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Bluff Branch

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opening in December 1960. When containerisation was introduced and freight transportation trends changed, Bluff was not selected to be developed as a container port, but it and the railway have remained busy with traffic such as frozen meat, wool, and wood chips. In more recent years a degree of containerisation has taken place with the port investing in mobile crane and straddler facilities, rail playing a predominant role in moving containers from the large private container distribution centre located at Clifton. In 2016 a new port owned multimodal distribution centre was completed on an unused area of the Invercargill railway yards next to the Bluff Line entrance. The port company favouring rail as its wharf to centre transportation solution.
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paralleling the Bluff Highway around past the Kew Bush area and meeting up with the line at Clifton. This was completed in 1872. This route would later be of benefit to the future Seaward Bush/Tokanui branch line that ran parallel to the Bluff line from Invercargill station to south of Clyde Street station where the two lines parted company. So the station at Clyde Street had two single-track railways running through it, giving a false impression of double track. When the Tokanui branch closed, the parallel line was taken out of use, and points were installed at Clyde Street for access to the branch by work trains during the lifting of the track.
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upper reaches of the estuary and getting equipment into the area proved troublesome. At the mouth of the estuary was the moderately deep and weather sheltered entry to the Mokomoko inlet. A Jetty already existed at the eastern side of the inlet entrance for the local settlers and at one point was promoted as an alternative to both Campbelltown and Invercargill's port ambitions. It was decided to lay a spur line off the still incomplete Bluff mainline to the jetty which consisted of a large curve that required deep drains on each side. The junction points faced Awarua with a small flag station controlling the points.
1521:. The 1950 public timetable showed seven-weekday services each way, with an eighth on Fridays; five on Saturdays; and one on Sundays. This declined starkly over the following years, and by 1964, only one passenger train ran each way on weekdays and none at weekends. The remaining service was operated for school children, running from Bluff to Invercargill in the morning and returning in the late afternoon. In 1967, all passenger services were cancelled. The station was run down and used as surplus storage until a fire damaged it in 1970, promptly demolished after. Passenger trains briefly returned when the 1437:). During the last phases of building, the line was blocked at Greenhills by angry contractors who were still to be paid for work done on the large causeways that carried the line down the upper Bluff harbour. The local Sheriff seized all assets on the line, a form of receivership enacted, allowing the finishing off work to continue. The situation was resolved when the Otago Provincial Council, as well as the Central Government, absorbed the debt incurred with the passage of the Southland Provincial Debt Act 1865. The province was re-absorbed into Otago on 6 October 1870. 1424:
Mokotua Stream at Wards Crossing. Spoil taken from a large cutting at Woodend, to keep the line level, assisted in creating the embankments. After Awarua the line had it easy-going until the upper reaches of Bluff Harbour where costly large stone causeways were constructed to take the line around the Ocean Beach neck and onto the Bluff peninsula. A quarry nearby was used for material needed. Helping with the construction, a small branch line was laid to the Mokomoko inlet jetty with coastal shipping off-loading supplies.
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Minimal trackage on the town's station site remains to serve the substantial cool stores located along Gore Street. This also includes the southern tip of the KiwiRail network. Beautification work along the old railway yards has created a park-like setting. The only substantial structures are now the
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tank locomotives could use the wharf trackage and they were assisted by a capstan winch system that could pull wagons into position under ship's cranes, Bluff town wharf never having cranes. The small shunters would also assist with handling rakes of wagons to and from the Ocean Beach freezing works.
