Knowledge

Branwell Brontë

Source 📝

301:, wrote "Both Charlotte and Branwell ensured the consistency of their imaginary world. When Branwell exuberantly kills off important characters in his manuscripts, Charlotte comes to the rescue and, in effect, resurrects them for the next stories ; and when Branwell becomes bored with his inventions, such as the Glass Town magazine he edits, Charlotte takes over his initiative and keeps the publication going for several more years. It was Branwell, however, who took a pride in systematizing their private world and maintaining a consistent political structure, features typical of paracosmic play. He documented in encyclopaedic detail, in neat lists, footnotes, sketches, and maps, the geography, history, government, and social structure of the Glass Town Federation (and later, the new kingdom of Angria)—laying down the parameters of the imaginary world". He often wrote under several pseudonyms, such as Captain John Bud, Sergeant Bud, and Chief Genius Bany, who were also characters in their world. 438:
could do so legally !" In July 1845, he was dismissed from his position. According to Gaskell, he received a letter "sternly dismissing him, intimating that his proceedings were discovered, characterising them as bad beyond expression and charging him, on pain of exposure, to break off immediately, and for ever, all communication with every member of the family." Multiple explanations have been given for this, including inappropriate relationships with a Robinson daughter or son, or that he had passed forged cheques. The most likely explanation is Brontë's own account that he had an affair with Mrs Robinson which Brontë hoped would lead to marriage after her husband's death. For several months after his dismissal, he regularly received small amounts of money from Thorp Green, sent by Mrs. Robinson herself, probably to dissuade him from blackmailing his former employer and lover.
426:
missing sum was deducted from his salary. A description by Francis Leyland of Brontë at this time described him as "rather below middle height, but of a refined and gentleman-like appearance, and of graceful manners. His complexion was fair and his features handsome; his mouth and chin were well-shaped; his nose was prominent and of the Roman type; his eyes sparkled and danced with delight, and his forehead made up of a face of oval form which gave an irresistible charm to its possessor, and attracted the admiration of those who knew him." Another described him less flatteringly as "almost insignificantly small" and with "a mass of red hair which he wore brushed off his forehead – to help his height I fancy... small ferrety eyes, deep sunk and still further hidden by the never removed spectacles."
207: 328:, as drawing-master for the children. Bradley was an artist of some local repute, rather than a professional instructor, but he may well have fostered Branwell's enthusiasm for art and architecture. Bradley emigrated to America in 1831, and Branwell Brontë continued his studies under the portrait painter William Robinson. In 1834, he painted a portrait of his three sisters. He included his own image but became dissatisfied with it and painted it out. This portrait is now one of the best known images of the sisters and hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. 2022: 475: 2137: 537: 354: 2579: 1968: 271:, says of Branwell's schooling "Mr. Brontë's friends advised him to send his son to school; but, remembering both the strength of will of his own youth and his mode of employing it, he believed that Branwell was better at home, and that he himself could teach him well, as he had told others before." His two eldest sisters died just before his eighth birthday in 1825, and their loss affected him deeply. 458:
botherments." His behaviour became increasingly impossible and embarrassing to the family. He managed to set fire to his bed, after which his father had to sleep with him for the safety of the family. Towards the end of his life he was sending notes to a friend asking of "Five pence (5d) worth of Gin". Charlotte Brontë wrote to her publisher that Branwell died without "ever knowing that
433:, near York, where he was to tutor the Reverend Edmund Robinson's young son. His sister Anne had been the governess there since May 1840. As usual, at first things went well, with Charlotte reporting in January 1843 that her siblings were "both wonderously valued in their situations." During his 30 months service Branwell corresponded with several old friends about his increasing 313:, a Blackwood's writer, the 18-year-old Brontë boldly wrote to the magazine suggesting himself as a replacement. Between 1835 and 1842, Brontë wrote a total of six times to the magazine, sending poems and arrogantly offering his services. His letters were left unanswered. He began enjoying masculine company in the pubs in Haworth, and in February 1836 joined Haworth's 2009: 405:'s biography of the Brontës, he may have fathered an illegitimate child during time in the town, but others suspect that it may be more of Brontë's boasting. Coleridge began an encouraging letter about the quality of the translations in November–December 1840 but never finished it. In October 1840, Brontë moved near to 449:. During the 1840s, several of his poems were published in local newspapers under the name of Northangerland, making him the first of the Brontës to be a published poet. Soon however, after Mr Robinson's death, Mrs Robinson made clear that she was not going to marry Branwell, who then "declined into chronic 344:
school. More certainly, Brontë worked as a portrait painter in Bradford in 1838 and 1839. Though certain of his paintings, for example that of his landlady Mrs. Kirby and a portrait of Emily show talent for comedic and serious styles, other portraits lack life. He returned to Haworth in debt in 1839.
