1002:
1041:
1017:
1053:
709:
international trade, since many of the producing countries use significant quantities domestically (e.g., Brazil is a large producer and consumer, needing additional imports). Annual world production of dried annatto seed at the beginning of the 21st century was estimated at 10,000 tons, of which 7,000 tons enter international trade. Peru is the largest exporter of annatto seed, annually about 4,000 tons; Brazil the largest producer, with about 5,000 tons. Kenya exports annually about 1,500 tons annatto seed and extracts and is the second-largest exporter, after Peru. Côte d'Ivoire, Angola, and the
Philippines are also exporters.
1065:
1029:
690:
91:
66:
718:
1948:
42:
682:
708:
are countries in Latin
America (specifically Peru, Brazil and Mexico), which constitute 60% of total world production followed by Africa (27% of total world production) and Asia (12% of total world production). Production statistics are not usually available and would not provide a reliable guide to
700:
grows easily in subtropical to tropical climates, in frost-free regions sheltered from cool winds. It prefers year-round moisture, good drainage, and moderately fertile soil in full sun or partial shade. It can be propagated from seed and cuttings. Cutting-grown plants flower at a younger age than
742:
The annatto pigment has global economic significance, as it is one of the most widely used natural dyes to color food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. It is used commonly in foods because the coloring does not alter the flavor and is not toxic. It is mainly used to dye
637:
is unknown, it is native to northern South
America and the Central American tropics: "it is said to be indigenous by Seemann on the northwest coast of Mexico and Panama, by Triana in New Granada, by Meyer in Dutch Guiana, and by Piso and Claussen in Brazil". Additionally,
565:
is a perennial, tall shrub to small evergreen tree that can reach 6–10 m (20–33 ft) high. It bears clusters of 5 cm (2 in) bright white or pink flowers, resembling single wild roses, that appear at the tips of the branches. The fruits of the
673:, Hawaii and southeastern North America in tropical and subtropical regions through trading exchanges. It became cultivated in tropical regions of Asia, such as India, Sri Lanka, and Java mainly for the dye which the seeds yield.
570:
are globular, ovoid capsules arranged in clusters resembling spiky looking red-brown seed pods covered in soft spines. Each capsule, or pod, contains 30–45 cone-shaped seeds covered in a thin waxy blood-red
578:
The plant is most well known as the source of the red-orange annatto pigment. The pigment is derived from the pericarp (the waxy aril layer that covers the seeds) of the
739:) was planted commercially. The pigment is extracted from the pericarp of the seeds through use of alkaline water, vegetable oil, or organic solvents.
2190:
1001:
969:, who showed evidence of later use. The Aztecs also apparently used the annatto pigment as red ink for manuscript painting in the 16th century.
2268:
2429:
2409:
2394:
846:
condiment packets. On
Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the annatto pigment is also used to make yellow rice and is sometimes added to
1905:
Tropica: color cyclopedia of exotic plants and trees for warm-region horticulture—in cool climate the summer garden or sheltered indoors
1564:
2434:
2317:
1408:"Phytochemistry, biological activities and potential of annatto in natural colorant production for industrial applications – A review"
1254:
1835:
1016:
2138:
1858:
2216:
2151:
1742:
1593:
2247:
1868:
1301:
1040:
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plant was for body, face, and hair paint among various tribes and ancient civilizations either for decorative purposes or as
2454:
2404:
2221:
950:
2424:
2439:
2419:
1927:
1493:
1347:
Vilar, Daniela de Araújo; Vilar, Marina Suênia de Araujo; Moura, Túlio Flávio
Accioly de Lima e; et al. (2014).
428:
1456:
2273:
1052:
2469:
2177:
1064:
1952:
937:
to ward off evil spirits and illnesses. It has been reported to be used by
Brazilian native tribes, the native
2449:
2335:
811:, and other items. The seeds impart a subtle flavor and aroma and a yellow to reddish-orange color to food.
2130:
2104:
2203:
2039:
2034:
2021:
820:
is commonly used in
Spanish, Latin American, and Caribbean cuisine for meats and fish. The Spanish word
550:, and many other names used regionally. The nickname, "lipstick tree", derived from use of the dye as a
2330:
1292:
Levy, Luis W.; Rivadeneira, Diana M. (2000). "Annatto". In Lauro, Gabriel J.; Francis, F. Jack (eds.).