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The branch was only ever useful as a supply line and few passengers were carried, mainly from the small coastal steamers that would land at the jetty instead of risking the voyage up to Invercargill. When the new wharf at Bluff Harbour opened, the Mokomoko jetty fell into disuse. The railway remained
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considered a railway as an alternative to the road. In November 1862 the provincial council decided on building the "Bluff Harbour & Invercargill Railway". On 8 August 1863 "Lady Barkly", the first locomotive to steam in New Zealand, ran on a small section of track on Invercargill Jetty, and a 12
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After the construction of the Island Harbour in 1960, the larger A, J and J mainline locomotives were used as the new facility was built on solid ground. The junction points to the new port facility faced Invercargill to allow direct access for mainline train movements. A small signal box controlled
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Bluff established itself as the port of Southland and the line has always been busy with both inbound and outbound freight. Major railway facilities were built around the original town wharf site with most servicing equipment moving to the new and substantial Island Harbour port, built from 1956 and
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During the construction phase of the Bluff Branch, contractors found that landing urgent supplies at the Invercargill wharf could prove difficult due to the worsening danger of the New River estuary silting up dangerous sand bars. Contractors were having a difficult time building over and around the
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Passenger excursions still are a regular feature on the line, although passenger handling facilities are non-existent and tender-first operations are necessary for steam locomotives as they are unable to be turned. In any case, any through train to the Bluff line from the main line to the north has
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The Harbour Board decided to build an island harbour facility that could handle the then latest bulk meat loading methods. This new island construction was begun in 1955. The island would have a substantial rail network built on it, and it is connected to the mainland by a combined road/rail bridge
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Steam locomotives used on the line were mainly restricted to the lightweight U and Q class along with smaller tank locomotives such as W, W, F and D classes. The reason being the only turning facilities at Bluff was the "Wye" layout that was part of the wharf's lighter rail access bridges. Only the
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of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8.5 in), the railway followed standard British method of keeping the line on a level grade as much as possible. Construction from the Invercargill Harbour and Wharf area soon became troublesome with the direct route across the New River estuary proving difficult due
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When the Ocean Beach freezing works closed in 1989 and bulk shipping of frozen meat methods changed to containerisation in the 1990s, most of the town side rail yards and sidings, including the old wharf rails were lifted. The last of many level crossings into warehouses along Gore Street, Bluff's
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The line made it to Clifton and easier ground as the raised formation skirted the banks of the east arm of the estuary passing over the Waimatua Creek. At the start of the Awarua plains, yet again swampy ground caused delays as large embankments and a sizeable bridge were needed to cross the tidal
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In the early 1950s, New Zealand was basking in a large economic boom period and modernisation around the country was taking place. Southland was at the forefront of a major agricultural export boom and the now ageing town wharf simply couldn't cope with the heavy demands of rail traffic and busy
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The huge Ocean Beach freezing works was also shunted by the Bluff-based shunters. Frozen meat from other works around the region were also handled through the port, creating substantial rail traffic for the branch. A then unique all-weather meat loading facility allowed for trains to be shunted
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The Island Harbour's locomotive depot was closed in 1999, with all shunting and train handling controlled from Invercargill. The locomotive turning wye was taken out of use shortly after. Rail facilities were rationalised to suit log and container handling after the all-weather meat loading
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The formation and bridges that crossed the upper New River estuary continued to cause trouble with the line formation sinking and making the journey uncomfortable for travellers. It was decided to divert the line around the estuary foreshore from what is today the Crinan St level crossing,
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The new inland SouthPort multimodal container terminal located on a portion of the Invercargill railway yard has returned considerable tonnage to the line. Regular maintenance of the line including sleeper replacement has allowed for heavier tare weight wagons to now operate over it.
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In 2000 the line was downgraded to industrial shunt status to save day-to-day operating administration costs. One-train-at-a-time operations are the norm south of Clifton, although the crossing loop at Wards Crossing allows for two train operation on Traffic Warrant Control.
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For many years, passenger traffic on the line was heavy, with 12,000 fares travelling in a single day to a regatta in Bluff on 1 January 1900. Development of modern road networks and private cars caused passenger numbers to decline from the 1930s. In 1929 the
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As with all colonial transport facilities over time, Bluff station started with a rudimentary class 5 station until growing into an impressive two-story Gordon Troup designed edifice befitting of the southernmost railway station in the British Empire.
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Locomotives were serviced at a modest two road depot located at the northern end of the station yard although, apart from the wharf shunters, only one mainline locomotive remained overnight to head the first early 5:00am mixed train to Invercargill.
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of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6.0 in). The Bluff Branch was converted to this gauge in a single day, 18 December 1875. The original standard gauge locomotives and rolling stock retreating to the Bluff wharf and then loaded onto the
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In the early days of New Zealand's colonisation, transport between Bluff and Invercargill was through sometimes impassable swampy terrain. Construction of a road to Bluff (called Campbelltown until March 1917) was approved by the
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The line opened on 5 February 1867 after a delay caused by the Southland Provincial Council going bankrupt due to the high cost of building both this line and a wooden railway northwards to Makarewa (later part of the
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Thanks to the well-built drain canals on each side of the formation, the original route is still visible and easily traced on Google Earth as a large curve leading to the old jetty, in which piles still remain.
