426:(MTCRâsee Glossary), formed on April 16, 1987. Given Brazil's advanced nuclear program, the United States was especially concerned that a potential Brazilian ballistic missile could eventually serve as a vehicle for a nuclear warhead. The United States restrictions on space technology to Brazil stalled Brazil's VLS (Satellite Launch Vehicle) program and ballistic missile research and development, strained United States security relations with Brazil, and prompted Brazil to explore closer ties with China, Russia, and various countries in Europe and the Middle East (especially Iraq). In October 1995, for example, Brazil offered Russia the use of its Alcântara base, to launch rockets.
373:). The AEB replaced Cobae, which acted merely as an advisory body and had no staff. The AEB, a semi-autonomous agency, has its own staff and responsibilities for policy implementation. It is led by a civilian, who is under the direct control of the president. The AEB oversees the MECB, but the Ministry of Aeronautics is still in charge of launch facilities and launch vehicles, and the INPE continues to direct the development of satellites. It remains to be seen, therefore, whether the AEB can effectively oversee the various ministries involved in the MECB.
308:, which is in charge of the Department of Science and Aerospace Technology (CTA, for CiĂŞncia & Tecnologia Aeroespacial). Created in 1950, the CTA is involved in research and development for the aerospace programs of the FAB (Brazilian Air Force). In 1965 the FAB created the Space Activities Center (Instituto de Atividades EspaciaisâIAE), one of several institutes within the CTA, to develop rockets. Since its creation, the IAE has tested more than 2,000 rockets.
275:), the high-resolution CBERS will collect data from the entire planet and will be used for agriculture, geology, hydrology, and the environment. The Sino-Brazilian agreement was inactive from 1988 through 1991 because of Brazil's lack of funds. In October 1991 and November 1994, Brazil and China signed an additional agreements for the construction of the satellites, worth US$ 150 million. The CBERS-1 was scheduled to be launched in May 1997.
27:
176:
2090:
391:
Brazil no longer relies as heavily on the United States for space technology. In 1981, it unveiled the MECB, an ambitious US$ 1 billion program with the aim of attaining self-sufficiency in space technology. At that time, Brazil committed itself to launching a series of four
Brazilian-made satellites
376:
The AEB was created in part to deflect criticism from the United States government, which viewed with alarm the involvement of Brazil's military in the MECB. The United States played a central role in the development of Brazil's MECB, beginning with its financial and technological support for the CTA
414:
In the mid-1980s through the early 1990s, many United States policy makers were concerned with Brazil's MECB because of the possibility of diverting space-launch technology to a ballistic missile program. Although by mid-1997 Brazil had not produced a ballistic missile, its military had given high
429:
In
February 1994, Brazil announced that it would comply with MTCR guidelines. Such compliance would include export controls on Brazilian space and missile goods and technology. Brazil's accession to the MTCR coincided with various attempts by the United States to cooperate in space activities and
346:
Within Brazil's MECB, civilians have been primarily responsible for satellite production, and the armed forces have been in charge of developing launch pads and rockets. Despite this division of labor, the armed forces were the dominant actors in the MECB, at least through 1993. Military officers
446:
In 2011, Wikileaks revealed that the U.S. government has tried to stop the creation and production of rockets in Brazil, demanding that
Brazilian partners, such as Ukraine, not transfer their technology in this area to the country. The restriction was registered in a telegram sent by the U.S.'
455:
The United States also does not allow the launch of US satellites (or those manufactured by other countries but containing US components) from the
Alcantara Launch Center, "because of our longstanding policy of not encouraging Brazil's native rocket program", according to another confidential
451:"We do not support Brazil's native space launch vehicle program. ... We want to remind the Ukrainian authorities that the US does not oppose the establishment of a launching platform in Alcântara, as long as such activity does not result in the transfer of rocket technologies to Brazil."
430:
seemed to signal a new era in space relations. Brazil's application for MTCR membership was accepted in
October 1995. Thus, by the end of 1995 Brazil's space capabilities were improving, although they were modest by the standards of countries such as the
342:
and roughly the CTA's counterpart. The INPE develops satellites and conducts space and meteorological research. It has also been developing engines using liquid propellants since 1988, but with mixed results.
319:), was established and placed under the CSN (National Security Council). Cobae was chaired by the head of the Armed Forces General Staff (Estado-Maior das Forças ArmadasâEMFA) and was in charge of the
312:
331:
282:
411:, France, and especially China. One joint satellite project with China is the ChinaâBrazil Earth Resources Satellite. Brazil is also seeking space cooperation with new partners, such as Israel.
