312:
289:
1445:. CTLA4 binds CD80 and CD86 always stronger than CD28, which allows CTLA4 to compete with CD28 for ligand and suppress effector T cells responses. But it was shown that CD28 and CTLA4 have opposite effect on the T cells stimulation. CD28 acts as a activator and CTLA4 acts as inhibitor. ICOS and CD28 are also closely related genes, but they cannot substitute from one another in function. The opposing roles of CD28 and ICOS compared to CTLA4 cause that these receptors act as a rheostat for the immune response through competitive pro- and anti-inflammatory effects.
211:
186:
3417:
577:
570:
563:
318:
217:
31:
1399:
The structure of the human CD28 protein contains 220 amino acids, encoded by a gene consisting of four exons. It is a glycosylated, disulfide-linked homodimer of 44 kDa expressed on the cell surface. The structure contains paired domains of the V-set immunoglobulin superfamilies (IgSF). These domains
1349:
translocation. The induction of NF-κB seems to be much more dependent on the binding of Gads to both the YMNM and the two proline-rich motifs within the molecule. However, mutation of the final amino acid of the motif, M173, which is unable to bind PI3K but is able to bind Grb2 and Gads, gives little
1382:
domains to CD28 and PIP3 respectively. The C-terminal proline-rich motif in CD28 is important for bringing Lck and lipid rafts into the immune synapse via filamin-A. Mutation of the two prolines within the C-terminal motif results in reduced proliferation and IL-2 production but normal induction of
1296:
As a homodimer with Ig domains, CD28 binds B7 molecules on APCs, promoting T cell proliferation, differentiation, growth factor production, and the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. While CD28 is crucial for T cell activation, particularly in initial immune responses, some antigen-experienced T
1350:
NF-κB or IL-2, suggesting that those Grb2 and Gads are unable to compensate for the loss of PI3K. IL-2 transcription appears to have two stages; a Y170-dependent, PI3K-dependent initial phase which allows transcription and a PI3K-independent second phase which is dependent on formation of an
57:
1288:
in humans. However, some T cells lose CD28 expression during activation, particularly antigen-experienced T cells, which can be re-activated independently of CD28. These CD28 T cells are often antigen-specific, terminally differentiated, and categorized as
1377:
binds the C-terminal. Both Itk and Lck are able to phosphorylate the tyrosine residues which then allow binding of SH2 containing proteins to CD28. Binding of Tec to CD28 enhances IL-2 production, dependent on binding of its SH3 and
1416:
CD28 belongs into group members of a subfamily of costimulatory molecules that are characterized by an extracellular variable immunoglobulin-like domain. Members of this subfamily also include homologous receptors
325:
224:
1341:, but has no effect on proliferation and results a slight reduction in IL-2 production. The N172 residue (as part of the YMNM) is important for the binding of Grb2 and Gads and seems to be able to induce IL-2
1408:-analogous loops. In the CD28-CD80 complex, the two CD80 molecules converge such that their membrane proximal domains collide sterically, despite the availability of both ligand binding sites for CD28.
2673:"Single administration of p2TA (AB103), a CD28 antagonist peptide, prevents inflammatory and thrombotic reactions and protects against gastrointestinal injury in total-body irradiated mice"
1690:
Diaz D, Chara L, Chevarria J, Ubeda M, Muñoz L, Barcenilla H, et al. (2011). "Loss of surface antigens is a conserved feature of apoptotic lymphocytes from several mammalian species".
5494:
3107:
Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA, Ellis P, Cornall A, Lidman M (April 2003). "HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication".
3416:
2387:"Expression of CD28 and CD86 by human eosinophils and role in the secretion of type 1 cytokines (interleukin 2 and interferon gamma): inhibition by immunoglobulin a complexes"
1433:. Nevertheless, only CD28 is expressed constitutively on mouse T cells, whereas ICOS and CTLA4 are induce by T cells receptor stimulation and in response to cytokines such as
1499:
Other potential drugs in pre-clinical development are agonist CD28 aptamers with immunostimulatory properties in a mouse tumor model, a monoclonal anti-CD28 Fab´ antibody
4318:
2309:
Walunas TL, Lenschow DJ, Bakker CY, Linsley PS, Freeman GJ, Green JM, et al. (August 1994). "CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T cell activation".
1383:
Bcl-xL. Phosphorylation of a tyrosine within the PYAP motif (Y191 in the mature human CD28) forms a high affinity-binding site for the SH2 domain of the src kinase
1277:. CD28 is also expressed on bone marrow stromal cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, although its function in these cells is not fully understood.
3457:
5487:
1927:"A motif in the V3 domain of the kinase PKC-θ determines its localization in the immunological synapse and functions in T cells via association with CD28"
940:
147:
2526:"Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4"
921:
1974:
Carreno BM, Collins M (April 2002). "The B7 family of ligands and its receptors: new pathways for costimulation and inhibition of immune responses".
5936:
5480:
4308:
1882:
Schneider H, Cai YC, Prasad KV, Shoelson SE, Rudd CE (April 1995). "T cell antigen CD28 binds to the GRB-2/SOS complex, regulators of p21ras".
3324:
2068:
Evans EJ, Esnouf RM, Manso-Sancho R, Gilbert RJ, James JR, Yu C, et al. (March 2005). "Crystal structure of a soluble CD28-Fab complex".
