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In April 1865, there were about 8,500 Navajo and 500 Mescalero Apache interned at Bosque
Redondo. The Army had planned only 5,000 would be there, so lack of sufficient food was an issue from the start. As the Navajo and Mescalero Apache had long been enemies, their enforced proximity led to frequent
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caused severe intestinal problems, and disease quickly spread throughout the camp. Food was in short supply because of crop failures, Army and Indian agent bungling, and criminal activities. In 1865, the
Mescalero Apache, or those strong enough to travel, managed to escape. The Navajo were not
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to do whatever necessary to bring first the
Mescalero and then the Navajo there. All of the Mescalero Apache had been relocated by the end of 1862, but the Navajo were not resettled in large numbers until early 1864. The Navajo refer to the journey from Navajo land to the Bosque Redondo as the
407:. You ask how they treated us? If there was room the soldiers put the women and children on the wagons. Some even let them ride behind them on their horses. I have never been able to understand a people who killed you one day and on the next played with your children...?"
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was negotiated with the Navajo and they were allowed to return to their homeland, to a "new reservation". They were joined by the thousands of Navajo who had been hiding out in the
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and
Mescalero Apache were forced to live because of accusations that they were raiding white settlements near their respective homelands. The fort was named for General
399:. More than 300 Navajo died making the journey. It was a bitter memory to many Navajo. One man described it as follows: "By slow stages we traveled eastward by present
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for the numbers of people who were living there. The
Mescalero soon ran away; the Navajo stayed longer, but were permitted to return to their native lands in May 1868.
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501:. Congress had authorized the establishment of the memorial by the Secretary of Defense in 2000, making federal funds available for construction.
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363:, whom Carleton replaced, had first suggested that the Navajo people be moved to a series of reservations and be taught new skills. Some in
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allowed to leave until May 1868 when the US Army agreed that Fort Sumner and the Bosque
Redondo reservation was a failure.
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hinterlands. This experience resulted in a more determined Navajo, and never again were they surprised by raiders of the
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A hundred years after the signing of the treaty that allowed the Navajo people to return to their original homes in the
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open fighting. The environmental situation worsened. The interned people did not have clean water; it was full of
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447:. In subsequent years, they have expanded the "new reservation" into well over 16 million acres (65,000 km).
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thought that the Navajo should not be moved and that a reservation should be created on their own land. Some
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The Bosque
Redondo Memorial and Fort Sumner Historic Site are located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) southeast of
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The property is now managed by the New Mexico
Historic Sites (formerly State Monuments) division of the
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citizens encouraged killing the Navajo or at least removing them from their lands. The 1865 and 1866
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458:. Maxwell rebuilt one of the officers' quarters into a 20-room house. On July 14, 1881, Sheriff
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was to be self-sufficient, while teaching Navajo and
Mescalero Apache how to be modern
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New Mexico State
Historic Sites – Fort Sumner Historic Site/Bosque Redondo Memorial
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realized that Bosque Redondo was a failure, as it had poor water and too little
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340:, a 1,600-square-mile (4,100 km; 1,000,000-acre) area where over 9,000
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The Army and the Navajo: The Bosque Redondo Reservation Experiment 1863–1868
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National Register of Historic Places listings in De Baca County, New Mexico
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When the Bosque Redondo was established, General Carleton ordered Colonel
648:. Thirtieth Anniversary Edition. Henry Holt and Company, 2000. pp. 28–29.
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region, Fort Sumner was declared a New Mexico State Monument in 1968.
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Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West
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National Register of Historic Places in De Baca County, New Mexico
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Very Slim Man, Navajo elder, quoted by Richard Van Valkenburgh,
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Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico
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516:, then 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south on Billy the Kid Road.
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crop was sufficient, but in 1867 it was a total failure.
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from which are launched stratospheric balloons each year
684:"Public Law 106-511 – Title II–Bosque Redondo Memorial"
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initially justified the fort as offering protection to
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History of the NASA Scientific Balloon Flight Facility
723:. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press.