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became apparent, and the decision was made to use iron rails to Bluff and convert the Makarewa section to iron rails. Originally thought to be of reasonable cost to construct, the line soon proved otherwise.
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the junction handling trains from the original town station. A new Bluff Station crew and loco depot with a turning Wye was built (instead of a turntable) on the island. This also housed the diesel-powered
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Apart from wayside stations closing, the line has needed no major reconstruction work mainly because of the legacy of its excellent, if somewhat costly, 19th-century British railway construction methods.
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heavy shunting locomotive also worked the line on lighter transfer work. Following the withdrawal of the DJ class in the late 1980s and after the structural strengthening of bridges, both
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station goods shed and a re-positioned wagon turntable to represent the numerous former level crossings on Gore Street. Some rails to warehouses remain in situ at old entrances.
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A substantial drop in rail traffic has resulted as Southland moved from sheep meat-based farming to dairy. Shipping patterns also changed, with bulk commodities taking over.
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shunters, which also shunted the town side railyards and what was now called the Town Wharf. Mainline locomotives returned to Invercargill with the last train every day.
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The level crossing into the Phosphate Works at Wards Crossing is still active with regular shunting services. It is the southernmost level crossing on State Highway 1.
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Little remains of the harbour crossing and Invercargill Wharf due to draining and substantial land reclamation over 100 years, some bridge piles are still visible.
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were used. The DF and DX classes were occasional visitors with larger trains. Shunting power remained the preserve of the DSA class until the larger, twin-engine,
3069: 1404:) opened on 18 October 1864, built with wooden rails, as an apparently cheaper alternative to iron rails. The same year construction of a line to Bluff began. 38:. One of the first railways in New Zealand, it opened in 1867 and is still operating. Presently, it essentially functions as an elongated industrial siding. 1487:
until a change of gauge day on 18 December 1875 when it was decided to close the line instead of re-gauging it. The rails were taken up and used elsewhere.
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Mainline diesel power arrived on the Bluff Branch in the mid-1960s, sharing the line with steam power until 1970. After a trial with the heavy
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directly into a large five-bay shed with overhead conveyor loaders carrying frozen carcasses out of wagons and directly into a ship's hold.
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facilities were decommissioned in 2000. All pier-side rail activity was ended in 2010 because of new government safety laws.
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Rail access to the old Ocean Beach freezing works was removed in 2016, eliminating the level crossing over State Highway 1.
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split from Otago in 1861, partially over disputes over infrastructure spending. The new council under Superintendent
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arrived in 1988. In recent years the predominant motive power has been the Invercargill-based high powered
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steam railcar was used on the line to provide passenger services, but it was withdrawn in 1930 due to the
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and sent to New South Wales, although the locomotives and rolling stock never made it, being wrecked at
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always required reversal at Invercargill, as trains off both lines are facing north on arrival there.
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In 1866 the failure of the wooden rails used on the Invercargill-Makarewa section of what became the
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In 1870, the central government took effective control of railway development from the
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locomotives after their introduction in 1968 on account of their lower axle-load. The
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Acknowledge No Frontier – The Creation and Demise of New Zealand's Provinces, 1853–76
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kilometres (7.5 mi) line from Invercargill to Makarewa (today part of the
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to the deep swampy mud needing to be piled up with rocks and hardwood poles.
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By the 1960s, most trains between Invercargill and Bluff were in charge of
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Rails that built a Nation: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand Railways
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Morris, Karl; McNaught, Reid (September 2012). "Bluff Branch".
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operated some services to Bluff between 1979 and 1982.
