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272:, and rural blues. He rearranged the typical New Orleans dance band of the time to better accommodate the blues: string instruments became the rhythm section, and the front-line instruments were clarinets, trombones, and Bolden's cornet. Bolden was known for his powerful, loud, "wide open" playing style.
193:
When he was born, Bolden's father, Westmore Bolden, was working as a driver for
William Walker, the former master of Buddy's grandfather Gustavus Bolden, who died in 1866. His mother, Alice (nÊe Harris), was aged 18 when she married Westmore on August 14, 1873. Westmore Bolden was around 25 at the
373:
In 1895â1896, Bolden began a relationship with
Harriet "Hattie" Oliver, a woman several years his senior who lived in the same neighborhood. Their relationship was brief, and though they never married, she gave birth to their son, Charles Joseph Bolden Jr., on May 2, 1897.
579:. Wilson's drama includes the character King Hedley, whose father named him after King Buddy Bolden. King Hedley constantly sings, "I thought I heard Buddy Bolden say..." and believes that Bolden will come down and bring him money to buy a plantation.
620:
in which Buddy Bolden was the feature character. The music and lyrics were by Aaron
Gabriel and featured New Orleans musicians and collaborators Zena Moses, Eugene Harding and Jeremy Phipps. In 2018, Interact Theater premiered the production renamed
194:
time, as records show that he was 19 in August 1866. When Buddy was six years old, his father died, after which the boy lived with his mother and other family members. In records of the period the family name is variously spelled
249:, though the term was not in common musical use until after Bolden was musically active. At least one writer has labeled Bolden the father of jazz. He is credited with creating a looser, more improvised version of
715:, p. 107: "on that fabled cylinder, according to Willie Cornish, they had recorded a couple of marches." In the 2005 epilogue to the book, Marquis also discusses these recordings that have not been found (
222:), and his band was at its peak in New Orleans from around 1900 to 1907. He was known for his loud sound and improvisational skills, and his style had an impact on younger musicians. Bolden's trombonist
268:
Instead of imitating other cornetists, Bolden played the music he heard "by ear" and adapted it to his horn. In doing so, he created an exciting and novel fusion of ragtime, black sacred music,
382:
While there is substantial first-hand oral history about Bolden, facts about his life continue to be lost amidst colorful myth. Stories about his being a barber by trade or that he published a
302:
explains, the big four (below) was the first syncopated bass drum pattern to deviate from the standard on-the-beat march. The second half of the Big Four is the pattern commonly known as the
361:, a vitamin deficiency common among poor and black groups in the population, which in 1907 swept through the southern United States. His death on November 4, 1931, was caused by cerebral
298:
Bolden is also credited with the invention of the "Big Four," a key rhythmic innovation on the marching band beat, which gave early jazz more room for individual improvisation. As
1241:
210:, thus complicating research. Buddy likely attended Fisk School in New Orleans, though evidence is circumstantial, as early records of this and other local schools are missing.
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287:
One of the best known Bolden numbers is "Funky Butt" (later known as "Buddy Bolden's Blues"), which represents one of the earliest references to the concept of
523:(1976), which features a Buddy Bolden character who in some ways resembles Bolden, but in other ways is deliberately contrary to what is known about him.
984:, girls, loudness, and "Funky Butt" are all that is mentioned, one can surmise that rather than actually having known Bolden the person has merely read
936: : 27 May 2020), Charles Bolden, 1931. The death certificate is filed at the Louisiana State Archive and Research Library, in Statewide Deaths for
838:
Burns, Ken, and
Geoffrey C. Ward. Ken Burns' "Jazz: The Story of America's Music." New York: Sony Music Entertainment, 2000. Sound recording. Episode 1
1358:
723:, pp. 44â45). Marquis concludes: "That the cylinder was made is quite believable; that it is gone forever is even more believable..." (
295:
once put it, a reference to the olfactory effect of an auditorium packed full of sweaty people "dancing close together and belly rubbing."
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609:
was staged at
Harvard's Hasty Pudding Theater. The music was scored by Steven Provizer and the production was directed by Tim McDonough.
1002:
988:" (the rather inaccurate account, as Marquis proves) by Charles Edward Smith and Frederic Ramsay Jr., the editors of that book; see
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By most accounts, a mix of alcohol and mental illness sent Bolden into an asylum in 1907; he stayed there until his death in 1931.
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257:; Bolden's band was said to be the first to have brass instruments play the blues. He was also said to have adapted ideas from
559:(2013) centers on the legend and repercussions of a wax cylinder recording by Bolden's band, as well as Bolden's later life.
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The Bolden band tune "Funky Butt", better known as "Buddy Bolden's Blues" since it was first recorded under that title by
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625:
at the
Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, MN. The song "Dat's How Da Music Do Ya" quoted the "Buddy Bolden Blues".
693:
552:(2021), which centers on the character of Buddy Bolden and his life, based on the author's archival research.
