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360:) they had a competing operating system, MACE. This was the Mansfield And Cahlander Executive (from Greg Mansfield and Dave Cahlander, the authors of the system). It had started as an engineering test executive, but eventually developed into a complete operating system — a modularized rewrite and enhancement of the original Chippewa Operating System (COS). While never an official CDC product, a copy was freely given to any customer who asked for one. Many customers did, especially the more advanced ones (like University and research sites).
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371:(NOS). Though many smaller CDC customers continued to use the SCOPE system rather than Kronos. When NOS became the primary Control Data operating system, some customers running mainly batch operations were reluctant to switch to the NOS system, as they saw no benefit for their shop. So the SCOPE system was maintained, and renamed as NOS/BE (Batch Environment), primarily so that CDC Marketing could say that all mainframe customers were using the NOS operating system.
25:
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257:(PPs). "A central processor (CP)... is completely within the power of every PP at all times." One PP, identified as PP0 runs the Monitor Program (MTR) "that oversees or controls all other activities." PP9 is assigned to control the system console typewriter and displays. The other PPs perform input/output functions as directed by MTR.
225:
machines. The SCOPE operating system is a file-oriented system using mass storage, random access devices. It was designed to make use of all capabilities of CDC 6000 computer systems and exploits fully the multiple-operating modes of all segments of the computer. Main tasks of SCOPE are controlling
226:
job execution, storage assignment, performing segment and overlay loading. Its features include comprehensive input/output functions and library maintenance routines. The operating system chronologically records all jobs run and any problems encountered. To aid debugging,
268:(CMR) "is reserved for various system tables accessible by the PPs.” Part of this CMR is a communications area for each PP. Each communications area contains an "input register" and an "output register", followed by a message buffer.
367:, it considered both the current SCOPE system and the unofficial MACE alternative. They chose to abandon the SCOPE system and base Kronos on the MACE software. Eventually, Kronos was replaced by the new
352:, about 2,000 miles from the CDC hardware division. It was considered by them a buggy and inefficient piece of software, though not much different than many operating systems of the era. At the CDC
668:
340:, and customers were often large government agencies and research facilities. Most of these had specialized requirements, and often wrote their own software.
559:"FIGRO (addendum II): a CDC-6600 computer program for the analysis of fuel swelling and calculation of temperature in bulk-oxide cylindrical fuel elements"
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The computer emulation community has made repeated attempts to recover and preserve CDC software. It is now running under a CDC CYBER and 6000 series
1022:
281:. PP0 will begin running the monitor code. The remaining PPs will loop reading their input registers waiting for requests from the monitor.
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As of SCOPE 3.3 a number of programming language compilers and utilities were supported. Major languages were
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CDC 6000 series SCOPE 3.1 building itself while running on
Desktop CYBER emulator
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Control Data® 6400/6500/6600 Computer
Systems SCOPE 3.1 Reference Manual
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When
Control Data decided to write its next operating system
329:. Other software included IGS (Interactive Graphics System),
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operating system capable of running up to eight jobs, called
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124:(Supervisory Control of Program Execution) is a series of
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NCAR COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS LAB CISL.
260:
A portion of the central processor's memory (called
221:. In the early 1970s, it was renamed NOS/BE for the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
317:, CSSL 3 (Continuous System Simulation Language),
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217:This operating system was based on the original
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16:1960s Control Data Corporation operating systems
356:laboratories (where they referred to SCOPE as
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669:
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358:Sunnyvale's Collection Of Programming Errors
277:, all PP's are loaded with system code from
348:SCOPE was written by a programming team in
1485:Control Data Corporation operating systems
970:
956:
676:
662:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
557:Goldberg, I.; Lynn, L. L. (April 1970).
487:National Center for Atmospheric Research
421:
419:
417:
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413:
208:
621:"System of Ship-Shielding Codes INRADS"
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951:
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
14:
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642:
453:Control Data Corporation (1975).
426:Control Data Corporation (1968).
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1074:Object-oriented operating system
712:
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173:
23:
34:needs additional citations for
1490:Discontinued operating systems
1084:Supercomputer operating system
613:
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550:
525:
508:"The CDC 6600 arrives at CERN"
500:
474:
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343:
237:
1:
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205:SCOPE for the CDC 6000 series
166:SCOPE for the CDC 3000 series
1059:Just enough operating system
1044:Distributed operating system
336:CDC systems were considered
7:
1172:User space and kernel space
649:CDC 6000/70/170 Family Tree
533:"Catalog Search - CDC 6600"
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284:
137:
10:
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1079:Real-time operating system
157:SCOPE and SCOPE-2 for the
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1275:Multilevel feedback queue
1270:Fixed-priority preemptive
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1054:Hobbyist operating system
1049:Embedded operating system
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855:Chippewa Operating System
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253:SCOPE runs on the 6x00's
219:Chippewa Operating System
1318:General protection fault
1069:Network operating system
1023:User features comparison
685:Control Data Corporation
369:Network Operating System
313:). Other languages were
134:developed in the 1960s.