3435:
1623:
1605:
1305:
CD28 possesses an intracellular domain with several residues that are critical for its effective signaling. The YMNM motif beginning at
4288:
1230:
signals required for T cell activation and survival. When T cells are stimulated through CD28 in conjunction with the T-cell receptor (
1156:
5150:
3474:
3450:
3335:
2879:"Two distinct intracytoplasmic regions of the T-cell adhesion molecule CD28 participate in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase association"
1544:
1163:
2485:"B7/CD28 costimulation is essential for the homeostasis of the CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells that control autoimmune diabetes"
5798:
4881:
3179:
Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, Pedersen SF, Duch M (April 2004). "HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef".
4869:
4647:
2830:"Signal transduction by CD28 costimulatory receptor on T cells. B7-1 and B7-2 regulation of tyrosine kinase adaptor molecules"
4933:
4928:
4874:
4654:
3396:
3052:
1825:"T-cell antigen CD28 interacts with the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by a cytoplasmic Tyr(P)-Met-Xaa-Met motif"
1588:
6009:
6004:
4387:
4313:
3443:
54:
3341:
5929:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
4328:
1567:
1405:
5381:
3146:"[The HIV nef and the Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus K3/K5 proteins: "parasites"of the endocytosis pathway]"
311:
4617:
1266:
2732:"GRID: a novel Grb-2-related adapter protein that interacts with the activated T cell costimulatory receptor CD28"
1400:
are linked to individual transmembrane domains and cytoplasmic domains that contain critical signaling motifs. As
5185:
4679:
4365:
2346:"Roquin differentiates the specialized functions of duplicated T cell costimulatory receptor genes CD28 and ICOS"
1592:
1571:
1426:
288:
5922:
4824:
4360:
3070:
Bour-Jordan H, Blueston JA (January 2002). "CD28 function: a balance of costimulatory and regulatory signals".
985:
3465:
5686:
5321:
4793:
4788:
4733:
4467:
3916:
966:
5015:
4738:
210:
185:
127:
2624:"Preclinical efficacy and immunological safety of FR104, an antagonist anti-CD28 monovalent Fab' antibody"
2011:"Crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain of human B7-2: insights into organization and signaling"
4333:
1512:
1641:
Gray Parkin K, Stephan RP, Apilado RG, Lill-Elghanian DA, Lee KP, Saha B, et al. (September 2002).
5945:
5503:
5045:
3470:
2781:"Grb2 forms an inducible protein complex with CD28 through a Src homology 3 domain-proline interaction"
324:
223:
1354:, which results in enhancement of IL-2 mRNA stability. Both are required for full production of IL-2.
3911:
3389:
317:
216:
5914:
3031:
Chang TT, Kuchroo VK, Sharpe AH (2002). "Role of the B7-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in autoimmune disease".
1465:
of CD28. Unfortunately, it is often ignored that the same receptors also exist on cells other than
114:
5095:
3990:
3425:: Crystal structure of human CD28 in complex with the Fab fragment of a mitogenic antibody (5.11A1)
3329:
2573:
Pastor F, Soldevilla MM, Villanueva H, Kolonias D, Inoges S, de Cerio AL, et al. (June 2013).
2154:"T-cell antigen CD28 mediates adhesion with B cells by interacting with activation antigen B7/BB-1"
1251:
1114:
1110:
1059:
1055:
135:
2671:
Mirzoeva S, Paunesku T, Wanzer MB, Shirvan A, Kaempfer R, Woloschak GE, et al. (2014-07-23).
5895:
5059:
1373:
are able to bind to the N-terminal of these two motifs which immediately succeeds the Y170 YMNM;
1139:
1118:
1084:
1063:
5876:
5653:
5643:
5566:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4382:
3689:
3617:
1470:
1458:
5556:
3746:
3664:
2344:
Linterman MA, Rigby RJ, Wong R, Silva D, Withers D, Anderson G, et al. (February 2009).
1987:
1496:
in mouse model. But there is less data from patients on the role of CD28 in human diseases.
5949:
4983:
4696:
3382:
2684:
2165:
2022:
1836:
199:
2622:
Poirier N, Mary C, Dilek N, Hervouet J, Minault D, Blancho G, et al. (October 2012).
2483:
Salomon B, Lenschow DJ, Rhee L, Ashourian N, Singh B, Sharpe A, et al. (April 2000).
1823:
Prasad KV, Cai YC, Raab M, Duckworth B, Cantley L, Shoelson SE, et al. (March 1994).
1297:
cells can function without it, marking their differentiation into cytotoxic memory cells.
155:
8:
5010:
4829:
3347:
3208:
Anderson JL, Hope TJ (April 2004). "HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell".
2877:
Pagès F, Ragueneau M, Klasen S, Battifora M, Couez D, Sweet R, et al. (April 1996).
2524:
Tivol EA, Borriello F, Schweitzer AN, Lynch WP, Bluestone JA, Sharpe AH (November 1995).
5472:
3247:"Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions"
2973:
Lenschow DJ, Walunas TL, Bluestone JA (1996). "CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation".
2688:
2169:
2026:
1840:
1643:"Expression of CD28 by bone marrow stromal cells and its involvement in B lymphopoiesis"
4417:
4151:
3276:
3233:
3132:
3095:
2956:
2931:
2908:
2859:
2810:
2761:
2707:
2672:
2653:
2599:
2574:
2555:
2465:
2434:
Woerly G, Lacy P, Younes AB, Roger N, Loiseau S, Moqbel R, et al. (October 2002).
2411:
2386:
2286:
2261:
2242:
2213:"CTLA-4 overexpression inhibits T cell responses through a CD28-B7-dependent mechanism"
2129:
2104:
1951:
1926:
1925:
Kong KF, Yokosuka T, Canonigo-Balancio AJ, Isakov N, Saito T, Altman A (October 2011).
