911:
31:
839:
Tervueren varieties have a reputation for occasionally being snappy, making them less suitable as companion dogs for children; the
Laekenois, whilst considered very good with children, can occasionally be troublesome with other dogs. The Belgian Shepherd responds well to training and responds very well to firm and understanding training; they require training from an early age, particularly the Laekenois which can have a tendency to try to dominate a weaker-willed master. The breed is very active, particularly the Malinois which may reflect its continued breeding for security roles, and they all require exercise; the breed adapts well to living indoors, although the Malinois is least suited to these environments.
791:
the legs, they have an abundant mane on their neck and chest, particularly long hair on the rear of their thighs and a bushy tail that forms a plume. Short-haired dogs have particularly short hair on the faces, ears and lower portion of their legs, short over the rest of the body and slightly longer on the neck and tail. Rough-haired dogs have a coat that is rough, dry and approximately 6 cm (2.4 in) long over the body, they have shorter hair on the top of the muzzle and legs and, unlike the other coat types, they have long hair on the face and muzzle.
696:"Piccard D'Uccle" who belonged to a shepherd called Mr Beernaert. These two are considered the foundation stock of the variety. Their finest progeny were called "Duc de Groenendael" and "Barroness" who were mated widely to Belgian Shepherds of different appearances with the black progeny retained. Initially Rose had wanted to name the variety the "Rose", but it was deemed this could cause confusion given their black colour so they were instead named after his château, Groenendael. During the First World War, Groenendaels were used by the
2338:
667:, and for centuries was used by Belgian shepherds for this task. Unlike in other European countries where, throughout the nineteenth century, shepherd breeds were standardised and breeders made efforts to perpetuate their breeds, by the end of the century the Belgian Shepherd was becoming obsolete and was at danger of extinction. In 1891, the Club de Chien Berger Belge was formed with the purpose of saving the type and a team led by Professor Adolphe Reul of the
208:
297:
384:
471:
778:
the withers should have a head 25 cm (9.8 in) long and a muzzle approximately half that length. The body is muscular but not overly heavy; body length from shoulder to haunches is approximately the same as the height at the withers, proportionally slightly longer in bitches; the topline is straight and the belly neither low-slung nor overly high like that of a
782:. The chest is deep but not overly broad; the neck is muscular, widening at the shoulders with a slight arch at the nape; the tail is strong and of medium length, and curves upwards slightly at the level of the knee. The forelegs are straight and well-boned, the hind legs muscular and powerful; the legs are not overly heavy.
777:
states the ideal height is 62 cm (24 in) for dogs and 58 cm (23 in) for bitches. The breed has a long, slender head with triangular, erect ears that are rounded at the base, and a long, narrow but balanced muzzle. According to the breed standard a dog that stands 62 centimetres at
790:
The four varieties vary principally in their coat types and colours. The breed standard describes three coat varieties; long-haired, short-haired and rough-haired. Long-haired dogs have a long, smooth coat with short hair on their faces, ears and legs although there is long feathering on the rear of
735:
The
Tervuren variety is believed to have been created when a brewer, M. Corbeel, bred his fawn long-haired Belgian Shepherd pair "Tom" and "Poes", one of their progeny was a long-haired fawn bitch named "Miss" who was purchased by a M. Deanhieux. Miss was bred with Duc de Groenendael, the foundation
808:
The
Laekenois variety is rough-haired, its coat is fawn in colour with discreet black overlay and is harsh, dry and normally slightly tangled in appearance; it has a bristled, feathered muzzle and limited feathering on the legs and tail. According to the breed standard, black overlay means the tips
704:
The
Malinois variety was said to be the first variety to breed true to type and initially they became so well-known in Belgium that at one time the other varieties were collectively called "other-than-Malinois", it was the Malinois that the other varieties were gauged against. The variety takes its
882:
In recent times, the
Laekenois has been employed by the Belgian Army in a variety of roles (in addition to the longstanding use of the Malinois), and the Tervuren is frequently used by government organisations as a drug detection dog. The Malinois in particular has become increasingly popular with
763:
recognises the four varieties as separate breeds, leading to some difficulties for
