3568:
298:
boards that oversaw the finer points of these many administrative duties. It undertook the examination of public officials both before and after leaving office (most offices lasting one year) to ensure honest accounting and loyalty to the state. It heard some cases of impeachment of public officials for high crimes and mismanagement or serious dereliction of duties. At some point in the late 5th century, pay was instituted for those serving in the
3578:
3588:
251:
had a number of safeguarding principles that secured the accountability and responsiveness of the council to the larger public. Three of the main mechanisms in place were; monitoring by other governing institutions including the assembly (ekklesia) and the courts, the required rendering of a full
297:
took on many of the administrative and judicial functions of the
Areopagus, which retained its traditional right to try homicide cases. It supervised the state's finances, navy, cavalry, sacred matters, building and shipping matters and care for invalids and orphans. Its own members staffed many
214:
Members of the
Council under Cleisthenes were selected by lot. Not all citizens, however, were in the selection pool when selecting members by lot from each deme. Only male citizens age 30 or above and with no criminal charges, who had put themselves forward would be available for selection.
185:
was reformed accordingly and would now be a council of 500 male citizens. Each of the ten tribes supplied 50 men to the council with each of the 50 adhering from its constituting demes and distributed according to the size of their population. Under
Cleisthenes, the
311:
was free from the domination of factions of any kind, although there is some evidence that richer citizens served out of proportion to poorer citizens. This may be due to the heavy investment of time required, time that poorer citizens would not have had to spare.
306:
was considered the cornerstone of the democratic constitution, providing a locus for day-to-day activities and holding together the many disparate administrative functions of the government. Because of the rotation of members, it was assumed that the
252:
account of the work undertaken upon leaving the council and not least the ability of the general citizenry and fellow council members to charge individual members with a vote of no confidence.
458:; either as the name of the lower house of a bicameral parliament in 1844–1864 and 1927–1935, or the name of the unicameral Parliament in 1864–1927, 1935–1941, 1944–1967, and 1974–today.
167:
formed a new government of Athens through a series of reforms. In strengthening the common
Athenian identity Cleisthenes devised an artificial political division of Athens into ten
194:) as well as the formal execution of the political decisions taken in the Assembly. The council was responsible for about half of the decrees ratified by the Assembly. The
239:) and to citizens over the age of thirty. The former restriction, though never officially changed, fell out of practice by the middle of the 5th century BC.
687:
715:
383:
667:
2315:
637:
255:
Members served for one year and no man could serve more than twice in his life, nor more than once a decade. The leadership of the
17:
544:
504:
1703:
708:
2325:
2015:
1708:
1642:
147:
of 400. The higher governmental posts, archons (magistrates), were reserved for citizens of the top two income groups.
3617:
1713:
1688:
579:
402:
in force at the time of joining were guaranteed and that a
Synedrion, or congress of representatives, was to meet at
302:; this may have been a way to encourage poorer citizens to volunteer, who would otherwise be reluctant to serve. The
3522:
2271:
1698:
1693:
2165:
2025:
2020:
1297:
143:
heard appeals from the most important decisions of the courts. Those in the poorest class could not serve on the
217:
190:
attained renewed political power as responsible for the agenda-setting of the legislative body of the
Assembly (
3549:
2190:
1604:
701:
3612:
3544:
3101:
2594:
2110:
2030:
1728:
1438:
3517:
2046:
1500:
3622:
2572:
2180:
2056:
1718:
1672:
1627:
1403:
1092:
347:
339:
335:
3111:
3233:
3106:
2239:
2234:
2210:
2120:
1637:
735:
359:
343:
358:
and its members were hereditary. Although not democratic, the members of the
Synedrion, including the
229:
3591:
3534:
2490:
2293:
2278:
2200:
2135:
1455:
1350:
824:
758:
223:
2102:
2082:
1280:
938:
235:
2288:
2251:
2185:
1851:
1738:
215:
Membership was restricted at this time to the top three of the original four property classes (the
3571:
2695:
2495:
2480:
2283:
2266:
2246:
2215:
2115:
2051:
1667:
1652:
1622:
1583:
1460:
1312:
814:
422:
in 231 BC, was ruled by the "Synedrion", or "The
Congress". The Synedrion was dissolved when the
354:, literally translated as "The Congress". This tradition continued to be in use in the years of
3529:
2532:
2303:
2261:
2195:
2160:
1612:
1596:
1233:
1082:
1077:
423:
415:
41:
74:) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king,
3581:
2810:
2800:
2790:
2775:
2465:
2205:
2175:
2130:
2125:
1756:
1723:
1525:
1430:
1416:
1072:
943:
907:
3053:
3047:
3033:
2517:
2475:
2447:
2332:
2145:
1375:
1171:
427:
387:
661:
8:
3184:
3154:
2542:
2437:
2432:
1869:
1184:
1097:
1067:
1021:
784:
455:
450:
439:
355:
160:
3401:
3298:
3204:
2848:
2765:
2653:
2155:
1979:
1495:
1475:
1332:
1203:
1087:
882:
809:
3577:
3476:
3063:
2612:
2460:
2412:
2256:
2225:
2170:
2087:
1964:
1836:
1657:
1490:
1443:
1383:
1257:
1239:
1215:
1197:
1152:
1107:
1102:
753:
585:
575:
550:
540:
510:
500:
395:
375:
363:
3406:
2938:
2903:
2720:
2577:
2455:
2342:
2337:
1662:
1617:
1448:
1355:
971:
804:
789:
779:
419:
3421:
3179:
2967:
2780:
2522:
2388:
2320:
1647:
1245:
1227:
1221:
1135:
1112:
986:
897:
857:
794:
3446:
3159:
3303:
3243:
3238:
3194:
2975:
2923:
2913:
2893:
2883:
2627:
2622:
2617:
1470:
1269:
1263:
1251:
1051:
1026:
799:
724:
203:
31:
3606:
3539:
3456:
3431:
3121:
3043:
2725:
2668:
2567:
2557:
2527:
2509:
2383:
1535:
1317:
1209:
1165:
1127:
966:
887:
554:
514:
589:
3356:
3308:
3174:
3028:
2898:
2537:
2373:
1879:
1841:
1540:
399:
534:
496:
Democracy and knowledge : innovation and learning in classical Athens
494:
3376:
3268:
3248:
3076:
2584:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2470:
2427:
1974:
1884:
1874:
1761:
1751:
1515:
892:
867:
569:
198:
met every day except for festival days and ill-omened days. According to
164:
3081:
3313:
3283:
3278:
3263:
3149:
3116:
2785:
2755:
2422:
2150:
1984:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1796:
1781:
1771:
1746:
1122:
877:
832:
379:
273:
was replaced every day from among the 50 members again chosen by lot.
3288:
3214:
3199:
3169:
3164:
3096:
3020:
3005:
2990:
2933:
2833:
2485:
2417:
1989:
1969:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1894:
1889:
1859:
1806:
1766:
1545:
1411:
1365:
1345:
976:
847:
324:
286:
261:
199:
117:
90:
86:
79:
93:
and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many
3338:
3328:
3318:
3293:
3071:
3038:
3000:
2943:
2858:
2843:
2700:
2690:
2607:
2602:
1999:
1994:
1954:
1949:
1924:
1904:
1831:
1786:
1776:
1632:
1530:
1465:
1393:
1001:
290:
3091:
3481:
3471:
3416:
3411:
3396:
3386:
3371:
3366:
3253:
3141:
3131:
3010:
2985:
2980:
2953:
2948:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2873:
2863:
2853:
2805:
2795:
2770:
2735:
2730:
2705:
2358:
2140:
1801:
1791:
1550:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1485:
1480:
1360:
1307:
1016:
1006:
996:
991:
981:
693:
403:
398:. The league guaranteed, among other things, that member states'
390:
during the winter of 338/337 BC to facilitate his use of unified
181:, the coastal trittys and inland trittys. The institution of the
178:
3426:
2740:
362:, were considered equal to one another and had the right of the
3451:
3381:
3361:
3323:
3189:
2995:
2888:
2825:
2815:
2760:
2378:
2363:
1959:
1944:
1919:
1914:
1899:
1560:
1555:
1322:
1302:
1046:
1036:
1031:
902:
862:
852:
837:
391:
121:
113:
98:
3461:
3436:
3333:
3273:
3258:
3126:
3086:
2838:
2750:
2745:
2715:
2710:
2685:
2368:
1909:
1864:
1816:
1388:
1340:
1041:
1011:
958:
933:
872:
842:
168:
140:
65:
59:
660:
3466:
3441:
3391:
2878:
2868:
173:
601:
599:
78:
evolved according to the constitution of the city: In
596:
269:
was chosen every month by lot. The man in charge of
242:
150:
574:. C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett Pub.