751:. Cosmetic products include lipstick, hair coloring products, nail polish, soaps, lacquers and paints.
530:("red color"), which is also used for the body paint prepared from its seeds. Colloquial names include
2156:
1119:
1028:
2283:
2242:
2464:
2459:
2414:
1695:
2260:
1349:"Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Bixa orellana L.: A Review"
2125:
2002:
1719:
90:
2322:
2065:
1764:
763:
seeds are often mixed with other seeds or spices to form a paste or powder for culinary uses in
2195:
2117:
2099:
1964:
1889:
2234:
1571:
1486:
Flora : The
Gardener's Bible : More than 20,000 garden plants from around the world
476:
207:
2358:
2296:
2073:
1632:
976:
886:
1270:
575:. When fully mature, the pod dries, hardens, and splits open, thereby exposing the seeds.
8:
2444:
1831:
1597:
1506:
Raddatz-Mota, Denise; Pérez-Flores, Laura J.; Carrari, Fernando; et al. (May 2017).
889:
is in the form of a paste. It is used in many national dishes, such as chancho con yuca,
55:
24:
1636:
1096:
2366:
2112:
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20:
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1114:
1008:
990:
The plant is valued for its stem fiber to make rope mats and for the adhesive gum.
966:
851:
836:
seeds and packaged into small, disposable foil packets for easy use. Additionally,
659:
509:
498:
472:
2052:
1676:
2026:
2013:
772:
614:
391:
374:
343:
128:
1201:. Center for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI). 27 September 2018
373:
that cover its seeds. The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in
2304:
1505:
1423:
764:
666:
115:
1523:
787:
to extract their dye and flavor for use in dishes and processed foods such as
2388:
2229:
1987:
1806:
1652:
1531:
1455:Ângela de Almeida Meireles, Maria; Lima Cavalcante de Albuquerque, Carolina.
1374:
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602:
460:
416:
378:
223:
75:
70:
1644:
1668:
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1441:
1392:
480:
431:
of North, Central, and South
America originally used the seeds to make red
2348:
2208:
1457:"Processo otimizado para obtenção de óleo rico em antioxidantes de urucum"
1365:
1194:
987:, where different parts of the plant are thought to be useful as therapy.
2255:
2164:
1996:
962:
904:
598:
1814:
942:
2143:
1660:
1620:
1508:"Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E"
808:
748:
665:
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the annatto dye was distributed to
583:
432:
2169:
2086:
1621:"Biosynthesis of the Food and Cosmetic Plant Pigment Bixin (Annatto)"
890:
882:
744:
670:
622:
618:
551:
410:
386:
1958:
1296:. IFT Basic Symposium Series. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 115.
717:
2343:
1981:
980:
894:
594:
436:
174:
164:
141:
2091:
938:
2182:
2060:
1259:, L.), an old source of food color, meet new needs for safe dye?"
946:
878:
847:
840:, coriander seeds, salt, and garlic powder are included in these
768:
733:
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354:
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1947:
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914:
858:
792:
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651:
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424:
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382:
154:
19:"Achiote" redirects here. For the corregimiento in Panama, see
1563:
Jansen, P. C. M. (2005). Jansen, P. C. M.; Cardon, D. (eds.).
873:
is made from the ground seeds combined with filler seeds like
984:
874:
837:
804:
800:
736:
590:
464:
335:
102:
41:
1793:
Donkin, R. A. (1974). "Bixa
Orellana: "The Eternal Shrub"".
747:, meats, dairy products (cheeses, butter and margarine) and
427:, margarine, ice creams, meats, and condiments. Some of the
1074:
934:
796:
784:
572:
370:
339:
184:
642:
is found in substantial wild and cultivated acreages from
415:. Annatto and its extracts are also used as an industrial
780:
492:
1619:
Bouvier, Florence; Dogbo, Odette; Camara, Bilal (2003).