American breeders who breed from imported European stock: European Groenendaels in particular can whelp Tervuren-coloured pups; in most of the world these can be registered as Tervurens, whereas in the United States
695:
The
Groenendael variety is believed to have been created in 1885 by Nicholas Rose, owner of the Château de Groenendael. Rose owned a long-haired, black Belgian Shepherd bitch called "Petite", liking her look so much he spent over a year searching for a suitable mate, eventually finding a dog named
671:
conducted a field survey of the type. As the
Belgian Shepherd had for centuries been bred for working ability with little consideration given to form, Professor Reul found the type to vary greatly in appearance. As a part of their work, Professor Reul's team assembled 117 specimens and began the
772:
The
Belgian Shepherd is a medium-sized athletic breed with a body built for endurance. Dogs typically stand between 56 and 66 cm (22 and 26 in), with bitches being on average 4 cm (2 in) shorter than dogs. They usually weigh between 20 and 30 kg (45 and 65 lb); the
838:
Belgian
Shepherds are known to be highly intelligent, alert and sensitive; they are typically highly trainable, vigilant and hard-working with a strong guarding instinct making them protective of property and family, and very well suited for service with security services. The Groenendael and
691:
once again threatened the viability of the breed and in late 1945, it was decided once again that matings between dogs of the different varieties was to be encouraged, and through careful breeding the Belgian Shepherd recovered in numbers. In 1956 the current breed standard was adopted and it
700:
to locate wounded soldiers and carry messages. Their bravery was recognised by U.S. soldiers during the war and examples were imported to the U.S. in the following years; to this day in the US the name Belgian Shepherd or Belgian Sheepdog is commonly used to refer to the Groenendael.
724:, who frequently watched them in the service of the shepherds who grazed the royal domains around the château; this patronage contributed to their popularity at the time. In addition to being used as herding dogs, rough-haired Belgian Shepherds were traditionally used as
643:. It has a long history of being used by Belgian police as well as military forces, serving for Belgian armed forces in both World Wars, as well as US Army since then. In the twenty-first century it is in use by a number of armed forces worldwide in a variety of roles.
829:
The Tervuren variety is long-haired like the Groenendael; its double coat is typically fawn in colour with black overlay and with black extremities, although grey with black is known. It has a ruff of long hair around the neck and feathering on the legs.
799:
The Groenendael variety is long-haired, it has a solid black double coat, the outer coat is straight and particularly long around the shoulders, neck and chest; they have short hair on the face, and well feathered legs and tail.
672:
process of standardising them into distinct varieties. Classifying them as a single breed, initially Professor Reul's team divided the breed into six different varieties based on coat type and colour; between 1892 when the first
910:
1474:
687:
resulted in a decline in breed numbers, so in 1920 it was decided matings between the varieties should be allowed in order to preserve the breed and avoid issues resulting from inbreeding. The
740:. The Tervuren variety is considered particularly robust and healthy and in Europe a number of breeders use them to reinforce the bloodlines of other varieties, particularly the Groenendael.
2231:
943:. A genetic polymorphism in the dopamine transporter gene has been linked to Rage syndrome, and dogs at risk of passing the genotype on to offspring can be identified through
1589:
743:
The Groenendael remains the most numerous variety, followed by the Tervuren. The number of Malinois is growing, while the Laekenois remains comparatively rare.
668:
1792:
1736:
1706:
1494:
1040:
Meadow, the first K9 to work full time at a high school or college in the state of New Jersey to prevent school shootings. K9 Meadow is named in honor of
923:
A UK study for a life expectancy of 12 years for the Malinois and 13.8 years for the Tervuren compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
2083:
2030:
1517:
2192:
2166:
1875:
Lit, Lisa; Belanger, Janelle M; Boehm, Debby; Lybarger, Nathan; Haverbeke, Anouck; Diederich, Claire; Oberbauer, Anita M (30 May 2013).
2797:
1406:
756:
164:
1616:
1641:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
676:
was drafted and 1956, as few as two varieties and as many as eight were recognised by either the Club de Chien Berger Belge or the
30:
2005:
683:
In 1905 it was decided that interbreeding between the different varieties should be forbidden, but the disruptions caused by the
2396:
2267:
821:
The Malinois variety is short-haired, it is fawn in colour with black overlay, with a charcoal-coloured face and extremities.