276:
265:) rotated between the tribe delegations and a new
3604:
671:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 320–321.
929:
426:fell apart due to internal upheaval during the
315:
85:positions might have been hereditary, while in
539:. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
177:from three different types of areas; the city
709:
101:, for which extensive material has survived.
536:The Principles Of Representative Government
1595:
716:
702:
567:
499:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
658:
607:A Companion to Ancient Greek Government
476:A Companion to Ancient Greek Government
329:
14:
3605:
2649:
646:A History of the Athenian Constitution
609:, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, p. 201.
478:, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, p. 199.
171:. The tribes would each include local
3506:
2648:
2077:
1581:
928:
748:
697:
532:
454:in Modern Greek, is preserved in the
3117:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
749:
679:. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1972.
528:
526:
524:
492:
488:
486:
484:
209:
394:military forces in his war against
124:and was aristocratic in character.
49:
24:
2078:
723:
25:
3634:
521:
481:
243:Accountability and responsiveness
127:
104:
3586:
3576:
3567:
3566:
655:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1957.
648:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958.
433:
3587:
659:Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911).
293:in the mid-5th century BC, the
612:
561:
468:
13:
1:
1188:
1175:
1156:
1139:
622:, Routledge, 2005, pp. 58-59.
461:
342:, the body that assisted the
202:, Cleisthenes introduced the
2316:Funeral and burial practices
1501:Military of Mycenaean Greece
7:
456:Parliament of modern Greece
10:
3639:
2240:Greek Revival architecture
1582:
629:
437:
369:
322:
66:
60:
45:
27:Ancient Greek city council
3562:
3513:
3507:
3502:
3347:
3224:
3213:
3140:
3062:
3019:
2966:
2824:
2676:
2667:
2663:
2644:
2593:
2508:
2446:
2408:
2401:
2351:
2311:
2302:
2224:
2101:
2097:
2073:
2039:
2008:
1850:
1737:
1681:
1648:Attalid kings of Pergamon
1603:
1594:
1590:
1577:
1456:Antigonid Macedonian army
1429:
1402:
1374:
1331:
1288:
1279:
1121:
1060:
957:
953:
924:
823:
772:
768:
744:
731:
684:Treatise on Twelve Lights
409:
3618:Ancient Greek government
112:The original council of
97:, except in the case of
668:Encyclopædia Britannica
533:Manin, Bernard (1995).
89:members were typically
1682:Artists & scholars
1597:List of ancient Greeks
1234:Second Athenian League
1083:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
908:Ancient Greek colonies
638:Constitution of Athens
18:Boule (Ancient Greece)
2801:Sybaris on the Traeis
1526:Sacred Band of Thebes
1266:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
780:Cycladic civilization
682:Struble, Robert, Jr.
493:Ober, Josiah (2008).
319:in other Greek states
285:After the reforms of
120:. It consisted of ex-
3613:Ancient Greek titles
2326:mythological figures
2047:Ancient Greek tribes
1172:Peloponnesian League
428:Third Macedonian War
388:Philip II of Macedon
330:Kingdom of Macedonia
2438:Tunnel of Eupalinos
2433:Theatre of Dionysus
2057:Ancient Macedonians
1673:Tyrants of Syracuse
1185:Amphictyonic League
785:Minoan civilization
440:Hellenic Parliament
356:Alexander the Great
161:Athenian Revolution
3623:Athenian democracy
3112:Menestheus's Limin
2766:Pandosia (Lucania)
2654:Greek colonisation
2016:Athenian statesmen
1777:Diogenes of Sinope
1638:Kings of Macedonia
1628:Kings of Commagene
1496:Macedonian phalanx
1476:Hellenistic armies
1224:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1088:Indo-Greek Kingdom
810:Hellenistic Greece
677:The Athenian Boule
653:Athenian Democracy
644:Hignett, Charles.
