303:
64:
42:
180:, which was originally considered a member of the oomycetes. Accordingly, members of Blastocladiomycota are often referred to colloquially as "chytrids." However, some feel "chytrid" should refer only to members of Chytridiomycota. Thus, members of Blastocladiomycota are commonly called "
273:
thallus with two types of sporangia: thin-walled zoosporangia and thick walled resting spores (or sporangia). The thin walled sporangia release diploid zoospores. The resting spore serves as a means of enduring unfavorable conditions. When conditions are favorable again,
290:, members of Blastocladiomycota produce asexual zoospores to colonize new substrates. In some species, a curious phenomenon has been observed in the asexual zoospores. From time to time, asexual zoospores will pair up and exchange
324:
Similar to
Chytridiomycota, members of Blastocladiomycota are capable of growing on refractory materials, such as pollen, keratin, cellulose, and chitin. The best known species, however, are the parasites. Members of
407:
Based on the work of
Philippe Silar and "The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research" and synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi".
188:
lumped together as the zoosporic true fungi. Blastocladiomycota contains 5 families and approximately 12 genera. This early diverging branch of kingdom Fungi is the first to exhibit
239:. Members of this phylum also exhibit a form of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy. Anisogamy is the fusion of two sexual gametes that differ in morphology, usually size. In
763:
Tedersoo, Leho; Sanchez-Ramırez, Santiago; Koljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Doring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (22 February 2018).
1711:
1568:
1485:
1784:
1716:
1686:
1578:
1344:
1573:
1312:
1804:
1355:
543:
214:
Morphology in
Blastocladiomycota varies greatly. For example, members of Coelomycetaceae are simple, unwalled, and plasmodial in nature. Some species in
1691:
652:
278:
occurs and haploid zoospores are released. These germinate and grow into haploid thalli that will produce âmaleâ and âfemaleâ gametangia and gametes.
587:
522:
2359:
1174:
663:
630:
500:
445:
1701:
1653:
609:
564:
1842:
1350:
1018:
597:
2964:
1696:
553:
511:
850:
Porter TM ââetalââ 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the
Blastocladiomycota (Fungi) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA. Fungal Biology 115:381-392.
2925:
176:
were used to demonstrate it was not monophyletic with
Chytridiomycota. The order was first erected by Petersen for a single genus,
2065:
937:
910:
883:
17:
1011:
385:, an unusual parasite of mosquitoes that requires an alternate crustacean host (the same one parasitized by members of
953:
3040:
2969:
1059:
927:
1054:
795:
Hibbett DS et al. 2007. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the fungi. Mycological
Research 111:509â47.
218:
are monocentric, like the chytrids, while others are polycentric. The most remarkable are those members, such as
63:
1138:
1128:
1111:
1004:
2877:
841:
Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. 1996. Introductory
Mycology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3025:
2058:
996:
236:
189:
2979:
2202:
2917:
249:, and has an erect trunk on which reproductive organs are formed at the end of branches. During the
990:
817:
Sparrow FK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of
Michigan Press.
2287:
1918:
1526:
1143:
3002:
3030:
2839:
2051:
1518:
1302:
986:
873:
3035:
2515:
2165:
1663:
1325:
1294:
1106:
1035:
389:) to complete its life cycle. Others that are ecologically interesting include a parasite of
185:
2992:
2886:
2180:
1951:
1898:
1457:
1320:
198:
8:
1928:
1903:
1643:
1444:
1383:
1378:
900:
141:
129:
2043:
859:
Kendrick, Bryce. 2000. The Fifth
Kingdom. 3rd edition Focus Publishing: Newburyport, MA.
