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20:
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45:
This definition describes the chemical process of bioerosion, specifically as it applies to biorelated polymers and applications, rather than the geological concept, as covered in the article text.
561:
332:
492:
297:(see Taylor & Wilson, 2003; Bromley, 2004; Wilson, 2007). Microbioerosion also has a long fossil record and its own radiations (see Glaub & Vogel, 2004; Glaub et al., 2007).
308:
255:
cause a great deal of bioerosion using well developed jaw muscles, tooth armature, and a pharyngeal mill, to grind ingested material into sand-sized particles. Bioerosion of
349:
980:
Wilson, M. A.; Palmer, T. J. (1994). "A carbonate hardground in the Carmel
Formation (Middle Jurassic, SW Utah, USA) and its associated encrusters, borers and nestlers".
1009:
Wilson, M. A.; Palmer, T. J. (2001). "Domiciles, not predatory borings: a simpler explanation of the holes in
Ordovician shells analyzed by Kaplan and Baumiller, 2000".
418:
439:
757:
Glaub, I.; Golubic, S.; Gektidis, M.; Radtke, G.; Vogel, K. (2007). "Microborings and microbial endoliths: geological implications". In Miller III, W (ed.).
370:
37:
623:
Vert, Michel; Doi, Yoshiharu; Hellwich, Karl-Heinz; Hess, Michael; Hodge, Philip; Kubisa, Przemyslaw; Rinaudo, Marguerite; Schué, François (2012).
624:
1237:
845:
1153:"Early large borings from a hardground of Floian-Dapingian age (Early and Middle Ordovician) in northeastern Estonia (Baltica)"
1047:
1106:"Occurrence of giant borings of Osprioneides kampto in the lower Silurian (Sheinwoodian) stromatoporoids of Saaremaa, Estonia"
970:
766:
157:; its mechanisms include biotic boring, drilling, rasping, and scraping. On dry land, bioerosion is typically performed by
555:
Geopetal structure in bivalve boring in coral; bivalve shell visible; Matmor
Formation (Middle Jurassic), southern Israel.
797:
747:
285:(Taylor & Wilson, 2003). Macrobioerosion, which produces borings visible to the naked eye, shows two distinct
1030:
940:
Wilson, M. A. (1986). "Coelobites and spatial refuges in a Lower
Cretaceous cobble-dwelling hardground fauna".
603:
79:
is greater than the rate of penetration of the cleaving chemical reagent, like diffusion of water in the case
101:: In some cases, bioerosion results from a combination of cell-mediated and chemical degradation, actually.
222:, generating extremely fine sediment with diameters of 10 to 100 micrometres. External bioeroders include
742:. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 228. London: Geological Society. pp. 455–481.
632:
567:
Borings in an Upper
Ordovician bryozoan, Bellevue Formation, northern Kentucky; polished cross-section.
110:
1261:
657:
184:
characteristic of tropical islands. The coral is converted to sand by internal bioeroders such as
1241:
286:
961:
Wilson, M. A. (2007). "Macroborings and the evolution of bioerosion". In Miller III, W (ed.).
114:
65:
by cells that adhere to a surface and the molar mass of the bulk does not change, basically.
1191:
1117:
1062:
1018:
989:
900:
860:
824:
697:
293:(the Ordovician Bioerosion Revolution; see Wilson & Palmer, 2006) and the other in the
228:
876:
8:
91:: Erosion with constancy of the bulk molar mass is also observed in the case of in vitro
1195:
1121:
1066:
1022:
993:
904:
889:"The Earliest Giant Osprioneides Borings from the Sandbian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia"
864:
828:
701:
1214:
1179:
1133:
1078:
1034:
923:
888:
836:
713:
649:
540:
343:
borings in an Upper
Ordovician hardground, southern Ohio; see Wilson and Palmer (2006).
872:
1219:
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1038:
966:
949:
928:
803:
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762:
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1125:
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1026:
997:
918:
908:
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832:
789:
785:
738:
Bromley, R. G. (2004). "A stratigraphy of marine bioerosion". In D. McIlroy (ed.).
705:
641:
625:"Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)"
589:
475:
815:
Palmer, T. J. (1982). "Cambrian to
Cretaceous changes in hardground communities".
680:
Bellwood, D. R. (1995). "Direct estimate of bioerosion by two parrotfish species,
1204:
1129:
913:
595:
1180:"Bioerosion of Inorganic Hard Substrates in the Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica)"
592: – Study of interactions between organisms and the development of landforms
507:
1074:
1001:
740:
The application of ichnology to palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis
1250:
953:
807:
645:
583:
158:
281:(Bromley, 1970), with traces of this activity stretching back well into the
1223:
932:
499:
471:
409:
117:
substrates – by living organisms. Marine bioerosion can be caused by
262:
by parrotfish can range from 1017.7±186.3 kg/yr (0.41±0.07 m/yr) for
1169:
1152:
776:
Glaub, I.; Vogel, K. (2004). "The stratigraphic record of microborings".
