368:. It was demonstrated in the frog embryo that the first cleavage furrow widens in the animal hemisphere creating a small intercellular cavity that is sealed off via tight junctions. As cleavage continues, the cavity expands to become the developed blastocoel. The blastocoel is a crucial component of amphibian embryo development. It permits cell migration during gastrulation and prevents the cells beneath the blastocoel from interacting prematurely with the cells above the blastocoel. For instance, the blastocoel prevents the vegetal cells destined to become
41:
410:
cells surrounding it outwards. At this point, the cells have become specified and are ciliated on the opposite side of the blastocoel. The vegetal plate and animal hemisphere develop and secrete a hatching enzyme that digests the fertilization envelope and allows the embryo to now become a free-swimming hatched blastula.
404:
At the 120- cell stage, the sea urchin embryo is considered a blastula because of its developed blastocoel, which every embryonic cell surrounds and touches. Every cell is in contact with the proteinaceous fluid of the blastocoel on the inside and touches the hyaline layer on the outside. The loosely
409:
that create a seamless epithelium that completely encircles the blastocoel. Even as the blastomeres continue to divide, the blastula remains one-cell thick and thins out as the embryo expands outward. This is accomplished in part due to the influx of water that expands the blastocoel and pushes the
449:
cleavage. The blastoderm develops into the epiblast and hypoblast and it is between these layers that the blastocoel will form. The shape and formation of the avian blastodisc differs from amphibian, fish, and echinoderm blastulas, but the overall spatial relationship of the blastocoel remains the
29:
623:
Heasman, Janet; Crawford, Aaron; Goldstone, Kim; Garner-Hamrick, Peggy; Gumbiner, Barry; McCrea, Pierre; Kintner, Chris; Noro, Chikako
Yoshida; Wylie, Chris (1994). "Overexpression of cadherins and underexpression of β-catenin inhibit dorsal mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos".
331:
cells contain sodium (Na) pumps, Na/K- ATPase and Na/H exchangers, that pump sodium into the embryo. The oviduct cells stimulate these trophoblast sodium pumps as the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. The accumulation of sodium pulls in water through
1056:(online). Amsterdam, NDE: Elsevier-Saunders. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "blastocoel... the fluid-filled cavity of the mass of cells (blastula) produced by cleavage of fertilized ovum. Sometimes spelled...alled...'Also' blastocoelic ...pertaining to the blastocoele.";
458:
The avian blastocoel is important during the development of the primitive streak. The ingression of the endodermal precursor cells form the epiblast into the blastocoel and the migration of lateral cells of the posterior epiblast towards the center form the early
430:. These cells then dissociate and ingress into the blastocoel and are called the primary mesenchyme. The cells move randomly along the inside of the blastocoel, until they become localized in the ventrolateral region of the blastocoel.
916:
Galileo, Deni S.; Morrill, John B. (1985). "Patterns of cells and extracellular material of the sea urchinLytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) embryo, from hatched blastula to late gastrula".
388:. If the mRNA is destroyed, then there’s no EP-cadherin, little to no blastomere adhesion and the blastocoel is non-existent. During the next stage of embryonic development, amphibian
360:
An amphibian embryo in the 128- cell stage is considered a blastula as the blastocoel in the embryo becomes apparent during this stage. The fluid-filled cavity forms in the
1488:
802:
Dumortier, Julien G.; Le Verge-Serandour, Mathieu; Tortorelli, Anna
Francesca; Mielke, Annette; De Plater, Ludmilla; Turlier, Hervé; Maître, Jean-Léon (2019).
771:
Dumortier, Julien G.; Le Verge-Serandour, Mathieu; Tortorelli, Anna
Francesca; Mielke, Annette; De Plater, Ludmilla; Turlier, Hervé; Maître, Jean-Léon (2019).
384:
The blastocoel can be damaged and abolished if the adhesion between blastomeres, provided by cell adhesion molecules like EP-cadherin, is destroyed as mRNA by
963:
Cherr, GN; Summers, RG; Baldwin, JD; Morrill, JB (15 June 1992). "Preservation and visualization of the sea urchin embryo blastocoelic extracellular matrix".
1006:
Kimmel, Charles B.; Ballard, William W.; Kimmel, Seth R.; Ullmann, Bonnie; Schilling, Thomas F. (1995). "Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish".
