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and a box-shaped baptismal font in soapstone. The pulpit is from the period 1550–1570 and the altarpiece dates from 1654, while the frame around the tablet is dated to 1620. The painting on the altarpiece shows the crucifixion in the centre, flanked by the Virgin Mary on the left and John the
Baptist on the right. In the tympanum field, a white dove hovers on a blue background. Below the painting is an inscription with golden letters on a black background. A sacrament from the period 1550–1570 in the same style as the pulpit is also preserved. A restoration of the building was carried out in the early 1870s, led by the architect Christian Christie, who removed benches, a second-floor gallery with seating, a ceiling over the chancel, and various windows including two large windows on the north and south sides. As the goal was to return the church to pre-Reformation condition, all post-Reformation interior paintwork was also removed.
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which runs in between. The double interval provides free access from the south portal to the church's central compartment, which would otherwise have been obstructed by the middle bar. The tops of the poles are finished with grotesque, carved human and animal masks. The tie-bars are secured with braces in the form of St. Andrew's crosses with a sun - shaped center and carved leaf shapes along the arms. The crosses reappear in less ornate form as braces along the church walls. On the north and south sides of the nave, a total of eight windows let in small amounts of light, and at the top of the nave's west gable is a window of more recent date - probably from pre-Reformation times. On the south wall of the nave, the inauguration crosses are still on the inside of the wall. The interior choir walls and west portal have engraved figures and
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carving shares similarities with the west portal of Ål Stave Church, which also has kites in a band braiding pattern, and follows the usual composition in the Sogn-Valdres portals, a larger group of portals with very clear similarities. Bugge writes that
Christian authority may have come to terms with such pagan and "wild scenes" in the church building because the rift could be interpreted as a struggle between good and evil; in Christian medieval art, the dragon was often used as a symbol of the devil himself but Bugge believes that the carvings were protective, like the dragon heads on the church roof.
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531:, this is reminiscent of contemporary second story galleries of large stone churches elsewhere in Europe. Smaller beams running between these upper supporting columns help clamp everything firmly together. The weight of the roof is thus supported by buttresses and columns, preventing downward and outward movement of the stave walls.
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To the south of the church is a free-standing stave-work bell tower that covers remnants of the mediaeval foundry used to cast the church bell. It was probably built in the mid-13th century. It is Norway's only remaining free-standing stave-work bell tower.It was given a new door around the year 1700
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The medieval interior of the stave church is almost untouched, save for its restorations and repairs, though the medieval crucifix was removed after the
Reformation. The original wooden floor and the benches that run along the walls of the nave are largely intact, together with a medieval stone altar
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The interior structure of the church is characterized by the twelve free-standing columns that support the nave's elevated central space. On the long side of the church there is a double interval between the second and third pillars, but with a half pillar resting on the lower bracing beam (the pier)
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On the lower side panel of the steeple are four carved circular cutouts. The carvings are weather-beaten, tarred and difficult to decipher, and there is disagreement about what they symbolize. Some believe they represent the four evangelists, symbolised by an eagle, an ox, a lion and a man. Hauglid
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The church's west portal (the nave's main entrance), is surrounded by a larger carving of dragons biting each other in the neck and tail. At the bottom of the half-columns that flank the front entrance, two dragon heads spew vine stalks that wind upwards and are braided into the dragons above. The
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Images from the 1990s show deer antlers hung on the lower, east-facing pillars. A local story claims that this is all that remains of a whole stuffed reindeer, shot when it tried to enter during a Mass. A travelogue from 1668 claims that a reindeer was shot during a sermon "when it marched like a
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to prevent collapse. Additional support is given by a truss that cuts across the "X", below the crossing point but above the bottom truss. The roof is steeply pitched, boarded horizontally and clad with shingles. The original outer roof would have been weatherproofed with boards laid lengthwise,
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heads are perhaps the most distinctive of all non-Christian symbols adorning
Borgund Stave Church. Their function is uncertain, and disputed; if pagan, they are recruited to the Christian cause in the battle between Good and Evil. They may have been intended to keep away evil spirits thought to
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but this was removed and not replaced at some time between the 1920s and 1940s, leaving the foundry pit exposed. To preserve the interior, new walls were built as cladding on the outside of the stave walls in the 1990s. One of the medieval bells is on display in the new
Borgund church.
