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honour me with the command to send Your
Highness some pieces of my Composition: I have in accordance with Your Highness's most gracious orders taken the liberty of rendering my most humble duty to Your Royal Highness with the present Concertos, which I have adapted to several instruments; begging Your Highness most humbly not to judge their imperfection with the rigour of that discriminating and sensitive taste, which everyone knows Him to have for musical works, but rather to take into benign Consideration the profound respect and the most humble obedience which I thus attempt to show Him.
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1721:. The viola da gamba was already an old-fashioned instrument when Bach compiled the Brandenburg Concertos in 1721: one reason for using it may have been the interest which his employer, Prince Leopold, had in the instrument. Nikolaus Harnoncourt speculated that Prince Leopold wished to play with his orchestra and that Bach's provision of such music was somehow related to the fact that he was looking for jobs elsewhere. By upsetting the balance of the musical roles, he would be released from his servitude as Kapellmeister.
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unlikely that Bach would have sent him six concertos totally unsuitable for his musicians to play." Nevertheless, the concertos were not included by name in the library inventory after
Christian Ludwig's death, and it is uncertain who they went to. The next owner we have a record of was Bach's own pupil
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The clarino does not play in the second movement, as is common practice in baroque era concerti. This is due to its construction, which allows it to play only in major keys. Because concerti often move to a minor key in the second movement, concerti that include the instrument in their first movement
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It is often asserted that
Christian Ludwig lacked the musicians in his Berlin ensemble to perform the concertos, and that the score was left unused in the Margrave's library until his death in 1734, but Boyd argues that the evidence does not necessarily support these assertions, and that "it seems
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treats it as an understatement, observing that Bach used the "widest imaginable spectrum of orchestral instruments. The modest title does not begin to suggest the degree of innovation exhibited in the daring combinations ... Every one of the six concertos set a precedent in its scoring, and every
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As I had the good fortune a few years ago to be heard by Your Royal
Highness, at Your Highness's commands, and as I noticed then that Your Highness took some pleasure in the little talents which Heaven has given me for Music, and as in taking Leave of Your Royal Highness, Your Highness deigned to
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to the first movement. It seems almost certain that Bach, considered a great organ and harpsichord virtuoso, was the harpsichord soloist at the premiere. Scholars have seen in this work the origins of the solo keyboard concerto as it is the first example of a concerto with a solo keyboard part.
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version, in that the trumpet, flute, oboe and solo violin parts are the same, but the orchestra part has been arranged for basso continuo (or piano) by Klaus
Hofmann. This reconstructed quintet arrangement is also the very first piano reduction of the 2nd Brandenburg Concerto ever published by
256:, while being transported for safekeeping to Prussia by train in the care of a librarian – the train came under aerial bombardment, and the librarian escaped from the train to a nearby forest, with the scores hidden under his coat. As of 2023 the manuscript remains in the Berlin State Library.
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one was to remain without parallel." Boyd (1993) interprets it as an indication that the concertos are written in a
Venetian style, "with its greater opportunities for soloistic display ... 'Concerti a quattro', 'Concerti a cinque' etc.", and also perhaps that Bach was indicating the number of
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improvised by the harpsichord or a solo violin player. Modern performance approaches range from simply playing the cadence with minimal ornamentation (treating it as a sort of "musical semicolon"), to cadenzas varying in length from under a minute to over two minutes. Occasionally, other slow
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and paid for by Bach in Berlin in 1719. Speculation regarding the composition dates of the other concertos varies, taking into account the styles of the pieces as well as the instrumentation Bach would have had available during his years prior to the date of the compiled manuscript.
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834:. The concerto also exists in an alternative version, Sinfonia BWV 1046.1 (formerly BWV 1046a), which appears to have been composed during Bach's years at Weimar. The Sinfonia, which lacks the third movement entirely, and the Polacca (or Poloinesse,
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This concerto makes use of a popular chamber music ensemble of the time (flute, violin, and harpsichord), which Bach used on its own for the middle movement. It is believed that it was written in 1719, to show off a new harpsichord by
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Recent research has revealed that this concerto is based on a lost chamber music version for quintet called "Concerto da camera in Fa
Maggiore" (Chamber Concerto in F major), whose catalogue number is BWV 1047R. It is similar to the
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It is uncertain when most of the material for the
Brandenburg Concertos was written. It is clear that the first movement of Concerto No. 1 (BWV 1046) was based on an introduction to Bach's 1713 cantata
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After Bach's death only the fifth concerto received any widespread attention, probably due to the fashion for keyboard concertos; the rest seem to have been forgotten. The pieces were rediscovered by
1542:; in the central movement, Bach uses one of Marchand's themes. Marchand fled before the competition could take place, apparently scared off in the face of Bach's great reputation for virtuosity and
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The violin part in this concerto is extremely virtuosic in the first and third movements. In the second movement, the violin provides a bass when the concertino group plays unaccompanied.