335:
seeking to be admitted. Earlier biographers reported a move to London to study painting, which quickly ended following Brontë's dissolute spending on drink. Other biographers speculated that he was too intimidated to present himself at the Academy. More recent scholarship suggests that Brontë did not
425:
in West Yorkshire, where his salary increased to £130. In 1842 he was dismissed due to a deficit in the accounts of £11–1s–7d (£11.06) This had probably been stolen by Watson, the porter, who was left in charge when Brontë went drinking. This was attributed to incompetence rather than theft and the
462:." However, according to Juliet Barker's biography, Branwell may have known about his sisters' publication of their poetry, having been the accidental recipient of some proofs since their pseudonyms were thought to be male. Barker also states that Branwell's friends said he claimed authorship of 437:
with Robinson's wife Lydia, née Gisborne, a charming and sophisticated woman, almost fifteen years senior to him. He wrote, perhaps unreliably, to one of his friends that "my mistress is DAMNABLY TOO FOND OF ME" and sent him a "lock of her hair, wch has lain at night on his breast – wd to God it
457:
and debt". Charlotte's letters from this time demonstrate that she was angered by his behaviour. In January 1847, he wrote to his friend Leyland about the easy existence he hoped for: "to try and make myself a name in the world of posterity, without being pestered by the small but countless
296:
were their politics and wars, including the destructive rivalry between their heroes, Charlotte's Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Zamorna, and his Alexander Percy, Earl of Northangerland. These writings impress by their virtuosity and scope, but are also repetitive when compared to Charlotte's
513:'s biography of Charlotte reports an eye-witness account that Brontë, wanting to show the power of the human will, decided to die standing up, "and when the last agony began, he insisted on assuming the position just mentioned." On 28 September 1848, he was interred in the family vault. 284:. He took a leadership role with Charlotte in a series of fantasy role-playing games which the siblings wrote and performed about the "Young Men", characters based on a set of wooden soldiers. The plays evolved into an intricate saga based in West Africa about the fictitious 372:. During this time he wrote letters to his pub friends in Haworth which give "a vivid picture of Branwell's scabrous humour, his boastfulness, and his need to be accepted in a man's world". According to Brontë, he started his job off with a riotous drinking session in 595:. In a parody of the "Hampstead intellectual" scene of the time of the book's creation, the Mr Mybug character boasts of working on a biography of Branwell Brontë, his thesis being that Branwell was in fact the real author of the books ascribed to his sisters. 862:(Merriam-Webster, incorporated, Publishers: Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995), p. viii: "When our research shows that an author's pronunciation of his or her name differs from common usage, the author's pronunciation is listed first, and the descriptor 197:
from the classics. However, he drifted between jobs, supporting himself by portrait-painting, and gave way to drug and alcohol addiction, apparently worsened by a failed relationship with a married woman. Brontë died at the age of 31.
304:
Surrounded by female company and missing that of males, there are signs of pleasure in his early works of the wider options he would have due to his sex. Aged 11 in January 1829 he began producing a magazine, later named
33: 368:
With his father, Brontë reviewed the classics with a view to future employment as a tutor. At the beginning of January 1840, he started his employment with the family of Robert Postlethwaite in
309:
which included his poems, plays, criticisms, histories, and dialogues. Unlike his sisters, Brontë was not prepared for a specific career. In his only real attempt to find work, on the death of
1402: 1171: 965: 584:(2014), a novel chronicling Branwell's final months, during which family secrets are revealed and he learns about the publication of his sisters' books. 1945: 606:(2023), Branwell is a major character, along with his sister Emily as the protagonist, as well as, to a lesser extent, the rest of the Brontë family. 1314: 337: 1244: 2614: 2445: 459: 1486: 573:
based on the lives of the Brontë sisters and featuring Branwell and Mrs Robinson, which premiered in Halifax on 9 September before touring.
2074: 2654: 2634: 553:
about the three sisters, in which Branwell was portrayed as a drunk and jealous brother due to the growing successes of his sisters.
2639: 2486: 2659: 2210: 2624: 2244: 1822: 1745: 1698: 1663: 1628: 1147: 1106: 1074: 2619: 2502: 1527: 288:
confederacy. From 1834, he both collaborated and competed with his sister Charlotte to describe another imaginary world,
1546: 684: 2644: 1931: 680: 401:. In June 1840 he sent the translations to Coleridge, after having been dismissed by the Postlethwaites. According to 1911: 1412: 1385: 1369: 1291: 421:, where he was paid £75 per annum (paid quarterly). Later, on 1 April 1841, he was promoted to 'clerk in charge' at 1501: 879: 391:. At Coleridge's invitation, he visited the poet at his cottage who encouraged him to pursue his translations of 2067: 2629: 2358: 418: 866:
precedes the more familiar pronunciation." See also entries on Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë, pp. 175–176.