1907:
1800:
1775:
1751:
1726:
1672:
1493:
159:
2501:
2484:
2045:
2010:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
3363:
3354:
3305:
3268:
3225:
3196:
3167:
3124:
3087:
3058:
3048:
3019:
3015:
2990:
2986:
2961:
2900:
2851:
2802:
2753:
2712:
2645:
2640:
2623:
2604:
2547:
2542:
2525:
2506:
2457:
2416:
2367:
2326:
2322:
2291:
2234:
2193:
2188:
2153:
2134:
2085:
2050:
1991:
1956:
1899:
1864:
1859:
1824:
1805:
1756:
1707:
1664:
1457:, which was produced by the German biotech company TeGenero, and unexpectedly caused
107:
47:
3280:
3237:
3136:
3099:
2912:
2863:
2814:
2765:
2559:
2469:
1911:
1676:
5616:
5190:
4923:
4844:
4407:
3600:
3526:
3297:
3258:
3217:
3188:
3157:
3116:
3079:
3040:
3011:
2982:
2951:
2943:
2890:
2841:
2792:
2743:
2702:
2692:
2635:
2594:
2586:
2537:
2496:
2447:
2406:
2398:
2357:
2318:
2281:
2273:
2246:
2224:
2183:
2173:
2124:
2116:
2077:
2040:
2030:
1983:
1946:
1938:
1891:
1854:
1844:
1795:
1787:
1746:
1738:
1699:
1654:
1486:
404:
335:
279:
234:
2657:
1703:
139:
5250:
3786:
3781:
3704:
2947:
2748:
2731:
2697:
2436:"Human eosinophils express and release IL-13 following CD28-dependent activation"
2362:
2345:
2262:"CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation"
1742:
1265:. In the absence of CD28:B7 interaction, a naive T cell's TCR engagement with an
1231:
379:
163:
3162:
3145:
3002:
Greenfield EA, Nguyen KA, Kuchroo VK (1998). "CD28/B7 costimulation: a review".
2730:
Ellis JH, Ashman C, Burden MN, Kilpatrick KE, Morse MA, Hamblin PA (June 2000).
2229:
2212:
1659:
1642:
1628:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1610:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
5783:
5612:
5571:
5035:
4457:
3968:
3771:
3301:
2158:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2015:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1829:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1482:
1351:
1290:
1227:
480:
3221:
3083:
2385:
Woerly G, Roger N, Loiseau S, Dombrowicz D, Capron A, Capron M (August 1999).
5998:
5755:
5727:
5005:
4462:
3553:
3192:
2797:
2780:
1478:
1474:
1434:
1334:
1239:
605:
576:
569:
3288:
Stove V, Verhasselt B (January 2006). "Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects".
2895:
2878:
2178:
540:
418:
5361:
4669:
4659:
4190:
4156:
3309:
3272:
3229:
3200:
3171:
3128:
3091:
3062:
2965:
2846:
2829:
2757:
2716:
2649:
2608:
2510:
2461:
2420:
2371:
2238:
2138:
2089:
2054:
2035:
1995:
1960:
1895:
1849:
1809:
1760:
1711:
1668:
1462:
1262:
1258:
562:
397:
176:
3263:
3246:
3023:
2994:
2904:
2855:
2806:
2551:
2402:
2330:
2295:
2277:
2197:
1903:
1868:
1203:
1198:
5578:
5371:
5020:
4798:
4773:
4472:
4094:
4020:
3494:
2590:
2452:
2435:
1235:
1030:
1011:
5587:
5533:
5529:
5512:
5301:
5025:
4706:
4447:
4323:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3801:
3585:
3120:
1640:
1466:
1437:. CD28 and CTLA4 are very homologous and compete for the same ligand –
1370:
1366:
1362:
1310:
296:
193:
143:
3044:
1791:
84:
80:
76:
5944:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
1379:
885:
363:
350:
262:
249:
151:
2120:
1942:
5446:
5346:
5160:
5145:
4348:
4343:
4251:
3941:
2930:
Esensten JH, Helou YA, Chopra G, Weiss A, Bluestone JA (May 2016).
2081:
1924:
1725:
Esensten JH, Helou YA, Chopra G, Weiss A, Bluestone JA (May 2016).
1306:
1187:
2572:
1388:
1346:
811:
positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
5807:
5741:
5673:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5286:
5100:
5090:
4917:
4896:
4891:
4859:
4664:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4482:
4175:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3466:
3368:
3358:
3178:
2105:"Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition"
1503:, or an octapeptide AB103, which prevents CD28 homodimerization.
1500:
1454:
1358:
1270:
1223:
1219:
997:
952:
870:
866:
1338:
131:
5973:
5750:
5604:
5521:
5336:
5296:
5281:
5265:
5260:
5240:
5235:
5170:
4978:
4948:
4912:
4903:
4716:
4684:
4548:
4543:
4513:
4492:
4452:
4412:
4278:
4256:
4215:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3921:
3906:
3776:
3766:
3729:
3724:
3642:
3637:
1531:
1422:
1401:
1326:
1274:
1171:
907:
3374:
2067:
786:
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
585:
5978:
5843:
5763:
5538:
5461:
5436:
5356:
5351:
5341:
5331:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5291:
5245:
5230:
5195:
5180:
5175:
5165:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5054:
5050:
5040:
4953:
4854:
4849:
4808:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4728:
4721:
4701:
4689:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4600:
4538:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4508:
4487:
4477:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4377:
4372:
4338:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4283:
4271:
4266:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4185:
4077:
4072:
3891:
3875:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3818:
3796:
3791:
3684:
3610:
3605:
3595:
2876:
2670:
2523:
1519:
1492:
It is known that CD28 and CTL4 may be critical regulators of
1418:
1322:
30:
3353:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
2482:
2384:
2308:
5983:
5963:
5903:
5881:
5856:
5851:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5815:
5788:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5691:
5681:
5658:
5648:
5582:
5561:
5551:
5546:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5376:
5366:
5326:
5255:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5155:
5125:
5030:
4998:
4993:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4943:
4938:
4839:
4834:
4803:
4783:
4778:
4768:
4763:
4642:
4595:
4555:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4180:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4146:
4104:
4099:
4089:
4084:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
3963:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3901:
3896:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3741:
3736:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3694:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3573:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3106:
2729:
1525:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1314:
1247:
1243:
2009:
Zhang X, Schwartz JC, Almo SC, Nathenson SG (March 2003).