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Borgund Stave Church was built sometime between 1180 and 1250 AD with later additions and restorations. Its walls are formed by vertical wooden boards, or staves, hence the name "stave church." The four corner posts are connected to one another by
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Structurally, the building has been described as a "cube within a cube", each independent of the other. The inner "cube" is formed by continuous columns that rise from ground level to support the roof. The top of the arcade is formed by arched
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Most of the internal fittings have been removed. There is little in the building, apart from the row of benches that are installed along the wall inside the church in the ambulatory outside of the arcade and raised platform, a
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runs around this platform and into the chancel and apse, both added in the 14th century. An additional ambulatory, in the form of a porch, runs around the exterior of the building, sheltered under the overhanging
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Sheldon, Gwendolyn, "The Origin of the
Norwegian Stave Church" at the Third Annual North American Interdisciplinary Conference on Medieval Icelandic Studies, Cornell University, May 2008, pp. 3–4
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in
English for the stave church was published in 1898. From 2001, the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage has funded a program to research, restore, conserve and maintain stave churches.
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common in Norway and Europe in this period. Borgund's current dragon heads are possible 18th century replacements; similar, original dragon heads remain on older structures, such as
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was built in 1868 a short distance south of the old church. The old church has not been formally used for religious purposes since that year. Borgund Stave Church was bought by the
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The church interior is dark, as not much daylight enters the building. Some of the few sources of natural light are narrow circular windows along the roof, examples of
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describes the carvings as "dragons that extend their heads over to the neighboring field's dragon and bite into it", and points out their similarity to carvings at
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In 1868 the building was abandoned as a church but was turned into a museum; this saved it from the commonplace demolition of stave churches in that period. A new
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458:, and is classified as a triple-nave stave church of the Sogn-type. Its grounds contain Norway's sole surviving stave-built free-standing bell tower.
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Picture taken from a book edited by J. C. C. Dahl, landscape painter and professor at the K. S. Academy of Fine Arts in
Dresden and Leipzig, 1837
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and other standard church furnishings were included, however these have been removed since the building has come under the protection of the
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rather than shingles. In later years wooden shingles became more common. Scissor beam roof construction is typical of most stave churches.
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for his problems; perhaps a residue of ancient beliefs, as these female beings were thought to rule the personal destinies of all in
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with an apse attached to one end in place of the fourth arm. The entries to the church are in the three shorter arms of the cross.
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The picture is taken from the
National Library's picture collection Borgund Stave Church, Lærdal, Sogn og Fjordane
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527:"; these carry arched supports that offer the visual equivalent of a "second storey". While not a functional
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to the columns. Above the arcade, the columns are linked by cross-shaped, diagonal trusses, commonly dubbed "
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587:. Borgund is one of the only stave churches to have preserved its crested ridge caps. They are carved with
1029:. Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). Archived from
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795:, built in 1908, is modeled on the Borgund church. Four replicas exist in the United States, one at
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Zilmer, Kristel. “Words in Wood and Stone: Uses of Runic
Writing in Medieval Norwegian Churches.”
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Buildings and structures owned by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
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Borgund has tiered, overhanging roofs, topped at their intersection by a shingle-roofed tower or
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that form an "X" shape with a narrow top span and a broader bottom span, tied by a bottom
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Picture from the work "Norge fremstillet i Tegninger" from 1848 by Christian Tønsberg
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Borgund Stave Church, the "new" Borgund Church, and the visitor center in the back
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1191:. Mark Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash (Third ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey.
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This article is about the stave church in Lærdal, Norway. For other uses, see
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Stavkirken, Borgund, Martinus Rørbye, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, København, 1833
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threaten the church building; to ward off evil, rather than represent it.
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Borgund Stave Church Floorplan of the church, depicting the lower frame
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450:) until 1868, when its religious functions were transferred to a "new"
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1278:"Fortidsminneforeningen avdeling Sogn og Fjordane (Borgund stavkirke)"
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665:(The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments).