620:Athenian Democracy
568:Aristotle (1998).
424:Epirote federation
336:Macedonian Kingdom
3600:
3599:
3558:
3557:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3064:Iberian Peninsula
2996:Lipara/Meligounis
2962:
2961:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2613:Cypriot syllabary
2504:
2503:
2413:Athenian Treasury
2397:
2396:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
1658:Ptolemaic dynasty
1618:Archons of Athens
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1444:Athenian military
1425:
1424:
1258:League of Corinth
1240:Thessalian League
1216:Chalcidian League
1198:Acarnanian League
1108:Ptolemaic Kingdom
920:
919:
916:
915:
546:978-1-4619-4910-7
506:978-1-4008-2880-7
448:", pronounced as
418:, which became a
396:Achaemenid Persia
376:League of Corinth
364:freedom of speech
346:with running the
340:Macedonian Empire
218:pentacosiomedimni
210:Selection process
64:) was a council (
16:(Redirected from
3630:
3590:
3589:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3504:
3503:
3222:
3221:
2721:Heraclea Lucania
2674:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2646:
2645:
2406:
2405:
2338:Twelve Olympians
2309:
2308:
2099:
2098:
2075:
2074:
1663:Seleucid dynasty
1643:Kings of Paionia
1592:
1591:
1579:
1578:
1449:Scythian archers
1356:Graphe paranomon
1286:
1285:
1193:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1161:
1158:
1148:
1144:
1141:
955:
954:
926:
925:
805:Classical Greece
790:Mycenaean Greece
770:
769:
746:
745:
718:
711:
704:
695:
694:
688:"Ancient Greece"
672:
664:
641:4.3, 46.1, 62.3.
623:
616:
610:
603:
594:
593:
565:
559:
558:
530:
519:
518:
490:
479:
472:
420:federal republic
386:created by king
338:, and later the
69:
68:
63:
62:
51:
47:
21:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3554:
3509:
3486:
3349:
3343:
3226:
3217:
3209:
3180:Melaina Korkyra
3136:
3058:
3015:
2968:Aeolian Islands
2958:
2820:
2678:
2659:
2658:
2632:
2589:
2500:
2442:
2393:
2347:
2298:
2220:
2211:Wedding customs
2093:
2092:
2061:
2052:Thracian Greeks
2035:
2026:Olympic victors
2004:
1846:
1733:
1677:
1668:Kings of Sparta
1653:Kings of Pontus
1623:Kings of Athens
1599:
1586:
1565:
1461:Army of Macedon
1421:
1398:
1370:
1327:
1275:
1248:(370–c. 230 BC)
1246:Arcadian League
1230:(c. 400–188 BC)
1228:Aetolian League
1222:Boeotian League
1204:Hellenic League
1191:
1178:
1168:(c. 650–404 BC)
1159:
1153:Italiote League
1146:
1142:
1136:Doric Hexapolis
1126:
1117:
1113:Seleucid Empire
1056:
949:
948:
912:
819:
795:Greek Dark Ages
764:
763:
740:
727:
722:
686:, Chapter Six,
632:
627:
626:
617:
613:
604:
597:
582:
566:
562:
547:
531:
522:
507:
491:
482:
473:
469:
464:
442:
436:
412:
372:
350:was called the
332:
327:
321:
283:
245:
212:
157:
133:
110:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3636:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Megara Hyblaea
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Hybla Gereatis
2891:
2886:
2884:Heraclea Minoa
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2628:Attic numerals
2625:
2623:Greek numerals
2620:
2618:Greek alphabet
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:Musical system
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Mathematicians
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1613:Kings of Argos
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Cretan archers
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1270:Achaean League
1267:
1264:Euboean League
1261:
1255:
1252:Epirote League
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1200:(c. 500–31 BC)
1195:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1150:
1132:
1130:
1128:Confederations
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1052:Lissus (Crete)
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
963:
961:
951:
950:
947:
946:
941:
936:
930:
922:
921:
918:
917:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
821:
820:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
800:Archaic Greece
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
774:
766:
765:
762:
761:
756:
750:
742:
741:
739:
738:
732:
729:
728:
725:Ancient Greece
721:
720:
713:
706:
698:
692:
691:
680:
673:
656:
651:Jones, A.H.M.