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has noted that the overall forces required (leaving aside the first concerto, which was rewritten for a special occasion) tallies exactly with the 17 players Bach had at his disposal in
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movements from Bach pieces, such as the Largo from the Sonata for Violin and
Continuo in G, BWV 1021 and the Largo from the Sonata for Violin and Obbligato Harpsichord in G major,
1372:" parts. Nowadays these are usually played on alto recorders, although transverse flutes are sometimes used instead: it is also theorised Bach's original intent may have been the
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An earlier version, BWV 1050a, exists, and has many small differences from its later cousin, but no major difference in structure or instrumentation. It is dated ca. 1720–21.
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for several instruments". Some of the pieces feature several solo instruments in combination. They are widely regarded as some of the greatest orchestral compositions of the
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which Bach had brought back from Berlin for the Köthen court. It is also thought that Bach wrote it for a competition at
Dresden with the French composer and organist
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High-Definition video of Brandenburg Concertos 3 & 4 performed on original instruments by the ensemble Voices of Music, copyright free for use in classrooms
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The concerto is well suited throughout to showing off the qualities of a fine harpsichord and the virtuosity of its player, but especially in the lengthy solo
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198:(Six Concertos for several instruments) with a dedication dated 24 March. Translated from the original French, the first sentence of Bach's dedication reads:
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edition of the Brandenburg Concertos is reprinted with a translation in Bärenreiter's Study Score of the Six Brandenburg Concertos (Bärenreiter TP9, 1988)
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845:. This implies a date of composition possibly as early as the 1713 premiere of the cantata, although it could have been used for a subsequent revival.
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Concerto 2 à 1 Tromba, 1 Flauto, 1 Hautbois, 1 Violino, concertati, è 2 Violini, 1 Viola è Violone in Ripieno col Violoncello è Basso per il Cembalo.
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It is likely that the performance this excerpt mentions happened during the trip Bach took to Berlin in 1719, to pay for the new Mietke harpsichord.
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1376:. In some performances, such as those conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt, the two recorders are positioned offstage, thus giving an "echo" effect.
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form found in many instrumental and vocal works of the time. The first movement can also be found in reworked form as the sinfonia of the cantata
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2012:
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Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with Roxana Pavel Goldstein (violin), Constance Schoepflin (flute), and Matthew Ganong (harpsichord)
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for two violas and continuo, although the cello has a decorated version of the continuo bass line. In the last movement, the spirit of the
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Concerto 5 à une Traversiere, une Violino principale, une Violino è una Viola in ripieno, Violoncello, Violone è Cembalo concertato.
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1206:' and although there is no direct evidence to support it, it is likely that these chords were meant to surround or follow a
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and are from the period before the valved trumpet was commonly used usually exclude the trumpet from the second movement.
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The trumpet part is still considered one of the most difficult in the entire repertoire, and was originally written for a
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Concerto 4 à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo.
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Concerto 1 à 2 Corni di Caccia, 3 Hautb: è Bassono, Violino Piccolo concertato, 2 Violini, una Viola col Basso Continuo.
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Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with Elias Goldstein & Elizabeth Choi (violas) and Anna Steinhoff (cello)
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Johann Sebastian Bach's Werke, vol. 19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871
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1215:, are substituted for the second movement as they contain an identical 'Phrygian cadence' as the closing chords.
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1014:, Johann Ludwig Schreiber. After clarino skills were lost in the eighteenth century and before the rise of the
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instruments, or that the sound was intended to evoke a larger orchestra even with only one player to a part.
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The range of both recorder parts in the 4th Brandenburg concerto corresponds to that of the alto recorder
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that is closer to Sinfonia BWV 1046a. The third movement was used as the opening chorus of the cantata
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made the pieces popular for further recordings on period instruments. They have also been performed as
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The harpsichord is both a concertino and a ripieno instrument. In the concertino passages the part is
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2133:"Sinfonia, F (Brandenburg Concerto no. 1, early version) BWV 1046.1; BWV 1046a; formerly BWV 1071"
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Bach's titular reference to scoring the concertos for "several instruments" has drawn commentary.
