295:
401:, a biochemist with a career focus on health issues, who became the Vice President of Research & Development at Brown & Williamson in 1989. He was hired to research safer means of delivering nicotine by reducing the harm of other tobacco compounds. At the time, both the addictiveness of nicotine and the health hazards of cigarettes were well known by the company and the industry, but were kept a fiercely guarded secret. Wigand soon found his research and recommendations discouraged, ignored and censored, leading to confrontations with the CEO, Thomas Sandefur. Thwarted and frustrated, Wigand turned his attention to improving tobacco additives, some of which were designed for "impact boosting", using chemicals like
38:
2674:
2734:
2758:
2698:
1722:
2436:
2722:
2710:
2686:
2069:
2448:
2746:
551:
other interested parties. On May 25, 1995, the
Superior Court ruled that these documents should be made available for public review. B&W appealed that decision, and on June 23, 1995, the Court of Appeals refused a temporary restraining order preventing release of the documents. On June 29, the California Supreme Court rejected the company's appeal, allowing UCSF to release the documents.
476:
points out the local FBI field office was being used by Brown & Williamson via an ex-FBI agent to do dirty work for the company. Bergman provided him with armed bodyguards and, after legal consultation, urged him to testify for the State of
Mississippi in a lawsuit against Big Tobacco brought by Mississippi Attorney General
29:
384:. B.A.T. and Brown & Williamson claimed that since Commonwealth was not one of the five major U.S. cigarette companies, it would meet requirements that Lorillard did not, particularly since Commonwealth would be more likely to compete as a discount manufacturer. The FTC approved the $ 36 million deal in October.
416:
that the company continued to use in pipe tobacco. Wigand demanded its removal, but a successful substitute had not been found and
Sandefur refused on the grounds that sales would drop. This argument led Sandefur to fire Wigand in 1993 and to force him to sign an extended confidentiality agreement
475:
was released, Brown & Williamson renewed its efforts to reduce Wigand's credibility, and the FBI published a search warrant that was served on Wigand's home, strongly suggesting he fabricated the threats against himself. This claim is countered by an on the record interview by Wigand where he
417:
forbidding him to speak of anything related to his work or the company. The penalty for violating confidentiality was loss of his severance pay, potential lawsuits, and loss of medical coverage. At the time, his daughter suffered from a chronic illness which required continuous medical attention.
550:
for promoting B&W products in five of his films. B&W sought to permanently remove the disputed material from the library with a suit filed in San
Francisco Superior Court. The university contended that all of the documents were in the public domain and should be available to scholars and
510:
Brown & Williamson still tried to sue Wigand for theft, fraud, and breach of contract after the sanitized interview was aired, and launched a 500-page smear campaign against him. However, his depositions at the
Mississippi and Kentucky state courts were leaked, and were published by
380:, specializing in low-priced, unadvertised brands." The deal would require FTC approval. Commonwealth Brands, which would also buy the Reidsville plant, started as Commonwealth Tobacco Company in 1991 and changed its name in November of that year, and is now part of
375:
The FTC rejected the
Lorillard deal on April 10, 1996, and B.A.T. and Brown & Williamson agreed July 25, 1996, to sell the six discount brands to Commonwealth Tobacco, LLC, a subsidiary of Commonwealth Brands, described as "a small cigarette maker based in
320:
manufacturing facilities. Initially, the new partnership took over one of the elder
Williamson's factories. In February 1894, the new company, calling itself Brown & Williamson, hired 30 workers and began manufacturing in a leased facility.
469:, Wigand stated that he and his family were anonymously stalked, intimidated and threatened with death should he talk. At the time, it was thought that Brown & Williamson were behind these intimidation attempts, but, just before the movie
546:(UCSF) Tobacco Control Archives in 1994. These documents consist primarily of scientific studies on the addictive nature of nicotine and other health effects of tobacco smoke. Also included is documentation of $ 500,000 in payments to
436:, with flavors including cola and apple flavors. In one of their internal memos, Brown & Williamson advisers wrote "It’s a well-known fact that teenagers like sweet products. Honey might be considered." Brown & Williamson's
372:, Silva Thins, and Tall). In an out-of-court settlement in December 1995, the FTC also required Brown & Williamson to sell the Reidsville plant, but Lorillard did not want it and the company decided to close it.