649:
642:
631:
628:
625:
624:
611:
595:
580:
560:
545:
520:
505:
480:
466:
465:
463:
460:
438:Main article:
435:
432:
411:
408:
371:
368:
331:
328:
323:Main article:
320:
314:
282:
281:(after 461 BC)
275:
244:
241:
233:, but not the
211:
208:
204:bouleutic oath
159:Following the
156:
155:(after 508 BC)
149:
132:
126:
109:
103:
32:ancient Greece
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3635:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Hemeroscopion
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Magna Graecia
2666:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Arcadocypriot
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2496:Zeus, Olympia
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Hera, Olympia
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Mount Olympus
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:Sacred places
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Olympic Games
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Homosexuality
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Seleucid army
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:Delian League
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1186:
1183:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:Ionian League
1164:
1154:
1151:
1147: 560 BC
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
927:
923:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:Magna Graecia
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
826:
822:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
775:
771:
767:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
743:
737:
734:
733:
730:
726:
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
699:
696:
689:
685:
681:
678:
675:Rhodes, P.J.
674:
670:
669:
663:
662:"Boulē"
657:
654:
650:
647:
643:
640:
639:
634:
633:
621:
618:Thorley, J.,
615:
608:
602:
600:
591:
587:
583:
581:0-87220-389-1
577:
573:
572:
564:
556:
552:
548:
542:
538:
537:
529:
527:
525:
516:
512:
508:
502:
498:
497:
489:
487:
485:
477:
471:
467:
459:
457:
453:
452:
447:
441:
434:Modern Greece
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
401:
400:constitutions
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
326:
318:
313:
310:
305:
301:
296:
292:
288:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
263:
258:
253:
250:
240:
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
225:
220:
219:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
162:
154:
151:Cleisthenes'
148:
146:
142:
138:
135:The Athenian
131:
125:
123:
119:
115:
108:
102:
100:
96:
92:
91:chosen by lot
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
57:
56:
43:
42:Ancient Greek
39:
38:
33:
30:In cities of
19:
3387:Dionysopolis
3357:Abonoteichos
3309:Pantikapaion
2899:Hybla Heraea
2235:Architecture
2191:Prostitution
1880:Aristophanes
1739:Philosophers
1709:Philosophers
1541:Spartan army
1292:
1272:(280–146 BC)
1260:(338–322 BC)
1254:(370–168 BC)
1242:(374–196 BC)
1236:(378–355 BC)
1218:(430–348 BC)
1212:(478–404 BC)
1206:(499–449 BC)
893:Peloponnesus
815:Roman Greece
683:
676:
666:
652:
645:
636:
619:
614:
606:
570:
563:
535:
495:
475:
470:
449:
445:
443:
413:
384:Greek states
373:
351:
333:
316:
308:
303:
299:
294:
284:
278:
270:
266:
260:
256:
254:
248:
246:
234:
228:
222:
216:
213:
195:
191:
187:
182:
172:
158:
152:
144:
136:
134:
129:
111:
106:
94:
82:
75:
71:
54:
53:
36:
35:
29:
3535:Place names
3447:Salmydessus
3269:Kalos Limen
3249:Chersonesus
3239:Borysthenes
2944:Tauromenion
2756:Metapontion
2518:Proto-Greek
2471:Erechtheion
2466:Athena Nike
2428:Philippeion
2257:Mathematics
2228:and science
2111:Agriculture
1975:Stesichorus
1885:Bacchylides
1875:Archilochus
1762:Antisthenes
1752:Anaximander
1724:Seven Sages
1714:Playwrights
1694:Geographers
1689:Astronomers
1516:Pezhetairos
1143: 1100
1123:Federations
1022:Megalopolis
959:City states
934:City states
635:Aristotle.