681:
597:
or orelline (the yellow pigment). Annatto oil contains
419:
to add yellow or orange color to many products such as
1832:"Colorants Used During Mexico's Early Colonial Period"
1405:
1263:
Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society
913:
seeds combined with other spices and is a mainstay in
525:
519:
513:
1346:
1094:
949:and different Amazonian tribes. As a result of the
877:. This powder is similar to and sometimes replaces
854:, it is added to a fish or pork stew called blaff.
1863:. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
1618:
1406:Ul-Islam, S.; Rather, L. J.; Mohammad, F. (2015).
503:
364:
1917:
1907:(3rd ed.). East Rutherford, N.J.: Roehrs Co.
1902:
1120:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61986316A61986320.en
582:fruit. The red-orange annatto dye is rich in the
2386:
868:
862:
1324:. Plants database, US Department of Agriculture
1291:
885:, the most common way achiote is used in their
728:Before synthetic dyes revolutionized industry,
1922:(1st ed.). Sydney, Australia: Ure Smith.
1141:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
357:, a natural orange-red condiment (also called
1568:PROTA 3: Dyes and tannins/Colorants et tanins
1294:Natural Food Colorants Science and Technology
902:
841:
827:
821:
815:
450:
402:
396:
358:
1883:
475:was derived in honor of the Amazon explorer
439:, as well as a spice. For this reason, the
408:
1696:"Achiote: The Spice That Dyes Food Yellow"
909:, or "achiote paste", is made from ground
693:Mature achiote pods, showing the red seeds
662:, it is cultivated in many world regions.
64:
40:
1539:
1431:
1382:
1364:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1118:
353:The plant is best known as the source of
1740:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
732:(which is the only plant to produce the
716:
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1189:
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1173:
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1512:Journal of Food Science and Technology
1252:
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1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
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1149:
497:
350:is grown in many countries worldwide.
23:. For the tuber known as anchote, see
1963:
1962:
1856:
1826:
1824:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1745:(in Spanish). Editorial La Prensa S.A
1690:
1688:
1686:
1213:
2284:c326cf7e-2156-4ee9-a3ed-8ffbc4291d23
1342:
1340:
1338:
2430:Medicinal plants of Central America
2410:Crops originating from the Americas
2395:IUCN Red List least concern species
1838:from the original on March 20, 2008
1743:"El achiote un colorante saludable"
1146:
1106:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
957:was introduced to peoples like the
924:
13:
1821:
1781:
1683:
1594:"Phl exports 'atsuete' to Vietnam"
1399:
779:cuisines. The seeds are heated in
712:
14:
2481:
2435:Medicinal plants of South America
1940:
1335:
983:, the folk medicine practices of
929:One major traditional use of the
704:The main commercial producers of
467:name derives from the aboriginal
1946:
1741:Gonzalez, Martha (30 Sep 2017).
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1000:
754:
502:. It may also be referred to as
89:
2336:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:33335-2
1911:
1896:
1877:
1850:
1757:
1734:
1712:
1612:
1586:
1556:
1499:
1478:
1095:Wheeler, L.; Beech, E. (2019).
826:means "season" or "seasoning".
628:
1886:Cultivated Plants of the World
1448:
1310:
1285:
1134:
1088:
676:
557:
1:
1834:. Stanford University. 1997.
1081:
633:Although the exact origin of
1412:Journal of Advanced Research
1353:The Scientific World Journal
979:. The tree has been used in
504:
365:
7:
2455:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2405:Crops originating from Peru
479:, an early explorer of the
10:
2486:
1918:Macoboy, Stirling (1979).
1903:Graf, Alfred Byrd (1986).
1424:10.1016/j.jare.2015.11.002
993:
451:Etymology and common names
284:Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don
18:
2425:Flora of Southern America
1971:
1722:. Purdue University. 1990
1524:10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7
1269:: 301–309. Archived from
1253:Morton, Julia F. (1960).
1022:Fruit in Hyderabad, India
369:) obtained from the waxy
237:
230:
213:
206:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
2440:Plants described in 1753
2420:Flora of Central America
1466:(in Portuguese). Unicamp
1113:: e.T61986316A61986320.