350:
245:
Many early jazz musicians credited Bolden and his bandmates with having originated what came to be known as
633:
442:
694:
Greenberg, Blue, "New exhibit on jazz 'King' Buddy Bolden at Duke's Nasher Museum is a story of the South"
632:, was created by the British experimental filmmaker John Akomfrah in 2017 as a commissioned piece for the
461:
1318:
1136:"Seven Years After Production Began, Dan Pritzker's 'Bolden' Skeds New Shoot, Sans Star Anthony Mackie"
357:, where he spent the rest of his life. Recent research has suggested that Bolden may in fact have had
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918:'Buddy Bolden's blues: did a simple vitamin deficiency cause the jazz pioneer's mental illness?'
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932:"Louisiana, Orleans Parish Death Records and Certificates, 1835-1954", database, FamilySearch (
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241:, valve trombone; Willy Warner, clarinet; bottom: Brock Mumford, guitar; Frank Lewis, clarinet)
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719:, pp. 158â159). On pages 44â45 of the same book the question is discussed in detail (
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1185:"Madness and Creativity: on Buddy Bolden and Staging 'Coming Through Slaughter'"
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speaks about Bolden in an introduction and performs "Buddy Bolden" on his album
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who was regarded by contemporaries as a key figure in the development of a
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956:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. p. 46.
482:, or Buddy Award, is the prime award honoring Norwegian jazz musicians.
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The Bolden band around 1905 (top: Jimmy
Johnson, bass; Bolden, cornet;
592:, was released in 2019. It was written and directed by Dan Pritzker.
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338:
80:
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Bolden has inspired a number of fictional characters with his name.
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have been repeated in print despite being debunked decades earlier.
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A Connecticut Yankee in criminal court : a Mark Twain mystery
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recordings with the Bolden band, but none are known to survive.
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751:
The
Loudest Trumpet: Buddy Bolden and the Early History of Jazz
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1003:"Hop Along's 'Painted Shut' Invokes Two Mysterious Musicians"
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169:(September 6, 1877 – November 4, 1931) was an American
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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640:, exploring themes related to the life of Buddy Bolden.
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https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:ZNTN-3XMM
775:"Looking Up At Down": The Emergence of Blues Culture
663:
851:. Jazz.nuvvo.com. November 24, 2008. Archived from
541:He is a notable character in Louis Maistros' novel
488:
wrote "Buddy in the Parade" as a tribute to Bolden.
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548:Canadian author Christine Welldon wrote the novel
181:music, or "jass", which later came to be known as
616:produced a new work-in-progress musical entitled
1340:
1036:(1st ed.). New York: Berkeley Prime Crime.
555:Nicholas Christopher's historical fiction novel
291:in popular music. Bolden's "Funky Butt" was, as
777:. Temple University Press (1989), pp. 188â191.
16:American cornetist and jazz pioneer (1877â1931)
1027:
849:"What Is the Big Four Beat? - Jazz & More"
341:in 1907 at age 30. With the full diagnosis of
332:
753:(self-published via iUniverse, 2000), 86â87.
1217:Buddy Bolden and the Last Days of Storyville
953:In Search of Buddy Bolden: First Man of Jazz
586:about Bolden with mythical elements, titled
459:"Hey, Buddy Bolden" is a song on the album
377:
31:
419:paid tribute to Bolden in his 1957 suite
337:Bolden had an episode of acute alcoholic
1240:) is being considered for deletion. See
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218:Bolden was known as "King" Bolden (see
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702:(Durham, North Carolina), May 21, 2018
536:A Connecticut Yankee in Criminal Court
811:"Two Films Unveil a Lost Jazz Legend"
764:
740:. Oxford/ and New York, 1997. p. 34.
628:A three-channel video installation,
526:The character of Buddy Bolden helps
365:according to the death certificate.
308:sub-Saharan African music traditions
1287:"Charles "Buddy" Bolden (1877â1931)
1183:Provizer, Steven (April 24, 2019).
875:Jazz and Math: Rhythmic Innovations
800:
599:During the 1980s, an adaptation of
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1219:. New York: Continuum. p. 31.
1206:
1134:Fleming, Mike Jr. (May 28, 2014).
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1244:to help reach a consensus. âē
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881:. The Knowledge example shown in
261:heard in uptown African-American
213:
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1282:Buddy Bolden's New Orleans Music
425:. The trumpet part was taken by
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226:, among others, recalled making
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1162:Uhlich, Keith (May 7, 2019).
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612:In 2011, Interact Theater in
543:The Sound of Building Coffins
351:Louisiana State Insane Asylum
38:
473:Live at the Village Vanguard
317:
188:
7:
950:Marquis, Donald M. (2005).
940:, 1931, Vol. 32, Pg. 13491.