588:
The breed descends from a common type of shepherd dog found throughout Western Europe that includes such modern breeds as the
1543:
1457:
1367:
1339:
1228:
1185:
1121:
1024:
519:
432:
345:
258:
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1045:
847:
The Belgian Shepherd, particularly in the Groenendael, Laekenois and Tervuren varieties, is predominantly kept as a pet or
1939:"Differences in Behavior and Activity Associated with a Poly(A) Expansion in the Dopamine Transporter in Belgian Malinois"
1002:
2114:
736:
sire of the Groenendael variety, and the fawn progeny became the Tervuren variety who take their name from the region of
2436:
2236:
677:
253:
1800:
1766:
1744:
1714:
1571:
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of medium size. It is bred in four distinct varieties based on coat type and colour: the long-haired black
1037:
Malinois awarded the Dickin Medal after completing a mission whilst injured during the War in Afghanistan.
2646:
2006:"Classified name revealed of Special Ops hero dog wounded in Syria raid that killed ISIS leader Baghdadi"
1937:
Lit, Lisa; Belanger, Janelle M.; Boehm, Debby; Lybarger, Nathan; Oberbauer, Anita M. (23 December 2013).
2389:
2260:
884:
883:
customs, military, border guard and police forces; organisations that utilise the Malinois include the
721:
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region (called Malines in French), where it was the predominant coat type used by the local shepherds.
2531:
2771:
900:
2521:
2691:
2676:
2661:
2506:
2716:
2115:"'Victoria Cross for animals': Military dog Kuga posthumously awarded Dickin Medal for bravery"
928:
2807:
2541:
2421:
2382:
2253:
2197:
982:
892:
876:
692:
specified the four varieties known today; the Groenendael, Laekenois, Malinois and Tervuren.
640:
2686:
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2526:
2491:
2486:
2311:
2306:
1950:
1654:
992:
964:
956:
904:
760:
717:
656:
589:
582:
1877:"Characterization of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and behavior in Belgian Malinois"
713:
8:
2802:
2792:
2696:
2461:
2441:
2431:
1398:
936:
169:
35:
Belgian Shepherd varieties: Groenendael (1), Tervuren (2), Malinois (3) and Laekenois (4)
1954:
1826:
1683:
1658:
1642:
2636:
2611:
2316:
1981:
1938:
1911:
1876:
1548:
960:
558:
1827:"Dopamine transporter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Belgian Malinois dogs"
1825:
Lit, Lisa; Belanger, J. M.; Boehm, D.; Lybarger, N.; Oberbauer, A. M. (9 April 2013).
2741:
2731:
2711:
2626:
2591:
2561:
2476:
2426:
1986:
1968:
1916:
1898:
1854:
1846:
1688:
1670:
1453:
1363:
1335:
1224:
1181:
1117:
1052:
759:, recognise the Belgian Shepherd as a single breed with four distinct varieties. The
2751:
2746:
2736:
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2631:
2581:
2576:
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2546:
1976:
1958:
1906:
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688:
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2226:
2056:
1963:
1016:
996:
944:
932:
684:
664:
597:
2536:
2301:
712:
The Laekenois variety has always been the rarest; they take their name from the
2766:
2761:
2566:
2516:
2446:
1666:
1216:
1109:
1041:
1006:
927:. The Société Royale Saint-Hubert recommends all four varieties are tested for
914:
A U.S. Air Force Malinois atop an M2A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle in Iraq in 2007
856:
774:
673:
660:
620:
609:
593:
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2616:
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2511:
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1972:
1902:
1850:
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974:
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860:
848:
729:
624:
616:
1893:
2551:
2501:
2416:
2374:
2363:
1990:
1920:
1858:
1692:
1034:
1020:
978:
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697:
535:
448:
361:
274:
185:
2721:
2405:
1327:
752:
652:
562:
1160:
Les chiens de berger belges: Groenendael, Tervueren, Malinois, Laekenois
615:
Its historical role was as a herding dog. It is also commonly kept as a
207:
2726:
2326:
2296:
2215:
World Federation Belgium Shepherds／Federation Mondiale du Berger Belges
2139:
1490:
1030:
1012:
896:
872:
852:
779:
636:
605:
2321:
1842:
296:
2641:
2471:
2451:
2031:"Dickin Medal for Diesel the police dog killed in Paris attacks raid"
1055:
after he escaped from prison and was on the run for nearly two weeks.
988:
868:
864:
725:
632:
628:
383:
1116:. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 425–428.
2706:
2701:
2606:
1643:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
737:
706:
601:
2337:
2277:
2167:"Meet Meadow, the first K-9 dog on patrol at an N.J. high school"
924:
851:; all of the varieties may compete in obedience competitions and
810:
1518:"US Military working dogs should be American-born, Senator says"
1180:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd. pp. 112–113.
