504:
50:
311:
370:. It was established when the Xhosa people were driven across the Kei River and a new buffer zone was established with white settlers maintaining the new order. The province was divided into small chiefdoms that were controlled by magistrates who lived in the various chiefs’ Great Places. A location for the new province's government was selected, and named
326:
was recognised to a limited degree since their decisions were subject to review by the
British colonial government. Any decisions made by the Xhosa chiefs could also be reversed if they were contrary to the agenda of the colonial government. The Xhosa chiefs in British Kaffraria were mandated by the colonial government to acknowledge the authority of
325:
The territory’s administration was handled by a
British military officer who was appointed as the chief commissioner. Each administrative chief was assisted by assistant commissioners who acted as magistrates, advisors and arbitrators among the several Xhosa tribes. The authority of the Xhosa chiefs
378:(known to the Europeans as the "Fingo people"), who had recently arrived fleeing from the Zulu armies and had been living under Xhosa subjection. Magistrates were appointed to administer the territory in the hope that they would gradually, with the help of missionaries, undermine tribal authority.
476:. A separate Lieutenant Governor, Colonel John Maclean, was appointed to administer the colony. However economic problems threatened to bankrupt the colony and pressure was brought upon the neighbouring Cape Colony once again to take on the territory and its expenses.
206:
that is usually translated into
English as "disbeliever" or "non-believer", i.e. a non-Muslim or "one without religion". The word was originally applied to non Muslims in general, and therefore to non-Muslim black peoples encountered along the
417:
Queen
Adelaide was formally disannexed in December 1836, the Cape's border was re-established back at the Keiskamma river, and new treaties were made with the chiefs responsible for order beyond the Fish River. The area was now renamed
345:
of the Ngqika people (he was also the paramount chief of all
Rharhabe tribes) in British Kaffraria when the Mlanjeni War (also known as the 8th Xhosa War) erupted in 1850. The war lasted until 1853 even after Smith was recalled.
413:
Only a few months after its forcible joining to the Cape Colony, on 5 December 1835, the Cape Colony disallowed the annexation. The province's creation was also condemned by London, as being uneconomical and unjust.
702:
Church, J. 2005. The Place of
Indigenous Law in a Mixed Legal System and a Society in Transformation: A South African Experience. Pp 94 – 106. African Human Rights Law Journal (AHRLJ). Accessed 6 April
397:
expressed their disapproval of D’Urban’s processes. The
British government, along with the rest of Europe, was in the wake of the Romantic Age in 1835 and prescribed to a philanthropic approach.
186:
893:
405:, stressed that Smith's method of annexation "had brought dishonour to the British name" and that "Queen Adelaide Province” would no longer be the name of the territory.
337:
initially arrived in the Cape Of Good Hope in 1828 to lead colonial forces in the region. He led a
British force in the Sixth Xhosa War of 1834-36. He returned from
883:
953:
322:
being reluctant to take responsibility for its administration. Its status therefore changed several times before it finally became part of the Cape Colony.
181:
region between the
Keiskamma and Great Kei rivers and declared it a Crown Colony. Just 17 years later, it was incorporated into the Cape Colony after the
878:
948:
374:. The province was declared to be for the settlement of loyal African tribes, those rebel tribes who agreed to replace their leadership, and the
426:
as its capital. Indigenous rule by and large re-established itself in much of the territory and the land remained a separate entity until 1847.
742:
562:
From 1853 to 1866 the territory used the stamps of the Cape of Good Hope, the mail being sent from Port
Elizabeth or overland from the Cape.
888:
913:
402:
318:
The territory came under British rule in the 19th century. However, there was great disagreement on how it should be governed, with the
943:
958:
839:
767:
938:
526:
454:
as its capital. The new Governor re-occupied the abandoned forts and British Imperial troops were moved into the territory.
903:
731:
A brief history of South Africa: Queen Adelaide Province & British Kaffraria World History. Accessed 6 April 2018.
237:
A subsection of British Kaffraria was later reconstituted by the apartheid regime as the semi-independent homeland of
933:
928:
923:
918:
200:" which was used as a term for the Black African inhabitants of southern Africa. The word is derived from the Arabic
666:
2013. Literature on the History of Southern Africa: British Kaffraria. World History at KMLA. Accessed 6 April 2018.
390:
508:
398:
730:
521:
An Act for the Incorporation of the Territories of British Kaffraria with the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope.
439:
334:
382:
155:
746:
716:
665:
451:
371:
215:
traders. The word "Kaffraria" came to refer specifically to the Xhosa lands in what is now the
61:
49:
898:
643:
619:
516:
197:
173:
The British Kaffraria was established in 1847 when the British colonial government in the
8:
556:
443:
363:
359:
342:
36:
717:
British Kaffraria. Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Accessed 6 April 2018.
775:
463:
531:
298:
219:. Later, the western Xhosa lands which fell under British rule came to be known as
681:
408:
24:
in present-day Namibia and surrounding areas, both eventually held by the British.
