771:, the long-established centers for educating Bemba boys and girls, respectively, lost their power to Western schools that promised successful learners the social status next to that of the "white" colonisers. Bemba cultural practices and ideals were harshly judged by both colonisers and Christian missionaries. Consequently, abaBemba asked: "who are we" in Northern Rhodesia? What is "our place" in this new amalgam? How do we "fit in"? Taking advantage of the written text, questions of "who we are, where we are" and "how we fit in" found expression in Bemba literature – particularly the over twenty documented Bemba factual novels ...
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748:... are obsessed with problems of status and constantly on the look-out for their dignity, as is perhaps natural in a society in which so much depends on rank. All their human relations are dominated by rules of respect to age and position… Probably this universal acceptance of the rights of rank makes the Bemba appear so submissive and almost servile to the European… Arrogant towards other tribes, and touchy towards their fellows, they seem to endure in silence any treatment from a chief (sic, should read "monarch") or a European.
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brothers, sons, and nephews. Nkula and Mwamba are the senior brothers of the
Chitimukulu, and are usually heirs to the Chitimukulu throne; Nkole Mfumu and Mpepo are the younger brothers of the Chitimukulu. Nkole Mfumu usually comes to the Mwamba throne, and Mpepo usually comes to the Nkole Mfumu throne. Occasionally, Mpepo and Nkole Mfumu have ascended to the Chitimukulu throne.
640:
Chitimukulu
Kanyanta-manga II, is the 38th on the Chitimukulu throne. He ascended to the throne in August 2013, and was crowned on 31 July 2015. Chitimukulu Kanyanta-manga II wrote a 2016 article, "The Illusive Role of the Chitimukulu", reflecting on the institution he had assumed and setting out the leadership roles he sought to assume.
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which his son, Nondo-mpya, would reign as Makasa I; Mwamba
Kashampupo created a vassal Kalundu kingdom over which his son would rule as Munkonge I (Tanguy, 1948). Bemba kings continued the conquests, with Chileshe Chepela (1810-1860) and Mutale Chitapankwa (1866-1887) bringing nearby tribes under their rule.
490:
Shortly after the 1543 death of Mwene Kongo VIII Mvemba, a Nzinga (Alfonso
Mubemba), the Bemba rebelled against the Kongo Kingdom. The kingdom was becoming dominated by the Portuguese, primarily through Christian conversion, slavery, trade, and European education. The rebels broke away from the Kongo
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north to a region which would be called Mpanda. Chitimukulu
Chilyamafwa’s young brother, Mubanga Kashampupo, who had ascended to the Mwamba throne as Mwine Tuna Mwamba II, continued pushing the Lungu west and south to the Kalundu region. Chitimukulu Chilyamafwa created a vassal Mpanda kingdom over
482:
influenced the internal politics of the Kongo
Kingdom; Mwene Kongo VII Nzinga a Nkuwu was baptized in 1491 as João I (John I), the name of a Portuguese king. Mwene Kongo Nzinga died in 1506 and was succeeded by his son, Mvemba a Nzinga (Mvemba son of Nzinga). Mwene Kongo VIII Mvemba (also known as
753:
To my mind, their most attractive characteristics are quick sympathy and adaptability in human relationships, an elaborate courtesy and sense of etiquette, and great polish of speech. A day spent at the
Paramount's (sic, should read "King") court is apt to make a European observer's manners seem
635:
Despite colonial rule and later independence, many Bemba political institutions remain similar to their old forms. The
Chitimukulu is the Mwine Lubemba (owner of the Bemba kingdom) and paramount chief; UluBemba is divided into semi-autonomous chieftainships under the reign of the Chitimukulu's
762:
With the introduction of the
English polity in the (Northern Rhodesia) colony, the long-established Bemba civilization and its intrinsic psychological realities were disrupted. For many abaBemba, the arbitrary amalgamation of 70-plus ethnic groups meant 1) a new identity, incomprehensible and
639:
Since the establishment of the protectorate in the early 20th century, during the reign of Mutale
Chikwanda (1911-1916), the Chitimukulu throne is now more cultural and ceremonial than executive and administrative. However, this has not removed the chief's political importance. Chitimukulu,
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area. When he forced the Lungu to move west and settle on the western side of the Luombe River, the Bemba Kingdom had become too large to manage from UluBemba. Chitimukulu Mukuka wa Malekano gave the newly-acquired Ituna area to his young brother, Chitundu, and the Mwamba Kingdom was a
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The Bemba were said to have been ruled by a single chief or king (Roberts, 1970, 1973; Tanguy, 1948). During the reign of the 22nd Chitimukulu at the end of the 18th century, they became more expansionist; Chitimukulu Mukuka wa Malekano began pushing the
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led to another eastward movement of the Bemba. The rebels were led by two of Luba King Mukulumpe’s sons: Nkole and Chiti. The mother of Nkole and Chiti was Mumbi Lyulu Mukasa of the Bena-Ng'andu clan, which has become the royal Bemba clan. A crocodile
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reportedly compelled the Bemba to settle (Mushindo, 1977; Tanguy, 1948; Tweedie, 1966). This settlement, Ng'wena, became the first capital of the Bemba Kingdom. The 19th-century Bemba-Ngoni wars were fought in the region around Ng'wena.