2621:
2496:
2240:
1475:"Behavioral differences among Belgian Shepherd Dogs varieties"
939:. The working lines of the Malinois have been associated with
2193:"The dog that helped capture Danelo Cavalcante is named Yoda"
2057:"Rhino poacher-hunting dog from South Africa gets hero medal"
1640:
809:
of the hair are black but not in patches or stripes such as
2651:
651:
The Belgian Shepherd descends from the same common type of
470:
855:. The dogs are versatile and are often trained for use as
755:
including the Société Royale Saint-Hubert, as well as the
2084:"The rise of the FDOTUS – first dog of the United States"
1281:. Neptune City, N.J.: TFH Publications. pp. 170–174.
1051:
Yoda, a U.S. Border Control Malinois that helped capture
732:, guarding valuable linens put out to bleach in the sun.
1936:
1874:
1824:
1362:. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company. pp. 43–46.
2214:
1178:
Dogs of the shepherds: a review of the pastoral breeds
1114:
Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds
604:
for centuries. At the end of the nineteenth century a
963:
Malinois that assisted in the capture and killing of
1023:
after capturing an insurgent whilst shot during the
585:
considers the four varieties to be separate breeds.
1653:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531.
600:, and was a common sight in the service of Belgian
1887:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 45.
324:Fawn with traces of black overlay in coat and mask
1572:"Indian PM's security goes to the (Israeli) dogs"
2784:
2140:"Dog Mali awarded medal for Afghanistan bravery"
1949:(12). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e82948.
1044:who was murdered on 14 February 2018 during the
977:Malinois that was posthumously awarded the PDSA
498:Fawn or grey with black overlay and a black mask
2275:
1932:
1930:
1870:
1868:
1820:
1818:
1276:
655:as similar Western European breeds such as the
2090:. London: Spectator (1828) Ltd. Archived from
1617:"Anti-poaching dogs a game-changer for Kruger"
1223:. Bath: Parragon Books Ltd. pp. 272–273.
1162:(in French). Paris: De Vecchi. pp. 11–19.
764:they would be disqualified from registration.
2390:
2261:
1448:Jones, Arthur F.; Hamilton, Ferelith (1971).
1447:
1334:. New York: DK Publishing. pp. 306–307.
999:for assisting in the capture of 115 poachers.
746:
2404:
1927:
1865:
1815:
1544:"White House May Check Tourists Blocks Away"
1707:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Groenendael"
1452:. New York: Galahad Books. pp. 53–57.
1360:The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds
903:, and the anti-poaching canine unit at the
2397:
2383:
2268:
2254:
1399:"FCI-Standard N° 15: Belgian Shepherd Dog"
1353:
1351:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1153:
469:
382:
295:
206:
146:12 years (Malinois), 13.8 years (Tervuren)
29:
1980:
1962:
1910:
1892:
1737:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Laekenois"
1682:
1542:Schmidt, Michael S. (21 September 2014).
1277:Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995).
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
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1262:
1260:
1171:
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1100:
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1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
2230:) is being considered for deletion. See
2164:
1793:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Tervuren"
1767:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Malinois"
1472:
1466:
1322:
1320:
1318:
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1308:
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1215:
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411:Fawn with black overlay and a black mask
2003:
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1175:
1157:
995:anti-poaching dog Malinois awarded the
2785:
1614:
1515:
1166:
1130:
1108:
2677:Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche)
2378:
2249:
2190:
2112:
2081:
1569:
1407:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1393:
1391:
1389:
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1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1326:
1237:
1065:
757:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
608:was formed and attempts were made to
165:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
2682:Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
1516:Pawlyk, Oriana (18 September 2020).
1422:
1285:
1046:Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
935:and that the Malinois be tested for
2082:Byrne, Arabella (2 November 2020).
950:
720:. The Laekenois was a favourite of
13:
2191:Bunch, Jesse (13 September 2023).
2004:Laporta, James (28 October 2019).
1376:
14:
2819:
2798:Dog breeds originating in Belgium
2437:Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog
2234:to help reach a consensus. ›
2208:
2113:Hayne, Jordan (27 October 2018).
2336:
2165:Franklin, Chris (9 March 2019).
1279:Atlas of dog breeds of the world
2184:
2158:
2132:
2106:
2075:
2049:
2023:
1997:
1785:
1759:
1729:
1699:
1634:
1608:
1582:
1570:Winer, Stuart (6 August 2017).
