: 1957:Gao R, Brigstock DR (March 2004). 727:positive regulation of JNK cascade 540:insulin-like growth factor binding 14: 5643: 2642: 867:negative regulation of cell death 692:positive regulation of cell death 672:intracellular signal transduction 5540:Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 1516:Jun JI, Lau LF (December 2011). 1302:, the TSR domain interacts with 491: 253: 246: 240: 217: 152: 145: 139: 114: 4708:Negative allosteric modulators: 2544: 1224:connective tissue growth factor 606:perinuclear region of cytoplasm 5026:Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF) 4217:Platelet-derived growth factor 1619:Chen CC, Lau LF (April 2009). 1484: 1466: 1266:Structure and binding partners 502:More reference expression data 471:More reference expression data 1: 5232:Placental growth factor (PGF) 1418: 1292:heparan sulfate proteoglycans 762:connective tissue development 677:response to mineralocorticoid 421:tunica media of zone of aorta 238: 137: 5516:Glia maturation factor (GMF) 4025:Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1) 2235:10.1371/journal.pone.0030562 1637:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.025 1238:-binding proteins (see also 7: 5622:Genes on human chromosome 6 2368:Brigstock DR (March 2010). 1400: 717:response to peptide hormone 10: 5648: 5448:Colony-stimulating factors 5440:Additional growth factors: 2660:gene details page in the 1686:10.1016/j.tibs.2008.07.006 1625:Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol 545:protein C-terminus binding 5432: 5219: 5114: 4883: 4796:SNA-120 (pegylated K252a) 4623: 4614: 4594: 4508: 4485: 4454: 4423: 4392: 4356: 4347: 4199: 4042: 3975: 3968:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2) 3937: 3930:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2) 3804: 3795: 3613: 3590: 3530: 3449: 3316: 3233: 3224: 3163: 3109: 3022: 2826: 2817: 2786: 2708: 2386:10.1007/s12079-009-0071-5 1935:10.1182/blood.V99.12.4457 1779:10.1007/s12079-011-0123-5 1588:10.1007/s00018-011-0782-7 1492:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1474:"Human PubMed Reference:" 1202: 1197: 1193: 1186: 1170: 1157:Chr 6: 131.95 – 131.95 Mb 1151: 1136: 1132: 1115: 1111: 1104: 1089: 1085: 1068: 1064: 1057: 1044: 1040: 1025: 1021: 1012: 999: 995: 980: 976: 967: 954: 950: 935: 931: 922: 907: 900: 896: 880: 792:chondrocyte proliferation 772:regulation of cell growth 520: 516: 499: 490: 481: 468: 417: 408: 387:Descending thoracic aorta 355: 346: 316: 308: 304: 287: 274: 237: 216: 207: 203: 186: 173: 136: 113: 104: 100: 55: 52: 42: 35: 30: 26: 21: 3632:Hepatocyte growth factor 3191:Neuregulins (heregulins) 3122:Neuregulins (heregulins) 3066:Trastuzumab duocarmazine 2779:(against angiopoietin 2) 2773:(against angiopoietin 3) 2614:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00876 1894:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24321 1379:-induced skin fibrosis. 1358:CTGF is associated with 1164:Chr 10: 24.47 – 24.47 Mb 687:DNA biosynthetic process 395:tendon of biceps brachii 2979:Depatuxizumab mafodotin 2601:Frontiers in Psychiatry 16:Protein found in humans 5602:(neurotrophin mixture) 5590:Wnt signaling proteins 5271:Allosteric modulators: 4991:Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF) 3211:5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF) 3061:Trastuzumab deruxtecan 2699:Growth factor receptor 2137:10.1074/jbc.M201674200 2061:10.1681/ASN.2003100905 2017:10.1074/jbc.M105180200 1976:10.1074/jbc.M313204200 842:cartilage condensation 682:response to fatty acid 657:response to amino acid 555:growth factor activity 271:10 A4|10 11.84 cM 5530:T-cell growth factors 3787:Telisotuzumab vedotin 3071:Trastuzumab emtansine 2595:Davies W (Nov 2019). 