765:"High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses"
2192:
2004:
1956:
1943:
1923:
1908:
1888:
1837:
1508:
1480:
1434:
1123:
1101:
1089:
1064:
619:
58:
184:" by mycologists. Alternatively, members of Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and
2987:
2302:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1913:
1764:
1614:
1500:
1426:
1133:
1096:
1084:
1074:
933:
906:
879:
745:
302:
2578:
2457:
2349:
2292:
2232:
2227:
2155:
2140:
2033:
1880:
1827:
1769:
1678:
1635:
1606:
1490:
1452:
1360:
1048:
776:
737:
642:
438:
359:
and the causal agent of brown spot disease. Also of importance are the species of
173:
720:
James, T.Y.; et al. (2006). "A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (
2751:
2656:
2618:
2573:
2505:
2262:
2222:
2207:
2100:
2009:
1999:
1981:
1933:
1847:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1706:
1668:
1544:
1467:
1335:
1251:
1221:
1216:
533:
287:
166:
165:. Blastocladiomycota was originally the order Blastocladiales within the phylum
146:
134:
120:
116:
2912:
2862:
2811:
2756:
2746:
2588:
2402:
2354:
2267:
2242:
2237:
2217:
2212:
2115:
2105:
1994:
1989:
1814:
1794:
1774:
1756:
1741:
1726:
1583:
1475:
1416:
1079:
741:
193:
170:
781:
764:
162:
3019:
2535:
2520:
2482:
2407:
2343:
2329:
2277:
2272:
2186:
2175:
2170:
2150:
2145:
2120:
1865:
1832:
1822:
1746:
1559:
1549:
1408:
1184:
315:
902:
Protistes
Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes
2731:
2726:
2701:
2676:
2666:
2593:
2462:
2336:
2297:
2282:
2257:
2252:
2197:
2130:
1893:
1658:
1536:
1166:
749:
674:
575:
381:
961:
2938:
2871:
2786:
2761:
2706:
2681:
2603:
2598:
2563:
2553:
2247:
2160:
1226:
1027:
1026:
467:
376:
361:
345:
2819:
2781:
2711:
2691:
2686:
2671:
2641:
2613:
2568:
2558:
2530:
2525:
2467:
2442:
2135:
2110:
1624:
1397:
456:
390:
371:
351:
339:
308:
262:
254:
2943:
2899:
2736:
2716:
2608:
2487:
2422:
2412:
2397:
2392:
2373:
2125:
685:
330:
291:
241:
75:
2956:
2833:
762:
2951:
2904:
2856:
2791:
2771:
2766:
2741:
2721:
2696:
2661:
2651:
2646:
2477:
2452:
2432:
2092:
1648:
1282:
1273:
1259:
1118:
246:
2930:
2796:
2776:
2472:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2383:
2320:
1870:
1597:
395:
366:
275:
270:
258:
250:
41:
2891:
2636:
2628:
2497:
1031:
266:
85:
2545:
2417:
379:. Also of human interest, for health reasons, are members of
356:
235:
As stated above, some members of Blastocladiomycota exhibit
161:
is one of the currently recognized phyla within the kingdom
2583:
2075:
958:
Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement
2073:
349:
are obligate plant parasites. Of economic importance is
929:
The Mycota VII A: Systematics and Evolution (2nd ed.)
222:
that demonstrate determinant, differentiated growth.
333:, midges, crustaceans, and even another blastoclad,
375:are important parasites of many aquatic and marsh
3017:
2360:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
919:
867:
865:
1250:
2059:
1012:
871:
862:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
853:
719:
715:
713:
2066:
2052:
1019:
1005:
954:"Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi"
820:
798:
789:
225:
40:
989:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
844:
780:
253:phase, the thallus forms male and female
892:
710:
301:
2091:
494:Petersen 1909 sensu Cavalier-Smith 2012
281:
14:
3018:
2319:
230:
2838:
2837:
2047:
1000:
925:
898:
2980:93e7862c-4367-4679-b4c4-f31241bfbbc1
261:. Gametes attract one another using
245:, the thallus (body) is attached by
724:) and description of a new phylum (
297:
269:. The germinated zygote produces a
24:
25:
3052:
980:
450:Boussiba, Zarka & James 2011
62:
946:
878:. Academic Press. p. 116.
53:sp. sporophyte growing on agar
756:
265:and eventually fuse to form a
192:. As well, two (once) popular
13:
1:
703:
624:Sorokin 1889 non Roussel 1806
209:
169:until molecular and zoospore
668:Emerson & Robertson 1974
7:
402:
27:Phylum of flagellated fungi
10:
3057:
742:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.860
417:Tehler, 1988 ex James 2006
237:alternation of generations
190:alternation of generations
2846:
2809:
2627:
2544:
2496:
2381:
2372:
2315:
2087:
2083:
2078:phyla/divisions by domain
2030:
1980:
1942:
1879:
1864:
1813:
1755:
1734:
1725:
1677:
1634:
1623:
1605:
1596:
1558:
1535:
1517:
1499:
1466:
1443:
1425:
1407:
1396:
1369:
1334:
1311:
1293:
1281:
1272:
1243:
1209:
1192:
1183:
1165:
1158:
1042:
932:. Springer. p. 461.
782:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0
483:Class Blastocladiomycetes
422:Class Physodermatomycetes
369:. However, ecologically,
257:that release flagellated
204:Blastocladiella emersonii
126:
115:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
991:Medical Subject Headings
206:âbelong to this phylum.