422: 298: 206: 1783: 521: 445:, where he looked for another job, wrote poetry and attempted to adapt Angrian material into a book called 414: 2284: 2225: 1452: 748: 429:
In January 1843, after nine months at Haworth, Brontë took up another tutoring position in Thorp Green,
2291: 1769: 1252: 688: 2417: 2060: 2010:
Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New York Public Library
1204: 442: 357:
Branwell Brontë painted himself out of this painting of his three sisters Anne, Emily, and Charlotte,
2352: 2649: 2582: 1814:
The Brontës and War : Fantasy and Conflict in Charlotte and Branwell Brontë's Youthful Writings
841:(written 1838–1839 – a collection of childhood and young adult writings including five short novels) 2391: 2168: 1573: 379:
During this employment he continued his literary work, including sending poems and translations to
249: 241: 83: 60: 2021: 263:
boarding school, Branwell was educated at home by his father, who gave him a classical education.
177:; 26 June 1817 – 24 September 1848) was an English painter and writer. He was the only son of the 1987: 1478: 406: 341: 280: 2251: 2045: 410: 321: 1436: 1340: 2124: 1137: 1062: 332: 2531: 629: 340:, Brontë's friend and a future biographer of the family, his first job was as an usher at a 193:. Brontë was rigorously tutored at home by his father, and earned praise for his poetry and 2609: 2604: 2563: 2523: 2346: 1283: 616: 569: 540:
Portrait by Brontë about 1833; it is disputed whether the image is of Emily or Anne Brontë.
369: 2385: 237: 8: 2480: 2439: 2161: 1986:, held by the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, 524:. Charlotte, the last living sister, married the Reverend Arthur Bell Nichols, curate of 2492: 2427: 2334: 2091: 683:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
268: 182: 2340: 1763: 1551: 1377: 275: 2555: 2547: 2476: 2449: 2189: 2175: 1927: 1907: 1863: 1828: 1818: 1751: 1741: 1704: 1694: 1669: 1659: 1634: 1624: 1408: 1381: 1287: 1226: 1143: 1102: 1070: 663: 650: 592: 510: 384: 380: 264: 2411: 2310: 1853: 520:
on 19 December of that year and Anne Brontë on 29 May 1849 in the coastal resort of
229: 103: 2270: 2116: 1276: 1216: 970: 487: 474: 163: 131: 2539: 2302: 2136: 2083: 989: 655: 549: 353: 178: 117: 2108: 668: 638: 430: 2328: 2145: 1740:. Charlotte Brontë, Christine Alexander. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. 186: 2316: 1058: 621: 588: 556: 498: 233: 107: 2201: 1832: 1638: 1547:"'Game of Thrones' Actor Jonathan Pryce Joins Sally Wainwright's Brontë Drama" 1453:"The Brontë Sisters - A True Likeness? - The Profile Portrait - Emily or Anne" 974: 190: 2598: 2182: 1891: 1755: 1708: 1230: 959: 645: 402: 396: 388: 314: 274:
Even as a young boy Brontë read extensively, and was especially fond of the "
2433: 1673: 761:
The History of the Young Men from Their First Settlement to the Present Time
536: 216:
The History of the Young Men from their First Settlement to the Present Time
2470: 2154: 1935: 1812: 1618: 700:"Lines Spoken by a Lawyer on the Occasion of the Transfer of This Magazine" 577: 517: 483: 482:
On 24 September 1848, Brontë died at Haworth parsonage, most likely due to
260: 1735: 1688: 1653: 1101:
Gaskell, Elizabeth; "The Life of Charlotte Brontë", Penguin Books, 1998,
544: 194: 297:
contributions. Christine Alexander, a Brontë juvenilia historian at the
2506: 2277: 2217: 2033: 1983: 741: 599: 528:, in 1854 and died in March 1855, due to complications from pregnancy. 502: 450: 310: 285: 211: 1737:
Tales of Glass Town, Angria, and Gondal : selected early writings
1205:"In Search of the Authorial Self: Branwell Brontë's Microcosmic World" 2401: 2261: 2100: 434: 1958: 1221: 1962: 1345:. Haskell House Publishers. 1895. pp. 192–3. GGKEY:HEW34A8GSYQ 506: 491: 325: 293: 245: 228:
Branwell Brontë was the fourth of six children and the only son of
2496: 2405: 2395: 2379: 2375: 2052: 1658:. Louise Barnard. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. pp. 29, 34–35. 564: 525: 454: 253: 79: 1978: 1172:"Professor Christine Alexander and Charlotte Bronte's juvenilia" 2453: 2421: 1333: 392: 373: 256:
when his father was appointed to the perpetual curacy in 1821.
336:
send the letter or even make the trip to London. According to
2382:
which was home to and is greatly associated with the Brontës)
501:, despite the fact that his death certificate notes "chronic 495: 1973: 1617:
Brontë, Patrick Branwell (2017). Neufeldt, Victor A. (ed.).