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The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey through History
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National Library photos – 1904 outside of new station
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Bluff's history, including a mention of the railway
1799: 1787: 1754: 1727: 1698: 2064:Footplate: The Victorian Enginemans’s New Zealand 3080: 1923:"Demonstration Test Runs of the 'Lady Barkly'". 40: 3070:New Zealand railway museums and heritage lines 2040: 1977: 1926:Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin 1781: 1748: 1682:. Land Information New Zealand. Archived from 1614:diesel locomotives, services were operated by 1391:in 1859, but the swamp defeated the builders. 2151: 2137: 1978:Churchman, Geoffrey B; Hurst, Tony (2001) . 1565: 3059:represents lines used by passenger trains, 2020:Howell, Chris (June 1995). "Bluff Branch". 1982:(Second ed.). Transpress New Zealand. 1305:Old Wharf rail access and Loco turning wye 2144: 2130: 2003:New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society 1605: 1477: 2886:Dunedin Peninsula and Ocean Beach Railway 2117:view of tracks and neighbouring buildings 1325:Old Wharf Approach-Ferry Terminal Access 1427: 1415:The line was built to the international 2945:Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company 1996: 1721: 3089:Rail transport in the Southland Region 3081: 2019: 1958: 1856: 1844: 1829: 3063:indicates lines which are now closed. 2125: 2085:(Third ed.). Quail Map Company. 2083:New Zealand Railway and Tramway Atlas 2080: 2061: 1933: 1817: 1805: 1793: 1760: 1733: 1709: 2912:New Zealand Midland Railway Company 1588:main street, were removed in 1990. 1105:ex Ocean Beach Freezing Works spur 13: 3104:1867 establishments in New Zealand 1582: 14: 3120: 2101: 1552: 1348:Southern tip of Kiwirail network 420: 306: 26:since 2011, is a railway line in 1440: 1335: 1315: 1296: 1295: 1268: 1248: 1229: 1209: 1184: 1159: 1140: 1115: 1095: 1076: 1056: 1031: 1012: 992: 973: 953: 928: 908: 889: 869: 844: 819: 794: 771: 749: 730: 705: 685: 666: 646: 627: 602: 582: 562: 543: 517: 492: 472: 453: 446: 426: 419: 394: 387: 368: 361: 339: 332: 312: 305: 280: 273: 251: 244: 224: 204: 182: 162: 143: 142: 118: 91: 71: 1902:Tuatapere & Orawia Branches 1381: 1249: 1210: 1096: 993: 909: 647: 563: 454: 427: 245: 163: 2939:Taupo Totara Timber Co Railway 2260:Palmerston North–Gisborne Line 1963:. Wellington: Grantham House. 1672: 1641: 1528: 870: 750: 447: 388: 362: 350:ex Seaward Bush/Tokanui branch 340: 333: 274: 252: 183: 1: 3041:Wainuiomata railway proposals 3001:Canterbury Interior Main Line 1915: 1336: 1185: 119: 72: 3099:Railway lines in New Zealand 3094:Railway lines opened in 1867 1494: 1116: 1077: 1057: 1032: 1013: 974: 954: 929: 845: 820: 795: 772: 731: 667: 628: 603: 583: 518: 395: 281: 7: 2925:Riccarton Racecourse Siding 1895:Seaward Bush/Tokanui Branch 1866: 1452: 1316: 1269: 1230: 1160: 1141: 890: 706: 686: 544: 493: 473: 369: 313: 225: 205: 92: 10: 3125: 2958:Whakatane Board Mills Line 1934:Brett, AndrĂ© (June 2016). 1782:Churchman & Hurst 2001 1749:Churchman & Hurst 2001 1503: 193:ex Invercargill Wharf line 3054: 2983: 2967: 2871: 2706: 2573: 2456: 2340: 2333: 2287: 2233: 2226: 2214:), known together as the 2196: 2166: 2159: 2153:New Zealand railway lines 1999:South Island Branch Lines 1997:Hermann, Bruce J (1997). 