344:. The blastocoel further expands and the inner cell mass becomes positioned on one side of the trophoblast cells forming a mammalian blastula, called a
1481:
722:
295:
is a solid ball of cells that has a small group of internal cells surrounded by a larger group of external cells. Then blastomeres undergo
1474:
833:
Nieuwkoop, PD (1973). "The organization center of the amphibian embryo: its origin, spatial organization, and morphogenetic action".
483:
do not have a defined blastocoel. Rather, they have small, irregular extracellular spaces that are formed between the cells of the
467:
and functions as an opening through which cells travel into the blastocoel. As cells migrate into the blastocoel, they undergo an
1684:
681:
468:
1159:
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side of the blastula begins to flatten and thicken as a small cluster of these cells develop long, thin processes called
352:
and the blastocoel is the first axis of symmetry of mammalian embryo and determines its attachment point to the uterus.
736:
Wiley, Lynn M. (1984). "Cavitation in the mouse preimplantation embryo: and the origin of nascent blastocoele fluid".
1128:
1103:
1078:
878:
Purcell, SM; Keller, R (January 1993). "A different type of amphibian mesoderm morphogenesis in
Ceratophrys ornata".
854:
706:
542:
1057:
591:"The relationship between cleavage and blastocoel formation in Xenopus laevis. I. Light microscopic observations"
340:. To form a single lumen, the fluid from multiple water pockets collects into a single entity in process akin to
525:
Biggers, JD; Borland, RM; Powers, RD (1977). "Transport
Mechanisms in the Preimplantation Mammalian Embryo".
307:. The inner cell mass will go on to become the actual embryo. The external, surrounding cells develop into
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of the frog. However, the early formation of the blastocoel has been traced back to the very first
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396:, during mid-gastrulation. At the end of gastrulation, the blastocoel has been obliterated.
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Similar to mammals, fertilization of the avian ovum occurs in the oviduct. From there the
8:
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804:"Hydraulic fracturing and active coarsening position the lumen of the mouse blastocyst"
773:"Hydraulic fracturing and active coarsening position the lumen of the mouse blastocyst"
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cells, which only contribute to extra-embryonic tissues. At this stage there is no
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cells transport fluid into the embryo to create a blastocoel, the fluid-filled
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40:
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a very small cavity has been described in the two-cell stage of development.
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formed as the embryo enlarges, and is the essential precursor for the
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422:. After the blastula hatches from the fertilization envelope, the
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Ciba
Foundation Symposium 52 - the Freezing of Mammalian Embryos
463:. As these cells converge inward, a depression forms called the
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529:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 52. pp. 129–53.
336:. The accumulation of water breaks open cell-cell contacts via
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239:
98:
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Important to the sea urchin blastula is the ingression of the
176:
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Fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity that forms in the blastula
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Unlike amphibian, echinoderm, mammalian, and avian embryos,
405:
connected blastomeres are now tightly connected because of
167:
1005:
962:
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is a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity that forms in the
158:
701:(Fifth ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom. p. 375.
676:(9th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.
392:, the blastocoel is displaced by the formation of the
211:. At this stage in mammals the blastula is called the
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283:. At the 8- or 16-cell stage, the embryo undergoes
149:
595:Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology
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1123:(6th ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
1098:(6th ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
1073:(6th ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
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372:from coming in contact with those cells in the
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376:fated to give rise to the skin and nerves.
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721:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
279:divisions forming daughter cells known as
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246:. It is the first fluid-filled cavity or
1054:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
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469:epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation
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906:
871:
696:
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315:within the embryo. In a process called
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1115:"The Early Development of Sea Urchins"
1052:Dorlands Staff (2004). "blastocoel ".
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303:fate and the external layer becoming
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58:layer, alongside the surface of the
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847:10.1016/b978-0-12-028610-2.50005-8
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1497:Membranes of the fetus and embryo
965:Microscopy Research and Technique
414:Development of primary mesenchyme
399:
299:with internal cells adopting the
355:
145:
474:
795:
764:
46:Schematic diagram showing the
1:
1090:"Early Amphibian Development"
1065:"Early Mammalian Development"
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454:Formation of primitive streak
266:
215:, which consists of an outer
52:embryoblast (inner cell mass)
1685:Animal developmental biology
750:10.1016/0012-1606(84)90290-2
638:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90069-8
275:undergoes several rounds of
7:
1445:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
1390:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
1169:Human embryonic development
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10:
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672:Gilbert, Scott F. (2010).