589:, 80% which consists of
443:is sometimes called the
1860:Indian Medicinal Plants
1720:"New Crops from Brazil"
1645:10.1126/science.1085162
1570:. PROTA. Archived from
850:. Additionally, in the
615:unsaturated fatty acids
526:
520:
514:
493:
471:word "bixa", while the
409:
2470:Trees of South America
1890:New Holland Publishers
903:
869:
863:
842:
828:
822:
816:
725:
694:
686:
593:(the red pigment) and
403:
397:
359:
1884:Ellison, Don (1999).
1857:Khare, C. P. (2007).
1765:"RECIPE: Recado Rojo"
720:
692:
684:
508:, or by its original
499:[aːˈt͡ʃiot͡ɬ]
477:Francisco de Orellana
2450:Puerto Rican cuisine
1955:at Wikimedia Commons
1318:"Plants profile for
977:traditional medicine
941:in Puerto Rico, the
861:, a powder known as
832:is made with ground
491:word for the shrub,
1637:2003Sci...300.2089B
1631:(5628): 2089–2091.
1598:The Philippine Star
1574:on 20 November 2008
1488:. London: Cassell.
1366:10.1155/2014/857292
814:A condiment called
56:Conservation status
25:Coccinia abyssinica
1920:What Tree is That?
1565:"Bixa orellana L."
1484:Lord, Tony (2003)
1273:on 11 October 2018
887:cuisine and dishes
726:
695:
687:
429:indigenous peoples
297:Orellana americana
49:Achiote seed pods
2382:
2381:
2292:Open Tree of Life
1965:Taxon identifiers
1951:Media related to
1870:978-0-387-70638-2
1303:978-0-8247-0421-6
901:condiment called
487:derives from the
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249:Orellana orellana
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1009:Hyderabad, India
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951:Spanish Conquest
925:Traditional uses
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852:French Caribbean
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660:invasive species
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473:specific epithet
463:. The botanical
414:
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330:, also known as
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313:Bixa katangensis
307:
300:(Poir.) Kuntze
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16:Species of plant
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2460:Trees of Belize
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1600:. July 14, 2013
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1322:(lipsticktree)"
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1007:With fruits in
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392:cochinita pibil
344:Central America
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1876:
1869:
1849:
1820:
1801:(1/2): 33–56.
1780:
1756:
1733:
1711:
1682:
1611:
1585:
1555:
1498:
1477:
1447:
1418:(3): 499–514.
1398:
1334:
1309:
1302:
1284:
1255:"Can Annatto (
1212:
1145:
1133:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:Split seed pod
1033:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1006:
999:
995:
992:
926:
923:
765:Latin American
756:
753:
714:
711:
685:Achiote flower
678:
675:
669:, Africa, the
667:Southeast Asia
658:. Although an
630:
627:
607:essential oils
559:
556:
452:
449:
321:
320:
319:
318:
310:
305:Bixa upatensis
302:
294:
289:Bixa acuminata
286:
278:
270:
265:Bixa americana
262:
254:
246:
241:Bixa tinctaria
235:
234:
228:
227:
222:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
194:
190:
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182:
178:
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158:
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119:
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106:
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100:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
21:Achiote, Colón
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2482:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
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2298:
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2285:
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2270:
2266:
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2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
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2188:
2184:
2179:
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2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:Bixa orellana
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2004:
2003:Bixa orellana
1998:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:Bixa orellana
1970:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1953:Bixa orellana
1949:
1945:
1944:
1931:
1929:0-7254-0480-9
1925:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1816:
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1770:
1766:
1760:
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1721:
1715:
1701:
1697:
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1551:
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1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1494:0-304-36435-5
1491:
1487:
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1465:
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1443:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1390:
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1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1323:
1321:
1320:Bixa orellana
1313:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:Bixa orellana