620:. The Bemba were subdivided into over fifteen chieftainships under Chitimukulu’s brothers, sons, and nephews. Richards (1939) writes that the political influence of the Chitimukulu covered much of the area marked by four
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groundless; 2) fears of loss of what they had known (politically, socially and economically) about managing their lives; and, 3) new centers of power (political, social, and cultural) that they had to learn to navigate.
519:) at the palace of the Chitimukulu are four Christian statues obtained 600 years ago from early Catholic missionaries in the Kongo Kingdom. Mwene Kongo VIII Mvemba a Mzinga (Alfonso Mubemba) is regarded as the Bemba
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European exploration in the region, inferences from mentions of Bemba individuals, associations with historical writings on other Central African kingdoms, and Bemba-focussed historiography of the past century.
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have the same folklore and similar traditions, including the way traditional huts were built. Bemba vocabulary includes deserts and camels, about which they would not have known if they were from Angola.
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Much of known Bemba history, particularly their early history, is a synthesis of several sources. It includes Bemba oral traditions, historical texts on early imperial and colonial ventures and post-
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344:. The Bemba are one of the larger ethnic groups in Zambia, and their history illustrates the development of chieftainship in a large and culturally-homogeneous region of
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Some account of the trade in slaves from Africa as connected with Europe and America: From the introduction of the trade into modern Europe, down to the present time.
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By the time the first European presence began to make itself known in Zambia at the end of the 1800s, the Bemba had pushed out many earlier immigrants (including the
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their main crops. Many Bemba also raise goats, sheep, and other livestock. Some Bemba are also employed in the mining industry. Traditional Bemba society is
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Around 1484, Diego Cam crossed the Congo River on the Atlantic Central African coast. He explored the river and came into contact with the Bantu
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A distinction exists between Bemba-speaking peoples and ethnic Bemba. There are 18 Bemba clans. These clans stopped the northward march of the
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Living in villages of 100 to 200 people, they numbered 250,000 in 1963. The ethnicities known today as the Bemba have a ruling clan known as
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from Kola. Several other ethnic groups in the northern and Luapula regions of Zambia speak languages which are similar to
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tribes than the other tribes of Zambia. The reported Bemba arrival from Kola was misinterpreted by the Europeans to mean
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382:. Oral Bemba folklore says that the Bemba originated from Mumbi Mukasa, a long-eared woman who fell from heaven. The
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Posner, Daniel N. (2003). "The Colonial Origins of Ethnic Cleavages: The Case of Linguistic Divisions in Zambia".
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408:. Their documented history begins with the 1484-1485 Portuguese expedition led by Diego Cam (also known as
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Mwine Lubemba Chitimukulu Kanyanta-manga II, ruler of the Bemba people, who ascended to the throne in 2013
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For Tanguy (1948), the year of death of Mwene Kongo VII Mzinga was 1507; for Gondola (2002), it was 1506.
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Under the 23rd Chitimukulu Chilyamafwa AbaBemba, expansion continued until 1808. Chitimukulu pushed the
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of the Bemba Kingdom (Mushindo, 1977; Tanguy, 1948). Chitundu became Mwine Tuna, Mwamba I.
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The illusive role of the Chitimukulu as the chief executive of the Bemba people and tribe
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A history of the Bemba: Political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900.
325:; they arrived there during the 1930s due to employment opportunities in copper mining.
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Land, labour, and diet in Northern Rhodesia: An economic study of the Bemba tribe.
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Kingdom, migrated eastward from their settlements in Kola, and became part of the
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The Kazembe kingdom at its zenith, during the first half of the 19th century
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1021:. The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations. London: Greenwood Press.
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and received a Portuguese regal name as his baptismal name: Alfonso I.
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624:(Mweru, Bangweulu, Tanganyika, and Nyasa) and extended south into the
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321:, but have different origins. The Bemba people are not indigenous to
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in Zambia and Malawi. In Zambia, Bemba is primarily spoken in the
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538:, Chulung’oma, and then at Kashi-ka-Lwena. They then crossed the
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African Elders & Labrecque, 1949; Gondola, 2002; Reid, 2012.
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Bandinel, 1842; Richards, 1939; Roberts, 1970; Tweedie, 1966.
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Mushindo, 1977; Roberts, 1970; Roberts, 1973; Tanguy, 1948).