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in his interview about the sixth concerto, which features in the 2009 Deutsche Grammophon DVD
1356:: two violins, violas, violone, cellos and basso continuo (harpsichord and/or viola da gamba)
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The first movement of this concerto was chosen as the first musical piece to be played on the
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1732:. The two violas da gamba are silent in the second movement, leaving the texture of a trio
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No. 1, BWV 1046.2 (BWV 1046), is the only one in the collection with four
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The absence of violins is unusual, but it is also found in a cantata written at Wiemar
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838:) from the final movement, appears to have been intended as the opening of the cantata
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Concerto 6 a due Viole da Braccio, due Viole da Gamba, Violoncello, Violone e Cembalo.
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The second movement consists of a single measure with the two chords that make up a '
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1348:: violin and two recorders (described in the original score as "flauti d'echo").
1193:: three violins, three violas, three cellos, and harpsichord (as basso continuo)
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Concerto 3 à tre Violini, tre Viole, è tre Violoncelli col Basso per il Cembalo.
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2417:– Comprehensive discussion by Peter Gutmann including assessment of recordings
252:(now the Berlin State Library) in 1914. The manuscript was nearly lost during
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in the early-to-mid 1980s, while the third movement served as the theme for
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125:, in 1721 (though probably composed earlier). The original French title is
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The two violas start the first movement with a vigorous subject in close
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movement of the late twentieth century, the part was often played on the
997:: two violins, viola, violone, cello and harpsichord (as basso continuo)
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In the overview table, the first column shows the title, the second the
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716:
339: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2331:
The Social and Religious Designs of J. S. Bach's Brandenburg Concertos
2109:"Brandenburg Concerto no. 1, F (revised version) BWV 1046.2; BWV 1046"
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1740:
underlies everything, as it did in the finale of the fifth concerto.
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Bach adapted the 4th Brandenburg concerto as a harpsichord concerto,
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means the normal viola, and is used here to distinguish it from the
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2159:(1992). "On linking Bach's F-major Sinfonia and his Hunt Cantata".
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778:
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118:
31:
2350:"Bach's Groundbreaking 'Brandenburg Concertos': Masterpiece Guide"
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The first movement can also be found as the sinfonia of a later
113:
are a collection of six instrumental works presented by Bach to
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790:
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recording of Concerto No. 2 was sent into space in 1977 on the
1758:"Milestones of the Millennium: Bach's "Brandenburg" Concertos"
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It has been debated what instrument Bach had in mind for the "
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806:
794:
592:
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listing. In 2007, all six of the concertos appeared on the
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Sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord, BWV 1027–1029
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1933:
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Canonic Sonata for oboe, violin and continuo, BWV 1040
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1243:
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872:
620:
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2578:
Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019
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1826:
1804:
1802:
2014:
The Cello Suites: In Search of a Baroque Masterpiece
1928:
1838:
1814:
1010:
specialist, almost certainly the court trumpeter in
419:(BWV), the fourth the prominent instruments (solo).
244:
on his death, who subsequently bequeathed it to the
2535:
Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin, BWV 1001–1006
91:, for whom Bach copied the concertos, portrayed by
1992:
1980:
1955:
1943:
1916:
1799:
2440:List of recordings, with reviews, from jsbach.org
1047:probes. The first movement served as a theme for
3382:
16:Collection of six works by Johann Sebastian Bach
1709:Gleichwie der Regen und Schnee vom Himmel fällt
293:In 2001, the piece came in at number 22 in the
2967:
2941:List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
2491:
2333:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2284:Johann Sebastian Bach: Brandenburg Concertos.
2190:"J. S. Bach and the 2nd Brandenburg Concerto"
1076:Bärenreiter Verlag (Product Number BA 5196).
696:IV. Menuet; Trio 1; Polacca; Trio 2
3081:Prelude and Fugue in C major, BWV 870, from
2634:Sonata for two flutes and continuo, BWV 1039
869:, where the horns are replaced by trumpets.
865:Vereinigte Zwietracht der wechselnden Saiten
2682:Sinfonia for violin and orchestra, BWV 1045
2427:good-music-guide.com: Brandenburg Concertos
2370:Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician
50:Title page, in French, of the six concertos
2974:
2960:
2498:
2484:
1240:This concerto is the shortest of the six.