3041:Fungi by classification
2288:Thermodesulfobacteriota
1919:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
1712:Sporopachydermiomycetes
1527:Calcarisporiellomycetes
337:. Members of the genus
226:Reproduction/life cycle
1569:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
1519:Calcarisporiellomycota
1486:Ramicandelaberomycetes
1303:Neocallimastigomycetes
872:Schaechter M. (2011).
321:
2516:Neocallimastigomycota
2036:(polyphyletic group).
1664:Schizosaccharomycetes
1326:Monoblepharidomycetes
1295:Neocallimastigomycota
491:Order Blastocladiales
430:Order Physodermatales
393:and the zooplankter
305:
186:Neocallimastigomycota
2181:Coprothermobacterota
1952:Peribolosporomycetes
1899:Agaricostilbomycetes
1785:Collemopsidiomycetes
1659:Pneumocystidomycetes
1458:Entomophthoromycetes
1321:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
1202:Paramicrosporidiales
905:. HAL. p. 462.
425:Tedersoo et al. 2018
282:Asexual reproduction
199:Allomyces macrogynus
1929:Spiculogloeomycetes
1904:Cystobasidiomycetes
1717:Trigonopsidomycetes
1687:Alloascoideomycetes
1644:Archaeorhizomycetes
1579:Archaeosporomycetes
1445:Entomophthoromycota
1384:Blastocladiomycetes
1379:Physodermatomycetes
1345:Caulochytriomycetes
1185:Microsporidiomycota
875:Eukaryotic Microbes
433:Cavalier-Smith 2012
231:Sexual reproduction
142:Blastocladiomycetes
130:Physodermatomycetes
49:Zoosporangia of an
35:Blastocladiomycota
18:Blastocladiomycetes
3026:Blastocladiomycota
3003:blastocladiomycota
2878:Blastocladiomycota
2848:Blastocladiomycota
2511:Blastocladiomycota
2005:Bartheletiomycetes
1957:Monilielliomycetes
1944:Ustilaginomycotina
1924:Atractiellomycetes
1909:Microbotryomycetes
1889:Tritirachiomycetes
1838:Laboulbeniomycetes
1574:Paraglomeromycetes
1509:Mortierellomycetes
1481:Dimargaritomycetes
1435:Basidiobolomycetes
1371:Blastocladiomycota
1313:Monoblepharomycota
987:Blastocladiomycota
726:Blastocladiomycota
414:Blastocladiomycota
322:
159:Blastocladiomycota
106:Blastocladiomycota
96:Blastocladiomyceta
3013:
3012:
2988:Open Tree of Life
2840:Taxon identifiers
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2805:
2804:
2368:
2367:
2311:
2310:
2303:Verrucomicrobiota
2041:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
1972:Exobasidiomycetes
1967:Ustilaginomycetes
1962:Malasseziomycetes
1914:Classiculomycetes
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1805:Xylobotryomycetes
1765:Candelariomycetes
1615:Entorrhizomycetes
1592:
1591:
1501:Mortierellomycota
1427:Basidiobolomycota
1392:
1391:
1356:Sanchytriomycetes
1268:
1267:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
964:on 14 August 2016
939:978-3-642-55317-2
912:978-2-9555841-0-1
885:978-0-12-383877-3
691:
680:
669:
658:
647:
636:
625:
614:
603:
592:
581:
570:
559:
548:
544:Coelomomycetaceae
539:
528:
517:
506:
495:
487:
473:
462:
451:
434:
426:
418:
352:Physoderma maydis
329:are parasites of
156:
155:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3048:
3006:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2959:
2947:
2946:
2934:
2933:
2921:
2920:
2908:
2907:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2835:
2834:
2579:Anthocerotophyta
2458:Hemimastigophora
2379:
2378:
2350:Nitrososphaerota
2317:
2316:
2293:Thermomicrobiota
2233:Kiritimatiellota
2228:Ignavibacteriota
2193:Deferribacterota
2156:Campylobacterota
2141:Bdellovibrionota
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2034:fungi imperfecti
1881:Pucciniomycotina
1877:
1876:
1828:Geoglossomycetes
1770:Coniocybomycetes
1732:
1731:
1692:Dipodascomycetes
1679:Saccharomycotina
1636:Taphrinomycotina
1632:
1631:
1607:Entorrhizomycota
1603:
1602:
1491:Kickxellomycetes
1453:Neozygitomycetes
1405:
1404:
1361:Chytridiomycetes
1291:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1248:
1247:
1190:
1189:
1163:
1162:
1071:
1051:
1034:classification,
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
997:
974:
973:
971:
969:
960:. Archived from
950:
944:
943:
926:Esser K (2014).