277:Ephialtes'
165:Cleisthenes
87:democracies
80:oligarchies
3607:Categories
3437:Polemonion
3314:Phanagoria
3284:Kimmerikon
3279:Kerkinitis
3264:Hermonassa
3254:Dioscurias
3150:Aspalathos
3097:Kalathousa
3072:Akra Leuke
3001:Phoenicusa
2786:Scylletium
2771:Poseidonia
2691:Brentesion
2578:Pamphylian
2573:Macedonian
2491:Samothrace
2476:Hephaestus
2423:Long Walls
2402:Structures
2343:Underworld
2289:Technology
2252:Literature
2186:Philosophy
2151:Euergetism
2040:By culture
1985:Thucydides
1827:Pythagoras
1822:Protagoras
1812:Parmenides
1797:Heraclitus
1782:Empedocles
1772:Democritus
1757:Anaximenes
1747:Anaxagoras
1699:Historians
1192: 595
1179: 550
1160: 800
1145: – c.
1073:Cappadocia
878:Ionian Sea
868:Hellespont
833:Aegean Sea
605:Beck, H.,
474:Beck, H.,
462:References
444:The name "
380:federation
163:in 508 BC
3523:in Epirus
3472:Trapezous
3417:Mesambria
3402:Eupatoria
3372:Apollonia
3367:Anchialos
3329:Theodosia
3299:Nymphaion
3289:Myrmekion
3259:Gorgippia
3215:Black Sea
3200:Tragurion
3185:Nymphaion
3170:Epidauros
3165:Epidamnos
3155:Apollonia
3132:Zacynthos
3054:Ptolemais
3048:Apollonia
3021:Cyrenaica
3011:Therassía
3006:Strongyle
2986:Ereikousa
2909:Leontinoi
2849:Apollonia
2726:Hipponion
2523:Mycenaean
2486:Parthenon
2418:Lion Gate
2321:Mythology
2284:Sculpture
2247:Astronomy
2181:Pederasty
2156:Festivals
2141:Education
2021:Lawgivers
1990:Timocreon
1970:Sophocles
1965:Simonides
1940:Philocles
1935:Panyassis
1930:Mimnermus
1895:Herodotus
1890:Euripides
1860:Aeschylus
1807:Leucippus
1767:Aristotle
1546:Strategos
1412:Synedrion
1366:Ostracism
1346:Areopagus
1298:Free city
1093:Macedonia
977:Byzantion
883:Macedonia
848:Cyrenaica
825:Geography
759:Geography
555:861693063
515:440795205
352:synedrion
325:Synedrion
287:Ephialtes
200:Aristotle
128:Solonian
118:Areopagus
105:Athenian
72:bouleutai
67:βουλευταί
3572:Category
3550:Theatres
3477:Tripolis
3412:Kerasous
3407:Heraclea
3339:Tyritake
3294:Nikonion
3205:Thronion
3127:Salauris
3082:Emporion
3039:Berenice
3029:Balagrae
2981:Euonymos
2954:Tyndaris
2939:Syracuse
2934:Selinous
2904:Kamarina
2859:Casmenae
2844:Akrillai
2761:Neápolis
2696:Caulonia
2677:Mainland
2608:Linear B
2603:Linear A
2533:Dialects
2510:Language
2304:Religion
2262:Medicine
2196:Religion
2161:Folklore
2146:Emporium
2121:Clothing
2116:Calendar
2000:Xenophon
1995:Tyrtaeus
1980:Theognis
1955:Polybius
1950:Plutarch
1925:Menander
1905:Hipponax
1832:Socrates
1787:Epicurus
1633:Diadochi
1531:Sciritae
1491:Hetairoi
1466:Ballista
1431:Military
1394:Gerousia
1384:Ekklesia
1351:Ecclesia
1333:Athenian
1281:Politics
1194:–279 BC)
1181:–366 BC)
1162:–389 BC)
1098:Pergamon
1068:Bithynia
1061:Kingdoms
1002:Pergamon
944:Military
939:Politics
736:Timeline
590:37955656
571:Politics
291:Pericles
230:zeugitae
192:ekklesia
116:was the
3592:Outline
3545:Temples
3482:Zaliche
3462:Thèrmae
3452:Sesamus
3422:Odessos
3397:Cytorus
3392:Cotyora
3142:Illyria
3107:Mainake
3102:Kypsela