44:
2981:
2722:For two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060
2415:classicalnotes.net: Brandenburg Concertos
2403:International Music Score Library Project
2303:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1151:Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra
399:Learn how and when to remove this message
2372:(1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.
2155:
2149:
1561:Concerto No. 6 in B-flat major, BWV 1051
1225:Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte
146:
83:
70:Six concertos, each of several movements
3050:Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground
2347:
2260:A Companion to Mozart's Piano Concertos
1808:
858:, but in a version without the piccolo
841:Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd
196:Six Concerts Avec plusieurs instruments
128:Six Concerts Avec plusieurs instruments
3383:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2010:
3476:Contents of the Voyager Golden Record
2955:
2747:Orchestral Suite in G minor, BWV 1070
2479:
2367:
1937:
1856:
248:from which it was transferred to the
3343:
2664:Violin Concerto in E major, BWV 1042
2659:Violin Concerto in A minor, BWV 1041
2298:
2049:
2037:
1998:
1986:
1961:
1949:
1922:
1880:
1868:
1844:
1832:
1820:
337:adding citations to reliable sources
308:
2081:
1894:"Bach – Brandenburg Concerto No. 3"
1526:; in the ripieno passages it has a
1513:: violin, viola, cello and violone
1387:Concerto No. 5 in D major, BWV 1050
1244:Concerto No. 4 in G major, BWV 1049
1080:Concerto No. 3 in G major, BWV 1048
873:Concerto No. 2 in F major, BWV 1047
621:Concerto No. 1 in F major, BWV 1046
13:
3481:Concertos for multiple instruments
3456:Concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach
3057:Partita for Violin No. 3, BWV 1006
2669:Concerto for Two Violins, BWV 1043
2467:(video and background information)
2423:– An introduction by Benjamin Chee
2292:
2262:, p. 26, Oxford University Press.
1697:, cello, violone, and harpsichord
1567:
1393:
1362:: about 15 minutes and 20 seconds
1250:
1086:
879:
715:Problems playing these files? See
627:
14:
3492:
3039:Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13
2702:Keyboard concertos, BWV 1052–1065
2421:Inkpot: The Brandenburg Concertos
2385:
2348:Stewart, Andrew (24 March 2023).
2187:
2063:"Golden Record: Music From Earth"
1016:historically informed performance
269:historically informed performance
267:, and the revival of interest in
230:
182:. He presented the collection to
3368:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3127:
2742:Orchestral Suites, BWV 1066–1069
2562:Partita for Solo Flute, BWV 1013
2240:The Concerto: A Listener's Guide
1622:
1604:
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1430:
1412:
1305:
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854:Falsche Welt, dir trau ich nicht
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2301:Bach: The Brandenburg Concertos
2272:
2252:
2232:
2223:
2212:
2181:
2125:
2101:
2055:
2004:
1967:
1886:
775:corni da caccia (natural horns)
324:needs additional citations for
174:In 1721, Bach compiled the six
89:Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg
2067:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1780:"Bach – Brandenburg Concertos"
1772:
1750:
1067:also used the first movement.
415:, the third the number in the
1:
3095:Queen of the Night aria from
2827:Everything's Gonna Be Alright
2463:, : performances by the
2278:This explanation is given by
2017:. Random House. p. 266.
1743:
1229:, with the addition of three
240:, who left the collection to
151:Dedication, Bach's manuscript
3411:Compositions in B-flat major
1898:Classical Music for Pleasure
1218:The outer movements use the
304:
78:Collection assembled in 1721
7:
3198:Columbia Symphony Orchestra
3112:Songs of the Humpback Whale
2841:Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring
2557:Cello Suites, BWV 1007–1012
10:
3497:
3119:Beethoven's Symphony No. 5
3055:"Gavotte en Rondeau" from
2717:No. 4 in A major, BWV 1055
2712:No. 2 in E major, BWV 1053
2707:No. 1 in D minor, BWV 1052
2461:Brandenburg Concerto No. 6
2457:Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
2453:Brandenburg Concerto No. 4
2449:Brandenburg Concerto No. 3
2445:Brandenburg Concerto No. 2
1973:Besseler's preface to the
1639:Title on autograph score:
1577:Brandenburg Concerto No. 6
1471:Title on autograph score:
1467:Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
1464:
1403:Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
1319:Title on autograph score:
1260:Brandenburg Concerto No. 4
1158:Title on autograph score:
1096:Brandenburg Concerto No. 3
948:Title on autograph score:
889:Brandenburg Concerto No. 2
724:Title on autograph score:
637:Brandenburg Concerto No. 1
593:Brandenburg Concerto No. 6
563:Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
536:Brandenburg Concerto No. 4
506:Brandenburg Concerto No. 3
473:Brandenburg Concerto No. 2
440:Brandenburg Concerto No. 1
299:Classic 100 Concerto (ABC)
295:Classic 100 Original (ABC)
166:from the instrument-maker
142:
3328:
3136:
3125:
3102:"Sacrificial Dance" from
3083:The Well-Tempered Clavier
3021:
2989:
2936:
2890:
2792:
2756:
2732:
2649:
2570:
2527:
2368:Wolff, Christoph (2000).