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One of the four dragon heads that adorn the church's gable ridges
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The church served as an example for the reconstruction of the
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494:. It has a raised central nave demarcated on four sides by an
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475:. The intervening staves rise from the ground sills; each is
434:. It was built around the year 1200 as the village church of
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Picture of Borgund Church with visible daylighting windows
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Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
575:. Similar gable heads appear on small bronze church-shaped
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Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
1462:"Scandinavian Heritage Association – Minot, North Dakota"
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Entranceway through pillared arch, Borgund Stave Church
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1493:Hauglid, Roar; trans. R. I. Christophersen (1970).
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904:Lion on arch decoration from Borgund Stave Church
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1485:Bugge, Gunnar og Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1994).
1162:Bugge, Gunnar og Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1994).
726:wizard in front of the other animal carcasses".
1415:"Borgund Stave Church replica Lyme Connecticut"
713:Interior, showing arcade, supporting columns, "
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534:The roof beams are supported by steeply angled
1543:Borgund stave church in Fortidsminneforeningen
783:, in 1883 and for its rebuilding in 1997. The
563:that straddles the ridge. On each of its four
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672:Drawing of Borgund stave church by G. A. Bull
486:plan, with reduced side aisles, and an added
438:, and belonged to Lærdal parish (part of the
1489:. Oslo: Grøndahl Dreyer. ISBN 82-504-2072-1.
1166:. Oslo: Grøndahl Dreyer. ISBN 82-504-2072-1.
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1548:Fortidsminneforeninga's stave church pages
1219:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1553:(there are also English and German pages)
1240:, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, p. 39,
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964:(Modeled after The Borgund Stave Church)
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868:Picture taken in the period 1880 - 1890
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1562:Information about Borgund stave church
1234:MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006),
1944:12th-century establishments in Norway
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1535:Borgund stave church in Stavkirke.org
1265:https://www.jstor.org/stable/48501802
1263:, vol. 12, 2016, pp. 199–227. JSTOR,
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1393:"History of the Chapel in the Hills"
1307:"Borgund stavkyrkje – Norges Kirker"
643:, when the church was converted for
1007:(in Norwegian). KirkeKonsulenten.no
815:at the Scandinavian Heritage Park.
482:Borgund Stave Church is built on a
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631:font, an altar (with 17th-century
591:vine and entangled plant designs.
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1507:Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture
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1188:A global history of architecture
1005:"Oversikt over Nåværende Kirker"
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18:Borgund Church (disambiguation)
1138:Anker og Havran (2005), s. 152
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985:. Kirkesøk: Kirkebyggdatabasen
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1511:Scandinavian University Press
1185:Ching, Francis D. K. (2017).
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110:Borgund Stave Church (Norway)
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952:List of churches in Bjørgvin
809:Washington Island, Wisconsin
7:
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1482:. Oslo. ISBN 82-09-01890-6.
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962:Washington Island Stavkirke
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811:, and the fourth in Minot,
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717:" and gallery arches above
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23:Church in Vestland, Norway
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1934:Wooden churches in Norway
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785:Gustav Adolf Stave Church
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1949:Stave churches in Norway
1495:Norwegian Stave Churches
801:Rapid City, South Dakota
1503:Hohler, Erla Bergendahl
1497:. Oslo: Dreyers Forlag.
1267:. Accessed 9 Dec. 2022.
957:Runic inscription N 351
1478:Bugge, Gunnar (1981).