2008:
1881:
1473:
where its ligation with anti-CD28 leads to the release of
5707:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5621:
5502:
4968:
3580:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3521:
3489:
2828:
Nunès JA, Truneh A, Olive D, Cantrell DA (January 1996).
2210:
1384:
1374:
1285:
1281:
816:
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
2972:
2929:
2827:
2621:
1724:
791:
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
387:
3001:
2343:
1689:
644:
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity
2575:"CD28 aptamers as powerful immune response modulators"
1822:
771:
positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
2433:
2151:
1325:. The Y170 residue is important for the induction of
1309:
170 in particular is critical for the recruitment of
1293:. The proportion of CD28 T cells increases with age.
552:
3245:
Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, Bukrinsky M, Zhao RY (2006).
2211:
Engelhardt JJ, Sullivan TJ, Allison JP (July 2006).
3367:(T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28) at the
3069:
1774:Mou D, Espinosa J, Lo DJ, Kirk AD (November 2014).
826:
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process
3244:
3030:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1563:
1561:
1559:
2778:
1773:
836:positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
334:
233:
5996:
3143:
2152:Linsley PS, Clark EA, Ledbetter JA (July 1990).
1776:"CD28 negative T cells: is their loss our gain?"
821:positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
3287:
2932:"CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy"
1727:"CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy"
1577:
1556:
831:positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
806:positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
796:positive regulation of viral genome replication
721:regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
2259:
1973:
1589:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026012
5930:
5488:
3451:
3390:
1280:Typically, CD28 is expressed on about 50% of
3207:
2723:
2061:
2870:
2821:
2772:
1568:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178562
766:positive regulation of T cell proliferation
5937:
5923:
5495:
5481:
3458:
3444:
3397:
3383:
3475:list of human clusters of differentiation
3262:
3161:
2955:
2894:
2845:
2796:
2747:
2706:
2696:
2639:
2598:
2541:
2500:
2451:
2410:
2361:
2285:
2228:
2187:
2177:
2128:
2102:
2044:
2034:
1950:
1858:
1848:
1799:
1750:
1658:
1545:List of human clusters of differentiation
1387:which in turn binds to the serine kinase
1234:), it enhances the production of various
700:protein complex involved in cell adhesion
1988:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806
1469:. CD28 has also been found to stimulate
1313:-domain containing proteins, especially
846:negative regulation of apoptotic process
3144:Bénichou S, Benmerah A (January 2003).
2779:Okkenhaug K, Rottapel R (August 1998).
751:cell surface receptor signaling pathway
5997:
2260:Krummel MF, Allison JP (August 1995).
1411:
756:positive regulation of gene expression
741:negative regulation of gene expression
5918:
5476:
3439:
3378:
1218:(Cluster of Differentiation 28) is a
680:integral component of plasma membrane
339:
300:
295:
238:
197:
192:
2391:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
2266:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
731:mitigation of host defenses by virus
2883:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2834:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2785:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2628:American Journal of Transplantation
1780:American Journal of Transplantation
1448:
1361:-rich motifs that are able to bind
1261:receptor consistently expressed on
13:
3033:Current Directions in Autoimmunity
2922:
851:regulation of T cell proliferation
736:positive regulation of translation
14:
6021:
3318:
801:T cell receptor signaling pathway
716:regulatory T cell differentiation
16:Mammalian protein found in humans
3415:
3016:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v18.i5.10
2987:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.233
2641:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04164.x
2579:Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
1242:. CD28 serves as a receptor for
746:negative thymic T cell selection
690:external side of plasma membrane
575:
568:
561:
323:
316:
310:
287:
222:
215:
209:
184:
29:
3404:
2664:
2615:
2566:
2517:
2476:
2427:
2378:
2337:
2302:
2253:
2204:
2145:
2103:Chen L, Flies DB (April 2013).