386:
262:
258:
250:
472:, the Cape Colony again dis-annexed British Kaffraria, and it became a separate
349:
341:
in 1847 to become the governor of the Cape Colony. He attempted to unseat Chief
908:
701:
677:
429:
327:
872:
854:
841:
598:
460:
emigrants arrived in British Kaffraria in 1858–1859, and again in 1877–1878.
438:, on 17 December 1847, the area was again seized by the new British Governor
278:
208:
189:
and required relief from the British colonial government in the Cape Colony.
743:"Conquest of the Eastern Cape 1779–1878 | South African History Online"
265:
from the north. The area was consolidated under the rule of a branch of the
257:
hunter gatherers and herders. Early on, these peoples were displaced by the
544:
473:
375:
266:
216:
182:
147:
423:
319:
212:
174:
593:
469:
435:
355:
146:
was a British colony/subordinate administrative entity in present-day
588:
229:
193:
17:
797:
583:
224:
21:
823:
802:. München and Leipzig: Duncker and Humblot – World Digital Library
310:
457:
254:
223:, while the still independent Xhosa territory to the east in the
578:
566:
394:
288:
284:
238:
178:
358:, on 10 May 1835, the area was seized by the British Governor
295:
Ngqika ka Rarabe (the founding Chief), 1797 – 13 November 1829
479:
338:
202:
151:
831:
464:
A separate "British Kaffraria" Crown Colony (1860–1866)
234:
and would be incorporated into the Cape Colony later.
641:
617:
409:
A separate "Queen Adelaide Land district" (1836–1847)
697:
695:
894:
Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa
350:"Queen Adelaide Province" in the Cape Colony (1835)
430:"British Kaffraria" in the Cape Colony (1847–1866)
253:, the aboriginal inhabitants of the area were the
692:
870:
16:Not to be confused with the informal regions of
884:States and territories disestablished in 1866
954:1866 disestablishments in the British Empire
824:British Kaffraria and its German Settlements
799:British Kaffraria and its German Settlements
659:
565:The area eventually formed the basis of the
330:and that of the British chief commissioner.
676:
635:
611:
185:suffered from a great famine following the
150:, consisting of the districts now known as
879:States and territories established in 1835
726:
724:
480:Final annexation to the Cape Colony (1866)
468:On 7 March 1860, in the wake of the great
389:. When news of the annexation reached the
48:
949:1835 establishments in the British Empire
555:It was finally re-incorporated into the
309:
187:Xhosa cattle-killing movement of 1856–57
832:Lesotho Highlands Development Authority
795:
721:
871:
712:
710:
889:Former subdivisions of South Africa
403:Secretary of State for the Colonies
291:offshoot of the main Xhosa line):
283:The native Xhosa were ruled by the
13:
914:German settlements in South Africa
745:. Sahistory.org.za. Archived from
707:
14:
970:
817:
645:Manual of South African Geography
621:Manual of South African Geography
356:6th Frontier War ("Hintsa's War")
944:1866 disestablishments in Africa
509:Parliament of the United Kingdom
502:
436:7th Frontier War ("Amatola War")
301:, 13 November 1829 – 1 June 1878
244:
196:stems from the derogative word "
959:19th century in the Cape Colony
789:
305:
760:
735:
686:Online Etymological Dictionary
670:
642:Henry Hall (F.R.G.S.) (1859).
618:Henry Hall (F.R.G.S.) (1859).
287:("Gaika") chiefs (part of the
20:to its immediate northeast or
1:
939:1835 establishments in Africa
604:
272:
768:"7th Frontier War 1846–1847"
420:Queen Adelaide Land district
7:
572:
442:, and again annexed to the
227:region was known simply as
10:
975:
796:Spanuth, Johannes (1914).
491:British Kaffraria Act 1865
484:United Kingdom legislation
276:
154:(King William's Town) and
15:
904:East London, South Africa
543:
538:
525:
515:
501:
496:
489:
381:The area was named after
160:Queen Adelaide's Province
137:
133:
129:
119:
109:
105:
97:
93:
89:
79:
75:
67:
57:
47:
42:
34:
29:
934:1860s in the Cape Colony
929:1850s in the Cape Colony
924:1840s in the Cape Colony
919:1830s in the Cape Colony
648:. S. Solomon. p. 46
624:. S. Solomon. p. 43
448:British Kaffraria Colony
249:Similar to elsewhere in
827:(in English and German)
368:Queen Adelaide Province
569:independent homeland.
315:
261:, when it crossed the
121:• Disestablished
393:, the authorities in
362:, and annexed to the
313:
158:. It was also called
470:Xhosa cattle-killing
360:Sir Benjamin d'Urban
851: /
452:King William's Town
446:, this time as the
372:King William's Town
162:and, unofficially,
111:• Established
62:King William's Town
559:on 17 April 1866.
333:British commander
316:
37:the British Empire
855:32.883°S 27.400°E
553:
552:
532:28 & 29 Vict.