2991:Hycesia
2949:Thermae
2929:Segesta
2919:Messana
2874:Helorus
2854:Calacte
2834:Akragas
2796:Sybaris
2781:Rhegion
2736:Krimisa
2686:Alision
2595:Writing
2568:Locrian
2558:Epirote
2528:Homeric
2461:Artemis
2448:Temples
2389:Olympia
2359:Eleusis
2294:Theatre
2279:Pottery
2206:Warfare
2201:Slavery
2136:Economy
2131:Cuisine
2126:Coinage
2103:Society
2088:Culture
2083:Society
2031:Tyrants
1870:Alcaeus
1852:Authors
1802:Hypatia
1792:Gorgias
1729:Writers
1551:Toxotai
1521:Sarissa
1511:Peltast
1506:Phalanx
1486:Hoplite
1481:Hippeis
1404:Macedon
1376:Spartan
1361:Heliaia
1308:Proxeny
1017:Larissa
1012:Kerkyra
1007:Eretria
997:Miletus
992:Ephesus
987:Corinth
982:Chalcis
903:Taurica
773:Periods
754:History
630:Sources
404:Corinth
370:Corinth
348:kingdom
334:In the
271:prytany
267:prytany
262:prytany
224:hippeis
179:trittys
122:archons
3582:Portal
3530:People
3518:Cities
3457:Sinope
3442:Rhizos
3432:Phasis
3382:Bathus
3377:Athina
3362:Amisos
3324:Tanais
3319:Pityus
3244:Charax
3195:Pharos
3190:Orikon
3087:Helike
3077:Alonis
3044:Cyrene
2976:Didyme
2889:Himera
2864:Catana
2826:Sicily
2816:Thurii
2811:Terina
2776:Pixous
2731:Hydrus
2706:Croton
2538:Aeolic
2456:Aphaea
2379:Dodona
2364:Delphi
2333:Temple
2009:Others
1960:Sappho
1945:Pindar
1920:Lucian
1915:Ibycus
1900:Hesiod
1837:Thales
1605:Rulers
1584:People
1561:Xyston
1556:Xiphos
1417:Koinon
1323:Tyrant
1313:Stasis
1303:Koinon
1103:Pontus
1078:Epirus
1047:Sparta
1037:Rhodes
1032:Megara
1027:Thebes
972:Athens
898:Pontus
863:Epirus
853:Cyprus
838:Aeolis
588:
578:
553:
543:
513:
503:
416:Epirus
410:Epirus
378:was a
317:Boulai
236:thetes
169:tribes
139:under
114:Athens
99:Athens
95:boulai
76:boulai
61:βουλαί
55:boulai
34:, the
3540:Stoae
3508:Lists
3427:Oinòe
3350:coast
3348:South
3334:Tyras
3304:Olbia
3274:Kepoi
3227:coast
3225:North
3218:basin
3160:Aulon
3122:Rhode
3034:Barca
2924:Naxos
2879:Henna
2839:Akrai
2806:Taras
2791:Siris
2751:Medma
2746:Locri
2711:Cumae
2701:Chone
2679:Italy
2585:Koine
2563:Ionic
2553:Doric
2548:Attic
2369:Delos
2267:Music
1910:Homer
1865:Aesop
1817:Plato
1719:Poets
1389:Ephor
1341:Agora
1318:Tagus
1293:Boule
1042:Samos
967:Argos
873:Ionia
858:Doris
843:Crete
451:Vouli
446:boule
392:Greek
309:boule
304:boule
300:boule
295:boule
279:boule
259:(the
257:boule
249:boule
196:boule
188:boule
183:boule
174:demes
153:boule
145:boule
141:Solon
137:boule
130:boule
107:boule
83:boule
46:βουλή
37:boule
3467:Tium
3234:Akra
3175:Issa
2869:Gela
2741:Laüs
2716:Elea
2374:Dion
2226:Arts
2216:Wine
1842:Zeno
1439:Wars
586:OCLC
576:ISBN
551:OCLC
541:ISBN
511:OCLC
501:ISBN
414:The
374:The
360:king
344:king
289:and
247:The
227:and
2171:Law
382:of
50:pl.
3609::
1189:c.
1176:c.
1157:c.
1140:c.
665:.
598:^
584:.
549:.
523:^
509:.
483:^
430:.
406:.
366:.
221:,
206:.
70:,
58:,
52::
48:;
44::
3050:)
3046:(
1187:(
1174:(
1155:(
1149:)
1138:(
1125:/
717:e
710:t
703:v
690:.
592:.
557:.
517:.
40:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.