2096:
2002:
1967:
1918:
1875:
1506:
3072:Journal of Clinical Immunology
3004:Critical Reviews in Immunology
1884:European Journal of Immunology
1816:
1767:
1718:
1683:
1634:
1616:
1598:
660:integral component of membrane
586:More reference expression data
541:More reference expression data
1:
2502:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80195-8
1704:10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.06.018
1550:
1284:T cells and more than 80% of
308:
207:
2948:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.020
2749:10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5805
2698:10.1371/journal.pone.0101161
2543:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90125-6
2440:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
2363:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.12.015
2323:10.1016/1074-7613(94)90071-x
1743:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.020
1404:, CD28 share highly similar
1394:
1300:
7:
6010:Clusters of differentiation
6005:Genes on human chromosome 2
3471:clusters of differentiation
2975:Annual Review of Immunology
2230:10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.1052
1976:Annual Review of Immunology
1660:10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2292
1538:
781:apoptotic signaling pathway
519:subcutaneous adipose tissue
10:
6026:
5946:Immunoglobulin superfamily
5504:Cluster of differentiation
3346:gene details page in the
3302:10.2174/157016206775197583
2109:Nature Reviews. Immunology
1250:(B7.2), proteins found on
523:sternocleidomastoid muscle
5956:
5894:
5869:
5842:
5806:
5797:
5749:
5740:
5720:
5700:
5672:
5603:
5596:
5520:
5511:
5274:
5068:
4817:
4501:
4224:
3884:
3482:
3410:
3222:10.1007/s11904-004-0007-x
3163:10.1051/medsci/2003191100
1624:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1606:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1202:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1170:
1157:Chr 2: 203.71 – 203.74 Mb
1151:
1136:
1132:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1081:
1077:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1028:
1024:
1009:
1005:
996:
983:
979:
964:
960:
951:
938:
934:
919:
915:
906:
891:
884:
880:
864:
634:identical protein binding
604:
600:
583:
560:
551:
538:
487:
478:
425:
416:
386:
378:
374:
357:
344:
307:
286:
277:
273:
256:
243:
206:
183:
174:
170:
125:
122:
112:
105:
100:
73:
68:
51:
46:
41:
37:
28:
23:
3210:Current HIV/AIDS Reports
3193:10.2174/1570162043484924
2798:10.1074/jbc.273.33.21194
1252:antigen-presenting cells
1226:that provides essential
3084:10.1023/A:1014256417651
2896:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9403
2179:10.1073/pnas.87.13.5031
1511:CD28 has been shown to
1471:eosinophil granulocytes
1357:CD28 also contains two
1164:Chr 1: 60.76 – 60.81 Mb
761:humoral immune response
503:vastus lateralis muscle
3330:Human CD Antigen Chart
3325:Mouse CD Antigen Chart
3109:Journal of Biosciences
2847:10.1074/jbc.271.3.1591
2036:10.1073/pnas.252771499
1896:10.1002/eji.1830250428
1850:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2834
1459:multiple organ failure
1365:-containing proteins.
639:protein kinase binding
511:triceps brachii muscle
507:mesenteric lymph nodes
5950:CD28 family receptors
3264:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370
2736:Journal of Immunology
2403:10.1084/jem.190.4.487
2278:10.1084/jem.182.2.459
2217:Journal of Immunology
1647:Journal of Immunology
856:immune system process
685:immunological synapse
118:, Tp44, CD28 molecule
3340:genome location and
3290:Current HIV Research
3181:Current HIV Research
2591:10.1038/mtna.2013.26
2453:10.1189/jlb.72.4.769
1291:memory T cells (TMs)
726:T cell costimulation
341:1 C2|1 30.52 cM
302:Chromosome 1 (mouse)
200:Chromosome 2 (human)
69:List of PDB id codes
42:Available structures
3348:UCSC Genome Browser
2791:(33): 21194–21202.
2689:2014PLoSO...9j1161M
2170:1990PNAS...87.5031L
2027:2003PNAS..100.2586Z
1841:1994PNAS...91.2834P
1692:Cellular Immunology
1494:autoimmune diseases
1412:CD28 family members
1333:and enhancement of
619:coreceptor activity
445:epithelium of colon
3257:(11–12): 923–934.
3121:10.1007/BF02970151
1345:stability but not
1337:transcription via
986:ENSMUSG00000026012
709:Biological process
653:Cellular component
612:Molecular function
5992:
5991:
5912:
5911:
5890:
5889:
5870:All (pan-myeloid)
5865:
5864:
5736:
5735:
5716:
5715:
5470:
5469:
3433:
3432:
3150:Medecine Sciences
3054:978-3-8055-7308-5
3045:10.1159/000060550
2889:(16): 9403–9409.
2742:(11): 5805–5814.
2634:(10): 2630–2640.
2164:(13): 5031–5035.
2070:Nature Immunology
1937:(11): 1105–1112.
1931:Nature Immunology
1792:10.1111/ajt.12937
1786:(11): 2460–2466.
1273:complex leads to
1257:CD28 is the only
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1182:
1181:
1147:
1146:
1126:
1125:
1092:
1091:
1071:
1070:
1037:
1036:
1018:
1017:
992:
991:
973:
972:
947:
946:
928:
927:
876:
875:
841:T cell activation
596:
595:
592:
591:
547:
546:
534:
533:
472:
471:
370:
369:
269:
268:
96:
95:
92:
91:
52:Ortholog search:
6017:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5916:
5915:
5804:
5803:
5747:
5746:
5601:
5600:
5518:
5517:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5474:
5473:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3419:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3313:
3284:
3266:
3241:
3204:
3175:
3165:
3140:
3103:
3066:
3027:
2998:
2969:
2959:
2917:
2916:
2898:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2849:
2840:(3): 1591–1598.
2825:
2819:
2818:
2800:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2751:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2643:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2545:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2455:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2232:
2223:(2): 1052–1061.
2208:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2021:(5): 2586–2591.
2006:
2000:
1999:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1890:(4): 1044–1050.
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1835:(7): 2834–2838.
1820:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1662:
1653:(5): 2292–2302.