419:(MAA-1). Brazil's space-launch program, coupled with its artillery rocket technology, suggests that the country has the potential to develop advanced missiles, including ballistic missiles.
438:. Some experts argued for the dismantlement of the VLS long-range rocket upon accession, in line with Argentina and South Africa discontinuing similar programs over weaponization concerns.
377:
and the INPE. In 1966 the United States supplied sounding rockets, which were launched subsequently by Brazil. Based on that technology, Brazil later developed larger boosters of its own.
320:
167:) blocked technological development due to concerns over missile proliferation. In 1994, the space program was transferred to civilian control under the Brazilian Space Agency.
395:
In further moves away from dependence on the United States, in the 1980s Brazil took steps to become self-sufficient in the production of ammonium perchlorate, an oxidizer for
384:(NASA) worked with the INPE, sharing data, helping to develop and implement scientific experiments, and training the institute's technicians and scientists. Likewise, the
2038:
1763:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
388:
worked with Brazil's
Ministry of Aeronautics and established a number of data-exchange agreements with the CTA that covered such matters as weather forecasting.
1780:
1776:
1772:
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221:'s home state. The CLA, officially dedicated on February 21, 1990, cost more than US$ 470 million to develop. It is the closest launch center to the
249:
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1980:
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381:
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163:(MCT). Upon its founding the program was under complete military control, which hindered its development, as other countries (such as the
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339:
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160:
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91:
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63:
44:
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The ties between Brazil and the United States were generally along functional lines within the two governments. The United States
139:
from 1961, under GOCNAE (Group for the
Organization of the National Commission on Space Activities) until the creation of the
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205:
in the
Northeast Region. The Sonda IV rocket was tested successfully on April 28, 1989. Subsequent launches were made from the
70:
2348:
1808:
267:) of two earth-imaging satellites to be launched by a Long March Chinese rocket from the Shanxi Launching site. Known as the
156:
77:
422:
From 1987 to 1994, the United States sought to stifle the development of Brazil's ballistic missile program through the
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263:
On July 6, 1988, Brazil signed an agreement with China that calls for the joint development (between the INPE and the
2322:
423:
110:
59:
2439:
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327:). The MECB was created in 1981 to coordinate launch vehicles, launch sites, and the manufacturing of satellites.
48:
2124:
245:
2086:
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198:
305:
399:. In addition to its indigenous research and development, Brazil now cooperates in its space program with
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289:), owns and operates a series of satellites that are positioned in geostationary orbit over the equator.
202:
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1934:
244:
On
February 9, 1993, the first satellite developed entirely in Brazil, the Data-Collecting Satellite (
206:
84:
226:
1844:
1829:
385:
330:
On the civilian side, the MECB is headed by the INPE. Established in 1971, the INPE replaced the
37:
2396:
2343:
2031:[Review of construction milestones between CONAE and INVAP for the SABIA-Mar mission].
1803:
366:
356:
140:
404:
248:âSCD-1), was launched. The SCD-1, sometimes referred to as the "green" satellite, is used by
230:
1913:
264:
234:
361:
In an attempt to place the MECB more firmly in the hands of civilians, Brazil's
President
8:
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2007:
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225:
in the world (2.3 degrees south of the equator), making it attractive for launches of
132:
1580:
LATTES 1 (Equatorial Atmosphere Research Satellite, Monitor e Imageador de Raios-X)
257:
2417:
416:
1959:
294:
256:) agencies. Both the SCD-1 The SCD-2, which was launched October 22, 1998, by a
2209:
194:
184:
144:
2029:"RevisiĂłn de hitos constructivos entre CONAE e INVAP para la misiĂłn SABIA-Mar"
392:(two for weather forecasting and two for terrain photography) from Alcântara.
218:
2433:
431:
362:
164:
2139:
2274:
447:
Department of State to their embassy in Brasilia, January 2009, as follows:
2401:
1459:
Cruzeiro (Hypersonic Accelerator Vehicle, Scramjet 14-X S1 Demonstrator)
290:
238:
148:
1981:"EUA tentaram impedir programa brasileiro de foguetes, revela WikiLeaks"
1892:"Brazil's Alcantara: Why are Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Vector interested"
304:
Until 1994, the military directed most of the space program through the
214:
396:
193:), Brazil has developed a series of sounding (research) rockets, named
415:
priority to the development of several missile systems, including the
281:, a formerly state-controlled communications company in charge of the
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2301:
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152:
26:
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175:
222:
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2089:
1540:
Hypersonic Accelerator Vehicle (Scramjet 14-X S2 Demonstrator)
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136:
128:
2420:(collaboration with the United States and 10 other countries)
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I, II, III, and IV. The early Sondas were test-launched from
188:
2134:
347:
occupied most of the high-ranking positions in the MECB.