2566:10.1515/cclm.2011.881 1836:10.1128/mcb.19.4.2958 1354:Clinical significance 1230:of the CCN family of 1228:matricellular protein 802:epidermis development 662:response to estradiol 425:stroma of bone marrow 379:right coronary artery 232:Chromosome 10 (mouse) 4115:EVT-901 (SAR-127963) 3848:Mecasermin rinfabate 2654:genome location and 2554:Clin. Chem. Lab. Med 2374:J Cell Commun Signal 2334:10.1210/me.2011-1045 2285:10.1210/me.2008-0045 1767:J Cell Commun Signal 1384:diabetic nephropathy 1370:to induce sustained 1340:pancreatic beta cell 1232:extracellular matrix 832:cell-matrix adhesion 767:response to wounding 647:cell differentiation 616:extracellular matrix 596:extracellular region 445:skin of external ear 391:left coronary artery 371:smooth muscle tissue 130:Chromosome 6 (human) 2662:UCSC Genome Browser 2226:2012PLoSO...730562H 2048:J. Am. Soc. Nephrol 1674:Trends Biochem. Sci 1576:Cell. Mol. Life Sci 1522:Nat Rev Drug Discov 1330:Role in development 862:cell-cell signaling 732:response to glucose 611:extracellular space 535:fibronectin binding 5281:Kinase inhibitors: 5144:Kinase inhibitors: 5043:Kinase inhibitors: 4718:Kinase inhibitors: 4533:Kinase inhibitors: 4493:Kinase inhibitors: 4474:Kinase inhibitors: 4443:Kinase inhibitors: 4412:Kinase inhibitors: 4381:Kinase inhibitors: 4241:Kinase inhibitors: 3855:Kinase inhibitors: 3649:Kinase inhibitors: 3438:Kinase inhibitors: 3431:Aprutumab ixadotin 3078:Kinase inhibitors: 2891:Kinase inhibitors: 2748:Kinase inhibitors: 2097:10.1042/BJ20081991 1732:(Pt 23): 4803–10. 1362:and virtually all 1288:integrin receptors 1002:ENSMUSG00000019997 782:tissue homeostasis 667:response to anoxia 630:Biological process 574:Cellular component 528:Molecular function 457:epithelium of lens 5609: 5608: 5215: 5214: 4976:N-Acetylserotonin 4875:ReN-1820 (TrkAd5) 4504: 4503: 4038: 4037: 3983:Binding proteins: 3642:Dihexa (PNB-0408) 3609: 3608: 3220: 3219: 3134:6 (neuroglycan C) 2854:EGF (urogastrone) 2832: 2529:10.1002/art.30074 2479:10.1002/art.27382 2177:10.1242/dev.00505 1739:10.1242/jcs.03270 1407:Ctgf/hcs24 CAESAR 1392:pancreatic cancer 1213: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1182: 1181: 1147: 1146: 1126: 1125: 1100: 1099: 1079: 1078: 1053: 1052: 1034: 1033: 1008: 1007: 989: 988: 963: 962: 944: 943: 892: 891: 586:cis-Golgi network 512: 511: 508: 507: 477: 476: 464: 463: 402: 401: 300: 299: 199: 198: 5639: 5421:Decoy receptors: 5394:Alacizumab pegol 4872:Decoy receptors: 4621: 4620: 4526:Stem cell factor 4467:Persephin (PSPN) 4405:Neurturin (NRTN) 4354: 4353: 4191:LEVI-04 (p75-Fc) 4188:Decoy receptors: 3802: 3801: 3231: 3230: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2637: 2636: 2626: 2616: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2531: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2490: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2420:J. Cell. Physiol 2414: 2408: 2407: 2397: 2365: 2356: 2355: 2345: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2296: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2247: 2237: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2188: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2139: 2130:(39): 36288–95. 2115: 2109: 2108: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2063: 2045: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2010:(44): 40659–67. 