923:
917:
916:
899:Silar P (2016).
896:
890:
889:
869:
860:
857:
851:
848:
842:
839:
818:
815:
796:
793:
787:
786:
784:
769:Fungal Diversity
760:
754:
753:
717:
689:
678:
667:
656:
653:Blastocladiopsis
645:
643:Blastocladiaceae
634:
623:
612:
601:
590:
579:
568:
558:Weissenberg 1912
557:
546:
537:
526:
515:
504:
493:
485:
471:
460:
449:
439:Physodermataceae
432:
424:
416:
365:that parasitize
355:, a parasite of
306:Plant leaf with
298:Ecological roles
294:but not nuclei.
110:T.Y.James (2006)
109:
67:
66:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2842:
2832:
2823:
2801:
2752:Gnathostomulida
2657:Xenacoelomorpha
2623:
2619:Flowering plant
2574:Marchantiophyta
2540:
2506:Chytridiomycota
2492:
2364:
2307:
2263:Planctomycetota
2223:Gemmatimonadota
2208:Elusimicrobiota
2101:Acidobacteriota
2079:
2072:
2042:
2037:
2014:
2010:Tremellomycetes
2000:Wallemiomycetes
1982:Agaricomycotina
1976:
1938:
1934:Pucciniomycetes
1868:
1852:
1848:Sordariomycetes
1809:
1800:Lecanoromycetes
1790:Dothideomycetes
1780:Arthoniomycetes
1751:
1721:
1707:Saccharomycetes
1673:
1669:Taphrinomycetes
1649:Neolectomycetes
1627:
1619:
1588:
1554:
1545:Endogonomycetes
1531:
1513:
1495:
1468:Kickxellomycota
1462:
1439:
1421:
1400:
1388:
1365:
1336:Chytridiomycota
1330:
1307:
1286:
1264:
1252:Aphelidiomycota
1244:Aphelidiomyceta
1231:
1222:Metchnikovellea
1217:Chytridiopsidea
1205:
1196:Morellosporales
1179:
1154:
1153:
1069:
1047:
1038:
1025:
983:
978:
977:
967:
965:
952:
951:
947:
940:
924:
920:
913:
897:
893:
886:
870:
863:
858:
854:
849:
845:
840:
821:
816:
799:
794:
790:
761:
757:
722:Chytridiomycota
718:
711:
706:
588:Sorochytriaceae
569:Debaisieux 1919
534:Blastocladiella
523:Nematoceromyces
405:
300:
288:Chytridiomycota
284:
233:
228:
212:
194:model organisms
171:ultrastructural
167:Chytridiomycota
147:Blastocladiales
135:Physodermatales
108:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2984:
2974:
2961:
2948:
2935:
2922:
2909:
2896:
2883:
2868:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2812:Incertae sedis
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Micrognathozoa
2754:
2749:
2747:Acanthocephala
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Lycopodiophyta
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2403:Ancyromonadida
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2355:Thermoproteota
2352:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
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3036:Fungus phyla
2847:
2818:
2810:
2732:Orthonectida
2727:Gastrotricha
2702:Nematomorpha
2677:Chaetognatha
2667:Hemichordate
2594:Pteridophyta
2510:
2463:Malawimonada
2337:Korarchaeota
2298:Thermotogota
2283:Synergistota
2258:Nitrospirota
2253:Nitrospinota
2198:Deinococcota
2131:Bacteroidota
1894:Mixiomycetes
1843:Sareomycetes
1537:Mucoromycota
1370:
1351:Coenomycetes
1129:Opisthokonta
966:. Retrieved
962:the original
957:
948:
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679:Reinsch 1877
675:Blastocladia
673:
662:
657:Sparrow 1950
651:
635:Karling 1965
629:
618:
598:Sorochytrium
596:
576:Coelomomyces
574:
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178:Blastocladia
177:
158:
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105:
95:
92:Subkingdom:
50:
29:
2939:iNaturalist
2872:Wikispecies
2787:Brachiopoda