1563:
1535:
1509:
121:≈ 20–25 kg (45–55 lb)
109:≈ 25–30 kg (55–65 lb)
1450:The world encyclopedia of dogs
833:
794:
1:
2219:
1615:Martin, Guy (28 March 2017).
1059:
767:
751:Most of the world's national
96:56–62 cm (22–24 in)
84:60–66 cm (24–26 in)
1964:10.1371/journal.pone.0082948
981:after she was killed in the
889:United States Secret Service
803:
785:
7:
2647:Miniature American Shepherd
1797:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1771:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1741:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1711:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1332:The encyclopedia of the dog
824:
816:
728:in the regions surrounding
678:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
577:, and the long-haired fawn
516:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
429:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
342:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
254:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
10:
2824:
1667:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1594:Royal Australian Air Force
1358:Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1973).
1158:Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1979).
885:United States Armed Forces
747:Kennel club classification
669:Cureghem Veterinary School
646:
2532:Carea Castellano Manchego
2412:
2346:
2333:
2284:
918:
529:
518:
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137:
134:
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126:
114:
101:
89:
76:
71:
67:
59:
40:
28:
23:
2772:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
2406:Herding and droving dogs
2232:templates for discussion
1473:Vassallo, Laura (2016).
1221:The encyclopedia of dogs
901:Australian Defence Force
573:; the short-haired fawn
569:; the rough-haired fawn
2692:Polish Lowland Sheepdog
2662:New Zealand Heading Dog
2507:Cane Lupino del Gigante
1894:10.1186/1471-2156-14-45
1590:"Military working dogs"
1176:Hancock, David (2014).
2717:Sardinian Shepherd Dog
1799:. 2020. Archived from
1743:. 2020. Archived from
1713:. 2020. Archived from
915:
877:search and rescue dogs
842:
2542:Catahoula Leopard Dog
2522:Cão da Serra de Aires
2422:Australian Cattle Dog
2198:Philadelphia Inquirer
1837:(5). Wiley: 604–605.
1019:Malinois awarded the
983:2015 Saint-Denis raid
913:
893:Israel Defense Forces
722:Queen Marie Henriette
716:, a residence of the
641:search and rescue dog
555:Chien de Berger Belge
511:Kennel club standards
424:Kennel club standards
337:Kennel club standards
248:Kennel club standards
159:Kennel club standards
49:Chien de Berger Belge
2687:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
2672:Old English Sheepdog
2657:Nenets Herding Laika
2527:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
2492:Bouvier des Flandres
2487:Bouvier des Ardennes
2312:Bouvier des Flandres
2307:Bouvier des Ardennes
2276:Dogs originating in
993:Kruger National Park
965:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
905:Kruger National Park
761:American Kennel Club
718:Belgian royal family
657:Bouvier des Ardennes
590:Bouvier des Ardennes
583:American Kennel Club
549:, also known as the
2697:Portuguese Sheepdog
2462:Bergamasco Shepherd
2442:Basque Shepherd Dog
2432:Australian Shepherd
2094:on 27 November 2020
1955:2013PLoSO...882948L
1659:2024NatSR..14..531M
2637:Magellan sheep dog
2612:Icelandic Sheepdog
2146:. 17 November 2017
2037:. 28 December 2015
1803:on 10 October 2020
1747:on 14 October 2020
1647:Scientific Reports
1549:The New York Times
1491:10.4454/db.v2i2.31
1025:War in Afghanistan
961:United States Army
916:
2780:
2779:
2742:Spanish Water Dog
2732:Shetland Sheepdog
2712:Pyrenean Sheepdog
2627:Lancashire Heeler
2592:Garafian Shepherd
2587:Galician Palleiro
2562:Croatian Sheepdog
2477:Bohemian Shepherd
2427:Australian Kelpie
2372:
2371:
1843:10.1111/age.12040
1717:on 8 October 2020
1596:. 3 November 2017
1497:on 9 October 2020
1459:978-0-88365-302-9
1369:978-0-690-00056-6
1341:978-0-7566-6004-8
1230:978-1-4454-0853-8
1187:978-1-84797-808-0
1123:978-1-57076-219-2
1053:Danilo Cavalcante
714:Château de Laeken
543:
542:
525:
524:
502:
501:
456:
455:
438:
437:
415:
414:
369:
368:
351:
350:
328:
327:
282:
281:
264:
263:
239:
238:
193:
192:
175:
174:
150:
149:
138:Varies by variety
130:Varies by variety
2815:
2752:Swedish Vallhund
2747:Swedish Lapphund
2667:Norwegian Buhund
2632:Lapponian Herder
2582:Finnish Lapphund
2577:Faroese Sheepdog
2572:English Shepherd
2547:Catalan Sheepdog
2457:Belgian Shepherd
2399:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2341:
2340:
2317:Brussels Griffon
2292:Belgian Shepherd
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2237:Belgian Shepherd
2203:
2202:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2063:. 8 January 2016
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1966:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1896:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
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1558:
1556:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1493:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1445:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1403:
1395:
1374:
1373:
1355:
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1282:
1274:
1235:
1234:
1213:
1192:
1191:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1128:
1127:
1106:
1009:'s pet Malinois.