1995: 1989: 1988: 1978: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1937: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1896: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1847: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1790: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1741: 1717: 1708: 1707: 1697: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1648: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1599: 1567: 1556: 1555: 1545: 1513: 1500: 1499: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1470: 1464: 1454: 1443: 1433: 1346:development and 1344:ovarian follicle 1336:chondrodysplasia 1290:, cell surface 1218:, also known as 1195: 1194: 1166: 1159: 1142: 1130: 1129: 1121: 1109: 1108: 1105:RefSeq (protein) 1095: 1083: 1082: 1074: 1062: 1061: 1038: 1037: 1019: 1018: 993: 992: 974: 973: 948: 947: 929: 928: 898: 897: 712:lung development 560:integrin binding 518: 517: 504: 495: 488: 487: 473: 433:semi-lunar valve 413: 411:Top expressed in 406: 405: 351: 349:Top expressed in 344: 343: 323: 322: 306: 305: 296: 283: 272: 257: 250: 244: 233: 221: 205: 204: 195: 182: 171: 156: 149: 143: 132: 118: 102: 101: 96: 94:CCN2 - orthologs 47: 40: 19: 18: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5550:Midkine (NEGF2) 5428: 5211: 5110: 4879: 4817:ABT-110 (PG110) 4610: 4590: 4500: 4481: 4450: 4419: 4388: 4343: 4195: 4133:ABT-110 (PG110) 4034: 3971: 3933: 3791: 3605: 3586: 3526: 3523:(against FGF23) 3445: 3312: 3216: 3159: 3105: 3018: 2829: 2813: 2782: 2704: 2696: 2645: 2640: 2593: 2589: 2549: 2545: 2516:Arthritis Rheum 2508: 2504: 2467:Arthritis Rheum 2459: 2455: 2415: 2411: 2366: 2359: 2328:(10): 1740–59. 2322:Mol. Endocrinol 2314: 2310: 2273:Mol. Endocrinol 2265: 2261: 2206: 2202: 2171:(12): 2779–91. 2157: 2153: 2116: 2112: 2081: 2077: 2043: 2037: 2033: 1996: 1992: 1969:(10): 8848–55. 1955: 1951: 1928:(12): 4457–65. 1914: 1910: 1887:(34): 24321–7. 1876: 1872: 1865: 1861: 1824:Mol. Cell. Biol 1819: 1815: 1808: 1804: 1759: 1755: 1718: 1711: 1666: 1662: 1617: 1613: 1582:(19): 3209–17. 1568: 1559: 1534:10.1038/nrd3599 1514: 1503: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1455: 1446: 1434: 1425: 1421: 1403: 1356: 1332: 1268: 1204:View/Edit Mouse 1199:View/Edit Human 1162: 1155: 1152:Location (UCSC) 1138: 1117: 1091: 1070: 983:ENSG00000118523 876: 625: 591:plasma membrane 569: 565:heparin binding 550:protein binding 500: 469: 460: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 429:ascending aorta 427: 423: 409: 398: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 367:ascending aorta 365: 361: 347: 291: 278: 270: 260: 259: 258: 251: 231: 208:Gene location ( 190: 177: 169: 159: 158: 157: 150: 128: 105:Gene location ( 56: 43: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5645: 5635: 5634: 5629: 5627:Growth factors 5624: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5580:Thrombopoietin 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5501:Erythropoietin 5498: 5460: 5455: 5445: 5443:Adrenomedullin 5436: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5277: 5276: 5267: 5266: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5225: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5120: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5039: 5038: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4906:4'-DMA-7,8-DHF 4903: 4898: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4868: 4867: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4800: 4799: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4714: 4713: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4666:Gambogic amide 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4629: 4627: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4514: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4460: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4439: 4438: 4436:Artemin (ARTN) 4429: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4408: 4407: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4362: 4360: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4214: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4184: 4183: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4048: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4018: 4017: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3545: 