1638:
1632:
1631:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1586:
1575:
1565:
1461:in trials, is a
1449:As a drug target
1195:
1194:
1166:
1159:
1142:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1101:
1100:
1097:RefSeq (protein)
1087:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1046:
1045:
1022:
1021:
1003:
1002:
977:
976:
958:
957:
932:
931:
913:
912:
882:
881:
624:protease binding
602:
601:
588:
579:
572:
565:
558:
557:
543:
483:
481:Top expressed in
476:
475:
421:
419:Top expressed in
414:
413:
393:
392:
376:
375:
366:
353:
342:
327:
320:
314:
303:
291:
275:
274:
265:
252:
241:
226:
219:
213:
202:
188:
172:
171:
166:
164:CD28 - orthologs
117:
110:
87:
66:
65:
60:
39:
38:
33:
21:
20:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6014:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5952:
5943:
5913:
5908:
5886:
5861:
5838:
5793:
5754:
5732:
5712:
5696:
5668:
5592:
5507:
5501:
5471:
5466:
5270:
5064:
4813:
4497:
4220:
3880:
3478:
3464:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3406:
3403:
3321:
3316:
3055:
2925:
2923:Further reading
2920:
2875:
2871:
2826:
2822:
2777:
2773:
2728:
2724:
2669:
2665:
2620:
2616:
2571:
2567:
2522:
2518:
2481:
2477:
2432:
2428:
2383:
2379:
2342:
2338:
2307:
2303:
2258:
2254:
2209:
2205:
2150:
2146:
2121:10.1038/nri3405
2101:
2097:
2066:
2062:
2007:
2003:
1972:
1968:
1943:10.1038/ni.2120
1923:
1919:
1880:
1876:
1821:
1817:
1772:
1768:
1723:
1719:
1688:
1684:
1639:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1587:
1578:
1566:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1509:
1451:
1414:
1397:
1303:
1238:, particularly
1204:View/Edit Mouse
1199:View/Edit Human
1162:
1155:
1152:Location (UCSC)
1138:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1083:
1062:
1058:
1054:
967:ENSG00000178562
860:
776:immune response
704:
675:plasma membrane
648:
629:protein binding
584:
574:
573:
567:
566:
539:
530:
525:
521:
517:
515:temporal muscle
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
479:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
417:
361:
348:
340:
330:
329:
328:
321:
301:
278:Gene location (
260:
247:
239:
229:
228:
227:
220:
198:
175:Gene location (
126:
113:
106:
75:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6023:
6013:
6012:
6007:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5953:
5942:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5919:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5848:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5827:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5613:Pan-T antigens
5609:
5607:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5575:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5500:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4588:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
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3779:
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3769:
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3351:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3319:External links
3317:
3315:
3314:
3285:
3242:
3205:
3187:(2): 141–151.
3176:
3156:(1): 100–106.
3141:
3115:(3): 323–335.
3104:
3067:
3053:
3028:
3010:(5): 389–418.
2999:
2970:
2942:(5): 973–988.
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2869:
2820:
2771:
2722:
2683:(7): e101161.
2663:
2614:
2565:
2536:(5): 541–547.
2516:
2495:(4): 431–440.
2475:
2446:(4): 769–779.
2426:
2397:(4): 487–495.
2377:
2356:(2): 228–241.
2336:
2317:(5): 405–413.
2301:
2272:(2): 459–465.
2252:
2203:
2144:
2115:(4): 227–242.
2095:
2082:10.1038/ni1170
2060:
2001:
1966:
1917:
1874:
1815:
1766:
1737:(5): 973–988.
1717:
1698:(1): 163–172.
1682:
1633:
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1410:
1396:
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1352:immune synapse
1302:
1299:
1228:co-stimulatory
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473:
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454:
453:amniotic fluid
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
422:
410:
409:
401:
390:
384:
383:
380:RNA expression
372:
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368:
367:
359:
355:
354:
346:
343:
338:
332:
331:
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315:
309:
305:
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196:
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62:
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50:
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34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6022:
6011:
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5809:
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5796:
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5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5756:Myelomonocyte
5752:
5748:
5745:
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5739:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5709:
5706:
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4280:
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4019:
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4009:
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4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
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3992:
3989:
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3256:
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3251:Cell Research
3248:
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2527:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:naive T cells
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:expressed on
1221:
1217:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:RefSeq (mRNA)
1040:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
988:
987:
982:
978:
975:
969:
968:
963:
959:
956:
954:
950:
943:
942:
937:
933:
930:
924:
923:
918:
914:
911:
909:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
890:
887:
883:
879:
872:
868:
863:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
711:
708:
707:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
655:
652:
651:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:Gene ontology
603:
599:
587:
582:
578:
571:
564:
559:
556:
554:
550:
542:
537:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
486:
482:
477:
474:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
424:
420:
415:
412:
411:
408:
406:
402:
400:
399:
395:
394:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
360:
356:
352:
347:
337:
333:
326:
319:
313:
306:
298:
294:
290:
285:
281:
276:
272:
264:
259:
255:
251:
246:
236:
232:
225:
218:
212:
205:
201:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
88:
86:
82:
78:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5968:
5663:
4988:
4908:
4886:
4864:
4711:
4674:
4637:
4590:
4560:
4533:
4355:
4261:
4109:
3838:
3699:
3590:
3422:
3362:
3342:
3336:
3296:(1): 57–64.
3293:
3289:
3254:
3250:
3216:(1): 47–53.
3213:
3209:
3184:
3180:
3153:
3149:
3112:
3108:
3075:
3071:
3036:
3032:
3007:
3003:
2978:
2974:
2939:
2935:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2076:(3): 271–9.
2073:
2069:
2063:
2018:
2014:
2004:
1982:(1): 29–53.
1979:
1975:
1969:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1510:
1507:Interactions
1498:
1491:
1463:superagonist
1452:
1429:, PD1H, and
1415:
1398:
1356:
1304:
1295:
1286:CD4+ T cells
1279:
1256:
1236:interleukins
1215:
1214:
1137:
1115:NP_001230007
1111:NP_001230006
1108:
1082:
1060:NM_001243078
1056:NM_001243077
1053:
1029:
1010:
984:
965:
939:
920:
900:
895:
695:cell surface
403:
396:
261:203,738,912
248:203,706,475
123:External IDs
74:
18:
5579:plasma cell
5562:CD23/FcεRII
3405:PDB gallery
3039:: 113–130.