781:
Robert Lynn
Williamson's uncle James Nathaniel Williamson also became a prominent North Carolina businessman. After marrying the daughter of textile pioneer Edwin M. Holt, James Williamson became a principal in the
503:. Instead of the original interview, CBS aired an edited version which did not disclose the crucial details. Bergman bitterly opposed the breaking of his word to Wigand, which eventually led to his resignation from
405:
to enhance absorption of nicotine in the lungs and affect the brain and central nervous system faster. Wigand believed this process was a deliberate attempt to increase addiction to cigarettes.
328:. The business was reorganized as the Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation. Manufacturing and distribution were expanded, and work on a new B&W factory in Louisville was begun.
207:. It became infamous as the focus of investigations for chemically enhancing the addictiveness of cigarettes. Its former vice-president of research and development,
368:
agreed on
November 28, 1995, to buy the six discount brands (Montclair, Malibu, Riviera, Crown's, Special 10's, and Bull Durham), but not the three premium brands (
2793:
991:
739:
Hurt, Richard D.; Robertson, Channing R. (1998-10-07). "Prying Open the Door to the
Tobacco Industry's Secrets About Nicotine: The Minnesota Tobacco Trial".
909:
1826:
1022:
488:. The tobacco interests responded by getting a Kentucky judge to issue a gag order that subjected Wigand to arrest upon returning to the Commonwealth.
873:
816:
910:"FTC Seeks Public Comment Until August 27, 1996, on B.A.T Industries p.l.c. Application for Approval To Divest Six Brands of Discount Cigarettes"
1286:
2798:
2410:
1342:
Hwang, S. L., & M. Geyelin (1996). Getting personal: Brown &Williamson has 500-page dossier attacking chief critic. Wall Street Journal
715:
316:), North Carolina, as a partnership of George T. Brown and his brother-in-law Robert Lynn Williamson, whose father was already operating two
443:
were deliberately marketed to teenagers, as revealed by internal documents, which has led to a lawsuit brought by 28 U.S. states plus the
2803:
2573:
1525:
1301:
294:
1404:
2783:
2452:
1360:
798:
2077:
500:
517:
as part of an investigative rebuttal to the attacks. CBS News, embarrassed, finally aired the full, original Wigand interview on
1329:
1819:
1264:
1065:
543:
2650:
2587:
2566:
2486:
1418:
1001:
1856:
529:
935:
2643:
2788:
2440:
1812:
699:
1699:
1436:
2015:
1518:
826:
2778:
1861:
1124:
255:
115:
461:
Despite Jeffrey Wigand's commitment to honor the confidentiality agreement and his initial refusal to talk to
2580:
480:, a tactic designed to nullify his confidentiality agreement before revealing the truth in an interview with
313:
72:
2388:
2242:
1653:
477:
1553:
1049:
2664:
1511:
361:
2363:
1278:
1176:
365:
306:
2479:
1976:
1895:
1835:
1773:
1026:
913:
349:
341:
337:
325:
271:
197:
174:
787:
2606:
2531:
2282:
2092:
2030:
2010:
1890:
1788:
1707:
513:
377:
1495:
2267:
2237:
2137:
2020:
1984:
1968:
1874:
1671:
1306:
1229:
996:
881:
240:
2247:
2232:
2197:
2177:
2162:
2107:
2035:
1643:
1618:
1117:
610:
496:
408:
Wigand's disagreements with Sandefur reached a breaking point over a flavor enhancer called
2678:
2522:
2307:
2182:
2025:
1613:
1396:
1023:"FTC Approves B.A.T Proposal To Divest Cigarette Brands and Certain Assets to Commonwealth"
444:
247:
1091:
424:" testified during congressional hearings that they believed "nicotine is not addictive".
8:
2472:
2368:
2328:
2297:
2227:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2097:
2050:
1638:
1633:
1608:
1588:
1563:
1473:
1352:
783:
648:
564:
2513:
2378:
2257:
2192:
2112:
2102:
1793:
1578:
1206:
1171:
1170:
Cummings, K. M.; Morley, C. P.; Horan, J. K.; Steger, C.; Leavell, N.-R. (March 2002).
940:
591:
547:
471:
440:
227:
964:
277:
B&W was also involved in genetically modifying tobacco (notably the controversial
2624:
2540:
2338:
2333:
2302:
2287:
2277:
2132:
1908:
1783:
1679:
1583:
1573:
1568:
1534:
1321:
1211:
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821:
764:
756:
653:
572:
259:
130:
119:
1256:
1146:
535:
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2738:
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2343:
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1603:
1593:
1201:
1185:
969:
748:
586:
437:
433:
381:
267:
61:
2714:
2429:
Integrated into other British American Tobacco subsidiaries or business entities.