3536: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3464: 3455: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3331: 3322: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3248: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3115: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3039: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2792: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2741:Angiopoietin 3 2738: 2736:Angiopoietin 2 2729: 2728: 2726:Angiopoietin 4 2723: 2721:Angiopoietin 1 2714: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2695: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2644: 2643:External links 2641: 2639: 2638: 2587: 2543: 2502: 2473:(5): 1523–32. 2453: 2409: 2357: 2308: 2259: 2200: 2151: 2110: 2075: 2031: 1990: 1949: 1908: 1874: 1870: 1859: 1830:(4): 2958–66. 1817: 1813: 1802: 1753: 1709: 1680:(10): 461–73. 1660: 1611: 1557: 1528:(12): 945–63. 1501: 1483: 1465: 1444: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1355: 1352: 1331: 1328: 1267: 1264: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1113: 1112: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1086: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1066: 1065: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1042: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 997: 996: 990: 987: 986: 978: 977: 971: 965: 964: 961: 960: 952: 951: 945: 942: 941: 933: 932: 926: 920: 919: 914: 909: 905: 904: 894: 893: 890: 889: 878: 877: 875: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 837:cell migration 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 633: 631: 627: 626: 624: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 577: 575: 571: 570: 568: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 529: 525: 524: 514: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505: 497: 496: 485: 479: 478: 475: 474: 466: 465: 462: 461: 459: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 415: 414: 403: 400: 399: 397: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 375:gastric mucosa 372: 368: 364: 363:thoracic aorta 360: 356: 353: 352: 340: 339: 331: 320: 314: 313: 310:RNA expression 302: 301: 298: 297: 289: 285: 284: 276: 273: 268: 262: 261: 252: 245: 239: 235: 234: 229: 223: 222: 214: 213: 201: 200: 197: 196: 188: 184: 183: 175: 172: 167: 161: 160: 151: 144: 138: 134: 133: 126: 120: 119: 111: 110: 98: 97: 54: 50: 49: 41: 33: 32: 28: 27: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5644: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5274:Cyclotraxin B 5272: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5187:Larotrectinib 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5086:Larotrectinib 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5021:Cyclotraxin B 5019: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4931:Amitriptyline 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4808: 4807:Against TrkA: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4761:Larotrectinib 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4691:Dexamethasone 4689: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4636:Amitriptyline 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4110:Dexamethasone 4108: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3818:des(1-3)IGF-1 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3782:Telisotuzumab 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3639:Potentiators: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3501:Selpercatinib 3499: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3406:Selpercatinib 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3298:Selpercatinib 3296: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2974:Depatuxizumab 2972: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2560:(1): 167–74. 