951:Notable examples
689:Second World War
619:, or used as an
551:Belgian Sheepdog
547:Belgian Shepherd
538:
532:
508:
507:
479:
478:
473:
461:
460:
451:
445:
421:
420:
392:
391:
386:
374:
373:
364:
358:
334:
333:
305:
304:
299:
287:
286:
277:
271:
245:
244:
216:
215:
210:
198:
197:
188:
182:
156:
155:
69:
68:
52:Belgian Sheepdog
43:
33:
24:Belgian Shepherd
21:
20:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2757:Tibetan Terrier
2602:German Shepherd
2597:Gaucho sheepdog
2557:Collie (Smooth)
2408:
2403:
2373:
2368:
2354:Belgian Mastiff
2342:
2335:
2331:
2280:
2274:
2235:
2211:
2206:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2002:
1998:
1935:
1928:
1873:
1866:
1831:Animal Genetics
1823:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:Times of Israel
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1446:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1410:. 13 March 2001
1401:
1397:
1396:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1325:
1286:
1275:
1238:
1231:
1217:Alderton, David
1214:
1195:
1188:
1174:
1167:
1156:
1131:
1124:
1110:Morris, Desmond
1107:
1066:
1062:
1017:Australian Army
1005:, US President
997:PDSA Gold Medal
953:
945:genetic testing
933:elbow dysplasia
921:
857:assistance dogs
845:
836:
827:
819:
806:
797:
788:
770:
749:
685:First World War
665:German Shepherd
649:
598:German Shepherd
557:, is a Belgian
534:
530:
459:
447:
443:
372:
360:
356:
285:
273:
269:
196:
184:
180:
122:
110:
97:
85:
55:
41:
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2767:White Shepherd
2764:
2762:Welsh Sheepdog
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
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2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
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2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2567:Dutch Shepherd
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Collie (Rough)
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2517:Cane Toccatore
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:Bearded Collie
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2387:
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2282:
2281:
2273:
2272:
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2258:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2217:
2210:
2209:External links
2207:
2205:
2204:
2183:
2157:
2131:
2105:
2088:Spectator Life
2074:
2048:
2022:
1996:
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1193:
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1165:
1129:
1122:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1048:mass shooting.
1042:Meadow Pollack
1038:
1028:
1010:
1007:Herbert Hoover
1000:
986:
968:
952:
949:
920:
917:
861:detection dogs
844:
841:
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832:
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796:
793:
787:
784:
775:breed standard
769:
766:
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745:
705:name from the
674:breed standard
661:Dutch Shepherd
648:
645:
621:assistance dog
594:Dutch Shepherd
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2617:King Shepherd
2615:
2613:
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2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
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2512:Cane di Oropa
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Border Collie
2480:
2478:
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2468:
2467:Berger Picard
2465:
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975:French police
972:
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941:Rage syndrome
938:
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849:companion dog
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625:detection dog
622:
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58:
51:
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45:
39:
32:
27:
22:
16:
2808:Herding dogs
2537:Carea Leonés
2502:Can de Chira
2456:
2364:Talbot Hound
2302:Bichon Frisé
2291:
2225:
2196:
2186:
2176:17 September
2174:. Retrieved
2170:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2143:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2087:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:BBC Newsbeat
2034:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:
1946:
1942:
1884:
1881:BMC Genetics
1880:
1834:
1830:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:the original
1796:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1770:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1740:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:the original
1710:
1701:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1575:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1522:Military.com
1521:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:the original
1485:(2): 15–19.