2373:
2272:
2172:
1882:
317:
302:
189:
37:
28:
2726:
2702:
2393:
2222:
2157:
2127:
1684:
786:
textile interests and among the leading North Carolina businessmen of his time.
462:
398:
208:
169:
1460:
1374:
2772:
2615:
2005:
1866:
1302:"Tobacco whistleblower Jeffrey Wigand goes on the record about 'The Insider'"
1197:
1189:
760:
752:
324:
In 1927, the Brown and Williamson families sold the business to London-based
263:
212:
186:
141:
2690:
2416:
2207:
2117:
1900:
1804:
1778:
1689:
1598:
1215:
599:
481:
278:
847:
768:
364:, plant and nine of the brands acquired in the American Tobacco purchase.
1924:
1721:
1419:"Congressional Record, Volume 142 Issue 17 (Wednesday, February 7, 1996)"
719:
448:
421:
542:
Thousands of pages of B&W documents were donated unsolicited to the
397:
A battle in the war between the tobacco industry and smokers began with
2762:
2496:
1952:
1916:
1736:
1542:
1381:
413:
356:
to stop the deal. An April 1995 consent order required that to prevent
345:
251:
221:
193:
111:
51:
2697:
1440:
2045:
357:
353:
231:(1999). Wigand claimed that B&W had introduced chemicals such as
201:
162:
2757:
1503:
1047:"Brown & Williamson Closes Deal to Sell Plant to Commonwealth".
491:
Wigand's best hope remained in Bergman's pledge to air his story on
2721:
2252:
2122:
1623:
848:"Testimony of Jeffrey Wigand - Pascagaula court (29 November 1995)"
639:
525:
409:
369:
236:
2217:
2040:
1757:
1257:"Tobacco Firm Renews Its Attacks On Wigand Before Film's Release"
1172:"Marketing to America's youth: evidence from corporate documents"
1066:"'The Insider,' Jeffrey Wigand, testifies in Quebec tobacco case"
817:"B.A.T Industries agrees to buy American Tobacco for $ 1 billion"
537:
Brown & Williamson v. Regents of the University of California
402:
232:
2709:
2685:
1147:"Brown & Williamson Campaign Targets Younger Adult Smokers"
432:
As early as 1972, Brown & Williamson reviewed concepts for
392:
250:, until July 30, 2004, when the U.S. operations of B&W and
1461:
Re: agreements between Stallone and Associated Film Promotions
2464:
2292:
360:
violations, Brown & Williamson had 12 months to sell its
262:
Inc. Some of its brands had been sold earlier in 1996 to the
204:
1397:"Anatomy Of A Decision | Smoke In The Eye | FRONTLINE | PBS"
1661:
495:. Brown & Williamson threatened CBS with a lawsuit for
874:"FTC sues to stop B.A.T's purchase of American Tobacco Co"
702:, SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION report, Juny 30, 2004
1169:
965:"Brown & Williamson Sells Six Brands to Commonwealth"
348:" was created for this purpose. On October 31, 1994, the
216:
1230:"States to Sue Brown & Williamson for Kool Campaign"
2662:
532:
in health-related damages by the tobacco companies.
420:
Soon after this incident, the seven executives of "
528:suit against the tobacco industry, which led to a
499:, which could spoil an imminent merger plan with
258:, creating a new publicly traded parent company,
2770:
2794:Defunct companies based in Louisville, Kentucky
716:"Commonwealth Brands, Inc. Company Information"
2411:British Columbia v Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd
1063:
992:"Company Overview of Commonwealth Brands, Inc"
2480:
1820:
1519:
1376:Jeffrey Wigand: The big tobacco whistleblower
738:
1834:
1389:
393:Jeffrey Wigand's employment with the company
2574:George W. Bush military service controversy
344:for $ 1 billion. A holding company, named "
225:, an event that was dramatized in the film
110:Merged with the other BAT's U.S. business (
2487:
2473:
1827:
1813:
1526:
1512:
1254:
1144:
412:, which he believed to be a lung-specific
183:Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation
1205:
936:"B.A.T. Unit To Sell Brands To Lorillard"
1314:
1248:
1118:"Flavored Tobacco Products Attract Kids"
427:
338:British American Tobacco Industries, PLC
312:B&W was founded in Winston (today's
293:
1407:from the original on 26 September 2022.
1299:
1089:
933:
521:, leaving much of the nation in shock.