1566:Station and working yards 1347: 1329: 1324: 1309: 1304: 1289: 1280: 1262: 1257: 1242: 1238: 1223: 1218: 1203: 1193: 1178: 1171: 1153: 1149: 1134: 1127: 1109: 1104: 1089: 1085: 1070: 1065: 1050: 1043: 1025: 1021: 1006: 1001: 986: 982: 967: 962: 947: 940: 922: 917: 902: 898: 883: 878: 863: 856: 838: 831: 813: 806: 788: 780: 765: 758: 743: 739: 724: 717: 699: 694: 679: 675: 660: 655: 640: 636: 621: 614: 596: 591: 576: 571: 556: 552: 537: 529: 511: 504: 486: 481: 466: 462: 440: 435: 413: 406: 381: 377: 355: 348: 326: 321: 299: 292: 267: 262:original Estuary crossing 260: 238: 233: 218: 213: 198: 191: 176: 171: 156: 151: 136: 127: 112: 103: 85: 80: 65: 30:, New Zealand that links 3021:Nelson railway proposals 3006:Haywards–Plimmerton Line 2950:Wellington–Manawatu Line 2314:Stillwater–Ngākawau Line 2265:Stratford–Okahukura Line 2241:Marton–New Plymouth line 1665: 1459:provinces of New Zealand 1389:Otago Provincial Council 506:Clifton freight terminal 3036:Taupo railway proposals 2991:Avondale–Southdown Line 2448:Waiuku and Mission Bush 2216:South Island Main Trunk 2180:North Island Main Trunk 1888:Browns/Hedgehope Branch 1606:Modern locomotive power 1562:(road alongside rail). 1478:Mokomoko Harbour Branch 2062:Troup, Gordon (1978). 1959:Bromby, Robin (2003). 1942:Otago University Press 1258:Old Wharf rail access 46:Bluff Branch route map 2996:Auckland Airport Line 2984:Significant proposals 2320:Waimea Plains Railway 2309:Otago Central Railway 2174:East Coast Main Trunk 1558:shipping causing it. 1428:Controversial opening 3016:Martinborough Branch 3011:Marsden Point Branch 2880:Dun Mountain Railway 2778:Ngapara and Tokarahi 2729:Dunback and Makareao 2081:Yonge, John (1985). 1628:DC class locomotives 2254:North Auckland Line 2043:New Zealand Railfan 2022:New Zealand Railfan 1547:J class locomotives 1195:Island Harbour line 1066:Harbour Embankment 963:Harbour Embankment 879:ex Mokomoko Branch 152:Bluff Branch start 3109:Bluff, New Zealand 3031:Paeroa–Pokeno Line 2968:Under construction 2892:Glen Massey Branch 2361:Donnellys Crossing 1909:Wairio/Ohai Branch 1686:on 25 October 2014 1636:DSG class shunters 1632:DSC class shunters 1393:Southland Province 3076: 3075: 2899:Hutt Park Railway 2867: 2866: 2584:Blackball and Roa 2329: 2328: 2222: 2221: 1951:978-1-927322-36-9 1929:. September 1964. 1573:Hunslet DSA class 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 533:original station 34:with the port of 22:, officially the 3116: 3026:North Shore Line 2338: 2337: 2277:Hutt Valley Line 2231: 2230: 2164: 2163: 2146: 2139: 2132: 2123: 2122: 2096: 2077: 2058: 2037: 2016: 1993: 1974: 1955: 1930: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1676: 1519:Great Depression 1339: 1338: 1319: 1318: 1299: 1298: 1272: 1271: 1252: 1251: 1233: 1232: 1213: 1212: 1188: 1187: 1163: 1162: 1144: 1143: 1119: 1118: 1099: 1098: 1080: 1079: 1060: 1059: 1035: 1034: 1016: 1015: 996: 995: 977: 976: 957: 956: 932: 931: 912: 911: 893: 892: 873: 872: 848: 847: 823: 822: 798: 797: 775: 774: 753: 752: 734: 733: 709: 708: 689: 688: 670: 669: 650: 649: 631: 630: 606: 605: 592:Woodend Cutting 586: 585: 566: 565: 547: 546: 521: 520: 496: 495: 476: 475: 457: 456: 450: 449: 436:Kingswell Creek 430: 429: 423: 422: 398: 397: 391: 390: 372: 371: 365: 364: 343: 342: 336: 335: 316: 315: 309: 308: 284: 283: 277: 276: 255: 254: 248: 247: 228: 227: 208: 207: 186: 185: 166: 165: 146: 145: 122: 121: 95: 94: 75: 74: 63: 62: 41: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3079: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3064: 3050: 2979: 2963: 2906:Kaitangata Line 2863: 2708: 2702: 2575: 2569: 2458: 2452: 2393:Mount Maunganui 2380:Kumeu–Riverhead 2342: 2325: 2283: 2227:Secondary lines 2218: 2208:Main South Line 2203:Main North Line 2192: 2155: 2150: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2074: 2013: 1990: 1971: 1952: 1922: 1918: 1881:Kingston Branch 1874:Main South Line 1869: 1864: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1836: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1644: 1608: 1585: 1583:Rationalisation 1568: 1555: 1531: 1506: 1497: 1480: 1455: 1443: 1435:Kingston Branch 1430: 1409:Kingston Branch 1384: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1345: 1340: 1320: 1300: 1278: 1273: 1253: 1234: 1219:Shannon Street 1214: 1189: 1169: 1164: 1145: 1125: 1120: 1100: 1081: 1061: 1041: 1036: 