2559: 2555: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2522:(1): 239–46. 2521: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2279:(3): 324–36. 2278: 2274: 2270: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2220:(2): e30562. 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2124:J. Biol. Chem 2121: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2091:(3): 413–20. 2090: 2086: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2054:(2): 340–51. 2053: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004:J. Biol. Chem 2001: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963:J. Biol. Chem 1960: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:J. Biol. Chem 1878: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1773:(3): 209–17. 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1716: 1714: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631:(4): 771–83. 1630: 1626: 1622: 1615: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1423: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360:wound healing 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1284:cysteine knot 1281: 1277: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:proliferation 1249: 1245: 1244:cell adhesion 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1143: 1141: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1058:RefSeq (mRNA) 1056: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 991: 985: 984: 979: 975: 972: 970: 966: 959: 958: 953: 949: 946: 940: 939: 934: 930: 927: 925: 921: 918: 915: 913: 910: 906: 903: 899: 895: 888: 884: 879: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 857:cell adhesion 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 634: 632: 629: 628: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 576: 573: 572: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522:Gene ontology 519: 515: 503: 498: 494: 489: 486: 484: 480: 472: 467: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419: 416: 412: 407: 404: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 357: 354: 350: 345: 342: 341: 338: 336: 332: 330: 329: 325: 324: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 295: 290: 286: 282: 277: 267: 263: 256: 249: 243: 236: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 206: 202: 194: 189: 185: 181: 176: 166: 162: 155: 148: 142: 135: 131: 125: 121: 117: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 51: 46: 39: 34: 29: 25: 20: 5632:CCN proteins 5600:Cerebrolysin 5596: 5570:Pleiotrophin 5526:Interleukins 5439: 5420: 5390: 5309:Fruquintinib 5299:Cabozantinib 5280: 5270: 5228: 5192:Lestaurtinib 5143: 5123: 5091:Lestaurtinib 5042: 5032: 5013:Antagonists: 5012: 4946:Deoxygedunin 4901:3,7,8,2'-THF 4892: 4871: 4862:Against NGF: 4861: 4858: 4814:Against NGF: 4813: 4806: 4803: 4766:Lestaurtinib 4717: 4707: 4701:Testosterone 4683:Antagonists: 4682: 4632: 4532: 4517: 4492: 4473: 4463: 4442: 4432: 4411: 4401: 4380: 4365: 4325: 4240: 4208: 4187: 4178:Against NGF: 4177: 4174: 4130:Against NGF: 4129: 4126: 4120:Testosterone 4102:Antagonists: 4101: 4051: 4021: 3982: 3957: 3946: 3923:Teprotumumab 3884: 3854: 3813: 3762:Ficlatuzumab 3757:Emibetuzumab 3753: 3707:JNJ-38877605 3677:Cabozantinib 3648: 3638: 3627:Fosgonimeton 3622: 3597: 3539: 3517: 3458: 3441:Infigratinib 3437: 3422: 3325: 3242: 3176:Betacellulin 3172: 3155:Seribantumab 3141: 3118: 3077: 3042: 3036:Unknown/none 3035: 3031: 2965: 2890: 2849:Betacellulin 2844:Amphiregulin 2839: 2831:(ErbB1/HER1) 2795: 2767: 2747: 2733:Antagonists: 2732: 2717: 2710:Angiopoietin 2656: 2650: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2426:(1): 153–9. 