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AbaBemba (the Bemba people) of Zambia in Central Africa are
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from 1509 to 1543. The traditional ruler of ethnic Bemba is
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Roberts, A. (1970). Chronology of the Bemba (N.E. Zambia).
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1043:. Lusaka: Neczam for the Institute for African Studies.
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313:. The Bemba entered Zambia before 1740 by crossing the
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The Bemba migrated from the Luba Kingdom, crossed the
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Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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A Short History of the Bemba (as Narrated by a Bemba)
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1062:(2nd ed.). West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
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at Safwa Rapids and settled at Chitabata, Chibambo,
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Richards (1939, pp. 29–30) says that the Bemba
604:. They extended to varying degrees as far north as
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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495:in the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo.
352:originally meant a great expanse, like the sea.
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498:A 17th-century anti-Portuguese rebellion in the
1059:A history of modern Africa: 1800 to the present
1025:Mukuka, R. (2013). Ubuntu in S. M. Kapwepwe’s
435:, which covered large portions of present-day
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1120:History of Bena-Ng’oma (Ba Chungu wa Mukulu)
758:Mukuka (2013, pp. 139–140), writes that
754:crude and boorish by contrast (pp. 139-140).
680:in Zambia and the DRC, Luba in the DRC, and
483:Muhemba, Mbemba, or Mubemba) also underwent
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1118:African Elders & Labrecque, E. (1949).
669:(Ichibemba) is most closely related to the
612:, eastwards to the Muchinga Escarpment and
374:Bemba history is more aligned with that of
371:through Chief Chileshe Chitapankwa Muluba.
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858:Bandinel, 1842; Gondola, 2002; Reid, 2012.
700:. It is not an indigenous language in the
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471:; Mwene Kongo Nzinga was a son of Nkuwu.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1106:]. London: Oxford University Press.
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1029:: Insights for Afrocentric psychology.
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412:), when Europeans first contacted the
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166:Regions with significant populations
54:adding citations to reliable sources
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661:A Bemba speaker, recorded in Zambia
530:, and settled at Isandulula (below
332:. This clan traces its ancestry to
13:
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1122:. London, Macmillan & Co. Ltd.
979:Human: The Definitive Visual Guide
600:, Bisa, Lungu, and Mambwe) to the
447:. The ruling monarch of Kongo was
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1013:London: Longman, Brown, & Co.
474:Primarily through the efforts of
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1080:London: Oxford University Press.
395:History (15th to 21st centuries)
192:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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41:needs additional citations for
1085:Journal of African History, 11
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608:, south-west to the swamps of
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16:Ethnic group in Central Africa
1:
977:Winston, Robert, ed. (2004).
840:Mushindo, 1977; Tanguy, 1948.
815:"Bemba | Joshua Project"
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224:traditional African religions
1031:Journal of Black Studies, 44
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511:in old Bemba) is the clan's
451:. The monarchical title was
441:Democratic Republic of Congo
7:
1037:Mushindo, P. M. B. (1977).
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289:belong to a large group of
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515:. In the royal archives (
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1076:Richards, A. I. (1939).
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630:Central Province, Zambia
150:Flag of the Bemba people
19:Not to be confused with
1696:Ethnic groups in Zambia
1090:Roberts, A. D. (1973).
964:published 20 May 2016.
563:out of the present-day
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1009:Bandinel, J. (1842).
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716:agriculturists, with
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476:Catholic missionaries
230:Related ethnic groups
1134:Comparative Politics
1019:The History of Congo
1017:Gondola, D. (2002).
698:Copperbelt Provinces
416:at the mouth of the
50:improve this article
1167:Languages Of Zambia
1100:Imilandu ya Babemba
1098:Tanguy, F. (1948).
1027:Shalapo Canicandala
622:African Great Lakes
323:Copperbelt Province
293:, primarily in the
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983:Dorling Kindersley
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602:Tanganyika plateau
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534:), at Keleka near
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1069:978-0-470-65898-7
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507:in modern Bemba;
485:Christian baptism
445:Congo-Brazzaville
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1873:Bantu peoples
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1159:Zambia portal
1149:
1140:(2): 127–146.
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1104:Bemba history
1101:
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1087:(2), 221-240.
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945:Mushindo 1977
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590:Mambwe people
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552:Milando River
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528:Luapula River
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433:Kongo Kingdom
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330:Abena Ng'andu
326:
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315:Luapula River
312:
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291:Bantu peoples
288:
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106:November 2023
98:
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77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1706:
1263:
1254:Banyamulenge
1137:
1133:
1119:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1058:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1004:Bibliography
981:. New York:
978:
962:Lusaka Times
961:
952:
940:
928:
904:Gondola 2002
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
824:. Retrieved
818:
809:
789:
768:
764:
761:
757:
752:
747:
743:
711:
664:
638:
634:
626:Lala country
595:
587:
561:Lungu people
557:
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516:
508:
504:
497:
493:Luba Kingdom
489:
473:
464:
460:
456:
452:
430:
422:
403:
376:East African
373:
369:Ngoni people
354:
349:
329:
327:
286:
284:
220:Christianity
128:Ethnic group
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
21:Bembe people
1767:Lukanga Twa
1244:Bakwa Dishi
921:Tanguy 1948
726:matrilineal
523:-ancestor.