1530:part and plays continuo.
754:Menuet – Trio I – Menuet
74:
66:
55:
43:
30:
23:
3431:Compositions for bassoon
3416:Compositions for trumpet
3261:MĂĽnchener Bach-Orchester
2465:Netherlands Bach Society
1660:Adagio ma non tanto (in
1028:, and occasionally on a
3406:Compositions in D major
3401:Compositions in G major
3396:Compositions in F major
3256:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3178:Budapest String Quartet
3063:Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin
2242:, p. 14, Oxford (1998)
2145:; et al. 15 April 2020.
2121:; et al. 15 April 2020.
1600:II. Adagio ma non tanto
348:"Brandenburg Concertos"
250:Royal Library of Berlin
3441:Compositions for flute
3436:Compositions for cello
3421:Compositions for viola
3292:Philharmonia Orchestra
2881:A Whiter Shade of Pale
2862:Sheep may safely graze
2299:Boyd, Malcolm (1993).
1649:(usually performed at
1572:
1398:
1255:
1168:(usually performed at
1091:
1063:; a revival featuring
1055:William F. Buckley Jr.
958:(usually performed at
884:
734:(usually performed at
632:
417:Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
246:Joachimsthal Gymnasium
205:
152:
96:
3461:Harpsichord concertos
3446:Compositions for oboe
3426:Compositions for horn
3183:Johann Sebastian Bach
2983:Voyager Golden Record
2875:Trio Sonata, BWV 525a
2688:Brandenburg Concertos
2520:Johann Sebastian Bach
2429:– Introductory survey
2398:Brandenburg Concertos
2219:wikt:Phrygian cadence
2011:Siblin, Eric (2010).
1571:
1397:
1254:
1204:Phrygian half cadence
1090:
1041:Voyager Golden Record
883:
631:
288:Voyager Golden Record
200:
150:
111:Johann Sebastian Bach
102:Brandenburg Concertos
87:
25:Brandenburg Concertos
3246:Blind Willie Johnson
3188:Ludwig van Beethoven
3161:Bavarian State Opera
3031:Brandenburg Concerto
2899:Bach's Greatest Hits
2821:Bach-Busoni Editions
2767:The Musical Offering
2624:in E major, BWV 1035
2619:in E minor, BWV 1034
2613:in C major, BWV 1033
2608:in A major, BWV 1032
2591:in B minor, BWV 1030
2280:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
2258:Hutchings, A. 1997.
2200:on 27 September 2011
1883:, pp. 9–11, 24.
828:Brandenburg Concerto
333:improve this article
242:Princess Anna Amalia
3280:Early Music Consort
3171:Wolfgang Sawallisch
2927:Switched-On Bach II
2913:Jazz Sebastian Bach
2801:Air on the G String
1871:, pp. 38, 100.
1859:, pp. 232–233.
1703:: about 16 minutes
1519:: about 23 minutes
1199:: about 10 minutes
1003:: about 13 minutes
823:: about 22 minutes
762:– Trio II – Menuet
758:– Polacca – Menuet
192:Brandenburg-Schwedt
123:Brandenburg-Schwedt
3287:K. P. H. Notoprojo
3117:first movement of
3105:The Rite of Spring
3028:first movement of
1904:on 20 January 2012
1835:, pp. 10, 15.
1573:
1399:
1256:
1092:
1050:Great Performances
930:III. Allegro assai
885:
633:
194:, under the title
153:
97:
3391:1721 compositions
3356:
3355:
3149:and His Hot Seven
2949:
2948:
2327:Marissen, Michael
2157:Marissen, Michael
2052:, pp. 21–22.
2040:, pp. 19–20.
1975:Neue Bach-Ausgabe
1847:, pp. 14–15.
1823:, pp. 12–13.