2771:
1363:from the original on 12 December 2021.
1345:
1289:from the original on 25 February 2023.
1255:Fairclough, Gordon (1 November 1999).
710:
708:
544:University of California San Francisco
42:Brown & Williamson factory in 1918
2799:1894 establishments in North Carolina
2588:Killian documents authenticity issues
2468:
1808:
1533:
1507:
1478:www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu
1267:from the original on 27 October 2019.
959:
957:
904:
902:
900:
898:
840:
695:
693:
691:
689:
2567:CBS News controversies and criticism
2447:
1145:Fairclough, Gordon (June 30, 2000).
1115:
1109:
524:Forty-six states ultimately filed a
1332:from the original on 3 August 2021.
1064:Canadian Press (10 December 2012).
705:
13:
2804:2004 disestablishments in Kentucky
1279:"A Smokescreen From 'The Insider'"
1116:Bach, Laura (September 13, 2018).
954:
895:
686:
14:
2815:
1487:
554:
215:in an investigation conducted by
2784:Companies disestablished in 2004
2756:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2446:
2435:
2434:
2067:
1720:
1463:Legacy Tobacco Documents Library
1300:Renbaum, Bryan (10 March 2015).
673:Export and non-USA markets only.
387:
246:B&W had its headquarters in
36:
27:
1466:
1454:
1429:
1411:
1367:
1336:
1293:
1271:
1222:
1163:
1138:
1083:
1057:
1040:
1015:
984:
927:
827:The New York Times News Service
667:
352:filed suit in federal court in
2494:
1353:"Deposition of Jeffrey Wigand"
1125:Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids
866:
809:
791:
775:
732:
340:announced an agreement to buy
331:
289:
200:that produced several popular
1:
2581:Killian documents controversy
934:Collins, Glenn (1995-11-29).
680:
454:
305:, from a catalog of the 1920
2389:Sir Joseph Hood, 1st Baronet
1474:"Industry Documents Library"
1050:Greensboro News & Record
235:into cigarettes to increase
7:
1092:"The Man Who Knew Too Much"
1090:Brenner, Marie (May 1996).
434:flavored "youth cigarettes"
94:; 20 years ago
10:
2820:
1437:"Tobacco Control Archives"
799:"Thomas Farish Williamson"
362:Reidsville, North Carolina
284:
2635:
2597:
2551:
2504:
2425:
2402:
2356:
2316:
2085:
2076:
2065:
1996:
1943:
1936:
1849:
1842:
1766:
1750:
1729:
1718:
1698:
1670:
1652:
1552:
1541:
1053:. 1996-11-02. p. B8.
366:Lorillard Tobacco Company
307:North Carolina State Fair
168:
158:
148:
136:
126:
106:
88:
78:
67:
57:
47:
35:
26:
2789:British American Tobacco
1977:Murray, Sons and Company
1836:British American Tobacco
1774:British American Tobacco
1190:10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i5
1027:Federal Trade Commission
914:Federal Trade Commission
753:10.1001/jama.280.13.1173
660:
530:$ 368 billion settlement
350:Federal Trade Commission
342:American Tobacco Company
326:British American Tobacco
272:British American Tobacco
198:British American Tobacco
175:British American Tobacco
16:American tobacco company
2532:My Kid Could Paint That
2031:Farmers Insurance Group
2011:British American Racing
1891:Imperial Tobacco Canada
1789:Richard Joshua Reynolds
1708:Natural American Spirit
1500:(archived, 26 Apr 1998)
1151:The Wall Street Journal
514:The Wall Street Journal
378:Bowling Green, Kentucky
20:Brown & Williamson
2779:Brown & Williamson
2636:International versions
2560:Brown & Williamson
2036:Frederick & Nelson
2021:Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft
1985:Rothmans International
1969:Ente Tabacchi Italiani
1961:Brown & Williamson
1742:Brown & Williamson
1322:"Battling Big Tobacco"
1307:The Baltimore Examiner
1234:Convenience Store News
997:Bloomberg Businessweek
882:Bloomberg Businessweek
700:Reynolds American Inc.
309:
239:delivery and increase
1359:. November 29, 1995.
497:tortious interference
428:Marketing to children
298:Advertisement of the
297:
2523:Mike Wallace Is Here
2026:Eagle Star Insurance
445:District of Columbia
248:Louisville, Kentucky
84:Robert L. Williamson
2369:James Buchanan Duke
2103:Benson & Hedges
1751:Former subsidiaries
1425:. February 7, 1996.