1482:
1479:Dog Behavior
1478:
1468:
1449:
1412:. Retrieved
1405:
1359:
1331:
1328:Fogle, Bruce
1278:
1220:
1177:
1159:
1113:
1035:British Army
1021:Dickin Medal
979:Dickin Medal
922:
881:
846:
837:
828:
820:
807:
798:
789:
771:
753:kennel clubs
750:
742:
734:
711:
703:
698:Belgian Army
694:
682:
650:
614:
587:
578:
574:
570:
566:
554:
550:
546:
544:
536:domestic dog
449:domestic dog
403:Short-haired
362:domestic dog
316:Rough-haired
275:domestic dog
186:domestic dog
15:
2722:Schapendoes
2220:‹ The
2150:24 November
2124:24 November
2098:24 November
2067:24 November
2041:24 November
2015:24 November
1626:24 November
1600:24 November
1555:24 November
1527:24 November
925:crossbreeds
873:police dogs
834:Temperament
795:Groenendael
653:herding dog
612:the breed.
610:standardise
567:Groenendael
563:herding dog
490:Long-haired
235:Solid black
227:Long-haired
201:Groenendael
42:Other names
2803:FCI breeds
2793:Dog breeds
2787:Categories
2737:Smithfield
2727:Schipperke
2327:Schipperke
2297:Bloodhound
1621:defenceWeb
1060:References
897:Oketz Unit
869:guide dogs
865:guard dogs
853:Schutzhund
780:sighthound
768:Appearance
726:guard dogs
637:police dog
606:breed club
2642:McNab dog
2472:Blue Lacy
2452:Beauceron
1973:1932-6203
1903:1471-2156
1851:0268-9146
1807:6 October
1777:6 October
1751:6 October
1721:6 October
1675:2045-2322
1501:5 October
1414:5 October
989:K9 Killer
804:Laekenois
786:Varieties
633:guide dog
629:guard dog
602:shepherds
571:Laekenois
458:Dog breed
371:Dog breed
290:Laekenois
284:Dog breed
195:Dog breed
18:Dog breed
2607:Huntaway
2222:template
2144:BBC News
2119:ABC news
2061:BBS News
2010:Newsweek
1991:24376613
1943:PLOS ONE
1921:23718893
1859:23565797
1693:38302530
1684:10834484
1330:(2009).
1219:(2008).
1112:(2001).
1003:King Tut
937:epilepsy
825:Tervuren
817:Malinois
738:Tervuren
707:Mechelen
663:and the
579:Tervuren
575:Malinois
520:standard
464:Tervuren
433:standard
377:Malinois
346:standard
259:standard
170:standard
2347:Extinct
2322:Phalène
2278:Belgium
2224:below (
1982:3871558
1951:Bibcode
1912:3680094
1655:Bibcode
811:brindle
647:History
553:or the
117:Females
92:Females
63:Belgium
2622:Koolie
2497:Briard
2417:Armant
2285:Extant
2241:Curlie
2227:Curlie
1989:
1979:
1971:
1919:
1909:
1901:
1857:
1849:
1773:. 2020
1691:
1681:
1673:
1456:
1366:
1338:
1227:
1184:
1120:
971:Diesel
919:Health
899:, the
891:, the
887:, the
875:, and
659:, the
581:. The
495:Colour
482:Traits
408:Colour
395:Traits
321:Colour
308:Traits
232:Colour
219:Traits
135:Colour
102:Weight
77:Height
72:Traits
60:Origin
1402:(PDF)
957:Conan
559:breed
105:Males
80:Males
2707:Pumi
2702:Puli
2652:Mudi
2178:2023
2152:2020
2126:2020
2100:2020
2069:2020
2043:2020
2017:2020
1987:PMID
1969:ISSN
1917:PMID
1899:ISSN
1855:PMID
1847:ISSN
1809:2020
1779:2020
1753:2020
1723:2020
1689:PMID
1671:ISSN
1628:2020
1602:2020
1557:2020
1529:2020
1503:2020
1454:ISBN
1416:2020
1364:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1031:Mali
1013:Kuga
931:and
730:Boom
596:and
545:The
487:Coat
400:Coat
313:Coat
224:Coat
127:Coat
2239:at
1977:PMC
1959:doi
1907:PMC
1889:doi
1839:doi
1679:PMC
1663:doi
1487:doi
929:hip
879:.
843:Use
639:or
561:of
531:Dog
444:Dog
357:Dog
270:Dog
181:Dog
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