1368:"Borgund Stave Church"
1347:Fortidsminneforeningen
1175:Hauglid (1973), s. 267
1027:"Borgund Stave Church"
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77:Location of the church
1557:Replica in Rapid City
1509:. Vol. I. Oslo:
1395:. Chapel in the Hills
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471:, resting on a stone
198:Roman Catholic Church
194:Previous denomination
1929:Churches in Vestland
1784:Sogndal Municipality
1629:Aurland Municipality
1343:"Borgund stavkyrkje"
1033:on 17 September 2011
983:"Borgund stavkyrkje"
773:Fantoft Stave Church
689:'s Mass" blames the
400:Borgund Stave Church
379:Automatically listed
210:Evangelical Lutheran
104:Borgund Stave Church
80:Show map of Vestland
71:Borgund Stave Church
29:Borgund Stave Church
1706:Luster Municipality
1659:Lærdal Municipality
1480:Stavkirkene i Norge
1323:Anker (1997), s. 71
797:Chapel in the Hills
759:in 1877. The first
477:tongued and grooved
448:Diocese of Bjørgvin
424:Lærdal Municipality
161:Lærdal Municipality
141:61.0472°N 07.8122°E
137: /
1887:Årdal Municipality
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645:Protestant worship
635:), a 16th-century
585:Urnes Stave Church
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408:Borgund stavkyrkje
273:Architectural type
113:Show map of Norway
45:View of the church
34:Borgund stavkyrkje
1909:
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1520:978-82-00-12748-2
1441:Washington Island
1198:978-1-118-98161-0
805:Lyme, Connecticut
605:Høre Stave Church
414:initially of the
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1842:Vik Municipality
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277:Stave church
260:Architecture
223:.stavechurch
183:Denomination
1768:Veitastrond
1671:Old Borgund
1603:Sogn prosti
1446:11 November
1437:"Stavkirke"
1399:27 February
1288:23 February
703:Poetic Edda
641:Reformation
621:daylighting
583:and nearby
577:reliquaries
573:Norse ships
509:Greek cross
440:Sogn prosti
337:Sogn prosti
144: /
1918:Categories
1864:Hopperstad
1733:Old Gaupne
1487:Stavkirker
1377:8 December
1164:Stavkirker
1037:1 November
1011:17 January
989:17 January
969:References
789:Hahnenklee
747:Management
738:Bell tower
633:altarpiece
517:buttresses
500:ambulatory
473:foundation
129:61°02′50″N
1849:Arnafjord
1826:Leikanger
1796:Kaupanger
1215:cite book
1207:971615732
1078:, p. 104.
761:guidebook
683:Ave Maria
629:soapstone
446:) in the
404:Norwegian
305:Materials
283:Completed
132:7°48′44″E
1874:Vangsnes
1791:Fjærland
1748:Jostedal
1743:Joranger
1646:Undredal
1607:Vestland
1505:(1999).
1420:13 March
1129:, p. 69.
1099:, p. 12.
1066:, p. 32.
1054:, p. 99.
946:See also
700:and the
687:St. Olav
615:Interior
589:openwork
484:basilica
430:county,
428:Vestland
325:Bjørgvin
229:/borgund
166:Vestland
157:Location
1859:Fresvik
1811:Kvamsøy
1806:Ølmheim
1758:Solvorn
1666:Borgund
1150:, p. 13
819:Gallery
793:Germany
637:lectern
561:steeple
547:Dragons
529:gallery
488:chancel
444:deanery
436:Borgund
332:Deanery
320:Diocese
286:c. 1200
255:c. 1200
252:Founded
244:Former
236:History
216:Website
172:Country
1924:Lærdal
1894:Farnes
1821:Tjugum
1801:Stedje
1738:Hafslo
1728:Gaupne
1723:Fortun
1681:Tønjum
1651:Vangen
1517:
1352:1 July
1244:
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781:Bergen
767:Legacy
653:pulpit
596:dragon
569:dragon
565:gables
496:arcade
432:Norway
376:Status
371:Church
348:Lærdal
344:Parish
291:Closed
268:Museum
241:Status
176:Norway
1899:Årdal
1854:Feios
1763:Urnes
1676:Hauge
1636:Bakka
694:Norns
691:pagan
679:runes
540:truss
498:. An
388:83933
1869:Hove
1816:Sæle
1713:Dale
1641:Flåm
1515:ISBN
1448:2020
1422:2018
1401:2018
1379:2022
1354:2020
1290:2006
1242:ISBN
1221:link
1203:OCLC
1193:ISBN
1039:2011
1013:2020
991:2020
777:Fana
651:, a
649:pews
492:apse
490:and
368:Type
309:Wood
294:1868
225:.com
1879:Vik
1753:Nes
1718:Fet
1605:in
787:in
775:in
426:in
422:in
227:/en
221:www
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