1328:. 13 January 2005.
1184:(suppl 1): –5–i17.
1004:on November 7, 2014
336:On April 26, 1994,
23:
22:Tobacco Corporation
2379:Hugo Cunliffe-Owen
1794:RJR Plaza Building
941:The New York Times
803:sites.rootsweb.com
548:Sylvester Stallone
441:menthol cigarettes
310:
19:
2660:
2659:
2625:60 Minutes Sports
2462:
2461:
2352:
2351:
2278:State Express 555
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
1909:Reynolds American
1802:
1801:
1784:Reynolds Building
1716:
1715:
1535:Reynolds American
852:jeffreywigand.com
822:The Baltimore Sun
747:(13): 1173–1181.
465:, a producer for
260:Reynolds American
196:of multinational
180:
179:
131:Reynolds American
120:Reynolds American
2811:
2761:
2760:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2689:
2688:
2677:
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2675:
2668:
2653:
2646:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2450:
2449:
2438:
2437:
2384:Nicandro Durante
2243:Peter Stuyvesant
2083:
2082:
2071:
2070:
2051:Marshall Field's
1999:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1896:Pakistan Tobacco
1887:
1879:
1871:
1847:
1846:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1724:
1700:Santa Fe Natural
1550:
1549:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1496:Official website
1482:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1439:. Archived from
1433:
1427:
1426:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1318:
1312:
1311:
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1275:
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1246:
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1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1167:
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1158:
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1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1000:. Archived from
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
970:Associated Press
961:
952:
951:
949:
948:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
906:
893:
892:
890:
889:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
854:. Jeffrey Wigand
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
813:
807:
806:
795:
789:
779:
773:
772:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
712:
703:
697:
674:
671:
642:- non-US markets
382:Imperial Tobacco
268:Imperial Tobacco
266:tobacco company
102:
100:
95:
82:George T. Brown
40:
31:
24:
18:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2745:
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2733:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2663:
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2649:
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2631:
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2613:
2604:
2593:
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2572:
2565:
2558:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2500:
2493:
2463:
2458:
2421:
2398:
2374:Richard Burrows
2348:
2312:
2072:
2068:
2055:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1944:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1885:
1883:House of Prince
1877:
1869:
1838:
1833:
1803:
1798:
1762:
1746:
1725:
1712:
1694:
1666:
1648:
1556:Tobacco Company
1555:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1423:www.govinfo.gov
1417:
1416:
1412:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1326:www.cbsnews.com
1320:
1319:
1315:
1298:
1294:
1285:. 1 July 2010.
1283:The Smoking Gun
1277:
1276:
1272:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1177:Tobacco Control
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1143:
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1236:. 12 May 2004
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213:whistleblower
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116:R.J. Reynolds
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73:Winston-Salem
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39:
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30:
25:
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2512:
2505:In the media
2495:
2451:
2439:
2417:Export House
2409:
2208:Lucky Strike
2016:The Crescent
1960:
1901:P.J. Carroll
1843:Subsidiaries
1779:Project SCUM
1741:
1730:Predecessors
1690:Levi Garrett
1599:Lucky Strike
1554:RJ Reynolds
1543:Subsidiaries
1477:
1468:
1456:
1445:. Retrieved
1441:the original
1431:
1422:
1413:
1400:
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1238:. Retrieved
1233:
1224:
1181:
1175:
1165:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1069:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1031:. Retrieved
1029:. 1996-10-18
1017:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:the original
995:
986:
975:. Retrieved
973:. 1996-07-25
968:
945:. Retrieved
939:
929:
918:. Retrieved
916:. 1996-07-26
886:. Retrieved
884:. 1994-11-01
877:
868:
856:. Retrieved
851:
842:
831:. Retrieved
829:. 1994-04-27
820:
811:
802:
793:
777:
744:
740:
734:
723:. Retrieved
669:
600:Lucky Strike
541:
536:
523:
518:
512:
509:
504:
501:Westinghouse
492:
490:
485:
482:Mike Wallace
470:
466:
460:
455:
431:
419:
407:
396:
374:
335:
323:
311:
299:
276:
254:merged with
245:
226:
220:
182:
181:
137:Headquarters
48:Company type
2651:New Zealand
2514:The Insider
2364:Jack Bowles
2283:Sweet Afton
2093:Alain Delon
1925:Ten Motives
1878:(Sri Lanka)
1870:(Indonesia)
1401:www.pbs.org
1357:www.wsj.com
1130:October 13,
1096:Vanity Fair
784:Holt family
627:Silva Thins
607:North State
472:The Insider
449:Puerto Rico
422:Big Tobacco
346:BATUS, Inc.