497:Act of Parliament
221:British Kaffraria
144:British Kaffraria
141:
140:
30:British Kaffraria
966:
866:
865:
863:
862:
861:
856:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
828:
811:
810:
808:
807:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
774:. Archived from
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
739:
733:
728:
719:
714:
705:
699:
690:
689:
674:
668:
663:
657:
656:
654:
653:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
615:
506:
505:
492:
487:
486:
299:Sandile kaNgqika
164:British Kaffiria
52:
27:
26:
974:
973:
969:
968:
967:
965:
964:
963:
869:
868:
860:-32.883; 27.400
859:
857:
853:
850:
845:
842:
840:
838:
837:
826:
820:
815:
814:
805:
803:
794:
790:
781:
779:
766:
765:
761:
752:
750:
741:
740:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
700:
693:
678:Harper, Douglas
675:
671:
664:
660:
651:
649:
640:
636:
627:
625:
616:
612:
607:
575:
511:
503:
490:
485:
482:
466:
432:
411:
391:Colonial Office
387:King William IV
352:
335:Sir Harry Smith
314:Sir Harry Smith
308:
281:
275:
259:Bantu expansion
251:Southern Africa
247:
122:
112:
82:
53:
25:
12:
11:
5:
972:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
835:
834:
829:
819:
818:External links
816:
813:
812:
788:
772:Makana Tourism
759:
734:
720:
706:
691:
669:
658:
634:
609:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
574:
571:
551:
550:
547:
541:
540:
536:
535:
529:
523:
522:
519:
513:
512:
507:
499:
498:
494:
493:
483:
481:
478:
465:
462:
431:
428:
410:
407:
385:, the wife of
383:Queen Adelaide
351:
348:
328:Queen Victoria
307:
304:
303:
302:
296:
277:Main article:
274:
271:
246:
243:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
45:
44:
40:
39:
32:
31:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
971:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
867:
864:
833:
830:
825:
822:
821:
801:
800:
792:
778:on 2014-10-06
777:
773:
769:
763:
749:on 2016-11-26
748:
744:
738:
732:
727:
725:
718:
713:
711:
704:
698:
696:
687:
683:
680:(2001–2010).
679:
673:
667:
662:
647:
646:
638:
623:
622:
614:
610:
600:
599:Ngqika people
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
570:
568:
563:
560:
558:
549:27 March 1865
548:
546:
542:
537:
533:
530:
528:
524:
520:
518:
514:
510:
500:
495:
488:
477:
475:
471:
461:
459:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
427:
425:
421:
415:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
347:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
323:
321:
312:
300:
297:
294:
293:
292:
290:
286:
280:
279:Ngqika people
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
245:Colonial rule
242:
240:
235:
233:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:Swahili coast
205:
204:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
114:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
51:
46:
41:
38:
33:
28:
23:
19:
899:Eastern Cape
836:
804:. Retrieved
798:
791:
780:. Retrieved
776:the original
771:
762:
751:. Retrieved
747:the original
737:
685:
672:
661:
650:. Retrieved
644:
637:
626:. Retrieved
620:
613:
564:
561:
554:
545:Royal assent
474:crown colony
467:
456:
447:
433:
419:
416:
412:
399:Lord Glenelg
380:
367:
353:
332:
324:
317:
306:British rule
282:
267:Xhosa people
248:
236:
228:
220:
217:Eastern Cape
201:
191:
183:Xhosa people
177:annexed the
172:
167:
163:
159:
148:South Africa
143:
142:
81:• 1858
858: /
557:Cape Colony
444:Cape Colony
440:Harry Smith
424:Grahamstown
364:Cape Colony
320:Cape Colony
175:Cape Colony
156:East London
873:Categories
806:2015-03-03
782:2015-03-03
753:2012-11-18
652:2013-07-24
628:2013-07-24
605:References
594:Xhosa Wars
517:Long title
434:After the
354:After the
273:Xhosa rule
168:Kaffirland
68:Population
35:Colony of
589:Kaffraria
263:Kei river
230:Kaffraria
194:Kaffraria
192:The term
43:1835–1866
18:Kaffraria
682:"Kaffir"
584:Transkei
573:See also
527:Citation
225:Transkei
22:Cafreria
846:27°24′E
843:32°53′S
450:, with
422:, with
343:Sandile
255:Khoisan
98:History
58:Capital
579:Ciskei
567:Ciskei
458:German
401:, the
395:London
289:Rarabe
285:Ngqika
239:Ciskei
232:proper
198:Kaffir
179:Ciskei
101:
85:52,535
71:
909:Qonce
703:2018.
539:Dates
376:Fengu
339:India
203:kafir
152:Qonce
534:c. 5
213:Arab
166:and
125:1866
115:1835
366:as
211:by
875::
770:.
723:^
709:^
694:^
684:.
269:.
241:.
170:.
809:.
785:.
756:.
688:.
655:.
631:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