1884:
by Tom Winnifrith (1973 Macmillan, 1988 Palgrave Macmillan)
1528:"The phantom menace: in search of the real Branwell Brontë" 169: 152: 32: 143: 1856:(Toronto/NY: T. Nelson & Sons, 1961, Hutchinson 1972) 721:"Letter from a Father on Earth to His Child in Her Grave" 478:
Self caricature of Branwell (1847) in bed waiting to die.
409:, where he had many good friends including the sculptor 2473:(lifelong friend and correspondent of Charlotte Brontë) 587:
Branwell is referenced by the character "Mr Mybug" in
236:(1783–1821). He was born in a house (now known as the 2388:(house in Thornton, birthplace of the Brontë sisters) 1872:, ed. by Tom Winnifrith (Oxford: Blackwell Ltd, 1983) 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 146: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 413:
and Francis Grundy. He obtained employment with the
166: 149: 140: 137: 1926:, a novel based on Branwell Brontë's final months ( 134: 1690:Charlotte Brontë : the imagination in history 1275: 958: 880:"Brontë juvenilia: 'The History of the Young Men'" 813:An Historical Narrative of the War of Encroachment 317:of the Three Graces at the youngest possible age. 1920:, a biography of Emily Brontë, by Katherine Frank 1315:"National Portrait Gallery - Portrait - NPG 1725" 996: 777:Ode on the Celebration of the Great African Games 466:(though they may have said this out of loyalty). 2596: 1374:The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, volume 1 1273: 818:An Historical Narrative of the War of Agression 2430:(waterfall associated with the Brontë sisters) 1974:Brontë Society and Parsonage Museum in Haworth 1693:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 9. 1620:The works of Patrick Branwell Brontë. Volume 1 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1057: 417:, initially as 'assistant clerk in charge' at 2436:(footpath associated with the Brontë sisters) 2068: 1942:Oblivion: The Lost Diaries of Branwell Brontë 1364: 1362: 1360: 803:Percy's Musings upon the Battle of Edwardston 1394: 1274:Alexander, Christine; Sellars, Jane (1995). 969:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 259:While four of his five sisters were sent to 1900:by Edward Chitham (2003 Palgrave Macmillan) 1544: 1428: 1112: 2414:(landscape portrayed in the Brontë novels) 2075: 2061: 2020: 1866:(Victor Gollancz 1960, Penguin Books 1972) 1441:. Smith, Elder & Company. p. 277. 1357: 860:Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature 441:Brontë returned home to his family at the 292:. Branwell's particular interest in these 31: 1784:"Brontë juvenilia: The History of Angria" 1267: 1245:"Haworth History – Haworth Masonic Lodge" 1220: 1202: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1984:Patrick Brontë papers, circa 1830s-1990s 1479:"Polly Teale on dramatising the Brontës" 1445: 1404:The Brontës at Haworth: The World Within 1400: 1368: 1135: 960:"Brontë, (Patrick) Branwell (1817–1848)" 956: 535: 473: 352: 205: 2442:(school attended by the Brontë sisters) 2211:Lines Composed in a Wood on a Windy Day 2034:Patrick Brontë papers circa 1830s-1990s 1894:(London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994) 1810: 1651: 1499: 1434: 1282:. Cambridge University Press. pp.  1142:. Frances Lincoln ltd. pp. 38–43. 966:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 952: 950: 948: 946: 944: 942: 940: 938: 936: 934: 932: 930: 928: 926: 924: 922: 920: 2597: 2361:(husband of first cousin once removed) 2245:Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell 1616: 1525: 1169: 1090: 918: 916: 914: 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 749:The Young Men's Magazine, Number 1 – 3 531: 2615:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis 2489:(lifelong friend of Charlotte Brontë) 2056: 1860:The Infernal World of Branwell Brontë 1806: 1804: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1489:from the original on 8 December 2022. 1476: 1870:The Poems of Patrick Branwell Brontë 1686: 1526:Wilson, Frances (12 February 2015). 1500:Brennan, Clare (17 September 2011). 1435:Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn (1870). 1203:Alexander, Christine (4 July 2018). 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 874: 872: 214:Federation and surrounding lands in 37:Branwell Brontë, self-portrait, 1840 1876:The Life of Patrick Branwell Brontë 1407:. Clarkson N. Potter. p. 118. 1061:; Barnard, Louise (29 March 2013). 