233:
from Brazil may require 20% less fuel than launches from
1935:"NPT 3.3: Brazil's Accession to the MTCR - bowen33.pdf"
273:
SatĂŠlite Sino-Brasileiro de Recursos Terrestres--CBERS
287:
Sistema Brasileiro de Comunicação por SatÊlites--SBTS
1416:São Lourenço (Satellite Atmospheric Reentry-Sub 1)
317:
ComissĂŁo Brasileira de Atividades Espaciais - Cobae
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1870:"The Brazilian space program - Space Legal Issues"
1798:Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology
311:In 1971, a joint civilian-military committee, the
16:Space program of the Federative Republic of Brazil
365:signed a bill on February 10, 1994, creating the
293:, a French space and defense partner of France's
2431:
674:SĂŁo LuĂs (SATEC, Unosat, exploded during tests)
260:(a U.S. rocket), to collect environmental data.
254:INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
336:ComissĂŁo Nacional de Atividades Espaciais--CNAE
250:Brazilian National Institute for Space Research
1793:Department of Aerospace Science and Technology
269:ChinaâBrazil Earth Resources Satellite program
2072:
382:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1830:"Development of the Brazilian Space Program"
301:satellites in February 1985 and March 1986.
143:in 1994. It has significant capabilities in
2359:Aerospace Technology and Science Department
2079:
2065:
1987:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 January 2011
1487:AmazĂ´nia-1B (Remote Sensing Satellite-1B)
1377:L5 Raposa (EstĂĄgio Propulsivo LĂquido-ME)
459:
1550:Microsatellite Launch Vehicle-1 (XVT-00)
350:
325:MissĂŁo Espacial Completa Brasileira--MECB
313:Brazilian Commission for Space Activities
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1608:AmazĂ´nia-2 (Remote Sensing Satellite-2)
332:National Commission for Space Activities
283:Brazilian Satellite Communication System
174:
1720:
467:Brazil Launch Record (1983 to present)
2432:
523:Brasil (Data Collection Satellite-2A)
211:Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara--CLA
2349:National Institute for Space Research
2060:
2005:
1809:National Institute for Space Research
1709:Microsatellite Launch Vehicle-1 V-01
183:Since 1964, in an attempt to build a
157:National Institute for Space Research
1403:Barreira XII (XII Jornada Espacial)
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
2354:Aeronautics Institute of Technology
2298:("Cruzeiro do Sul" launcher family)
1842:
13:
1889:
1621:Carponis 2 (Ăptico Nacionalizado)
340:Ministry of Science and Technology
338:). The INPE is subordinate to the
241:launches would require more fuel.
161:Ministry of Science and Technology
155:manufacturing. It is based at the
14:
2451:
2323:Barreira do Inferno Launch Center
1914:"Sat?te de Coleta de Dados - SCD"
1771:, launched on November 14, 2007,
717:Angicos (GPS technology mission)
424:Missile Technology Control Regime
199:Barreira do Inferno Launch Center
190:VeĂculo Lançador de SatĂŠlite--VLS
2104:Science and technology in Brazil
2088:
1960:"Missile Proliferation - Brazil"
1957:
1911:
1647:Atticora (ComunicaçÜes Tåticas)
441:
371:AgĂŞncia Espacial Brasileira--AEB
321:Complete Brazilian Space Mission
25:
2021:
1374:V13/EstĂĄgio Propulsivo LĂquido
670:Satellite Launcher Vehicle-1 F3
564:Satellite Launcher Vehicle-1 F2
519:Satellite Launcher Vehicle-1 F1
36:needs additional citations for
1999:
1973:
1951:
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1905:
1883:
1862:
1836:
1822:
926:Maracati II VĂ´o 2 (MICROG 1A)
297:group, launched the first two
1:
1815:
2304:(collaboration with Ukraine)
1553:Dummy Payload (Test Flight)
1473:Dummy Payload (Test Flight)
627:XV-31 Parnamirim (F2Glow-2)
7:
1786:
1781:Band Ku Coverage â Mercosul
246:SatĂŠlite de Coleta de Dados
10:
2456:
1476:Date Changed, Test Flight
1400:Basic Training Rocket V30
1387:Basic Training Rocket V29
1358:Basic Training Rocket V28
1319:Basic Training Rocket V27
1306:Basic Training Rocket V26
1267:Basic Training Rocket V25
1254:Basic Training Rocket V24
1199:Basic Training Rocket V23
1186:Basic Training Rocket V22
1173:Basic Training Rocket V21
1160:Basic Training Rocket V20
1147:Basic Training Rocket V19
1134:Basic Training Rocket V18
1121:Basic Training Rocket V17
1108:Basic Training Rocket V16
1095:Basic Training Rocket V15
1082:Basic Training Rocket V14
1040:Basic Training Rocket F13
1001:Basic Training Rocket V12
988:Basic Training Rocket V11
936:Basic Training Rocket V10
884:Basic Training Rocket V09
844:Basic Training Rocket V08
831:Basic Training Rocket V07
818:Basic Training Rocket V06
805:Basic Training Rocket V05
792:Basic Training Rocket V04
779:Basic Training Rocket V03
766:Basic Training Rocket V02
753:Basic Training Rocket V01
354:
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2315:
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2110:
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1390:Barreira XI (do Inferno)
873:Barreira III (cancelled)
466:
60:"Brazilian space program"
1322:FalcĂŁo I-2014 (AVIBRAS)
1244:IguaĂba VĂ´o 2 (INPE 14)
227:geostationary satellites
185:satellite launch vehicle
2440:Space program of Brazil
2328:Alcântara Launch Center
2095:Brazilian space program
1030:Fogtrein II-2011 VĂ´o 2
1017:Fogtrein II-2011 VĂ´o 1
900:Fogtrein II-2010 VĂ´o 2
887:Fogtrein II-2010 VĂ´o 1
460:Table of Launch Records
386:United States Air Force
306:Ministry of Aeronautics
207:Alcântara Launch Center
125:Brazilian space program
2411:International programs
2344:Brazilian Space Agency
2008:"Brazil Launch Record"
1804:Brazilian Space Agency
1443:Basic Training Rocket
1072:Brasil-Alemanha VĂ´o 2
1056:Brasil-Alemanha VĂ´o 1
978:Fogtrein I-2011 VĂ´o 2
965:Fogtrein I-2011 VĂ´o 1
870:Basic Training Rocket
860:Fogtrein I-2010 VĂ´o 2
847:Fogtrein I-2010 VĂ´o 1
453:
367:Brazilian Space Agency
357:Brazilian Space Agency
351:Brazilian Space Agency
180:
141:Brazilian Space Agency
135:programs conducted by
2418:Artemis Space Program
1849:www.daviddarling.info
449:
405:European Space Agency
179:VLS on the launch pad
178:
1721:Brazilian Satellites
1634:SABIA-Mar 1 (SAC E)
1567:Carponis 1 (Ăptico)
1241:/Improved Orion V10
1124:Ăguia I-2012 Fase 2
1111:Ăguia Iâ2012 Fase 1
1004:FalcĂŁo I-2011 VĂ´o 2
991:FalcĂŁo I-2011 VĂ´o 1
640:/Improved Orion V02
614:XV-30 Alecrim (PSO)
598:/Improved Orion V01
585:Lençóis Maranhenses
265:Chinese Space Agency
235:Kennedy Space Center
45:improve this article
2161:Flora Hiperspectral
2006:Pietrobon, Steven.
1053:Improved Orion V05
949:Improved Orion V04
910:Improved Orion V03
740:Improved Orion V02
727:Improved Orion V01
537:Livramento (VAP 1)
456:document released.
231:Equatorial launches
201:, near the city of
1529:Successful launch
1170:27 September 2012
1157:19 September 2012
913:Maracati II VĂ´o 1
894:30 September 2010
881:20 September 2010
795:FogTrein II VĂ´o 2
782:FogTrein II VĂ´o 1
568:Almenara (SACI 2)
181:
159:(INPE), under the
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2397:MissĂŁo CentenĂĄrio
2311:
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2189:
2188:
2041:. 17 October 2022
1890:Sheetz, Michael.
1718:
1717:
1523:PSLV C51 (Ăndia)
1520:28 February 2021
1410:13 November 2015
1397:10 December 2014
1368:2 September 2014
1222:29 November 2012
1209:13 November 2012
1050:25 November 2011
1024:2 September 2011
920:12 December 2010
802:25 February 2010
769:FogTrein I VĂ´o 2
756:FogTrein I VĂ´o 1
708:16 December 2007
634:23 November 2002
560:11 December 1999
133:space exploration
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1845:"space agencies"
1843:Darling, David.