1672:imperfect cadence
1627:
1609:
1591:
1453:
1435:
1417:
1310:
1292:
1274:
1146:
1128:
1110:
939:
921:
903:
705:
687:
669:
651:
618:
617:
409:
408:
401:
383:
238:Johann Kirnberger
221:Heinrich Besseler
82:
81:
3488:
3466:Violin concertos
3373:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3346:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3236:Anthony Holborne
3131:
3037:"Cavatina" from
2976:
2969:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2920:Switched-On Bach
2775:The Art of Fugue
2601:
2600:
2522:
2511:orchestral works
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2401:: Scores at the
2381:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2344:
2322:
2286:
2276:
2270:
2256:
2250:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2196:. Archived from
2185:
2179:
2178:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1900:. Archived from
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1715:Viola da braccio
1691:viole da braccio
1667:
1666:
1655:Allegro moderato
1629:
1628:
1611:
1610:
1593:
1592:
1570:
1455:
1454:
1437:
1436:
1419:
1418:
1396:
1312:
1311:
1294:
1293:
1276:
1275:
1253:
1174:Allegro moderato
1148:
1147:
1130:
1129:
1112:
1111:
1089:
1027:
1026:
941:
940:
923:
922:
905:
904:
882:
740:Allegro moderato
707:
706:
689:
688:
671:
670:
653:
652:
630:
422:
421:
404:
397:
393:
390:
384:
382:
341:
317:
309:
184:Christian Ludwig
115:Christian Ludwig
48:
39:
21:
20:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3471:Köthen (Anhalt)
3451:Concerti grossi
3381:
3380:
3379:
3375:Classical music
3369:
3367:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3324:
3251:Kesarbai Kerkar
3226:Arthur Grumiaux
3204:Igor Stravinsky
3156:Valya Balkanska
3144:Louis Armstrong
3132:
3123:
3097:The Magic Flute
3070:Johnny B. Goode
3034:No. 2, BWV 1047
3017:
2999:Voyager program
2985:
2980:
2950:
2945:
2932:
2886:
2788:
2752:
2728:
2690:, BWV 1046–1051
2675:Triple Concerto
2645:
2602:major, BWV 1031
2598:
2597:
2566:
2523:
2518:
2504:
2388:
2358:
2356:
2354:uDiscover Music
2341:
2325:
2311:
2295:
2293:Further reading
2290:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2257:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2186:
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2097:
2082:
2072:
2070:
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2060:
2056:
2048:
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2032:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1997:
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1790:
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1763:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1687:Instrumentation
1684:
1664:
1663:
1637:
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1635:
1634:
1633:
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1623:
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1614:
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1288:
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1279:
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1270:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1191:Instrumentation
1188:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1065:Margaret Hoover
1024:
1023:
1020:piccolo trumpet
989:, oboe, violin
983:natural trumpet
974:
946:
945:
944:
943:
942:
935:
932:
926:
925:
924:
917:
914:
908:
907:
906:
899:
896:
890:
886:
880:
875:
787:violino piccolo
771:Instrumentation
768:
722:
721:
713:
711:
710:
709:
708:
701:
698:
692:
691:
690:
683:
680:
674:
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647:
644:
638:
634:
628:
623:
614:
587:
557:
530:
500:
467:
464:violino piccolo
455:2 natural horns
405:
394:
388:
385:
342:
340:
330:
318:
307:
233:
212:Christoph Wolff
145:
131:, meaning "Six
51:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3494:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3378:
3377:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3320:GorĹŤ Yamaguchi
3317:
3315:Laurie Spiegel
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3298:Otto Klemperer
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3158:
3153:
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3151:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2834:Feel My Rhythm
2830:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2771:
2762:
2760:
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2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
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2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2605:
2593:
2587:Flute Sonatas
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Partita No. 1
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2515:transcriptions
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2442:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2387:
2386:External links
2384:
2383:
2382:
2365:
2345:
2339:
2323:
2309:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2271:
2251:
2238:Steinberg, M.
2231:
2222:
2211:
2188:Utnes, Ole J.
2180:
2148:
2124:
2100:
2080:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2024:978-1409089100
2023:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1940:, p. 232.