2423: 2419: 2412: 2377: 2373: 2325: 2321: 2311: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2217: 2213: 2203: 2168: 2164: 2154: 2127: 2123: 2113: 2088: 2084: 2078: 2051: 2047: 2034: 2007: 2003: 1993: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1884: 1880: 1862: 1827: 1823: 1805: 1770: 1766: 1756: 1729: 1725: 1677: 1673: 1663: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1579: 1575: 1525: 1521: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1396: 1381: 1357: 1333: 1269: 1256:angiogenesis 1234:-associated 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1137: 1116: 1090: 1069: 1045: 1026: 1000: 981: 955: 936: 916: 911: 852:human ageing 777:angiogenesis 697:ossification 453:ciliary body 441:aortic valve 333: 326: 191:131,951,372 178:131,948,176 53:External IDs 5560:Oncomodulin 5424:Aflibercept 5414:Ranibizumab 5409:Ramucirumab 5399:Bevacizumab 5391:Antibodies: 5349:Regorafenib 5289:Altiratinib 5202:ONO-5390556 5172:Entrectinib 5147:Altiratinib 5101:ONO-5390556 5071:Entrectinib 5046:Altiratinib 4832:Frunevetmab 4804:Antibodies: 4781:ONO-5390556 4746:Entrectinib 4721:Altiratinib 4676:Tavilermide 4571:Quizartinib 4510:SCF (c-Kit) 4334:Ramucirumab 4326:Antibodies: 4299:Quizartinib 4249:Avapritinib 4212:Becaplermin 4148:Frunevetmab 4127:Antibodies: 4030:Trofinetide 3961:Dusigitumab 3958:Antibodies: 3913:Robatumumab 3903:Figitumumab 3898:Dalotuzumab 3893:Cixutumumab 3885:Antibodies: 3777:Rilotumumab 3772:Onartuzumab 3767:Flanvotumab 3754:Antibodies: 3722:PF-04217903 3652:Altiratinib 3615:HGF (c-Met) 3518:Antibodies: 3423:Antibodies: 3145:Duligotumab 3142:Antibodies: 3056:Trastuzumab 3046:Ertumaxomab 3043:Antibodies: 3014:Zalutumumab 3009:Panitumumab 3004:Nimotuzumab 2999:Necitumumab 2989:Imgatuzumab 2966:Antibodies: 2949:Osimertinib 2914:Dacomitinib 2809:Dapiclermin 2768:Antibodies: 2751:Altiratinib 2165:Development 1726:J. Cell Sci 1388:retinopathy 1308:fibronectin 601:cell cortex 437:ankle joint 383:gallbladder 292:24,474,581 279:24,471,340 31:Identifiers 5616:Categories 5379:Vandetanib 5344:Rebastinib 5339:Pegaptanib 5329:Nintedanib 5319:Lenvatinib 5284:Agerafenib 5237:Ripretinib 5162:CH-7057288 5061:CH-7057288 4926:7,8,3'-THF 4921:7,8,2'-THF 4847:Ranevetmab 4837:Fulranumab 4791:Rebastinib 4736:CH-7057288 4651:Cenegermin 4536:Agerafenib 4496:Agerafenib 4477:Vandetanib 4446:Vandetanib 4415:Vandetanib 4384:Vandetanib 4329:Olaratumab 4304:Ripretinib 4284:Nintedanib 4269:Lenvatinib 4259:Crenolanib 4244:Agerafenib 4163:Ranevetmab 4153:Fulranumab 4070:Cenegermin 4044:LNGF (p75) 3966:Xentuzumab 3928:Xentuzumab 3873:NVP-AEW541 3868:NVP-ADW742 3863:Linsitinib 3858:BMS-754807 3843:Mecasermin 3742:Tivantinib 3732:PHA-665752 3727:PF-2341066 3697:Golvatinib 3687:Crizotinib 3682:Capmatinib 3672:BMS-777607 3667:Amuvatinib 3543:Ersofermin 3506:Sprifermin 3462:Ersofermin 3411:Sprifermin 3401:Repifermin 3396:Palifermin 3329:Ersofermin 3308:Velafermin 3293:Repifermin 3246:Ersofermin 3165:ErbB4/HER4 3150:Patritumab 3111:ErbB3/HER3 3091:Mubritinib 3051:Pertuzumab 3024:ErbB2/HER2 2954:Vandetanib 2909:Canertinib 2904:Brigatinib 2899:Agerafenib 2879:Nepidermin 2874:Murodermin 2864:Epiregulin 2819:EGF (ErbB) 2777:Nesvacumab 2771:Evinacumab 2761:Rebastinib 2702:modulators 2380:(1): 1–4. 2085:Biochem. J 1463:, May 2017 1442:, May 2017 1419:References 337:(ortholog) 74:HomoloGene 5404:Icrucumab 5384:WHI-P 154 5374:Tivozanib 5369:Toceranib 5364:Sunitinib 5359:Sorafenib 5354:Semaxanib 5334:Pazopanib 5324:Motesanib 5314:Lapatinib 5304:Cediranib 5242:Telbermin 5229:Agonists: 5177:GZ-389988 5157:CE-245677 5124:Agonists: 5076:GZ-389988 5056:CE-245677 4956:Diosmetin 4893:Agonists: 4859:Aptamers: 4852:Tanezumab 4827:Fasinumab 4771:Milciclib 4751:GZ-389988 4731:CE-245677 4633:Agonists: 4586:Toceranib 4581:Sunitinib 4576:Sorafenib 4566:Pazopanib 4561:Nilotinib 4556:Masitinib 4546:Dasatinib 4518:Agonists: 4464:Agonists: 4433:Agonists: 4402:Agonists: 4374:Liatermin 4366:Agonists: 4349:RET (GFL) 4339:Tovetumab 4319:Toceranib 4314:Sorafenib 4309:Sunitinib 