462:Nina Simone Sings Ellington
393:
333:Physical and mental decline
10:
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1379:American ragtime musicians
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349:), he was admitted to the
1394:People with schizophrenia
1369:American jazz bandleaders
1302:Jazz, A Film by Ken Burns
885:, compared to the source.
618:Hot Jazz at da Funky Butt
443:Goin' Back to New Orleans
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1374:American jazz cornetists
1242:templates for discussion
606:Coming Through Slaughter
520:Coming Through Slaughter
398:
1164:"'Bolden': Film Review"
1088:"Kid Sterling | Detail"
1028:Heck, Peter J. (1996).
378:Further life and legend
322:download the audio file
1399:The Eagle Band members
1293:Buddy Bolden Biography
1169:The Hollywood Reporter
569:Bolden is featured in
412:
306:rhythm developed from
242:
49:Background information
1276:The Real Buddy Bolden
1260:National Public Radio
938:East Feliciana Parish
903:. (DVD, n. 1). 2000.
855:on September 21, 2013
815:National Public Radio
406:
236:
59:Charles Joseph Bolden
1289:Red Hot Jazz Archive
1278:The Syncopated Times
1189:The Syncopated Times
1092:www.reddeerpress.com
916:Karst, James. 2020.
513:The Canadian author
409:Louis Armstrong Park
817:. December 15, 2007
738:The History of Jazz
623:Hot Funky Butt Jazz
270:marching-band music
228:phonograph cylinder
1141:Deadline Hollywood
530:solve a murder in
497:Buddy Bolden's Rag
413:
355:mental institution
243:
773:Barlow, William.
684:, pp. 29â30.
660:, pp. 11â18.
434:Jelly Roll Morton
422:A Drum Is a Woman
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274:Joe "King" Oliver
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100:, Louisiana, U.S.
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1247:Buddy Bolden
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1216:
1192:. Retrieved
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1117:. Retrieved
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1095:. Retrieved
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795:Marquis 2005
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736:Gioia, Ted.
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682:Marquis 2005
677:
670:Marquis 2005
665:
658:Marquis 2005
653:
634:Ogden Museum
622:
617:
604:
587:
574:
556:
550:Kid Sterling
549:
542:
535:
518:
508:
495:
472:
460:
451:
441:
420:
387:
381:
372:
336:
297:
293:Danny Barker
286:
282:Bunk Johnson
267:
259:gospel music
246:
244:
220:Jazz royalty
217:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
166:
162:
158:
157:
145:Years active
93:(1931-11-04)
25:Buddy Bolden
18:
1354:1931 deaths
1349:1877 births
1230:âš The
1194:November 1,
1115:. Goodreads
1113:"Tiger Rag"
921:64 Parishes
797:, p. .
630:"Precarity"
614:Minneapolis
480:Buddyprisen
448:Hugh Laurie
427:Clark Terry
388:The Cricket
253:and adding
175:New Orleans
77:New Orleans
42: 1905
1343:Categories
1147:October 9,
1119:October 7,
645:References
265:churches.
149:1890sâ1907
134:Instrument
126:Occupation
70:1877-09-06
55:Birth name
1066:"Welcome"
1013:March 18,
883:half-time
821:April 14,
594:Gary Carr
557:Tiger Rag
534:'s novel
494:recorded
486:Hop Along
339:psychosis
189:Childhood
177:style of
171:cornetist
81:Louisiana
1232:template
1215:, 1998,
1052:33439081
636:and the
500:in 1995.
438:Dr. John
394:Tributes
359:pellagra
129:Musician
1266:Bolden!
1234:below (
1007:NPR.org
986:Jazzman
982:Cricket
589:Bolden!
538:(1996).
505:Fiction
386:called
304:hambone
263:Baptist
251:ragtime
200:Bolding
179:ragtime
98:Jackson
37:Bolden
1319:Portal
1251:Curlie
1237:Curlie
1050:
1040:
960:
781:
757:
584:biopic
446:, and
208:Bolden
206:, and
204:Boldan
167:Bolden
138:Cornet
105:Genres
83:, U.S.
399:Music
255:blues
196:Bolen
163:Buddy
117:blues
1333:Jazz
1271:IMDb
1196:2019
1149:2014
1121:2023
1099:2021
1074:2013
1048:OCLC
1038:ISBN
1015:2018
976:See
958:ISBN
900:Jazz
861:2013
823:2008
779:ISBN
755:ISBN
711:See
478:The
289:funk
247:jazz
183:jazz
112:Jazz
88:Died
64:Born
1310:at
1297:PBS
1269:at
1258:on
1249:at
905:PBS
879:PBS
877:",
310:.
1345::
1299:,
1295:,
1187:.
1166:.
1138:.
1090:.
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1005:.
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825:.
813:.
802:^
766:^
696:,
582:A
280:,
276:,
202:,
198:,
185:.
165:"
79:,
39:c.
1321::
1198:.
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68:(
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