531:
425:
339:
282:
134:
244:
has been reported in some reefs at annual rates exceeding 20 kg/m.
71:: Chemical degradation can present the characteristics of cell-mediated
709:
578:
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448:
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19:
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479:
430:
401:
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294:
219:
193:
126:
846:"Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities"
515:
429:
borings in a modern wharf piling; the work of bivalves known as "
201:
118:
28:
1048:"Patterns and processes in the Ordovician Bioerosion Revolution"
729:
Portlock as an example". In Crimes, T.P.; Harper, J.C. (eds.).
483:
274:
233:
166:
162:
23:
886:
248:
189:
185:
1177:
1031:
10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0524:DNPBAS>2.0.CO;2
236:. These forces in concert produce a great deal of erosion.
174:
154:
142:
32:) and encrusters on a modern bivalve shell, North Carolina.
396:
Cross-section of a
Jurassic rockground; borings include
364:
hardground, southern Utah; see Wilson and Palmer (1994).
180:
Bioerosion of coral reefs generates the fine and white
733:. Geological Journal Special Issue 3. pp. 49–90.
326:, southeastern Indiana; see Wilson and Palmer (2001).
1150:
1103:
725:
Bromley, R. G (1970). "Borings as trace fossils and
1045:
1008:
979:
843:
622:
266:and 23.6±3.4 kg/yr (9.7 10±1.3 10 m/yr) for
1248:
598: – Displacement of land along the coastline
887:Vinn, O.; Wilson, M. A.; Mõtus, M.-A. (2014).
775:
16:Erosion of hard substrates by living organisms
963:Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects
759:Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects
535:echinoid trace fossil on an oyster from the
455:borings filled with dolomite; southern Ohio.
1213:
1203:
1178:Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A.; Toom, U. (2015).
1168:
965:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 356–367.
922:
912:
761:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 368–381.
688:, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia".
679:
18:
737:
724:
1249:
960:
939:
814:
586: – Scientific study of landforms
1046:Wilson, M. A.; Palmer, T. J. (2006).
844:Taylor, P. D.; Wilson, M. A. (2003).
273:Bioerosion is also well known in the
518:; see Vinn, Wilson and Mõtus (2014).
51:resulting from the action of cells.
247:Fish also erode coral while eating
13:
1097:
837:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1982.tb01696.x
14:
1273:
1231:
412:, England; scale bar = 1 cm.
560:
548:
523:
491:
460:
438:
417:
389:
369:
348:
331:
307:
177:growing into cracks) in nature.
161:or plant-like organisms such as
109:describes the breakdown of hard
1151:Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A. (2010).
1104:Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A. (2010).
165:, and mostly chemical (e.g. by
61:is a general characteristic of
790:10.18261/9781405169851-2004-08
616:
1:
873:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9
609:
604:Marine biogenic calcification
384:, England; see Wilson (1986).
93:abiotic enzymatic degradation
1205:10.1371/journal.pone.0134279
1130:10.1080/10420940.2010.502478
914:10.1371/journal.pone.0099455
7:
572:
470:boring in a recrystallized
10:
1278:
633:Pure and Applied Chemistry
300:
75:when the rate of chemical
1075:10.1080/10420940600850505
1002:10.1080/10420949409386375
289:. One was in the Middle
173:) or mechanical (e.g. by
646:10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04
216:acrothoracican barnacles
287:evolutionary radiations
113:– and less often
1242:The College of Wooster
376:Numerous borings in a
103:
33:
899:(6: e99455): e99455.
853:Earth-Science Reviews
277:record on shells and
42:
22:
778:Fossils & Strata
360:borings in a Middle
319:borings in an Upper
1196:2015PLoSO..1034279V
1157:Carnets de Géologie
1122:2010Ichno..17..166V
1067:2006Ichno..13..109W
1023:2001Palai..16..524W
994:1994Ichno...3...79W
905:2014PLoSO...999455V
865:2003ESRv...62....1T
829:1982Letha..15..309P
702:1995MarBi.121..419B
451:cross-section with
1238:Bioerosion Website
1170:10.4267/2042/35594
710:10.1007/BF00349451
543:, southern Israel.
541:Hamakhtesh Hagadol
532:Gnathichnus pentax
400:(some with boring
270:(Bellwood, 1995).
268:Chlorurus sordidus
196:(microborers) and
145:; it can occur on
83:degradable polymer
81:of hydrolytically
34:
972:978-0-444-52949-7
768:978-0-444-52949-7
468:Gastrochaenolites
398:Gastrochaenolites
357:Gastrochaenolites
242:calcium carbonate
1269:
1262:Biogeomorphology
1227:
1217:
1207:
1174:
1172:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1093:
1091:
1085:. Archived from
1052:
1042:
1005:
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957:
936:
926:
916:
883:
881:
875:. Archived from
850:
840:
811:
772:
753:
734:
727:Entobia cretacea
721:
682:Chlorurus gibbus
672:
671:
669:
668:
662:
656:. Archived from
629:
620:
590:Biogeomorphology
564:
552:
527:
495:
476:Matmor Formation
464:
442:
421:
393:
373:
352:
335:
311:
264:Chlorurus gibbus
123:polychaete worms
111:ocean substrates
85:, for instance.