2981:: 233–258.
1467:lymphocytes
1246:(B7.1) and
449:gallbladder
441:granulocyte
362:60,812,518
349:60,755,959
101:Identifiers
5999:Categories
5534:CD10/CALLA
5530:Pre-B cell
5506:by lineage
3473:(see also
3078:(1): 1–7.
2585:(6): e98.
1595:, May 2017
1574:, May 2017
1551:References
429:lymph node
407:(ortholog)
144:HomoloGene
5957:receptors
5896:Stem cell
5687:CD56/NCAM
1453:The drug
1395:Structure
1301:Signaling
1140:NP_031668
1119:NP_006130
1085:NM_007642
1064:NM_006139
886:Orthologs
152:GeneCards
5557:CD21/CR2
5545:mature:
5513:Lymphoid
3467:Proteins
3310:16454711
3281:24253878
3273:16354571
3238:34731265
3230:16091223
3201:15078178
3172:12836198
3137:33749514
3129:12734410
3100:38060684
3092:11958588
3063:11826754
2966:27192564
2936:Immunity
2913:12566111
2864:37740924
2815:39280280
2766:25739159
2758:10820259
2717:25054224
2677:PloS One
2650:22759318
2609:23756353
2560:46680106
2530:Immunity
2511:10795741
2489:Immunity
2470:10820672
2462:12377947
2421:10449520
2372:19217324
2350:Immunity
2311:Immunity
2239:16818761
2139:23470321
2090:15696168
2055:12606712
1996:11861596
1961:21964608
1912:23540587
1810:25323029
1761:27192564
1731:Immunity
1712:21745657
1677:22737782
1669:12193694
1591:–
1570:–
1539:See also
1513:interact
1307:tyrosine
1254:(APCs).
1188:Wikidata
865:Sources:
670:membrane
433:appendix
5808:CFU-Meg
5742:Myeloid
5674:NK cell
5275:301–350
5069:251–300
5021:CD240CE
4818:201–250
4502:151–200
4225:101–150
3369:PDBe-KB
3359:UniProt
3024:9784967
2995:8717514
2957:4932896
2905:8621607
2856:8576157
2807:9694876
2708:4108308
2685:Bibcode
2600:3696906
2552:7584144
2412:2195599
2331:7882171
2296:7543139
2287:2192127
2247:7990944
2198:2164219
2166:Bibcode
2130:3786574
2023:Bibcode
1952:3197934
1904:7737275
1869:8146197
1837:Bibcode
1801:4886707
1752:4932896
1593:Ensembl
1572:Ensembl
1455:TGN1412
1359:proline
1271:antigen
1224:T cells
1220:protein
998:UniProt
953:Ensembl
892:Species
871:QuickGO
665:cytosol
382:pattern
108:Aliases
5974:CTLA-4
5751:CFU-GM
5605:T cell
5522:B cell
5282:CD300A
5241:CDw293
5026:CD240D
4887:CD213a
4865:CDw210
4830:CD202b
4804:CDw199
4799:CDw198
4453:CD140b
3885:51–100
3364:P10747
3334:Human
3308:
3279:
3271:
3236:
3228:
3199:
3170:
3135:
3127:
3098:
3090:
3061:
3051:
3022:
2993:
2964:
2954:
2911:
2903:
2862:
2854:
2813:
2805:
2764:
2756:
2715:
2705:
2658:715661
2656:
2648:
2607:
2597:
2558:
2550:
2509:
2468:
2460:
2419:
2409:
2370:
2329:
2294:
2284:
2245:
2237:
2196:
2186:
2137:
2127:
2088:
2053:
2046:151384
2043:
1994:
1959:
1949:
1910:
1902:
1867:
1857:
1808:
1798:
1759:
1749:
1710:
1675:
1667:
1532:PIK3R1
1528:, and
1515:with:
1327:Bcl-xL
1275:anergy
1174:search
1172:PubMed
1031:P31041
1012:P10747
908:Entrez
553:BioGPS
527:morula
499:spleen
491:thymus
465:spleen
461:tonsil
457:thymus
240:2q33.2
132:186760
5844:CFU-E
5764:CD11c
5588:CD138
5567:CD127
5539:CD79A
5462:CD350
5457:CD349
5452:CD344
5447:CD340
5442:CD339
5437:CD338
5432:CD337
5427:CD336
5422:CD335
5417:CD334
5412:CD333
5407:CD332
5402:CD331
5397:CD329
5392:CD328
5387:CD327
5382:CD326
5377:CD325
5372:CD324
5367:CD322
5362:CD321
5357:CD320
5352:CD318
5347:CD317
5342:CD316
5337:CD315
5332:CD314
5327:CD312
5322:CD309
5317:CD307
5312:CD306
5307:CD305
5302:CD304
5297:CD303
5292:CD302
5287:CD301
5266:CD299
5261:CD298
5256:CD297
5251:CD295
5246:CD294
5236:CD292
5231:CD290
5226:CD289
5221:CD288
5216:CD286
5211:CD284
5206:CD283
5201:CD282
5196:CD281
5191:CD280
5186:CD279
5181:CD278
5176:CD276
5171:CD275
5166:CD274
5161:CD273