897: 320:In 1829–30, Patrick Brontë engaged 278:", literary dialogues published in 13: 2499:who was loved by Charlotte Brontë) 2082: 1843: 1801: 1715: 1591: 1574:"Bronte juvenilia: 'Battell Book'" 1545:Barraclough, Leo (21 April 2016). 1163: 331:In 1835, he wrote a letter to the 61:Thornton, West Riding of Yorkshire 14: 2671: 2655:People from Thornton and Allerton 2635:English people of Cornish descent 2446:St Michael and All Angels' Church 1952: 1906:, A Novel of the Brontë Brother ( 1189: 869: 2578: 2577: 2135: 1966: 1882:The Brontës and their Background 460:his sisters had published a line 162: 130: 2640:English people of Irish descent 1776: 1680: 1645: 1566: 1538: 1519: 1502:"We Are Three Sisters – review" 1493: 1477:Teale, Polly (13 August 2005). 1470: 1342:In the Footsteps of the Brontës 1307: 307:Branwell's Blackwood's Magazine 252:, and moved with his family to 2660:Tuberculosis deaths in England 2408:which was home to the Brontës) 2398:which was home to the Brontës) 1237: 852: 654:(2016), a BBC drama about the 419:Sowerby Bridge railway station 324:, an artist from neighbouring 1: 2625:19th-century English painters 1170:Plater, Diana (6 June 2016). 845: 609: 423:Luddendenfoot railway station 358: 299:University of New South Wales 219: 181:, and brother of the writers 2452:of which Patrick Brontë was 2046:How to use archival material 1850:Branwell Brontë: a biography 1817:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 1438:The Life of Charlotte Brontë 1209:Journal of Juvenilia Studies 990:UK public library membership 957:Neufeldt, Victor A. (2004). 834:Life of Warner Howard Warner 728: 637:, 1979) he was portrayed by 415:Manchester and Leeds Railway 348: 267:, biographer of his sister, 7: 2226:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 1965:(public domain audiobooks) 733:(written with his sisters) 667:(2022) he was portrayed by 547:wrote a 2005 play entitled 10: 2676: 2620:19th-century English poets 2019:Berg Coll MSS 186117  1898:A Brontë Family Chronology 1063:"Brontë, Patrick Branwell" 828:Letters from an Englishman 793:The Politics of Verdopolis 678: 232:(1777–1861) and his wife, 16:British artist (1817-1848) 2645:English portrait painters 2572: 2516: 2463: 2368: 2301: 2260: 2236: 2200: 2144: 2133: 2090: 2028: 2015: 2005: 1401:Gardiner, Juliet (1992). 1176:The Sydney Morning Herald 1069:. Wiley. pp. 53–57. 447:And the Weary are at Rest 113: 99: 91: 68: 42: 30: 23: 2285:The Young Men's Magazine 2169:F. De Samara to A. G. A. 1959:Works by Branwell Brontë 1652:Barnard, Robert (2007). 1623:. Taylor & Francis. 787:Real Life in Verdopolis, 694: 674: 563:(2011), a re-working of 469: 250:West Riding of Yorkshire 201: 84:West Riding of Yorkshire 2418:Brontë Parsonage Museum 1988:New York Public Library 1914:), by Douglas A. Martin 823:Angria and the Angrians 126:Patrick Branwell Brontë 47:Patrick Branwell Brontë 1811:Butcher, Emma (2019). 1768:: CS1 maint: others ( 1687:Glen, Heather (2004). 1278:The Art of the Brontës 1251:. 2013. Archived from 1249:haworth-village.org.uk 1139:The Brontës at Haworth 1136:Dinsdale, Ann (2006). 798:An Angrain Battle Song 620:, he was portrayed by 541: 479: 411:Joseph Bentley Leyland 387:who both lived in the 365: 225: 2630:English male painters 2479:(lifelong friend and 2420:(former home and now 2349:(Charlotte's husband) 1655:A Brontë encyclopedia 1067:A Brontë Encyclopedia 975:10.1093/ref:odnb/3526 756:The Revenge A Tragedy 539: 516:Emily Brontë died of 477: 356: 333:Royal Academy of Arts 234:Maria Branwell Brontë 209: 2564:Victorian literature 2483:of Charlotte Brontë) 2347:Arthur Bell Nicholls 2252:List of Brontë poems 712:"Sir Henry Tunstall" 685:adding missing items 644:He was portrayed by 561:We are Three Sisters 370:Broughton-in-Furness 281:Blackwood's Magazine 240:) in Market Street, 218:by Branwell Brontë, 2440:Cowan Bridge School 2162:To a Wreath of Snow 1979:Brontë Italian Site 1948:(2022 Valley Press) 1788:The British Library 1578:The British Library 1457:Brontesisters.co.uk 1378:David & Charles 884:The British Library 604:My Brother’s Keeper 591:' 1932 comic novel 532:Cultural references 2341:Elizabeth Branwell 2237:Collaborative work 767:The Fate of Regina 630:The Brontë Sisters 542: 490:, alcoholism, and 480: 366: 276:Noctes Ambrosianae 226: 2592: 2591: 2549:To Walk Invisible 2477:Elizabeth Gaskell 2386:Brontë Birthplace 2190:Wuthering Heights 2176:Come hither child 2051: 2050: 2040: 2039: 1878:by Tom Winnifrith 1864:Daphne du Maurier 1824:978-3-319-95636-7 1747:978-0-19-153987-9 1700:978-1-4294-7076-6 