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1200:
1198:
1197:Bixa orellana
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1099:Bixa orellana
1091:
1087:
1076:
1072:
1071:Bixa orellana
1066:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1003:
998:
997:
991:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:Bixa orellana
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Bixa orellana
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:Bixa orellana
922:
920:
916:
912:
911:Bixa orellana
907:
906:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
865:
860:
855:
853:
849:
844:
839:
835:
834:Bixa orellana
830:
824:
818:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Bixa orellana
755:Culinary uses
752:
750:
746:
740:
738:
735:
731:
730:Bixa orellana
724:
723:Bixa orellana
719:
710:
707:
702:
699:
698:Bixa orellana
691:
683:
674:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Bixa orellana
636:
635:Bixa orellana
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:beta-carotene
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
580:Bixa orellana
576:
574:
569:
568:Bixa orellana
564:
563:Bixa orellana
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
522:
516:
511:
506:
500:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:was given by
458:
457:Bixa orellana
448:
446:
445:lipstick tree
442:
441:Bixa orellana
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:food coloring
413:
412:
405:
404:caldo de olla
399:
395:, chicken in
394:
393:
388:
384:
380:
379:South America
376:
372:
367:
361:
356:
351:
349:
348:Bixa orellana
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
327:Bixa orellana
314:
311:
306:
303:
298:
295:
290:
287:
282:
279:
274:
273:Bixa purpurea
271:
266:
263:
258:
255:
252:(L.) Kuntze
250:
247:
242:
239:
238:
236:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
217:Bixa orellana
212:
209:
208:Binomial name
205:
201:
200:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
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150:
147:
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143:
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137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:Tracheophytes
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
71:Least Concern
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1972:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1885:
1879:
1859:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1798:
1794:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1572:the original
1567:
1558:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1485:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1463:
1450:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1356:
1352:
1326:. Retrieved
1319:
1312:
1293:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1266:
1262:
1256:
1203:. Retrieved
1196:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1110:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1070:
989:
972:
971:
954:
930:
928:
910:
856:
833:
813:
760:
758:
741:
729:
727:
722:
705:
703:
697:
696:
664:
639:
634:
632:
629:Distribution
599:tocotrienols
579:
577:
567:
562:
561:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
484:
481:Amazon River
456:
454:
444:
440:
390:
352:
347:
331:
326:
325:
324:
312:
308:Ram.Goyena
304:
296:
288:
281:Bixa odorata
280:
272:
264:
257:Bixa orleana
256:
248:
240:
216:
214:
198:
197:
185:
148:
135:
122:
109:
29:
2256:NatureServe
2165:iNaturalist
1997:Wikispecies
1126:11 December
975:is used in
905:recado rojo
809:cured meats
706:B. orellana
701:seedlings.
677:Cultivation
558:Description
483:. The name
316:Delpierre
129:Angiosperms
2445:Plant dyes
2389:Categories
2305:Plant List
1888:. London:
1774:2019-04-19
1705:2019-04-19
1359:: 857292.
1328:2019-04-19
1277:10 October
1205:10 October
1199:(annatto)"
1082:References
921:cuisines.
870:colorífico
749:condiments
619:flavonoids
584:carotenoid
433:body paint
389:, such as
385:, and the
342:native to
2310:kew-22274
2131:200014319
2105:200014319
1842:24 August
1807:0257-9774
1795:Anthropos
1726:24 August
1653:0036-8075
1604:August 3,
1532:0022-1155
1375:2356-6140
899:Yucatecan
891:nacatamal
883:Nicaragua
745:ice cream
671:Caribbean
623:vitamin C
611:saturated
455:The name
411:nacatamal
387:Caribbean
338:or small
260:Noronha
244:Salisb.
193:Species:
99:Kingdom:
2400:Bixaceae
2344:Tropicos
2261:2.151105
2235:61986316
2196:11163869
1982:Wikidata
1836:Archived
1815:40458510
1669:12829782
1550:28559632
1442:27222755
1393:25050404
981:Ayurveda
967:Mochicas
943:Tsáchila
919:Belizean
895:fritanga
777:Filipino
773:Chamorro
769:Jamaican
595:norbixin
587:pigments
552:cosmetic
540:orellana
505:aploppas
461:Linnaeus
437:lipstick
232:Synonyms
175:Bixaceae
171:Family:
165:Malvales
142:Eudicots
76:IUCN 3.1
35:Achiote
2349:3800005
2243:MoBotPF
2183:33335-2
2144:2874863
2061:Ecocrop
1988:Q147701
1769:LOS DOS
1661:3834418
1633:Bibcode
1625:Science
1541:5430180
1433:4856788
1384:4094728
994:Gallery
947:Ecuador
915:Mexican
879:paprika
864:colorau
848:sofrito
759:Ground
734:pigment
721:Oil of
656:Bolivia
648:Ecuador
548:achiote
544:annatto
494:āchiotl
489:Nahuatl
485:achiote
398:achiote
375:Central
360:achiote
355:annatto
334:, is a
332:achiote
292:Bojer
276:Sweet
268:Poir.
