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Though skin in the area should be clean, use of an alcohol swab is optional and if used the skin must be allowed to fully dry to avoid deactivation of the live virus vaccine. The punctures should remain in an area approximately 5 mm in diameter. The needle is then disposed of. When done correctly a trace of blood appears at the vaccination site within 10 to 20 seconds after the procedure.
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between its prongs. Up to one hundred vaccinations can be given from one vial of the reconstituted vaccine. The established technique for smallpox vaccination is to dip the needle in the vaccine, and then perpendicularly puncture a person's upper arm fifteen times rapidly in a small circular area.
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is a narrow steel rod, approximately 5 cm (2 in) long with two prongs at one end. It was designed to hold one dose of reconstituted freeze-dried
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Rubin, Benjamin (1980). "A note on the development of the bifurcated needle for smallpox vaccination".
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The bifurcated needle was created as a more efficient and cost effective alternative to the
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dips a bifurcated vaccination needle into an open vial of smallpox vaccine.
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Type of steel rod used to administer smallpox vaccine
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178:Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox
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