2762:Cycliophora
2707:Onychophora
2682:Kinorhyncha
2604:Ginkgophyta
2599:Cycadophyta
2564:Chlorophyta
2554:Glaucophyta
2248:Myxococcota
2166:Chlorobiota
2161:Chlamydiota
1697:Lipomycetes
1628:(sac fungi)
1227:Microsporea
1028:Opisthokont
690:Butler 1911
580:Keilin 1921
554:Callimastix
527:Doweld 2013
468:Urophlyctis
391:water bears
377:angiosperms
362:Urophlyctis
346:Urophlyctis
286:Similar to
182:blastoclads
3020:Categories
2820:Parakaryon
2782:Entoprocta
2717:Arthropoda
2712:Tardigrada
2692:Priapulida
2687:Loricifera
2672:Echinoderm
2642:Ctenophora
2614:Gnetophyta
2569:Charophyta
2559:Rhodophyta
2531:Ascomycota
2526:Zygomycota
2468:Metamonada
2443:Euglenozoa
2428:Ciliophora
2136:Balneolota
2111:Aquificota
2032:See also:
1625:Ascomycota
1398:Zygomycota
1032:True fungi
704:References
613:Couch 1945
602:Dewel 1985
591:Dewel 1985
547:Couch 1962
512:Polycaryum
486:James 2006
457:Physoderma
372:Physoderma
340:Physoderma
335:Coelomyces
318:menyanthis
311:menyanthis
309:Physoderma
263:pheromones
255:gametangia
210:Morphology
174:characters
102:Division:
2737:Dicyemida
2609:Pinophyta
2488:Telonemia
2423:Cryptista
2413:Breviatea
2398:Amoebozoa
2393:Alveolata
2374:Eukaryote
2126:Bacillota
1283:Zoosporic
1260:Aphelidea
1124:Amoebozoa
1102:Alveolata
1090:Cryptista
1065:Eukaryota
730:Mycologia
686:Allomyces
620:Catenaria
387:Catenaria
331:nematodes
327:Catenaria
292:cytoplasm
242:Allomyces
220:Allomyces
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
51:Allomyces
2952:MycoBank
2913:Fungorum
2863:Q1140791
2857:Wikidata
2797:Annelida
2792:Mollusca
2772:Phoronid
2767:Nemertea
2742:Rotifera
2722:Flatworm
2697:Nematoda
2662:Chordate
2652:Cnidaria
2647:Placozoa
2478:Rhizaria
2453:Haptista
2433:Cercozoa
2093:Bacteria
1274:Eumycota
1119:Amorphea
1097:Rhizaria
1085:Hacrobia
1075:Excavata
1060:Bacteria
750:17486963
403:Taxonomy
313:(former
247:rhizoids
72:Domain:
2892:8595239
2777:Bryozoa
2473:Provora
2448:Jakobea
2438:Discoba
2384:Protist
2321:Archaea
2074:Extant
1871:basidia
1598:Dikarya
1134:Animals
1055:Archaea
968:30 June
641:Family
608:Family
586:Family
542:Family
437:Family
412:Phylum
396:Daphnia
367:alfalfa
320:) signs
276:meiosis
271:diploid
259:gametes
251:haploid
117:Classes
2993:989769
2977:NZOR:
2970:451459
2944:151867
2905:1BLASP
2637:Sponge
2629:Animal
1869:(with
1112:Plants
1049:Domain
993:(MeSH)
936:
909:
882:
748:
683:Genus
672:Genus
661:Genus
650:Genus
628:Genus
617:Genus
595:Genus
573:Genus
562:Genus
551:Genus
531:Genus
520:Genus
509:Genus
498:Genus
465:Genus
454:Genus
443:Genus
267:Zygote
121:orders
3000:PPE:
2957:90743
2918:90743
2546:Plant
2498:Fungi
2418:CRuMs
1735:Other
1285:fungi
1139:Fungi
357:maize
163:Fungi
86:Fungi
2965:NCBI
2926:GBIF
2900:EPPO
2584:Moss
2076:life
970:2016
934:ISBN
907:ISBN
880:ISBN
746:PMID
728:)".
343:and
202:and
119:and
2887:EoL
777:doi
738:doi
3022::
2990::
2967::
2954::
2941::
2931:73
2928::
2915::
2902::
2889::
2874::
2859::
1030::
956:.
864:^
822:^
800:^
773:90
771:.
767:.
744:.
734:98
732:.
712:^
399:.
2386:"
2382:"
2346:"
2342:"
2339:"
2335:"
2332:"
2328:"
2189:"
2185:"
2067:e
2060:t
2053:v
1873:)
1567:â
1349:?
1343:?
1146:)
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
972:.
942:.
915:.
888:.
785:.
779::
752:.
740::
196:â
20:)
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