332:Acquisition
290:Early years
252:BATUS, Inc.
228:The Insider
150:Area served
112:BATUS, Inc.
2773:Categories
2607:30 Minutes
2497:60 Minutes
2238:Parisienne
2138:du Maurier
1953:Batus Inc.
1945:Integrated
1917:Souza Cruz
1737:Batus Inc.
1546:and brands
1447:2010-05-30
1382:60 Minutes
1240:15 January
1156:2019-01-15
1033:2014-11-10
1008:2014-11-06
977:2014-11-07
947:2014-11-06
920:2014-11-10
888:2014-11-06
833:2014-11-10
725:2014-10-30
681:References
519:60 Minutes
505:60 Minutes
493:60 Minutes
486:60 Minutes
478:Mike Moore
467:60 Minutes
456:60 Minutes
414:carcinogen
222:60 Minutes
211:, was the
194:subsidiary
163:Cigarettes
52:Subsidiary
2751:Companies
2739:Chemistry
2644:Australia
2598:Spin-offs
2233:Pall Mall
2198:Lexington
2163:Hollywood
2118:Carroll's
2108:Caballero
1904:(Ireland)
1862:BAT Ghana
1644:Vila Rica
1619:Pall Mall
1198:1468-3318
858:5 October
761:0098-7484
611:Pall Mall
507:in 1998.
358:antitrust
354:Manhattan
300:Tube Rose
281:strain).
202:cigarette
127:Successor
2715:Business
2441:Category
2308:Winfield
2268:Rothmans
2253:Jin Ling
2248:Player's
2183:Kingsway
2123:Craven A
1920:(Brazil)
1624:Tareyton
1614:Old Gold
1405:Archived
1403:. 1999.
1361:Archived
1330:Archived
1287:Archived
1265:Archived
1216:11893810
1101:19 April
1075:19 April
1070:Macleans
720:Hoover's
645:Vanguard
640:Tareyton
624:Richland
561:American
526:Medicaid
410:coumarin
370:Tareyton
237:nicotine
159:Products
118:to form
58:Industry
2727:Biology
2703:Science
2665:Portals
2552:Related
2453:Commons
2329:Barclay
2298:Viceroy
2228:Newmore
2218:Mantano
2153:Gunston
2148:Everest
2143:Dunhill
2098:Belinda
2086:Current
2041:Gimbels
1850:Current
1758:SeaLand
1680:Grizzly
1639:Viceroy
1634:Vantage
1609:Newport
1589:Eclipse
1564:Barclay
1385:. 1996.
1207:1766057
769:9777818
649:Viceroy
621:Raleigh
580:Catcher
577:Carlton
565:Barclay
403:ammonia
285:History
264:British
233:ammonia
97: (
89:Defunct
79:Founder
68:Founded
62:Tobacco
2357:People
2317:Former
2258:Prince
2193:Jadran
2178:King's
2113:Caines
2078:Brands
2046:Kohl's
1937:Former
1685:Kodiak
1579:Dakota
1214:
1204:
1196:
767:
759:
633:Summit
592:Laredo
569:Belair
205:brands
192:and a
185:was a
170:Parent
2691:1990s
2541:Truth
2403:Other
2339:Elita
2334:Belga
2303:Vogue
2293:Tekel
2288:Teddy
2133:Derby
1988:(USA)
1972:Italy
1964:(USA)
1956:(USA)
1912:(USA)
1584:Doral
1574:Capri
1569:Camel
1121:(PDF)
661:Notes
654:Wings
615:Prime
604:Misty
573:Capri
2344:Free
2324:Alfa
2263:Ritz
2213:Main
2203:Look
2188:Kool
2168:Kent
1998:Sold
1980:(UK)
1928:(UK)
1662:Vuse
1629:True
1604:More
1594:Kent
1242:2019
1212:PMID
1194:ISSN
1132:2018
1103:2015
1077:2015
860:2018
765:PMID
757:ISSN
741:JAMA
636:Tall
596:Life
587:Kool
484:for
447:and
438:Kool
270:and
187:U.S.
114:and
107:Fate
99:2004
92:2004
2763:Law
2273:Sax
2173:Kim
1261:WSJ
1202:PMC
1186:doi
749:doi
745:280
583:GPC
217:CBS
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