1017: 997: 978: 958: 938: 933: 918:Bluff Road SH1 913: 894: 874: 854: 849: 829: 824: 804: 799: 776: 760:Phosphate Works 754: 735: 715: 710: 690: 671: 656:Mokotua Stream 651: 632: 612: 607: 587: 572:Waimatua Creek 567: 548: 527: 522: 502: 497: 477: 458: 451: 431: 424: 404: 399: 392: 373: 366: 351: 344: 337: 317: 310: 290: 285: 278: 263: 256: 249: 229: 214:Ettrick Street 209: 194: 187: 167: 147: 132: 130:Main South Line 123: 101: 96: 76: 57: 48: 47: 12: 11: 5: 3122: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3074: 3073: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2975:City Rail Link 2971: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2961: 2954: 2942: 2935: 2932:Sanson Tramway 2928: 2921: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2883: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2807: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2725: 2718: 2712: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2686: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2643: 2636: 2629: 2622: 2615: 2608: 2601: 2594: 2587: 2579: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2555: 2548: 2541: 2534: 2527: 2520: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2468: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2371: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2346: 2344: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2303:Nelson Section 2299: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2271:Wairarapa Line 2267: 2262: 2257: 2250: 2247:Newmarket Line 2243: 2237: 2235: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2212:Lyttelton Line 2200: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2134: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2103: 2102:External links 2100: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2078: 2072: 2059: 2038: 2017: 2011: 2001:. Wellington: 1994: 1988: 1975: 1969: 1956: 1950: 1931: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1859:, p. 100. 1849: 1834: 1832:, p. 130. 1822: 1820:, p. 198. 1810: 1808:, p. 124. 1798: 1796:, p. 123. 1786: 1784:, p. 208. 1765: 1763:, p. 117. 1753: 1751:, p. 207. 1738: 1736:, p. 114. 1726: 1714: 1697: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1643: 1640: 1607: 1604: 1584: 1581: 1567: 1564: 1554: 1553:Island Harbour 1551: 1530: 1527: 1523:Kingston Flyer 1505: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1479: 1476: 1474:, West Coast. 1454: 1451: 1442: 1439: 1429: 1426: 1417:standard gauge 1383: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1192: 1190: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1173:Bluff West Jnc 1170: 1167: 1165: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1002:Tidal outflow 1000: 998: 991: 989: 987: 984: 983: 981: 979: 972: 970: 968: 965: 964: 961: 959: 952: 950: 948: 945: 944: 939: 936: 934: 927: 925: 923: 920: 919: 916: 914: 907: 905: 903: 900: 899: 897: 895: 888: 886: 884: 881: 880: 877: 875: 868: 866: 864: 861: 860: 855: 852: 850: 843: 841: 839: 836: 835: 830: 827: 825: 818: 816: 814: 811: 810: 805: 802: 800: 793: 791: 789: 786: 785: 779: 777: 770: 768: 766: 763: 762: 757: 755: 748: 746: 744: 741: 740: 738: 736: 729: 727: 725: 722: 721: 719:Wards Crossing 716: 713: 711: 704: 702: 700: 697: 696: 693: 691: 684: 682: 680: 677: 676: 674: 672: 665: 663: 661: 658: 657: 654: 652: 645: 643: 641: 638: 637: 635: 633: 626: 624: 622: 619: 618: 613: 610: 608: 601: 599: 597: 594: 593: 590: 588: 581: 579: 577: 574: 573: 570: 568: 561: 559: 557: 554: 553: 551: 549: 542: 540: 538: 535: 534: 528: 525: 523: 516: 514: 512: 509: 508: 503: 500: 498: 491: 489: 487: 484: 483: 480: 478: 471: 469: 467: 464: 463: 461: 459: 452: 445: 443: 441: 438: 437: 434: 432: 425: 418: 416: 414: 411: 410: 405: 402: 400: 393: 386: 384: 382: 379: 378: 376: 374: 367: 360: 358: 356: 353: 352: 349: 347: 345: 338: 331: 329: 327: 324: 323: 320: 318: 311: 304: 302: 300: 297: 