181:Genus:
161:Order:
103:Plantae
74: (
2359:450839
2356:uBio:
2318:PLANTS
2297:287352
2281:NZOR:
2248:277939
2170:127676
2079:584439
2040:484118
2011:APDB:
1926:
1867:
1813:
1805:
1749:27 Aug
1677:560600
1675:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1548:
1538:
1530:
1492:
1440:
1430:
1391:
1381:
1373:
1300:
959:Aztecs
953:, the
939:Taínos
897:. The
893:, and
859:Brazil
805:sauces
793:butter
789:cheese
775:, and
654:, and
652:Brazil
644:Mexico
621:, and
536:roucou
527:urucum
425:cheese
421:butter
407:, and
383:Mexico
155:Rosids
2274:66672
2222:22251
2191:IRMNG
2113:FoAO2
2092:BIXOR
2027:55829
2014:11912
1811:JSTOR
1673:S2CID
1657:JSTOR
1578:5 Oct
1470:2 Jun
1464:Inova
1460:(PDF)
1058:Fruit
985:India
963:Incas
935:omens
881:. In
875:maize
843:sazón
838:cumin
829:Sazón
823:sazón
817:sazón
801:gravy
737:bixin
591:bixin
521:urucu
515:uruku
512:name
469:Taíno
465:genus
371:arils
366:bijol
336:shrub
149:Clade
136:Clade
123:Clade
110:Clade
2331:POWO
2323:BIOR
2269:NCBI
2230:IUCN
2217:ITIS
2209:9242
2178:IPNI
2157:7249
2152:GRIN
2139:GBIF
2087:EPPO
2053:LY5D
2035:BOLD
2022:APNI
1924:ISBN
1865:ISBN
1844:2011
1803:ISSN
1751:2021
1728:2011
1665:PMID
1649:ISSN
1606:2024
1580:2014
1546:PMID
1528:ISSN
1490:ISBN
1472:2015
1438:PMID
1389:PMID
1371:ISSN
1357:2014
1298:ISBN
1279:2018
1207:2018
1128:2022
1111:2019
1075:MHNT
965:and
917:and
797:soup
785:lard
613:and
573:aril
532:bija
510:Tupi
435:and
377:and
340:tree
186:Bixa
2367:WFO
2204:ISC
2126:FoC
2100:FNA
2074:EoL
2066:520
2048:CoL
1641:doi
1629:300
1536:PMC
1520:doi
1428:PMC
1420:doi
1379:PMC
1361:doi
1115:doi
945:of
867:or
857:In
783:or
781:oil
646:to
524:or
363:or
2391::
2369::
2346::
2333::
2320::
2307::
2294::
2271::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2219::
2206::
2193::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2128::
2115::
2102::
2089::
2076::
2063::
2050::
2037::
2024::
1999::
1984::
1823:^
1809:.
1799:69
1797:.
1783:^
1767:.
1698:.
1685:^
1671:.
1663:.
1655:.
1647:.
1639:.
1627:.
1623:.
1596:.
1544:.
1534:.
1526:.
1516:54
1514:.
1510:.
1462:.
1436:.
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1414:.
1410:.
1387:.
1377:.
1369:.
1355:.
1351:.
1337:^
1267:73
1265:.
1261:.
1215:^
1148:^
1109:.
1103:.
1073:–
961:,
807:,
803:,
799:,
795:,
791:,
771:,
767:,
650:,
625:.
617:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
554:.
546:,
542:,
538:,
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423:,
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381:,
346:.
224:L.
151::
138::
125::
112::
1932:.
1892:.
1873:.
1846:.
1817:.
1777:.
1753:.
1730:.
1708:.
1679:.
1643::
1635::
1608:.
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1474:.
1444:.
1422::
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1395:.
1363::
1331:.
1306:.
1281:.
1209:.
1195:"
1143:.
1130:.
1117::
1101:"
1097:"
78:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