1927:
1915:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1798:
1771:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1719:viola da gamba
1695:viole da gamba
1683:
1682:
1679:
1658:
1646:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1540:Louis Marchand
1536:Michael Mietke
1492:
1491:
1488:
1484:Affettuoso in
1482:
1478:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1426:II. Affettuoso
1424:
1423:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1390:
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1385:
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909:
897:
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891:
888:
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878:
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876:
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871:
811:viola da gamba
799:basso continuo
767:
766:
752:
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436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
407:
406:
321:
319:
312:
306:
303:
261:Siegfried Dehn
232:
231:In later years
229:
168:Michael Mietke
164:Prince Leopold
159:Was mir behagt
144:
141:
109:1046–1051) by
80:
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72:
71:
68:
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28:
27:
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3:
2:
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3429:
3427:
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3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
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3392:
3389:
3388:
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3366:
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3268:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Kamil Jalilov
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
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3199:
3196:
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3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:, conductor:
3168:
3164:
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3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
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3141:
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3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
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3000:
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2995:
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2991:
2988:
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2965:
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2001:, p. 18.
2000:
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1988:
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1544:improvisation
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1370:fiauti d'echo
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971:Allegro assai
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350: –
349:
345:
344:Find sources:
338:
334:
328:
327:
322:This section
320:
316:
311:
310:
302:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
280:
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273:chamber music
270:
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93:Antoine Pesne
90:
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69:
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61:
58:
54:
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3274:David Munrow
3267:Karl Richter
3137:Contributors
3110:
3103:
3096:
3082:
3030:
3029:
3010:
3003:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2906:Back to Bach
2904:
2897:
2774:
2766:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2433:
2432:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2390:
2389:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:
2330:
2300:
2283:
2274:
2259:
2254:
2239:
2234:
2225:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:the original
2194:Abel.hive.no
2193:
2183:
2169:(2): 31–46.
2166:
2160:
2151:
2143:Bach Archive
2138:Bach Digital
2136:
2127:
2119:Bach Archive
2114:Bach Digital
2112:
2103:
2071:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2013:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1902:the original
1897:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1809:Stewart 2023
1789:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1752:
1723:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1618:III. Allegro
1556:
1548:
1532:
1528:figured bass
1521:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1495:
1494:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1444:III. Allegro
1378:
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1359:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1321:
1320:
1318:
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1224:
1217:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1137:III. Allegro
1069:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1034:
1005:
1000:
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991:
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820:
819:
770:
769:
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755:
739:
735:
726:
725:
723:
714:
678:III. Allegro
598:B-flat major
410:
395:
386:
376:
369:
362:
355:
343:
331:Please help
326:verification
323:
292:
284:Karl Richter
281:
258:
254:World War II
234:
216:
209:
206:
201:
195:
173:
157:
154:
127:
126:
101:
100:
98:
24:
18:
3296:conductor:
3265:conductor:
3231:Guan Pinghu
3221:Glenn Gould
3202:conductor:
3193:Chuck Berry
2793:Adaptations
2782:discography
2141:. Leipzig:
2117:. Leipzig:
1502:harpsichord
1332:Andante in
1301:III. Presto
1283:II. Andante
1060:Firing Line
1030:French horn
965:Andante in
912:II. Andante
803:harpsichord
584:harpsichord
551:2 recorders
265:Adolf Busch
137:Baroque era
3385:Categories
3310:Nick Sagan
3305:Carl Sagan
3216:Ann Druyan
3211:John Cohen
3167:Edda Moser
3090:Puspawarna
2855:Lady Lynda
2777:, BWV 1080
2769:, BWV 1079
2749:(doubtful)
2677:, BWV 1044
2615:(doubtful)
2604:(doubtful)
2434:Recordings
2310:0521382769
2204:20 January
1938:Wolff 2000
1857:Wolff 2000
1791:7 December
1785:Classic FM
1764:7 December
1744:References
1582:I. Allegro
1504:, violin,
1497:Concertino
1465:See also:
1408:I. Allegro
1345:Concertino
1265:I. Allegro
1220:ritornello
1179:Adagio in
1119:II. Adagio
1101:I. Allegro
1073:orchestral
978:Concertino
894:I. Allegro
745:Adagio in
717:media help
660:II. Adagio
642:I. Allegro
389:March 2022
359:newspapers
37:J. S. Bach
3278:with the
3085:, Book II
3012:Voyager 2
3005:Voyager 1
2815:Ave Maria
2651:Concertos
2359:25 August
2073:25 August
2050:Boyd 1993
2038:Boyd 1993
1999:Boyd 1993
1987:Boyd 1993
1962:Boyd 1993
1950:Boyd 1993
1923:Boyd 1993
1881:Boyd 1993
1869:Boyd 1993
1845:Boyd 1993
1833:Boyd 1993
1821:Boyd 1993
1730:polyphony
1524:obbligato
1374:flageolet
1227:, BWV 174
867:, BWV 207
843:, BWV 208
836:polonaise
832:movements
521:3 violins
305:Concertos
301:listing.