296: 291: 288: 286: 279: 272: 270: 268: 265: 264: 261: 259: 257: 250: 243: 241: 239: 236: 235: 234:Crinan Street 232: 230: 223: 221: 219: 216: 215: 212: 210: 203: 201: 199: 196: 195: 192: 190: 188: 181: 179: 177: 174: 173: 170: 168: 161: 159: 157: 154: 153: 150: 148: 141: 139: 137: 134: 133: 128: 126: 124: 117: 115: 113: 110: 109: 102: 99: 97: 90: 88: 86: 83: 82: 81:Wairio Branch 79: 77: 70: 68: 66: 59: 58: 53: 50: 49: 45: 44: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3121: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872:Private lines 2870: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2792: 2791:Port Chalmers 2789: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2722:Catlins River 2719: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2665:Hokitika/Ross 2663: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2591:Cape Foulwind 2588: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2094: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2073:0 589 01096 4 2069: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2012:0-908573-70-7 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1989:0-908876-20-3 1985: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1970:1-86934-080-9 1966: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1858: 1853: 1847:, p. 99. 1846: 1841: 1839: 1831: 1826: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1802: 1795: 1790: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1762: 1757: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1735: 1730: 1724:, p. 42. 1723: 1718: 1712:, p. 30. 1711: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1671: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1563: 1559: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1501: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1450: 1447: 1441:Kew diversion 1438: 1436: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1397:James Menzies 1394: 1390: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1342: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1275: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1216: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198:Port of Bluff 1196: 1191: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1166: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1102: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1083: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1063: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1038: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1010: 1008: 1005: 999: 990: 988: 985: 980: 971: 969: 966: 960: 951: 949: 946: 943: 935: 926: 924: 921: 915: 906: 904: 901: 896: 887: 885: 882: 876: 867: 865: 862: 859: 851: 842: 840: 837: 834: 826: 817: 815: 812: 809: 801: 792: 790: 787: 784: 781:Colyers Road 778: 769: 767: 764: 761: 756: 747: 745: 742: 737: 728: 726: 723: 720: 712: 703: 701: 698: 692: 683: 681: 678: 673: 664: 662: 659: 653: 644: 642: 639: 634: 625: 623: 620: 617: 609: 600: 598: 595: 589: 580: 578: 575: 569: 560: 558: 555: 550: 541: 539: 536: 532: 524: 515: 513: 510: 507: 499: 490: 488: 485: 479: 470: 468: 465: 460: 444: 442: 439: 433: 417: 415: 412: 409: 401: 385: 383: 380: 375: 359: 357: 354: 346: 330: 328: 325: 319: 303: 301: 298: 295: 287: 271: 269: 266: 258: 242: 240: 237: 231: 222: 220: 217: 211: 202: 200: 197: 189: 180: 178: 175: 172:Tweed Street 169: 160: 158: 155: 149: 140: 138: 135: 131: 125: 116: 114: 111: 108: 107: 98: 89: 87: 84: 78: 69: 67: 64: 61: 60: 56: 52: 51: 43: 42: 39: 37: 33: 29: 25: 21: 16: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3046:Waipu Branch 2956: 2948: 2937: 2930: 2923: 2917:Midland Line 2915: 2904: 2897: 2890: 2878: 2856: 2849: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2802: 2795: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2709:South Island 2695: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2657: 