505:"Definition of BLASTOCOEL"
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1113:Gilbert, Scott F (2000).
1088:Gilbert, Scott F (2000).
1063:Gilbert, Scott F (2000).
835:Advances in Morphogenesis
699:Principles of development
535:10.1002/9780470720332.ch7
348:. The axis formed by the
271:After fertilization, the
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1527:Intermediate trophoblast
1450:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
1362:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
1171:in the first three weeks
589:Kalt, Marvin R. (1971).
297:cellular differentiation
977:10.1002/jemt.1070220104
931:10.1002/jmor.1051850310
820:10.1126/science.aaw7709
789:10.1126/science.aaw7709
697:Wolpert, Lewis (2015).
487:sitting atop the yolk.
327:. The membranes of the
1334:Regional specification
1020:10.1002/aja.1002030302
1008:Developmental Dynamics
234:It develops following
123:Anatomical terminology
1440:Intraembryonic coelom
1120:Developmental Biology
1095:Developmental Biology
1070:Developmental Biology
919:Journal of Morphology
892:10.1242/dev.117.1.307
738:Developmental Biology
674:Developmental biology
209:embryonic development
380:Damage to blastocoel
338:hydraulic fracturing
33:Mammalian blastocoel
1654:Reichert's membrane
1522:Syncytiotrophoblast
201:segmentation cavity
1555:Intervillous space
420:primary mesenchyme
291:. Eventually, the
207:during very early
195:, and also called
116:primitive yolk sac
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1671:
1649:Heuser's membrane
1464:
1463:
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1189:Oocyte activation
814:(6452): 465–468.
783:(6452): 465–468.
683:978-0-87893-384-6
362:animal hemisphere
223:, enveloping the
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1595:Umbilical artery
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1315:Primitive groove
1296:Primitive streak
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461:primitive streak
386:oligonucleotides
342:Ostwald ripening
187:), also spelled
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1616:Circulatory
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1284:Germ layers
1234:Trophoblast
880:Development
447:meroblastic
394:archenteron
309:trophoblast
281:blastomeres
189:blastocoele
60:endometrium
56:trophoblast
50:, with its
1644:Blastocoel
1423:Somitomere
1310:Blastopore
1274:Trilaminar
1224:Blastocyst
1219:Blastocoel
1214:Cavitation
1204:Blastomere
491:References
485:blastodisc
440:blastodisc
346:blastocyst
317:cavitation
285:compaction
267:In mammals
229:blastocoel
217:epithelium
213:blastocyst
193:blastocele
141:blastocoel
48:blastocyst
22:Blastocoel
1534:Allantois
1256:Hypoblast
1247:Bilaminar
717:cite book
571:ignored (
561:cite book
481:zebrafish
444:discoidal
428:filopodia
257:. In the
94:Precursor
1679:Category
1623:Placenta
1413:Paraxial
1400:Mesoderm
1382:Endoderm
1344:Ectoderm
1322:Gastrula
1261:Epiblast
1199:Cleavage
1036:19327966
993:32044141
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434:In birds
374:ectoderm
370:endoderm
277:cleavage
255:gastrula
238:of the
236:cleavage
227:and the
205:blastula
111:Gastrula
54:and its
1628:Chorion
1539:Decidua
1270:Week 3
1243:Week 2
1028:8589427
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808:Science
777:Science
758:6090240
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424:vegetal
334:osmosis
260:Xenopus
68:Details
1570:cavity
1560:Amnion
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1209:Morula
1194:Zygote
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293:morula
289:morula
273:zygote
242:after
240:zygote
219:, the
99:Morula
1637:Other
1582:Fetus
1032:S2CID
989:S2CID
943:S2CID
650:S2CID
325:lumen
313:lumen
248:lumen
199:, or
127:[
1125:ISBN
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723:link
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642:PMID
626:Cell
603:PMID
573:help
549:PMID
539:ISBN
191:and
139:The
85:Days
1565:sac
1016:doi
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