126:Control Data Corporation
1064:Mobile operating system
905:PLATO (computer system)
537:Computer History Museum
266:Central Memory Resident
1167:Loadable kernel module
593:"Software Development"
354:Arden Hills, Minnesota
214:
182:This section is empty.
1235:Process control block
1201:Computer multitasking
1039:Disk operating system
900:Storage Module Device
350:Sunnyvale, California
271:When the computer is
255:peripheral processors
212:
1406:Virtual tape library
998:Forensic engineering
914:Affiliated companies
43:improve this article
1415:Supporting concepts
1401:Virtual file system
1338:Segmentation fault
1186:Process management
462:. pp. 151–152
456:Literature Catalog
333:, and SORT/MERGE.
215:
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1328:Memory protection
1299:Memory management
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1285:Shortest job next
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244:multiprogramming
234:are available.
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184:You can help by
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1371:Defragmentation
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375:Current status
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338:supercomputers
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262:central memory
248:control points
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150:SCOPE for the
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143:SCOPE for the
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1103:Architectures
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789:CDC Cyber 200
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279:magnetic tape
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264:, or CM) the
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1358:file systems
1250:Time-sharing
916:and products
876:
784:CDC STAR-100
704:Seymour Cray
628:. Retrieved
624:
615:
603:. Retrieved
599:
586:
574:. Retrieved
562:
552:
540:. Retrieved
536:
527:
515:. Retrieved
511:
502:
490:. Retrieved
486:
476:
464:. Retrieved
455:
448:
436:. Retrieved
428:
378:
368:
364:
362:
357:
347:
335:
288:
272:
270:
265:
261:
259:
254:
252:
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241:
216:
190:
186:adding to it
181:
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1376:Device file
1366:Boot loader
1280:Round-robin
1205:Cooperative
1141:Rump kernel
1131:Multikernel
1121:Microkernel
1018:Usage share
923:ETA Systems
824:Languages:
344:Competition
274:deadstarted
242:SCOPE is a
238:Description
232:memory maps
58:"CDC SCOPE"
1479:Categories
1306:protection
1262:algorithms
1260:Scheduling
1209:Preemptive
1155:Components
1126:Monolithic
993:Comparison
860:CDC Kronos
692:Key people
483:"CDC 6600"
404:References
393:CDC Kronos
193:March 2023
99:March 2023
69:newspapers
1396:Partition
1313:Bus error
1240:Real-time
1220:Interrupt
1146:Unikernel
1111:Exokernel
937:Cray Inc.
877:CDC SCOPE
802:CDC Cyber
722:Computers
630:March 28,
605:March 28,
591:Ball, D.
576:March 28,
542:March 28,
517:March 28,
492:March 28,
466:March 28,
438:March 28,
323:SIMSCRIPT
311:assembler
223:CDC Cyber
161:/Cyber-76
1442:Live USB
1304:resource
1194:Concepts
1032:Variants
1013:Timeline
895:CDC Wren
811:Software
766:CDC 8600
761:CDC 7600
754:CDC 6600
739:CDC 1700
729:CDC 1604
563:OSTI.gov
387:See also
381:emulator
285:Software
159:CDC 7600
152:CDC 6000
145:CDC 3000
138:Variants
1437:Live CD
1391:Journal
1355:access,
1353:Storage
1230:Process
1136:vkernel
1003:History
986:General
828:COMPASS
571:6720614
307:COMPASS
299:FORTRAN
83:scholar
1245:Thread
1116:Hybrid
1094:Kernel
870:NOS/VE
776:Vector
569:
365:Kronos
327:SIMULA
325:, and
319:JOVIAL
305:, and
154:series
147:series
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1447:Shell
1386:Inode
928:ETA10
843:MIMIC
838:Cybil
833:SYMPL
596:(PDF)
460:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
303:COBOL
295:BASIC
291:ALGOL
228:dumps
129:batch
122:SCOPE
90:JSTOR
76:books
1008:List
851:OS:
632:2023
625:DTIC
607:2023
600:CERN
578:2023
567:OSTI
544:2023
519:2023
512:CERN
494:2023
468:2023
440:2023
331:PERT
230:and
62:news
1464:PXE
1452:CLI
1432:HAL
1422:API
1225:IPC
865:NOS
818:026
398:NOS
315:APT
188:.
45:by
1481::
1207:,
623:.
598:.
565:.
561:.
535:.
510:.
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634:.
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546:.
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496:.
470:.
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309:(
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191:(
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106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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