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1268:
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1190:(7): e0134279.
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1098:Further reading
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1259:
1245:
1244:
1233:
1232:External links
1230:
1229:
1228:
1175:
1163:: CG2010_L04.
1148:
1116:(3): 166–171.
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:on 2008-12-16.
1061:(3): 109–112.
1043:
1017:(5): 524–525.
1006:
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971:
958:
937:
884:
882:on 2009-03-25.
859:(1–2): 1–103.
841:
823:(4): 309–323.
812:
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696:(3): 419–429.
690:Marine Biology
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200:(Clionaidae),
169:secretions on
159:pioneer plants
77:chain scission
63:biodegradation
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663:on 2015-03-19
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1141:. Retrieved
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1087:the original
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1014:
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988:(2): 79–87.
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665:. Retrieved
658:the original
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500:Osprioneides
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410:Mendip Hills
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27:
948:: 691–703.
784:: 126–135.
686:C. sordidus
426:Teredolites
340:Petroxestes
283:Precambrian
279:hardgrounds
240:erosion of
224:sea urchins
212:sipunculans
204:(including
151:coral reefs
135:crustaceans
115:terrestrial
49:degradation
1251:Categories
1143:2014-06-10
667:2013-07-27
610:References
579:Biopitting
537:Cenomanian
453:Trypanites
449:hardground
446:Ordovician
406:Trypanites
378:Cretaceous
324:hardground
321:Ordovician
316:Trypanites
291:Ordovician
257:coral reef
253:Parrotfish
238:Sea urchin
207:Lithophaga
182:coral sand
147:coastlines
107:Bioerosion
40:definition
1138:128990588
1083:128831144
1039:130036115
954:0031-0239
808:0300-9491
431:shipworms
382:Faringdon
260:aragonite
226:(such as
220:phoronids
171:limestone
153:, and on
139:echinoids
127:phoronids
26:borings (
1224:26218582
1184:PLOS ONE
933:24901511
893:PLOS ONE
718:85045930
654:98107080
573:See also
512:Saaremaa
505:Silurian
480:Jurassic
478:(Middle
402:bivalves
380:cobble,
362:Jurassic
295:Jurassic
202:bivalves
194:bacteria
119:mollusks
47:Surface
1257:Erosion
1215:4517899
1192:Bibcode
1118:Bibcode
1063:Bibcode
1019:Bibcode
1011:PALAIOS
990:Bibcode
924:4047083
901:Bibcode
861:Bibcode
825:Bibcode
817:Lethaia
698:Bibcode
516:Estonia
474:coral,
301:Gallery
234:chitons
229:Diadema
198:sponges
131:sponges
73:erosion
59:Erosion
29:Entobia
1222:
1212:
1136:
1110:Ichnos
1081:
1055:Ichnos
1037:
982:Ichnos
969:
952:
931:
921:
806:
796:
765:
746:
716:
652:
484:Israel
275:fossil
232:) and
167:acidic
163:lichen
141:, and
99:Note 4
89:Note 3
69:Note 2
55:Note 1
24:Sponge
1134:S2CID
1090:(PDF)
1079:S2CID
1051:(PDF)
1035:S2CID
880:(PDF)
849:(PDF)
714:S2CID
661:(PDF)
650:S2CID
628:(PDF)
510:from
249:algae
190:fungi
186:algae
175:roots
155:ships
149:, on
38:IUPAC
1220:PMID
1161:2010
967:ISBN
950:ISSN
929:PMID
804:ISSN
794:ISBN
763:ISBN
744:ISBN
684:and
218:and
143:fish
1240:at
1210:PMC
1200:doi
1165:doi
1126:doi
1071:doi
1027:doi
998:doi
919:PMC
909:doi
869:doi
833:doi
786:doi
706:doi
694:121
642:doi
539:of
210:),
1253::
1218:.
1208:.
1198:.
1188:10
1186:.
1182:.
1159:.
1155:.
1132:.
1124:.
1114:17
1112:.
1108:.
1077:.
1069:.
1059:13
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1025:.
1015:16
1013:.
996:.
984:.
946:29
944:.
927:.
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907:.
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891:.
867:.
857:62
855:.
851:.
831:.
821:15
819:.
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792:.
782:51
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712:.
704:.
692:.
648:.
638:84
636:.
630:.
514:,
433:".
408:;
251:.
192:,
188:,
137:,
133:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
95:.
57::
1226:.
1202::
1194::
1173:.
1167::
1146:.
1128::
1120::
1073::
1065::
1041:.
1029::
1021::
1004:.
1000::
992::
986:3
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956:.
935:.
911::
903::
897:9
871::
863::
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788::
771:.
752:.
720:.
708::
700::
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644::
486:.
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