4294:Radotinib 4289:Pazopanib 4279:Motesanib 4274:Masitinib 4209:Agonists: 4175:Aptamers: 4168:Tanezumab 4143:Fasinumab 4052:Agonists: 3908:Ganitumab 3828:IGF-1 LR3 3747:Volitinib 3702:INCB28060 3692:Foretinib 3598:Agonists: 3582:Trafermin 3540:Agonists: 3521:Burosumab 3511:Trafermin 3459:Agonists: 3426:Aprutumab 3416:Trafermin 3378:10 (KGF2) 3326:Agonists: 3303:Trafermin 3283:10 (KGF2) 3243:Agonists: 3173:Agonists: 3119:Agonists: 3101:Tucatinib 3096:Neratinib 3086:Lapatinib 2994:Matuzumab 2984:Futuximab 2969:Cetuximab 2959:WHI-P 154 2944:Neratinib 2939:Lapatinib 2929:Grandinin 2924:Gefitinib 2919:Erlotinib 2796:Agonists: 2756:CE-245677 2718:Agonists: 1377:bleomycin 1348:ovulation 1316:fibulin-1 1294:(HSPGs), 1248:migration 1140:NP_034347 1119:NP_001892 1093:NM_010217 1072:NM_001901 902:Orthologs 82:GeneCards 5586:instead) 5575:Renalase 5536:instead) 5507:instead) 5454:instead) 5294:Axitinib 5263:D (FIGF) 5207:PLX-7486 5197:ONO-4474 5152:AZD-6918 5106:PLX-7486 5096:ONO-4474 5051:AZD-6918 5033:Ligands: 4951:Deprenyl 4911:7,3'-DHF 4842:MEDI-578 4822:ASP-6294 4786:PLX-7486 4776:ONO-4474 4726:AZD-6918 4686:ALE-0540 4607:instead. 4551:Imatinib 4541:Axitinib 4521:Ancestim 4486:Unsorted 4264:Imatinib 4254:Axitinib 4158:MEDI-578 4138:ASP-6294 4105:ALE-0540 3947:Agonists 3888:AVE-1642 3814:Agonists 3737:SU-11274 3623:Agonists 3601:FGF15/19 3591:Unsorted 3556:2 (bFGF) 3475:2 (bFGF) 3342:2 (bFGF) 3259:2 (bFGF) 3081:Afatinib 3032:Agonists 2934:Icotinib 2894:Afatinib 2840:Agonists 2633:31849729 2582:26045011 2574:22505539 2538:20936632 2497:20213804 2448:21284888 2440:10457363 2404:19798591 2352:21868453 2303:19131512 2254:22363445 2214:PLOS ONE 2195:12736220 2146:12114504 2105:19298220 2070:15601748 2026:11518710 1985:14684735 1944:12036876 1903:10446209 1854:10082563 1797:21484188 1748:17130294 1704:18789696 1655:18775791 1606:21858450 1552:22129992 1459:– 1438:– 1401:See also 1372:fibrosis 1364:fibrotic 1312:perlecan 1300:aggrecan 1272:cysteine 1188:Wikidata 881:Sources: 5463:Ephrins 5167:DS-6051 5066:DS-6051 4971:LM22A-4 4961:DMAQ-B1 4916:7,8-DHF 4896:3,7-DHF 4865:RBM-004 4810:GBR-900 4741:DS-6051 4711:VM-902A 4181:RBM-004 3878:OSl-906 3838:Insulin 3717:MK-2461 3662:AMG-458 2799:Axokine 2624:6901936 2607:: 876. 2488:3866029 2395:2821473 2343:3182424 2294:2654514 2245:3282727 2222:Bibcode 2186:3360973 1788:3145877 1695:2683937 1646:2668982 1597:3670951 1543:3663145 1461:Ensembl 1440:Ensembl 1260:cancers 1236:heparin 1226:, is a 1014:UniProt 969:Ensembl 908:Species 887:QuickGO 581:cytosol 312:pattern 38:Aliases 5433:Others 5127:BNN-20 5016:ANA-12 4941:BNN-20 4661:DHEA-S 4646:BNN-27 4641:BNN-20 4080:DHEA-S 4065:BNN-27 4060:BNN-20 3976:Others 3181:Epigen 2859:Epigen 2648:Human 2631:  2621:  2580:  2572:  2536:  2495:  2485:  2446:  2438:  2402:  2392:  2350:  2340:  2301:  2291:  2252:  2242:  2193:  2183:  2144:  2103:  2068:  2024:  1983:  1942:  1901:  1852:  1842:  1795:  1785:  1746:  1702:  1692:  1653:  1643:  1604:  1594:  1550:  1540:  1414:(CCN1) 1324:mucins 1322:, and 1174:search 1172:PubMed 1047:P29268 1028:P29279 924:Entrez 483:BioGPS 170:6q23.2 62:121009 5582:(see 5532:(see 5503:(see 5450:(see 5182:K252a 5081:K252a 4756:K252a 4696:FX007 4456:GFRα4 4425:GFRα3 4394:GFRα2 4358:GFRα1 3986:IGFBP 3939:IGF-2 3918:R1507 3806:IGF-1 3712:K252a 3532:FGFR4 3451:FGFR3 3318:FGFR2 3235:FGFR1 2578:S2CID 2444:S2CID 2044:(PDF) 1922:Blood 1845:84090 1412:CYR61 1368:TGF-β 1276:IGFBP 957:14219 917:Mouse 912:Human 883:Amigo 449:ankle 359:tibia 335:Mouse 328:Human 275:Start 210:Mouse 174:Start 107:Human 70:95537 5584:here 5534:here 5505:here 5452:here 5247:VEGF 5221:VEGF 5137:NT-3 5132:DHEA 5116:TrkC 5036:DHEA 5006:TDP6 4986:NT-4 4981:NT-3 4966:HIOC 4936:BDNF 4885:TrkB 4656:DHEA 4625:TrkA 4605:here 4603:See 4596:TGFβ 4201:PDGF 4095:NT-4 4090:NT-3 4075:DHEA 4055:BDNF 