1665:978-1-4051-5119-1 1630:978-1-138-92911-1 1532:The New Statesman 1149:978-0-7112-2572-5 1107:978-0-14-043493-4 1076:978-1-118-66133-8 988:(Subscription or 782:The Pirate A Tale 772:The Liar Detected 651:To Walk Invisible 614:In the 1946 film 593:Cold Comfort Farm 576:British novelist 511:Elizabeth Gaskell 464:Wuthering Heights 443:Haworth parsonage 385:Hartley Coleridge 381:Thomas De Quincey 265:Elizabeth Gaskell 238:Brontë Birthplace 123: 122: 72:24 September 1848 2667: 2581: 2580: 2533:Les Sœurs Brontë 2493:Constantin Héger 2428:Brontë Waterfall 2335:Elizabeth Brontë 2271:A Book of Ryhmes 2139: 2077: 2070: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2036: 2024: 2003: 2002: 1994: 1993: 1970: 1969: 1946:Dean de la Motte 1938:(2014 Doubleday) 1918:A Chainless Soul 1837: 1836: 1808: 1799: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1767: 1759: 1732: 1713: 1712: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1614: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1376:. Newton Abbot: 1366: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1281: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1255:on 31 March 2013 1241: 1235: 1234: 1224: 1200: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1133: 1110: 1099: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1055: 994: 993: 985: 983: 981: 962: 954: 895: 894: 892: 890: 876: 867: 856: 724:"The End of All" 689:reliable sources 635:Les Sœurs Brontë 509:" as the cause. 488:delirium tremens 363: 360: 269:Charlotte Brontë 224: 221: 176: 175: 172: 171: 168: 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 139: 136: 75: 56: 54: 35: 21: 20: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2568: 2517:Cultural legacy 2512: 2509:of the Brontës) 2459: 2424:of the Brontës) 2364: 2323:Branwell Brontë 2297: 2256: 2232: 2196: 2140: 2131: 2086: 2081: 2032: 1967: 1955: 1846: 1844:Further reading 1841: 1840: 1825: 1809: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1761: 1760: 1748: 1734: 1733: 1716: 1701: 1685: 1681: 1666: 1650: 1646: 1631: 1615: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1543: 1539: 1524: 1520: 1510: 1508: 1498: 1494: 1475: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1433: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1367: 1358: 1348: 1346: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1324: 1322: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1222:10.29173/jjs126 1201: 1190: 1180: 1178: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1134: 1113: 1100: 1091: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1059:Barnard, Robert 1056: 997: 987: 979: 977: 955: 898: 888: 886: 878: 877: 870: 857: 853: 848: 839:Tales of Angria 731: 697: 692: 677: 669:Fionn Whitehead 639:Pascal Greggory 612: 559:wrote the play 534: 472: 431:Little Ouseburn 361: 351: 338:Francis Leyland 222: 204: 165: 161: 133: 129: 106: 87: 77: 73: 64: 58: 52: 50: 49: 48: 38: 26: 25:Branwell Brontë 17: 12: 11: 5: 2673: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2586: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2553: 2545: 2537: 2529: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2500: 2490: 2484: 2474: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2415: 2412:Brontë Country 2409: 2399: 2389: 2383: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2359:William Morgan 2356: 2355:(uncle-in-law) 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2317:Maria Branwell 2314: 2311:Patrick Brontë 2307: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2288: 2281: 2274: 2266: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2222: 2214: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2186: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2158: 2150: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2121: 2113: 2105: 2096: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2084:Brontë sisters 2080: 2079: 2072: 2065: 2057: 2049: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2007: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1954: 1953:External links 1951: 1950: 1949: 1939: 1932:978-0857522870 1921: 1915: 1901: 1895: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1857: 1854:Winifred Gérin 1845: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1823: 1800: 1775: 1746: 1714: 1699: 1679: 1664: 1644: 1629: 1590: 1565: 1537: 1518: 1492: 1469: 1444: 1427: 1413: 1393: 1386: 1380:. p. 52. 