457:Mwene Kongo
418:Congo River
400:Before 1808
367:-descended
348:. The word
342:Chitimukulu
1862:Categories
1314:Garanganze
1211:Indigenous
776:References
712:Bemba are
702:Copperbelt
618:Lake Mweru
576:After 1808
532:Lake Mweru
469:patronymic
453:Mani Kongo
238:and other
76:newspapers
1732:Kafwe Twa
1642:Europeans
1476:Mongo Twa
1112:504454798
933:Reid 2012
826:5 January
801:Citations
769:ifibwanse
674:Kiswahili
410:Diogo Cão
279:Kulubemba
270:IchiBemba
202:Languages
161:4,100,000
1832:Tokaleya
1797:Ndwandwe
1446:Mangbetu
1344:Iyaelima
1334:Holoholo
704:region.
690:Northern
644:Language
509:ing'andu
505:ing'wena
480:Portugal
303:Muchinga
295:Northern
266:Language
253:UmuBemba
214:Religion
179:Northern
138:AbaBemba
1842:Tumbuka
1637:Chinese
1571:Turumbu
1531:Songora
1511:Ngbandi
1416:Lugbara
1309:Furiiru
1299:Dengese
1259:Barambu
1234:Avukaya
1049:5942417
708:Culture
694:Luapula
517:babenye
467:, is a
299:Luapula
276:Country
183:Luapula
90:scholar
1827:Subiya
1812:Nsenga
1792:Mwanga
1787:Mbunda
1782:Mambwe
1757:Lovale
1752:Lambya
1722:Chokwe
1654:Jewish
1601:Yakoma
1586:Wochua
1566:Tumbwe
1561:Topoke
1556:Tetela
1536:Songye
1516:Nyanga
1501:Ngando
1461:Mbunda
1436:Mayogo
1431:Makere
1364:Keliko
1294:Chokwe
1224:Nyindu
1110:
1066:
1047:
989:
765:Insaka
718:manioc
696:, and
682:Nsenga
678:Kaonde
565:Kasama
544:Ipunga
443:, and
437:Angola
406:Bantus
384:Kikuyu
380:Angola
365:Tswana
311:Zambia
258:People
250:Person
188:Tshopo
175:Zambia
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1868:Bemba
1847:Yombe
1837:Tonga
1822:Senga
1817:Nyiha
1807:Nkoya
1802:Ngoni
1777:Lungu
1772:Lunda
1747:Lamba
1742:Kunda
1717:Chewa
1712:Bwile
1707:Bemba
1647:Greek
1621:Zyoba
1616:Zande
1606:Yombe
1596:Yanzi
1576:Tutsi
1546:Tagbu
1526:Sanga
1521:Pende
1506:Ngata
1496:Ndaka
1491:Mpama
1471:Mongo
1466:Mbuti
1456:Mbole
1441:Mbaka
1426:Lungu
1421:Lunda
1409:Lulua
1404:Hemba
1389:Lendu
1374:Konjo
1369:Kongo
1354:Kango
1349:Kakwa
1319:Gbaya
1289:Bwile
1284:Bunda
1269:Bembe
1264:Bemba
1249:Banda
1102:[
781:Notes
686:Chewa
598:Tabwa
548:Mungu
513:totem
461:Nkuwu
388:Kenya
361:Sotho
357:Nguni
350:Bemba
319:Bemba
287:Bemba
236:Lungu
132:Bemba
97:JSTOR
83:books
1762:Lozi
1611:Yulu
1591:Yaka
1581:Vira
1551:Teke
1541:Suku
1486:Moru
1481:Mono
1399:Luba
1394:Logo
1384:Lele
1379:Lega
1359:Kele
1339:Hutu
1329:Hema
1279:Budu
1239:Baka
1229:Amba
1219:Alur
1108:OCLC
1064:ISBN
1045:OCLC
987:ISBN
828:2020
767:and
720:and
684:and
665:The
359:and
285:The
181:and
69:news
1451:Mbo
1304:Efé
1274:Boa
960:,"
455:or
386:of
309:of
52:by
1864::
1138:35
1136:.
969:^
911:^
817:.
692:,
632:.
546:,
521:ur
478:,
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420:.
301:,
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222:,
1688:e
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1195:e
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956:"
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503:(
465:a
363:-
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190:(
177:(
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113:(
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104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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