277:Max Reger
217:different
176:concertos
133:Concertos
62:1046–1051
56:Catalogue
32:Concertos
3338:Category
3044:Chakrulo
2994:Contents
2808:Alphabet
2599:♭
2571:Ensemble
2513:by, and
2378:7451664M
2329:(1999).
2319:1734852M
2175:41634120
1908:10 March
1711:, BWV 18
1701:Duration
1665:♭
1517:Duration
1381:BWV 1057
1360:Duration
1233:and two
1213:BWV 1019
1197:Duration
1025:♭
1001:Duration
987:recorder
856:, BWV 52
821:Duration
777:, three
608:2 violas
527:3 cellos
524:3 violas
491:recorder
425:Concerto
188:Margrave
119:Margrave
75:Composed
3348:Commons
2517:after,
1681:Allegro
1676:G minor
1651:Allegro
1551:cadenza
1511:Ripieno
1490:Allegro
1486:B minor
1481:Allegro
1353:Ripieno
1334:E minor
1329:Allegro
1208:cadenza
1185:Allegro
1181:E minor
1170:Allegro
1045:Voyager
1008:clarino
994:Ripieno
967:D minor
960:Allegro
850:cantata
815:violone
813:and/or
791:violins
783:bassoon
764:da capo
760:da capo
756:da capo
751:Allegro
747:D minor
736:Allegro
568:D major
541:G major
511:G major
488:trumpet
478:F major
461:bassoon
458:3 oboes
445:F major
373:scholar
180:copyist
143:History
95:in 1710
3361:Portal
3076:Mugham
2891:Albums
2734:Suites
2409:Essays
2391:Scores
2376:
2337:
2317:
2307:
2266:
2246:
2173:
2069:. NASA
2021:
1734:sonata
1693:, two
1689:: two
1338:Presto
1012:Köthen
985:in F,
860:violin
789:, two
773:: two
581:violin
554:violin
497:violin
375:
368:
361:
354:
346:
225:Köthen
3165:with
3022:Sound
2758:Fugal
2695:No. 5
2550:No. 3
2545:No. 2
2171:JSTOR
1760:. NPR
1738:gigue
1726:canon
1668:major
1506:flute
1235:horns
1231:oboes
807:cello
795:viola
779:oboes
611:cello
578:flute
434:Solo
380:JSTOR
366:books
2869:They
2596:in E
2528:Solo
2509:and
2459:and
2361:2023
2335:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2264:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2206:2018
2162:Bach
2075:2023
2019:ISBN
1910:2014
1793:2019
1766:2019
1022:in B
826:The
797:and
602:1051
572:1050
545:1049
515:1048
494:oboe
482:1047
449:1046
352:news
99:The
67:Form
2848:Joy
1674:of
1653:or
1172:or
1057:'s
738:or
431:BWV
428:Key
413:key
335:by
190:of
121:of
107:BWV
60:BWV
34:by
3387::
2455:,
2451:,
2447:,
2374:OL
2352:.
2315:OL
2313:.
2192:.
2167:23
2165:.
2135:.
2111:.
2083:^
2065:.
1930:^
1896:.
1801:^
1782:.
1713:.
1546:.
1500::
1383:.
1237:.
1032:.
981::
817:)
809:,
805:,
793:,
785:,
781:,
290:.
282:A
279:.
186:,
139:.
117:,
3363::
3072:"
3068:"
3065:"
3061:"
3052:"
3048:"
2975:e
2968:t
2961:v
2883:"
2879:"
2871:"
2867:"
2864:"
2860:"
2857:"
2853:"
2850:"
2846:"
2843:"
2839:"
2836:"
2832:"
2829:"
2825:"
2817:"
2813:"
2810:"
2806:"
2803:"
2799:"
2499:e
2492:t
2485:v
2380:.
2363:.
2343:.
2321:.
2208:.
2177:.
2077:.
2027:.
1912:.
1811:.
1795:.
1768:.
1678:)
1662:E
1657:)
1176:)
962:)
801:(
742:)
719:.
402:)
396:(
391:)
387:(
377:·
370:·
363:·
356:·
329:.
105:(
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