1370:Marshall, John 1356: 1332: 1306: 1292: 1266: 1236: 1188: 1162: 1148: 1111: 1089: 1075: 995: 896: 868: 850: 849: 847: 844: 843: 842: 836: 831: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 758: 753: 745: 742:The Glass Town 738: 730: 727: 726: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 696: 693: 676: 673: 622:Arthur Kennedy 611: 608: 589:Stella Gibbons 557:Blake Morrison 533: 530: 486:aggravated by 471: 468: 350: 347: 230:Patrick Brontë 223: 1830–31 203: 200: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 108:Maria Branwell 104:Patrick Brontë 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 78: 76:(aged 31) 70: 66: 65: 59: 46: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2672: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650:Brontë family 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2585: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353:John Kingston 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2183:A Death-Scene 2180: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2127: 2126: 2125:The Professor 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1912:1-933368-00-4 1909: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1892:Juliet Barker 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1807: 1805: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1771: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1541: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1440: 1439: 1431: 1416: 1414:0-517-59267-3 1410: 1406: 1405: 1397: 1389: 1387:0-7153-4352-1 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1344: 1343: 1336: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1295: 1293:9780521438414 1289: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1270: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1177: 1173: 1166: 1151: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1108: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1078: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1002: 1000: 991: 976: 972: 968: 967: 961: 953: 951: 949: 947: 945: 943: 941: 939: 937: 935: 933: 931: 929: 927: 925: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 901: 885: 881: 875: 873: 865: 861: 855: 851: 840: 837: 835: 832: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 808:Mary's Prayer 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752:(August 1830) 751: 750: 746: 744: 743: 739: 736: 735: 734: 723: 720: 717: 715:"Penmaenmawr" 714: 711: 709:"Remember Me" 708: 706:"Thorp Green" 705: 703:"On Caroline" 702: 699: 698: 690: 686: 682: 672: 670: 666: 665: 659: 657: 656:Brontë family 653: 652: 647: 646:Adam Nagaitis 642: 640: 636: 632: 631: 625: 623: 619: 618: 607: 605: 601: 596: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 574: 572: 571: 570:Three Sisters 566: 562: 558: 554: 552: 551: 546: 538: 529: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 497: 493: 489: 485: 476: 467: 465: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 439: 436: 432: 427: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 403:Juliet Barker 400: 399: 394: 390: 389:Lake District 386: 382: 377: 375: 371: 355: 346: 343: 339: 334: 329: 327: 323: 318: 316: 315:Masonic Lodge 312: 308: 302: 300: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282: 277: 272: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 217: 213: 208: 199: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 179:Brontë family 174: 157: 127: 119: 118:Brontë family 116: 112: 109: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 85: 81: 71: 67: 62: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 2576: 2556: 2548: 2540: 2532: 2524: 2503:George Smith 2471:Ellen Nussey 2329:Maria Brontë 2322: 2290: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2243: 2224: 2216: 2188: 2123: 2115: 2107: 2099: 1941: 1936:Robert Edric 1923: 1917: 1903: 1897: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1859: 1849: 1813: 1791:. Retrieved 1787: 1778: 1736: 1689: 1682: 1654: 1647: 1619: 1581:. Retrieved 1577: 1568: 1556:. Retrieved 1550: 1540: 1531: 1521: 1509:. Retrieved 1506:The Guardian 1505: 1495: 1483:The Guardian 1482: 1472: 1462:22 September 1460:. Retrieved 1456: 1447: 1437: 1430: 1418:. Retrieved 1403: 1396: 1373: 1347:. Retrieved 1341: 1335: 1323:. Retrieved 1318: 1309: 1297:. Retrieved 1277: 1269: 1257:. Retrieved 1253:the original 1248: 1239: 1212: 1208: 1179:. Retrieved 1175: 1165: 1153:. Retrieved 1138: 1080:. Retrieved 1066: 978:. Retrieved 964: 887:. Retrieved 883: 863: 859: 858:As given by 854: 838: 833: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 