2645: 2640:Mount Somers 2638: 2631: 2626:Little River 2624: 2617: 2610: 2603: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2576:South Island 2557: 2550: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2522: 2515: 2510:Mount Egmont 2508: 2501: 2496:Johnsonville 2494: 2487: 2475: 2459:North Island 2440: 2423: 2416: 2409: 2402: 2385: 2378: 2366: 2359: 2343:North Island 2334:Branch lines 2318: 2301: 2296:Midland Line 2294: 2288:South Island 2275: 2269: 2252: 2245: 2234:North Island 2201: 2197:South Island 2184: 2178: 2167:North Island 2082: 2063: 2046: 2042: 2025: 2021: 1998: 1979: 1960: 1936: 1924: 1907: 1900: 1893: 1886: 1879: 1872: 1852: 1825: 1813: 1801: 1789: 1756: 1729: 1722:Hermann 1997 1717: 1688:. Retrieved 1684:the original 1680:"Bluff Line" 1674: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1577: 1569: 1560: 1556: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1467: 1463:narrow gauge 1456: 1448: 1444: 1431: 1422: 1414: 1406: 1385: 1382:Construction 1281: 1277:25.6 km 1194: 1172: 1168:24.4 km 1128: 1044: 1040:21.9 km 941: 937:19.3 km 857: 832: 828:13.3 km 808:Awarua North 807: 803:12.7 km 782: 759: 718: 695:Kekeno Road 615: 611:08.1 km 530: 526:05.5 km 505: 501:04.3 km 482:Lake Street 407: 403:03.3 km 322:Bond Street 294:Clyde Street 293: 289:01.5 km 106:Invercargill 104: 32:Invercargill 23: 20:Bluff Branch 19: 17: 15: 2851:Walton Park 2697:Whitecliffs 2676:Southbridge 2670:Seddonville 2598:Conns Creek 2471:Castlecliff 2186:Kapiti Line 1940:. Dunedin: 1857:Bromby 2003 1845:Bromby 2003 1830:Bromby 2003 1642:2000s–2010s 1529:Locomotives 1468:Cezarewitch 1402:Ohai Branch 1129:Ocean Beach 1045:Green Point 714:9.8 km 3083:Categories 2804:Shag Point 2483:Gracefield 2368:Glen Afton 2355:Dargaville 2160:Main lines 2092:090060932X 1916:References 1818:Brett 2016 1806:Brett 2016 1794:Brett 2016 1761:Brett 2016 1734:Brett 2016 1710:Yonge 1985 942:Greenhills 858:Awarua Jnc 24:Bluff Line 2825:Tuatapere 2743:Hedgehope 2619:Ferrymead 2517:Moutohora 2350:Cambridge 2055:1173-2229 2034:1173-2229 1690:1 October 1495:Operation 28:Southland 3066:See also 2797:Roxburgh 2771:Mossburn 2750:Kingston 2736:Fernhill 2565:Wanganui 2489:Greytown 2436:Tāneatua 2411:Onehunga 2398:Murupara 2374:Kinleith 1867:See also 1620:DE class 1616:DJ class 1612:DG class 1453:Regauged 3061:Italics 2858:Wyndham 2839:Waikaka 2832:Waikaia 2818:Tokanui 2811:Tapanui 2764:Moeraki 2690:Waimate 2659:Rewanui 2653:Rapahoe 2633:Methven 2612:Fairlie 2605:Eyreton 2559:Waitara 2538:Raetihi 2531:Opunake 2524:Ngatapa 2503:Melling 2466:Ahuriri 2431:Rotorua 2418:Onerahi 2404:Okaihau 2387:Manukau 1515:Clayton 1504:Station 1472:Big Bay 616:Woodend 531:Clifton 2845:Wairio 2785:Outram 2647:Oxford 2552:Te Aro 2545:Taonui 2477:Foxton 2442:Thames 2274:(inc. 2210:(inc. 2183:(inc. 2089:  2070:  2053:  2032:  2009:  1986:  1967:  1948:  833:Awarua 783:closed 55:Legend 2757:Kurow 2716:Bluff 2707:Lower 2683:Waiau 2574:Upper 2457:Lower 2341:Upper 2049:(4). 2028:(3). 1666:Notes 1283:Bluff 36:Bluff 3057:Bold 2425:Opua 2206:and 2115:and 2087:ISBN 2068:ISBN 2051:ISSN 2030:ISSN 2007:ISBN 1984:ISBN 1965:ISBN 1946:ISBN 1692:2014 1626:and 1545:and 1344:26km 1124:23km 853:14Km 100:00Km 18:The 1624:DBR 1376:Map 408:Kew 3085:: 3068:: 2047:18 2045:. 2024:. 2005:. 1944:. 1837:^ 1768:^ 1741:^ 1700:^ 2953:) 2947:( 2920:) 2914:( 2280:) 2189:) 2145:e 2138:t 2131:v 2095:. 2076:. 2057:. 2036:. 2026:1 2015:. 1992:. 1973:. 1954:. 1694:. 1543:A

Index

Southland
Invercargill
Bluff
Legend
Invercargill
Main South Line
Port of Bluff
Bluff
Otago Provincial Council
Southland Province
James Menzies
Ohai Branch
Kingston Branch
standard gauge
Kingston Branch
provinces of New Zealand
narrow gauge
Big Bay
Clayton
Great Depression
Kingston Flyer
A
J class locomotives
Hunslet DSA class
DG class
DJ class
DE class
DBR
DC class locomotives
DSC class shunters

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