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1777:Band Ku Coverage
1424:9 December 2018
1235:8 December 2012
1196:7 November 2012
1183:31 October 2013
1063:2 December 2011
1037:20 October 2011
907:6 December 2010
789:21 October 2009
776:20 October 2009
724:27 October 2008
682:24 October 2004
650:1 December 2002
608:9 December 2000
576:6 February 2000
515:2 November 1997
508:DLR AL-VS30-223
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1773:Band C Coverage
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1384:2 October 2014
1355:28 August 2014
1342:21 August 2014
1309:FalcĂŁo II-2013
1296:TangarĂĄ I-2013
1011:31 August 2011
867:26 August 2010
763:13 August 2009
750:10 August 2009
666:22 August 2003
592:21 August 2000
475:Launch Vehicle
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2037:(in Spanish).
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1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:FalcĂŁo I-2020
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1421:
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1417:
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1349:
1348:Ăguia II-2014
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
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1330:
1326:
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1316:12 March 2014
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1303:8 August 2013
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1287:
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1270:FalcĂŁo I-2013
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1251:13 March 2013
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
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1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:IguaĂba VĂ´o 1
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:Barreira VIII
1200:
1197:
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1187:
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1144:8 August 2012
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1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:29 March 2012
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:FalcĂŁo I-2012
1083:
1080:
1079:14 March 2012
1076:
1075:
1073:
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933:27 April 2011
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854:3 August 2010
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838:
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835:
832:
829:
828:29 April 2010
825:
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815:27 April 2010
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544:15 March 1999
541:
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531:21 March 1998
528:
527:
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516:
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499:28 April 1997
496:
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476:
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469:
468:
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443:
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355:Main article:
352:
349:
258:Pegasus rocket
172:
169:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2452:
2441:
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2159:
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2147:
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2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2009:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1961:
1958:Time, Which.
1954:
1936:
1930:
1915:
1908:
1893:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1831:
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1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:Test Flight?
1596:
1593:
1591:VLX/Aquila 1
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:Date Changed
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
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1549:
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1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:Date Changed
1461:
1458:
1455:
1453:October 2020
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1440:25 June 2020
1439:
1438:
1435:
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1429:
1426:
1423:
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1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
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1395:
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1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:Ăguia I-2014
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:26 June 2013
1289:
1288:
1285:
1283:Ăguia I-2013
1282:
1279:
1277:13 June 2013
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
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1237:
1234:
1233:
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1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:Barreira VII
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:21 June 2012
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
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1113:
1110:
1107:
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1103:
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1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:17 June 2011
997:
996:
993:
990:
987:
985:16 June 2011
984:
983:
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869:
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849:
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843:
841:26 July 2010
840:
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827:
826:
823:
820:
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814:
813:
810:
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797:
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788:
787:
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771:
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749:
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745:
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739:
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735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
703:
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697:
695:19 July 2007
694:
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584:
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562:
559:
558:
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552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
539:
536:
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530:
529:
525:
522:
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
494:
491:
488:
486:2 April 1993
485:
484:
480:
477:
474:
471:
470:
465:
457:
452:
448:
442:Controversies
439:
437:
433:
432:United States
427:
425:
420:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
389:
387:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
363:Itamar Franco
358:
348:
344:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
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266:
261:
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232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
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200:
196:
192:
191:
186:
177:
168:
166:
165:United States
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: â
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2337:Organisation
2316:Launch sites
2094:
2043:. Retrieved
2032:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1912:Pike, John.