760: 755: 747: 740: 737:Battell Book 732: 681:dynamic list 662: 661:In the film 660: 649: 643: 634: 628: 627:In the film 626: 615: 613: 603: 597: 586: 581: 578:Robert Edric 575: 568: 560: 555: 548: 543: 518:tuberculosis 515: 484:tuberculosis 481: 463: 446: 440: 428: 397: 378: 367: 330: 322:John Bradley 319: 306: 303: 289: 279: 273: 261:Cowan Bridge 258: 227: 215: 195:translations 125: 124: 74:(1848-09-24) 57:26 June 1817 18: 2610:1848 deaths 2605:1817 births 2559:(2022 film) 2551:(2016 film) 2543:(2005 play) 2535:(1979 film) 2527:(1946 film) 2487:Mary Taylor 2016:Identifiers 1997:Archives at 1888:The Brontës 1299:10 February 830:(1830–1832) 763:(1829–1831) 718:"Real Rest" 545:Polly Teale 522:Scarborough 435:infatuation 362: 1834 210:Map of the 160:, commonly 2599:Categories 2481:biographer 2464:Associates 2434:Brontë Way 2278:Glass Town 2218:Agnes Grey 1833:1130021690 1639:1062294207 1511:4 December 1319:npg.org.uk 992:required.) 846:References 789:volume 1–2 679:This is a 610:Portrayals 600:Tim Powers 503:bronchitis 451:alcoholism 311:James Hogg 286:Glass Town 212:Glass Town 92:Occupation 53:1817-06-26 2507:publisher 2402:Hartshead 2369:Locations 2325:(brother) 2262:Juvenilia 2101:Jane Eyre 2092:Charlotte 1924:Sanctuary 1764:cite book 1756:680002183 1709:139984116 1420:3 January 1349:26 August 1286:–24, 33. 1231:2561-8326 980:26 August 729:Juvenilia 582:Sanctuary 499:addiction 349:Adulthood 294:paracosms 183:Charlotte 114:Relatives 100:Parent(s) 86:, England 63:, England 2583:Category 2525:Devotion 2392:Thornton 2337:(sister) 2331:(sister) 2319:(mother) 2313:(father) 2213:" (1846) 2185:" (1844) 2178:" (1839) 2171:" (1838) 2164:" (1837) 2157:" (1837) 2117:Villette 2006:Location 1963:LibriVox 1904:Branwell 1674:76064670 1487:Archived 1372:(1969). 1215:: 3–19. 864:commonly 617:Devotion 602:' novel 507:marasmus 492:laudanum 326:Keighley 246:Bradford 242:Thornton 2497:teacher 2406:village 2396:village 2380:village 2376:Haworth 2109:Shirley 1793:13 June 1583:13 June 1552:Variety 1259:10 June 565:Chekhov 526:Haworth 455:opiates 407:Halifax 342:Halifax 254:Haworth 244:, near 95:Painter 80:Haworth 2541:Brontë 2454:pastor 2450:church 2422:museum 2343:(aunt) 2303:Family 2292:Gondal 2248:(1846) 2229:(1848) 2221:(1847) 2193:(1847) 2128:(1857) 2120:(1853) 2112:(1849) 2104:(1847) 2029:Source 1934:), by 1930:  1910:  1831:  1821:  1754:  1744:  1707:  1697:  1672:  1662:  1637:  1627:  1411:  1384:  1325:12 May 1321:. 2015 1290:  1229:  1181:7 June 1155:27 May 1146:  1105:  1082:18 May 1073:  986: 889:7 June 580:wrote 550:Brontë 393:Horace 374:Kendal 290:Angria 189:, and 2557:Emily 2155:Lines 2146:Emily 1944:, by 1558:9 May 695:Poems 687:with 675:Works 664:Emily 496:opium 470:Death 202:Youth 187:Emily 2202:Anne 1928:ISBN 1908:ISBN 1829:OCLC 1819:ISBN 1795:2021 1770:link 1752:OCLC 1742:ISBN 1705:OCLC 1695:ISBN 1670:OCLC 1660:ISBN 1635:OCLC 1625:ISBN 1585:2021 1560:2016 1513:2022 1464:2018 1422:2021 1409:ISBN 1382:ISBN 1351:2012 1327:2015 1301:2017 1288:ISBN 1261:2013 1227:ISSN 1183:2021 1157:2013 1144:ISBN 1103:ISBN 1084:2013 1071:ISBN 982:2012 891:2021 494:and 398:Odes 383:and 191:Anne 69:Died 43:Born 1961:at 1890:by 1862:by 1852:by 1217:doi 971:doi 648:in 598:In 567:'s 395:'s 2601:: 1827:. 1803:^ 1786:. 1766:}} 1762:{{ 1750:. 1717:^ 1703:. 1668:. 1633:. 1593:^ 1576:. 1549:. 1530:. 1504:. 1485:. 1481:. 1455:. 1359:^ 1317:. 1284:23 1247:. 1225:. 1211:. 1207:. 1191:^ 1174:. 1114:^ 1092:^ 1065:. 998:^ 963:. 899:^ 882:. 871:^ 671:. 658:. 641:. 624:. 453:, 376:. 359:c. 248:, 220:c. 185:, 170:eɪ 164:/- 82:, 2505:( 2495:( 2456:) 2448:( 2404:( 2394:( 2378:( 2209:" 2181:" 2174:" 2167:" 2160:" 2153:" 2076:e 2069:t 2062:v 1990:. 1835:. 1797:. 1772:) 1758:. 1711:. 1676:. 1641:. 1587:. 1562:. 1534:. 1515:. 1466:. 1424:. 1390:. 1353:. 1329:. 1303:. 1263:. 1233:. 1219:: 1213:1 1185:. 1159:. 1109:. 1086:. 984:. 973:: 893:. 691:. 633:( 505:- 364:. 173:/ 167:t 156:/ 153:i 150:t 147:n 144:ɒ 141:r 138:b 135:ˈ 132:/ 128:( 55:) 51:(

Index

Branwell Brontë, self-portrait, 1840
Thornton, West Riding of Yorkshire
Haworth
West Riding of Yorkshire
Patrick Brontë
Maria Branwell
Brontë family
/ˈbrɒnti/
/-t/
Brontë family
Charlotte
Emily
Anne
translations

Glass Town
Patrick Brontë
Maria Branwell Brontë
Brontë Birthplace
Thornton
Bradford
West Riding of Yorkshire
Haworth
Cowan Bridge
Elizabeth Gaskell
Charlotte Brontë
Noctes Ambrosianae
Blackwood's Magazine
Glass Town
paracosms

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.