2804:CNTF 2788:CNTF 2657:CTGF 2651:CTGF 2629:PMID 2570:PMID 2534:PMID 2493:PMID 2436:PMID 2400:PMID 2348:PMID 2299:PMID 2250:PMID 2191:PMID 2142:PMID 2101:PMID 2066:PMID 2022:PMID 1981:PMID 1940:PMID 1899:PMID 1850:PMID 1793:PMID 1744:PMID 1700:PMID 1651:PMID 1602:PMID 1548:PMID 1386:and 1320:slit 1304:VEGF 1296:LRPs 1220:CCN2 1216:CTGF 938:1490 318:Bgee 266:Band 227:Chr. 165:Band 124:Chr. 86:CCN2 78:1431 58:OMIM 45:CCN2 22:CCN2 5001:R13 4671:NGF 4616:Trk 4085:NGF 3797:IGF 3657:AM7 3548:FGF 3467:FGF 3368:), 3366:KGF 3334:FGF 3251:FGF 3226:FGF 2828:EGF 2619:PMC 2609:doi 2562:doi 2524:doi 2483:PMC 2475:doi 2428:doi 2424:181 2390:PMC 2382:doi 2338:PMC 2330:doi 2289:PMC 2281:doi 2240:PMC 2230:doi 2181:PMC 2173:doi 2169:130 2132:doi 2128:277 2093:doi 2089:420 2056:doi 2012:doi 2008:276 1971:doi 1967:279 1930:doi 1889:doi 1885:274 1871:IIb 1840:PMC 1832:doi 1783:PMC 1775:doi 1734:doi 1730:119 1690:PMC 1682:doi 1641:PMC 1633:doi 1592:PMC 1584:doi 1538:PMC 1530:doi 1280:vWC 1222:or 288:End 187:End 90:OMA 66:MGI 5618:: 5495:B3 5493:, 5491:B2 5489:, 5487:B1 5485:, 5483:A5 5481:, 5479:A4 5477:, 5475:A3 5473:, 5471:A2 5469:, 5467:A1 5261:, 5257:, 5253:, 4996:R7 4812:; 4231:, 4227:, 4223:, 4012:, 4008:, 4004:, 4000:, 3996:, 3992:, 3949:: 3816:: 3625:: 3576:19 3574:, 3570:, 3566:, 3562:, 3558:, 3554:, 3495:23 3493:, 3491:18 3489:, 3485:, 3481:, 3477:, 3473:, 3390:22 3388:, 3386:18 3384:, 3382:17 3380:, 3376:, 3372:, 3360:, 3356:, 3352:, 3348:, 3344:, 3340:, 3287:20 3285:, 3281:, 3277:, 3273:, 3269:, 3265:, 3261:, 3257:, 3209:, 3205:, 3201:, 3197:, 3132:, 3128:, 3034:: 2842:: 2627:. 2617:. 2605:10 2603:. 2599:. 2576:. 2568:. 2558:50 2556:. 2532:. 2520:63 2518:. 2514:. 2491:. 2481:. 2471:62 2469:. 2465:. 2442:. 2434:. 2422:. 2398:. 2388:. 2376:. 2372:. 2360:^ 2346:. 2336:. 2326:25 2324:. 2320:. 2297:. 2287:. 2277:23 2275:. 2271:. 2248:. 2238:. 2228:. 2216:. 2212:. 2189:. 2179:. 2167:. 2163:. 2140:. 2126:. 2122:. 2099:. 2087:. 2064:. 2052:16 2050:. 2046:. 2020:. 2006:. 2002:. 1979:. 1965:. 1961:. 1938:. 1926:99 1924:. 1920:. 1897:. 1883:. 1879:. 1848:. 1838:. 1828:19 1826:. 1822:. 1791:. 1781:. 1769:. 1765:. 1742:. 1728:. 1724:. 1712:^ 1698:. 1688:. 1678:33 1676:. 1672:. 1649:. 1639:. 1629:41 1627:. 1623:. 1600:. 1590:. 1580:68 1578:. 1574:. 1560:^ 1546:. 1536:. 1526:10 1524:. 1520:. 1504:^ 1494:. 1476:. 1447:^ 1426:^ 1394:. 1350:. 1326:. 1318:, 1314:, 1310:, 1262:. 1254:, 1250:, 1246:, 885:/ 294:bp 281:bp 193:bp 180:bp 88:; 84:: 80:; 76:: 72:; 68:: 64:; 60:: 5528:/ 5497:) 5465:( 5265:) 5259:C 5255:B 5251:A 5249:( 4798:) 4235:) 4233:D 4229:C 4225:B 4221:A 4219:( 4016:) 4014:7 4010:6 4006:5 4002:4 3998:3 3994:2 3990:1 3988:( 3578:) 3572:9 3568:8 3564:6 3560:4 3552:1 3550:( 3497:) 3487:9 3483:8 3479:4 3471:1 3469:( 3392:) 3374:9 3370:8 3364:( 3362:7 3358:6 3354:5 3350:4 3346:3 3338:1 3336:( 3289:) 3279:8 3275:6 3271:5 3267:4 3263:3 3255:1 3253:( 3213:) 3207:4 3203:3 3199:2 3195:1 3193:( 3136:) 3130:2 3126:1 3124:( 2691:e 2684:t 2677:v 2664:. 2635:. 2611:: 2584:. 2564:: 2540:. 2526:: 2499:. 2477:: 2450:. 2430:: 2406:. 2384:: 2378:4 2354:. 2332:: 2305:. 2283:: 2256:. 2232:: 2224:: 2218:7 2197:. 2175:: 2148:. 2134:: 2107:. 2095:: 2072:. 2058:: 2028:. 2014:: 1987:. 1973:: 1946:. 1932:: 1905:. 1891:: 1877:" 1875:3 1873:β 1856:. 1834:: 1818:3 1816:β 1814:v 1799:. 1777:: 1771:5 1750:. 1736:: 1706:. 1684:: 1657:. 1635:: 1608:. 1586:: 1554:. 1532:: 1498:. 1480:. 212:) 109:) 92::

Index

Aliases
CCN2
OMIM
121009
MGI
95537
HomoloGene
1431
GeneCards
CCN2
OMA
CCN2 - orthologs
Human
Chromosome 6 (human)
Chr.
Chromosome 6 (human)
Chromosome 6 (human)
Genomic location for CCN2
Genomic location for CCN2
Band
bp
bp
Mouse
Chromosome 10 (mouse)
Chr.
Chromosome 10 (mouse)
Genomic location for CCN2
Genomic location for CCN2
Band
bp

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