5156:CD272
5151:CD271
5146:CD269
5141:CD268
5136:CD267
5131:CD266
5126:CD265
5121:CD264
5116:CD263
5111:CD262
5106:CD261
5101:CD258
5096:CD257
5091:CD256
5086:CD254
5081:CD253
5076:CD252
5060:CD249
5055:CD248
5051:CD247
5046:CD246
5041:CD244
5036:CD243
5031:CD241
5016:CD239
5011:CD238
5006:CD236
4989:CD235
4984:CD234
4979:CD233
4974:CD230
4969:CD229
4964:CD228
4959:CD227
4954:CD226
4949:CD225
4944:CD224
4939:CD223
4934:CD222
4929:CD221
4924:CD220
4909:CD218
4904:CD217
4882:CD212
4860:CD209
4855:CD208
4850:CD207
4845:CD206
4840:CD205
4835:CD204
4825:CD201
4809:CD200
4794:CD197
4789:CD196
4784:CD195
4779:CD194
4774:CD193
4769:CD192
4764:CD191
4759:CD186
4754:CD185
4749:CD184
4744:CD183
4739:CD182
4734:CD181
4729:CD180
4712:CD179
4707:CD178
4702:CD177
4697:CD174
4675:CD172
4670:CD171
4665:CD170
4660:CD169
4655:CD168
4638:CD167
4633:CD166
4628:CD164
4623:CD163
4618:CD162
4613:CD161
4608:CD160
4591:CD159
4561:CD158
4556:CD157
4534:CD156
4529:CD155
4524:CD154
4519:CD153
4514:CD152
4509:CD151
4493:CD150
4488:CD148
4483:CD147
4478:CD146
4473:CD144
4468:CD143
4463:CD142
4458:CD141
4448:CD138
4443:CD137
4438:CD136
4433:CD135
4428:CD134
4423:CD133
4418:CD132
4413:CD131
4408:CD130
4403:CD129
4398:CD127
4393:CD126
4388:CD125
4383:CD124
4378:CD123
4373:CD122
4356:CD121
4339:CD120
4334:CD119
4329:CD118
4324:CD117
4319:CD116
4314:CD115
4309:CD114
4304:CD113
4299:CD112
4294:CD111
4289:CD110
4284:CD109
4279:CD108
4262:CD107
4257:CD106
4252:CD105
4247:CD104
4242:CD103
4237:CD102
4232:CD101
4216:CD100
3277:S2CID
3234:S2CID
3133:S2CID
3096:S2CID
2909:S2CID
2860:S2CID
2811:S2CID
2762:S2CID
2654:S2CID
2556:S2CID
2466:S2CID
2243:S2CID
2189:54255
1908:S2CID
1860:43465
1673:S2CID
1520:GRAP2
1501:FR104
1487:IFN-γ
1483:IL-13
1423:CTLA4
1402:CTLA4
1389:PKC-θ
1347:NF-κB
941:12487
901:Mouse
896:Human
867:Amigo
495:blood
437:blood
405:Mouse
398:Human
345:Start
280:Mouse
244:Start
177:Human
140:88327
5984:PD-1
5979:ICOS
5969:CD28
5964:BTLA
5904:CD34
5882:CD33
5877:CD13
5857:CD71
5852:CD36
5834:CD61
5830:CD41
5825:CD42
5820:CD36
5816:CD34
5789:CD68
5784:CD64
5779:CD31
5774:CD15
5769:CD14
5692:CD57
5682:CD16
5664:CD28
5659:CD27
5654:CD26
5649:CD18
5644:CD13
5597:T/NK
5583:CD38
5572:CD40
5552:CD20
5547:CD19
4211:CD99
4206:CD98
4201:CD97
4196:CD96
4191:CD95
4186:CD94
4181:CD93
4176:CD92
4172:CD91
4167:CD90
4162:CD89
4157:CD88
4152:CD87
4147:CD86
4110:CD85
4105:CD84
4100:CD83
4095:CD82
4090:CD81
4085:CD80
4068:CD79
4063:CD78
4058:CD74
4053:CD73
4048:CD72
4043:CD71
4038:CD70
4033:CD69
4028:CD68
3991:CD66
3969:CD64
3964:CD63
3942:CD62
3937:CD61
3932:CD59
3927:CD58
3922:CD57
3917:CD56
3912:CD55
3907:CD54
3902:CD53
3897:CD52
3892:CD51
3876:CD50
3839:CD49
3834:CD48
3829:CD47
3824:CD46
3819:CD45
3814:CD44
3809:CD43
3782:CD42
3777:CD41
3772:CD40
3767:CD39
3762:CD38
3757:CD37
3752:CD36
3747:CD35
3742:CD34
3737:CD33
3720:CD32
3715:CD31
3710:CD30
3705:CD29
3700:CD28
3695:CD27
3690:CD26
3685:CD25
3680:CD24
3675:CD23
3670:CD22
3665:CD21
3660:CD20
3655:CD19
3650:CD18
3633:CD16
3628:CD15
3623:CD14
3618:CD13
3591:CD11
3586:CD10
3483:1–50
3423:1yjd
3357:for
3343:CD28
3337:CD28
3306:PMID
3269:PMID
3226:PMID
3197:PMID
3168:PMID
3125:PMID
3088:PMID
3059:PMID
3049:ISBN
3020:PMID
2991:PMID
2962:PMID
2901:PMID
2852:PMID
2803:PMID
2754:PMID
2713:PMID
2646:PMID
2605:PMID
2548:PMID
2507:PMID
2458:PMID
2417:PMID
2368:PMID
2327:PMID
2292:PMID
2235:PMID
2194:PMID
2135:PMID
2086:PMID
2051:PMID
1992:PMID
1957:PMID
1900:PMID
1865:PMID
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