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:
1838:
1824:
1764:USA Coverage
1754:BrasilSat B4
1745:BrasilSat B3
1736:BrasilSat B2
1727:BrasilSat B1
1699:SABIA-Mar 2
1556:Test Flight
1513:Hexafly-INT
1264:23 May 2013
1257:Barreira IX
1137:Barreira VI
1118:29 May 2012
1105:24 May 2012
972:27 May 2011
959:26 May 2011
946:11 May 2011
939:Barreira IV
834:Barreira II
737:29 May 2009
621:12 May 2002
534:VS-40 PT-02
492:Santa Maria
489:VS-40 PT-01
454:
450:
445:
428:
421:
413:
394:
390:
379:
375:
370:
360:
345:
335:
329:
324:
316:
310:
303:
295:AĂŠrospatiale
286:
277:
272:
262:
253:
243:
217:, President
210:
189:
182:
149:launch sites
124:
122:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2045:14 December
1991:26 December
1769:Star One C1
1660:Lessonia 1
1526:Amazonia 1
1456:VSB-30 V32
1413:VS-40M V03
1361:Barreira X
1329:9 May 2014
1043:Barreira V
923:VSB-30 V07
808:Barreira I
743:Maracati I
698:VSB-30 V04
685:VSB-30 V01
553:SĂŁo Marcos
397:solid fuels
291:Arianespace
239:Polar orbit
219:JosĂŠ Sarney
101:August 2014
2111:Satellites
1854:11 October
1816:References
1215:TangarĂĄ I
1189:FalcĂŁo VI
1150:FalcĂŁo IV
952:Camurupim
643:Piraperna
71:newspapers
2402:GaratĂŠa-L
2302:Tsyklon-4
2166:SABIA-Mar
1712:SHEFEX 3
1670:Aquila 2
1500:GEOMET 1
1176:FalcĂŁo V
1098:Valentim
876:Canceled
821:FalcĂŁo I
730:Parelhas
601:Baronesa
299:Brasilsat
153:satellite
2434:Category
2368:Missions
2289:Canceled
2261:vehicles
2239:Canceled
2230:Fogtrein
2194:Sounding
2140:AmazĂ´nia
2118:Programs
2013:29 April
1965:24 April
1943:24 April
1919:29 April
1897:26 April
1875:17 March
1787:See also
1758:Coverage
1749:Coverage
1740:Coverage
1731:Coverage
1419:Failure
1345:FTI V12
1332:FTI V11
1293:FTI V10
1280:FTI V09
1225:FTI V08
1212:FTI V07
1027:FTI V06
1014:FTI V05
975:FTI V04
962:FTI V03
897:FTI V02
857:FTI V01
701:CumĂŁ II
688:Cajuana
677:Failure
624:Sonda 3
611:Sonda 3
571:Failure
526:Failure
478:Payload
279:Embratel
215:MaranhĂŁo
129:rocketry
2196:rockets
1985:O Globo
1537:VSB-30
407:(ESA),
223:equator
171:History
127:is the
85:scholar
2259:Launch
2220:VSB-30
2203:Active
2181:GEOMET
2176:LATTES
2039:MINCYT
1811:(INPE)
1706:2020s
1693:2020s
1686:Radar
1510:VS-50
1470:VS-50
1433:PSR 1
656:XV-06
582:XV-05
550:XV-04
505:XV-01
481:Notes
436:Russia
409:Russia
403:, the
401:Canada
237:, but
213:), in
151:, and
137:Brazil
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2375:VLS-1
2296:VLS-1
2280:VS-50
2246:VS-15
2225:VS-40
2215:VS-30
2210:Sonda
2156:ASTER
2130:CBERS
2034:CONAE
1938:(PDF)
1800:(CTA)
1680:2026
1667:2026
1654:2025
1641:2024
1628:2024
1615:2023
1602:2023
1588:2023
1574:2023
1561:2023
1547:2022
1534:2022
1507:2021
1481:2020
1467:2020
1428:VS-30
1372:VS-30
1239:VS-30
1067:VS-30
712:VS-30
659:CumĂŁ
654:VS-30
638:VS-30
596:VS-30
580:VS-30
548:VS-30
503:VS-30
472:Date
203:Natal
195:Sonda
92:JSTOR
78:books
2171:SARA
2135:SGDC
2047:2022
2015:2021
1993:2019
1967:2021
1945:2021
1921:2021
1899:2021
1877:2021
1856:2023
1696:TBD
1683:TBD
1673:TBD
1657:TBD
1644:TBD
1631:TBD
1618:TBD
1605:TBD
1594:TBD
1577:TBD
1564:TBD
1497:TBD
1494:TBD
1484:TBD
1430:V14
1069:V08
714:V07
434:and
131:and
123:The
64:news
2390:V03
2385:V02
2380:V01
2275:VLM
2125:SCD
47:by
2436::
1983:.
1847:.
1779:,
1775:,
1756:,
1747:,
1738:,
1729:,
229:.
147:,
2080:e
2073:t
2066:v
2049:.
2017:.
1995:.
1969:.
1947:.
1923:.
1901:.
1879:.
1858:.
1832:.
369:(
334:(
323:(
315:(
285:(
271:(
252:(
209:(
187:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:¡
82:¡
75:¡
68:¡
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