523:
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authorized the construction of Fort Sumner. General
614:"Fort Sumner Historic Site/Bosque Redondo Memorial"
450:Fort Sumner was abandoned in 1869 and purchased by
802:Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
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403:and Shushbito, Bear spring, which is now called
812:1868 disestablishments in New Mexico Territory
710:Bosque Redondo – destination of the long walk
497:David N. Sloan was opened on the site as the
673:, John S. Watts, Wash. D.C., 1858, 66 pages.
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807:1863 establishments in New Mexico Territory
534:National Register of Historic Places portal
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746:New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
589:New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
487:New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
139:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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427:to cook with. The water from the nearby
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296:populations from 1863 to 1868 at nearby
157:NM State Register of Cultural Properties
71:of all important aspects of the article.
14:
772:Military and war museums in New Mexico
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633:https://www.newmexico.org/fort-sumner/
561:"National Register Information System"
466:in this house, now referred to as the
67:Please consider expanding the lead to
822:Internment camps in the United States
792:History of De Baca County, New Mexico
777:Museums in De Baca County, New Mexico
336:. He also created the Bosque Redondo
566:National Register of Historic Places
40:
623:, New Mexico Historic Sites website
585:"About New Mexico's Historic Sites"
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24:
715:The Long Walk Trail Of The Navajos
25:
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671:Indian Depredations in New Mexico
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508:: 3 miles (4.8 km) east on
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288:charged with the internment of
59:may be too short to adequately
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69:provide an accessible overview
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797:History museums in New Mexico
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120:United States historic place
29:Fort Sumner (disambiguation)
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719:Thompson, Gerald (1976).
489:. On June 4, 2005, a new
474:Fort Sumner Historic Site
414:US troops at Fort Sumner.
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221:NRHP reference
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437:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
148:New Mexico Historic Site
34:Not to be confused with
506:Fort Sumner, New Mexico
499:Bosque Redondo Memorial
184:Fort Sumner, New Mexico
415:
268:Designated NMSRCP
106:34.40194°N 104.19472°W
661:, April, 1946, p. 23.
571:National Park Service
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308:On October 31, 1862,
193:50 acres (20 ha)
782:New Mexico Territory
635:, New Mexico website
314:James Henry Carleton
286:New Mexico Territory
260:Designated NMHS
111:34.40194; -104.19472
27:For other uses, see
767:Forts in New Mexico
595:on October 30, 2016
493:designed by Navajo
102: /
619:2016-06-13 at the
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454:and cattle baron
445:Rio Grande Valley
441:Arizona Territory
423:and there was no
346:Edwin Vose Sumner
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247:Significant dates
131:Fort Sumner Ruins
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16:(Redirected from
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688:uscode.house.gov
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591:. Archived from
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462:shot and killed
365:Washington, D.C.
326:Mescalero Apache
324:valley from the
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621:Wayback Machine
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573:. July 9, 2010.
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271:January 9, 1970
255:August 13, 1974
216:Alexander LaRue
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735:External links
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63:the key points
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18:Bosque Redondo
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691:. Retrieved
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644:Brown, Dee.
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599:December 22,
597:. Retrieved
593:the original
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480:Four Corners
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405:Fort Wingate
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361:Edward Canby
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234:NMSRCP
180:Nearest city
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58:
56:lead section
514:US Route 84
510:US Route 60
460:Pat Garrett
429:Pecos River
353:reservation
338:reservation
322:Pecos River
278:Fort Sumner
174:Fort Sumner
109: /
97:104°11′41″W
36:Fort Sumter
761:Categories
704:References
693:2019-04-01
392:Kit Carson
369:New Mexico
359:. General
94:34°24′07″N
495:architect
435:The 1868
397:Long Walk
213:Architect
77:June 2023
61:summarize
617:Archived
520:See also
425:firewood
385:firewood
334:Comanche
318:settlers
310:Congress
228:74001194
452:rancher
357:farmers
320:in the
304:History
203: (
727:
491:museum
421:alkali
401:Gallup
342:Navajo
332:, and
290:Navajo
280:was a
548:Notes
330:Kiowa
198:Built
725:ISBN
601:2016
377:Army
373:corn
351:The
292:and
263:1968
205:1862
201:1862
190:Area
284:in
241:139
236:No.
223:No.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
